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Myat Su Mon ,Forest DepartmentMinistry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry
General introduction
Approach to Zoning for Land Use Management
Background Information Pilot Study on Zoning Approach for Land
Use Management
Conclusion
Ongoing activities Challenges Opportunity
Presentation Outline
General Introduction
Precise and evidence based balance among economicdevelopment, sustainable use of natural resources andenvironmental conservation is of fundamental importance.
A common approach‐ Ensuring accurate geospatial and socio‐economic data by software tools to produce valid and relevantspatial plans.
National and regional land use management/zoning plans‐Ensuring the National development goals and objectives.
Landscape scale zoning ‐ first planning step‐ precedes moredetailed spatial planning.
Government of Myanmar ‐in the process of promoting effectiveland use planning and refining the zoning methodologies insupport of its National Land Use Policy formulation.
This presentation will introduce : The emerging approach to zoning for land use management
Over 100 national races-Different culture, custom andtraditions related to land uses
Total population- 51 millions (2014 census)
Land related issues are the most critical
The Government of Myanmar recognizes to
deal with Land for:
Land use administration;
Land tenure security and Land use Rights;
Land dispute resolution;
Foreign investment;
Sustainable economic growth;
effective environmental protection;
Social harmonization.
Background Information
4
1990
2000
2010
Land Cover/Land Use Changes in Myanmar
Forest Cover Status (%) at Five Different Years (Source FRA)
46.6437.71
25.82 19.87 21.56
12.0214.74
22.9727.09 21.37
15.0415.59 29.49 29.73
22.29
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Open forestClosed forest
Inland water bodiesOther land
Other wooded land
%
(year)
7
Challenges for Sustainable Natural Resource ManagementChallenges for Sustainable Natural Resource Management
Illegal logging Land use changes
High Fuelwood consumption
Slash & Burn Agriculture
Land use changes (agricultural expansion)
2012, Land Use Allocation andScrutinizing Committee (LUASC) wasformed with the Presidential order.
LUASC is chaired by the Union Minister forMOECAF and consists of 25 members.
Members are representatives from concernedGovernment Ministries and agencies toformulate Land Use Policy.
National Land Use Management PolicyDrafting Working Group focusing on fourmain tasks;
Law HarmonizationClassification, Mapping, RegistrationEthnic Minority & ConflictDonors/ NGOs Coordination
8
National Land Use Policy Formulation Process in Myanmar
Land Use Mapping and Preparing Land Use Management Plan
Districts Region On going Activities
Pilot Study onLand Use Management
10
Background on Pilot Study
2013 April IMG / EU participated at LUASC workshop.
Uncertainty raised on precision of data on land usereported by the survey.
RS based method proposed using Rapideye data.
August 2013 – started pilot RS/GIS study forTaungoo, Thayarwaddy and Bago Districts.
December 2013- finished land use mapping ofTaungoo
January 2014- Field verification
February 2014- Consultation meeting for zoning
Location of Pilot Study Area
Taungoo District
3 Districts within Bago Region
Myanmar
Taungoo region- famous in Burmese history for the Taungoo Dynasty (between the 16th and 18th centuries)
Taungoo- the capital of Burma in 1510–1539 and 1551–1552.
District Area-10644 km2 (6 townships, 72 wards and 251 village tracts)
District Population (2014 census)21% urban and 79% rural48% male and 52% female
• 46.18% forest cover (closed and open forest) (FRA 2010) and 54% of total land area is under Permanent Forest Estate.
General Information of Pilot Study Area
Main Three Stages of Pilot Study
I. Prepare baseline data on LULC for directplanning at district level,
II. Demonstration of a decision support tool indistrict level land management planning andland use zoning,
III. Public consultation in land use planning andzoning.
Summary of RS Work in District Level Land Use Mapping
Total 92 Rapideye images acquired during April 2013were used.
Images processed using a mix of automaticclassification (Segmentation by using ENVI) andmanual interpretation (in ArcGIS) .
22 LULC classes were identified. Reference to Landsat 1999, 2003 for historical land
use information. New Landsat 8 data were used to resolve inaccuracies
caused by seasonal effects. Using of Google Earth.
