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Myths, Fables, Legends, Folk Tales, and Fairy Tales

Myths, Fables, Legends, Folk Tales, and Fairy Tales

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Myths, Fables, Legends, Folk Tales,

and Fairy Tales

Today’s Objective• PO: I can identify similar components in multi-

cultural stories.

• EQ:

• What are common structures?

• What are stylist elements?

• How are they similar across genres and cultures?

Folklore• Definition:

• The traditional beliefs, myths, tales and practices that form part of an oral tradition

• On your slates, think of as many examples of folklore as you can.

• For example, the tortoise and the hare or stories about Zeus.

Types of Folklore

Types of Folklore• Myth

• Epic, a type of myth

• Legends• Fables

• Fairy tales• Tall Tale

Myths• Definition: a folk tale that explains something

about the world

• Traditional, usually concerning a hero or an important event

• May contain gods or goddesses or some other superhuman being

• Problems are solved on the 3rd try (3s)

Myths• Sometimes describes the creation of

something, for example the world, fire, planets or nature

• Focuses on some practice or rite of the culture or a natural phenomena

• Reveals common hopes and fears of mankind

• People and things often morph into something else

First, let’s think of what we already

know. . . 1. What are some common features of stories?

2. What are some different genres (kinds) of stories?

What is a myth?A myth is a story that:

* is used to try to explain how the world works.

*is used to explain how we should treat each other. . . .a.k.a teaches moral lessons

*has gods, goddesses, or other super-beings.

*are passed down orally by generations which means there are many variations.

Examples of Myths

• Greek Myths

• • Egyptian Myths

• • Roman Myths

• • Native American Myths

• • Creation Myths

• • Epics

Watch Romulus and Remus and identify those common components of myths.

1. What part of our world is explained?

2. What is the moral lesson?3. Who are the gods,

goddesses, or super-beings?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI

Watch Pandora’s Box and identify those common components of myths.

1. What part of our world is explained?2. What is the moral lesson?

3. Who are the gods, goddesses, or super-beings?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGTTAfwHugY

Quick Review• Which of the following is not an element

• of myths?

• 1) nature

• 2) gods and goddesses

• 3) creation

• 4) trickster

Twist and Turn• Each group is going to read a myth and write

down the following:

• What is the title?

• What is your myth about?

• What were the elements of your myth that you read?

This is gonna be EPIC!!

An Epic is:

*A type of myth

*An endless battle or journey

*Long, long poem

*A mortal hero at odds with gods or goddesses

The Iliad is an example.

More on Epics• • Long, narrative poem about a hero at

war with a god

• • Gods often interfere in the lives of mortals

• • Hero that represents positive values and goes on a very long journey across the world

• • Hero overcomes tremendous odds to succeed

• • Starts in the middle of the action (no exposition)

Examples of Epics

Examples include:

• “The Odyssey”

• “The Illiad”

• “Beowulf ”

• “Paradise Lost”

Fables• Definition: a short story in prose or verse that

teaches a practical or moral lesson for life

• Personified animals or inanimate objects

• • Most common were written by Aesop

• • Usually has a “trickster”

• • Usually has a moral written at the end

The Ant and theGrasshopper

• The ants were spending a fine winter’s day drying grain collected in the summertime. A grasshopper, perishing with famine, passed by and earnestly begged for a little food. The Ants inquired of him, “Why did you not gather up food during the summer?” He replied, “I had not enough free time. I passed days in singing.” They then said in derision: “If you were foolish enough to sing all the summer, you must dance supperless to bed in the winter.”What is a possible moral of the fable?

• It is best to prepare for days of necessity.

The Ant And The Dove• An ant went to the bank of a river to

quench its thirst, and became carried away by the rush of the stream. He was on the point of drowning. A dove sitting on a tree overhanging the water plucked a leaf and let it fall into the stream close to her. The ant climbed onto it and floated in safety to the bank. Shortly afterwards a bird catcher came and stood under the tree, and laid his lime-twigs for the dove, which sat in the branches. The ant, knowing what he was up to, stung him in the foot. In pain, the bird catcher threw down the twigs and the noise made the dove take wing. What is the moral of this fable?

• One good deed deserves another.

What is a Fable?1. Think of the fable The Tortoise and the Hare.

What happens in this story? 30 seconds

2. Discuss what happens in this fable with your neighbor. Is there anything to be learned? 30

seconds

3. Write a 2-4 sentence summary in your notebook of this fable and the moral that is taught. 3 minutes

4. Now, think of the components of this fable. Which do you think are present in all fables? List in

your notebook what you think are common characteristic of fables.

What is a Fable?

*are passed down orally by generations which means there are many variations.

* uses personification - animals, plants, forces of nature (ex: thunder), or objects with

human-like characteristics.