No Land Categories Man-made Land use/infrastructure
Town/villageBuildings Road Network
Forestry sector related land useDegraded forestForest Plantation Closed forest Open forest Bamboo break forest
Agricultural sector related land use Paddy/ Irrigated agriculture Active taunggya Fallow taunggya Tree crops Permanent dry land agriculture Commercial agriculture
1
2
3
gAquaculture
Fish ponds Shrimp ponds
Waterbody River/stream Lake Dams/ Reserviors
6 WetlandLivestock and grazing land
Grazing, grass landScrub land
Burdan land Permanent bare land Sand bars
8
4
5
7
8 Main Land Use Categories and Sub‐categories
Land Use/ Land Cover of Taungoo District
LULC 2013 km2 PercentBroadleaved forest closed 173.93 1.61Degraded Forest 4060.07 37.65Broadleaved forest open 191.49 1.78Paddy 2738.53 25.39Permanent dryland ag. 374.24 3.47Settlements 261.75 2.43Active Taungya 113.36 1.05Grassland / Grazing Land 112.74 1.05Permanent Bare Land 58.50 0.54Tree Crops 36.69 0.34Roads 17.46 0.16Sandbars 13.48 0.13Buildings 3.75 0.03Commercial Agriculture 3.19 0.03Unclassified 2.05 0.02Fish Pond 0.83 0.01Settlement 0.05 0.00Fallow Taungya 1295.36 12.01Scrubland 871.95 8.09Forest Plantation 137.66 1.28Bamboo 15.24 0.14Water - Lakes 185.67 1.72Water - Rivers 59.76 0.55Swamp / Wetland 56.50 0.52Total 10784.239 100
Input data (GIS layers)Data Content Information Source
2013 Land Use / Lancover data
22 Land Use / cover classes
actual current land use
MOECAF/ IMG/EU
Slope 3 Slope classes potential erosion risk
ASTER Global 30m DEM
Forest Admin status
3 Land Admin classes
Admin responsibility
MOECAF
Soil 4 Soil Classes Soil quality and agricultural suitability
MOAI
Rainfall 3 Classes potential erosion risk
Worldclim
Conservation Zones
2 Protection zones
Catchments
3 Slope classes in Degrees
> 20 Steep
0-10 Flat
10-20 Medium
30m Elevation Model
5 Main Soil Types
Highest fertility alluvial soils
Yellow Brown Forest soils
Yellow Brown Indaing soils
High fertility meadowAnd ‘meadow alluvial soils
3 Classes of Mean Annual Rainfall (mm/year)
Soil erosion riskWater availability
<1714 (low)
1714-2441 (medium)
>2441 (high)
Mean Annual Rainfall (mm)High : 3205
Low : 961
Catchment Protection zones (upstream of reservoirs)
Administrative Boundary
1. Permanent Forest Estate (PFE)− reserved forest− protected public forest
2. Outside PFE
reserved forest
permanent forest estate
1500 types but 250 Combinations account for 99% of land area
Linking existing govt policy / law to land
Combination of all possible types (six GIS layers)Matching of actual land conditions with logical management options
Evidence Based Land Use Management
Land Management Plan for Taungoo District based on 6physical factors
42 class LMP for Taungoo district using logical ‘rules’ whichassign use according to combination of 6 factors
1 2 3 4 5 6
42 Land ManagementClasses proposed usingrule based decision tree
Development of Draft Land Management Plan
Public Consultation in Land Use Planning
Public Consultation in Land Use Planning
42 Categories simplified into 5 general land use zones of similar type
Land Use Zoning with simplified decision rules
Land Management (42 categories) Continue using (14 categories) Need remedial measures (28 categories) Evidence based land use management
‘Continue current use’: Within PFE
‘Continue current use’: Outside PFE
Manage forest sustainably, limit clear fellingForestry
Maintain as Slope Protection Forest or develop agroforestry
Agroforestry
Degazette Paddy from RFAgriculture
Reserved land
Zone as ecological reserveFor Wetland conservation
Same Approach in Bagoand Tharyarwady District
Land Use Assessment
Same Approach in Bago and Tharyarwady District
Land Use Management Plan
2014-15 Rapideye Images2014-15 Landsat Images
1st orderClassification(6 land cover)
2nd orderClassification (26 land
uses)
Land Use Mapping for 2015-16
Challenges
Institutional Strengthening
Lim
ited
upd
ated
da
ta (
eg.
Bou
ndar
y, la
nd
Inve
stm
ent
s so
cio-
econ
omic
da
ta e
tc..)
Capacity Building
BudgetsTechnical
Human Resources
Opportunity
• Cooperation with various organizations• OneMap Myanmar- Spatial Data Platform
Thank you very much for your attention.