*always has a moral, or lesson learned

A fable is a story that:

*will often have a trickster who learns a lesson

Review On your slatesFor each phrase, identify which type of

folklore (myth,epic or fable) it is.

• 1. Short story written in prose or verse.

• 2. Long, narrative poem with a hero at war with a

• god.

• 3. Often tries to explain the creation of something.

• 4. Heroes go on long journeys.

• 5. Has personified animals.

Review • 6. Teaches a practical lesson.

• 7. Has gods, goddesses or other superhuman beings.

• 8. Gods interfere in the lives of mortals.

• 9. An example includes “The Odyssey.”

• 10. Reveals common hopes and fears of mankind.

What are legends?*Legends are about REAL people and their actions or deeds.

-The people lived in more recent times and are real people mentioned in history.

-Based on facts, but not entirely true.

-The story of this real person may be made up to teach a lesson and fictional details are added to make it more interesting.

-Examples: King Arthur, Robin Hoodhttp://www.planetozkids.com/oban/what-are-legends.htm

-They are passed down orally by generations which means there are many variations.

Legends• Definition: a very old story passed down from

one generation to the next

• Usually is based on actual historical events or real people but lack proof

• An exaggerated version of the event

• • Main character often has a “side kick”

• • Took place “long, long ago”

• On your slate: Who are some American legend you are familiar with?

Can you name these?

Paul Bunyon with Babethe Big Blue Ox

John HenryCasey Jones

Johnny Appleseed

Now that you know what it takes tobecome a legend, who are some legitimate

modern day examples of legends?

How are legends similar and different

to myths?LegendMyths

Myth or LegendJesse James and the Widow

retold byS. E. Schlosser

One day, as Jesse James and his gang were riding through Missouri, they saw a farmhouse and stopped to ask for something to eat. A widow lived there with three small children. She didn't have much in the house, but shared with them what she had.

It was while they were eating lunch that Jesse James noticed that something was bothering this generous widow. He questioned her about it, and she broke down and told him her story. The mortgage was due on the house that very day, and since her husband had died, she did not have the money to pay it. Her landlord was not a generous man, and was sure to put her children and herself out on the street.

"How much money do you need to pay the mortgage?" Jesse asked the widow.

"Fifteen hundred dollars," the widow sobbed.

Jesse James took out his money bag, counted out $1500 dollars and presented it to the widow.

"I can't take this," she protested, but Jesse James insisted she use the money to pay off the mortgage.

"Just make sure you get a receipt," he warned her, and she promised that she would. Then he got a description of the man, and left with his gang.

Jesse James and his gang waited in the woods near the house until the man had collected his money from the widow. Then they rode out onto the road and stole their money back from the landlord.

Myth or LegendIzanagi and Izanami glided down the rainbow-striped Floating Bridge of Heaven. They stared into the oily, primeval ocean of chaos below. Izanagi dipped his jeweled spear and stirred the swirling jellyfish-like mass; a glistening droplet fell from his spear point and turned into an island.

Izanagi and Izanami descended to the island they created and built a tall, sacred column. Izanagi circled the column in one direction, Izanami went in the other. When they met face to face, they married. Izanami then gave birth to the eight islands of Japan, the mountains, the seasons, the gods of land and water and all the forms of nature. After giving birth to the fire god, Izanami died of a burning fever.

Izanagi was so crazed with grief that he chased after his wife into the dark Underworld. He pulled a comb from his hair and lit it, just to get a glimpse of his beautiful beloved.

He sprang back in horror! Izanami had become a rotting corpse. She shrieked in rage at being seen. Izanagi fled; his hideous wife and her horde of demons and devils were at his heels. He just barely reached the mouth of the Underworld and rolled a boulder into it. Izanami wailed that she would kill 1,000 people a day in revenge. Izanagi vowed that 1,500 people would be born each day. As they had married from either side of the column, Izanagi and Izanami divorced from either side of the boulder. The living and the dead were separated forever.

Essential Questions

1. What is a legend?

2. How are myths and legends similar and different?

End of Legend Lesson

LegendMyths

Fable

Compare the features of each.

End of Fables Lesson

What is a Fairy Tale?Think of Cinderella.

Run through the characters, setting, plot in your mind.

This is an example of a fairy tale.

Think about what are common features of fairy tales.

Discuss this with your neighbor and make a list of your predictions.

Fairy Tales

*“Once upon a time”s and “Happily ever after”s

*Magical elements

*Good triumphs over evil, aka happy endings

*Contains supernatural beings such as elves, dragons, fairies, trolls, etc.

*Royalty (kingdoms, princess...)

*Takes place in forests, castles, cottages, or faraway lands

*May show the values of a culture

Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty