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N N A A C C R R E E 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota João Frota – Airbus 15 th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference 12 th May 2009 – Miami, USA An An Overview: Overview: Towards a Towards a Silent Silent - - by by - - Design Aircraft? Design Aircraft? N N A A C C R R E E

NACRE - X-Noise · NACRE Overview: 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota João Frota – Airbus ... RFN (rear-fuselage nacelle)

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Page 1: NACRE - X-Noise · NACRE Overview: 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota João Frota – Airbus ... RFN (rear-fuselage nacelle)

NNAACCRREE

15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota

João Frota – Airbus15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference12th May 2009 – Miami, USA

An An Overview:Overview:Towards aTowards aSilentSilent--byby--Design Aircraft?Design Aircraft?

NNAACCRREE

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12th May 200915th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota Page 2

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(foreword) The purpose of this talk…

… is not to explain how clever the NACRE team was or still is (it’s so obvious! members are in this room…)

… is not to present solutions for all our (industry) problems (others will!)

… is to market an effective approach for integrated (multidisciplinary) research with key examples

… is to highlight some of the noise issues that we try to tackle and that still deserve some attention from the scientific community

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12th May 200915th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota Page 3

NNAACCRREE

Contents

Introduction to the NACRE ProGreen concept family

Introduction to the NACRE European R&T project

Summary & Outlook

A selection of noise reduction technology bricks

Previous European initiatives

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NNAACCRREE

Contents

Introduction to the NACRE ProGreen concept family

Introduction to the NACRE European R&T project

Summary & Outlook

A selection of noise reduction technology bricks

Previous European initiatives

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NACRE Objectives

• The main aim of NACRE is to break the barriers that prevent the efficient design of Novel Aircraft Configurations

• To help provide quantum steps in three specific ACARE* challenges:*Advisory Council for Aeronautical Research in Europe

Air-travel Quality and AffordabilityEnvironmental performanceAir Transport System Efficiency

• The NACRE targets are as follows:

Fuel Consumption: -25 % (fuel burn kg/seat/km)

Noise reduction target: -10 dB per operation

Efficiency: -15 % of A/C economics

Volume improvement: +15/20 % per PAX at same A/Cefficiency and enhanced services

Noise and Environmental aspects in focus today

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Achievements: - 20dB = 75% quieter!

1st generationturbofans

2nd generationturbofans

Late

ral N

oise

Lev

el C

orre

cted

for A

ircra

ft Th

rust

Entry Into Service Date1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Turbojets --20dB20dB

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But current solutions show limited potential…

…Radical innovative solutions are neededto meet major requirements

Prod

uct P

erfo

rman

ce/C

apab

ility

1950 2000

Incremental product improvement

step change

Propeller

Jet

Modern JetHigh By-pass ratio

Fly by wire

1975

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Engines

Advanced Materials

Systems

Configurations

Aerodynamics

“Greener by design” – The design levers

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Page 10

NACRE – New Aircraft Concepts REsearch

• Started April 2005, initial duration 48 months, extended for 12 months

• Budget € 30.3m, funded € 16.9m by European Commission

• A Consortium of 36 partnersAircraft manufacturers: Airbus, Alenia, Dassault Aviation, PiaggioEngine manufacturers: Rolls-Royce, Snecma, MTU Aero EnginesKey suppliers: Aircelle, Messier-Dowty, Dowty PropellersResearch Centres: ARA, CIRA, DLR, EADS Innovation Works, FOI, INTA, NLR, ONERA, TsAGI, VZLUUniversities: Trinity College Dublin, Univ. Greenwich, TU Munich, Univ. Stuttgart, KTH Stockholm, Warsaw Univ. Technology, ISVRSmall and medium enterprises: IBK, INASCO, PEDECE (affiliated to IST Lisbon), ARTTIC

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NNAACCRREE

NACRE Consortium

4 major aircraft manufacturers, 3 major engine manufacturers, 3 key suppliers10 Research Centres, 7 Universities, 4 small and medium enterprises

UKAirbus, ARA, ISVR,

Messier-Dowty, Rolls-Royce, UoG, Dowty

Propellers

PolandWarsaw Univ. Technology

FranceAirbus, Aircelle, Dassault

Aviation, ONERA, Snecma, ARTTIC

GermanyAirbus, EADS CRC,

DLR, IBK, MTU, Rolls-Royce, TU München,

Univ. Stuttgart

ItalyAlenia, CIRA, Piaggio

GreeceINASCO

RussiaTsAGI

SpainAirbus, INTA

Czech RepublicVZLU

SwedenFOI, KTH

NetherlandsNLR

PortugalPEDECE

IrelandTCD

UKAirbus, ARA, ISVR,

Messier-Dowty, Rolls-Royce, UoG, Dowty

Propellers

PolandWarsaw Univ. Technology

FranceAirbus, Aircelle, Dassault

Aviation, ONERA, Snecma, ARTTIC

GermanyAirbus, EADS CRC,

DLR, IBK, MTU, Rolls-Royce, TU München,

Univ. Stuttgart

ItalyAlenia, CIRA, Piaggio

GreeceINASCO

RussiaTsAGI

SpainAirbus, INTA

Czech RepublicVZLU

SwedenFOI, KTH

NetherlandsNLR

PortugalPEDECE

IrelandTCD

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Existing productsExisting products : based on: based onone single conceptone single concept

to best meet all requirementsto best meet all requirements

Existing productsExisting products : based on: based onone single conceptone single concept

to best meet all requirementsto best meet all requirements

Driving innovation…

• The idea is to select concepts (« champions ») to explore the most relevant capabilities and meet the widest range of challenges

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Future capabilitiesFuture capabilities : driven by : driven by a family of concepts tailored to fit a family of concepts tailored to fit

specific sets of requirementsspecific sets of requirements

« Thinking Out of the Box »

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… by using concepts to stimulate research

Your Aircraft !

The Concept Car

The Concept A/C

Your Car !

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• NACRE uses concepts tailored to address specific subsets of design drivers

• These Champions are most able to drive innovation in their respective field of difficulty:

The Proactive Green

The Flying Wing

The Simple Flying Bus ?

Shaping the “Concept Champions”…

?? The

Champions

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… and capturing their technology needs

Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3

Potential Solutions

Challenges and Potential “Show Stoppers”

Technology Requirements

Technology Development

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The « Proactive Green » concept

giving minimum affordable impact of aviation operations and manufacturing on the environment

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NNAACCRREE

NACRE Level 1 WBS

WP1New Aircraft

Concepts

WP5 – Management

WP2Novel Lifting

Surfaces

WP3Novel Power-

plant Installation

WP4Novel

Fuselage

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NNAACCRREE

NACRE Level 2 WBSWP 2

Novel Lifting Surfaces(A-UK)

T 2.2Flying Wing

(DLR)

T 2.3Innovative Tail

Integration(A-E)

WP 3Novel Powerplant

Installation(R-R)

T 4.1Powered Tails

(A-F)

T 4.3Cost-efficient

Fuselage(A-F)

WP 4Novel Fuselage

(A-D)

WP 5Project

Management(AI)

T 1.1Pro Green

A/C(A-F)

T 1.3SFBA/C

(A-UK)

T 1.4IEP

(Onera)

WP 1Novel A/C Concepts

(AI)

T 1.2PDA

(A-D)

Pro-Green

PDA

SFB

T 2.1Advanced Wings

(A-UK)

T 3.2Radical Engine

Integration(Onera)

T 3.1Rear Engine Integration

(A-F)

T3.3Hung Engine Integration(Snecma)

T 4.2Advanced Cabin

(TU Munich)

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12th May 200915th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota Page 19

NNAACCRREE

Contents

Introduction to the NACRE ProGreen concept family

Introduction to the NACRE European R&T project

Summary & Outlook

A selection of noise reduction technology bricks

Previous European initiatives

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12th May 200915th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota Page 20

NNAACCRREE

EU R&T Roadmap on New Aircraft Concepts

A consistent approach,building upon FP5… and preparing FP7

2002 2005 2009

Nov

el A

ircra

ft

Con

figur

atio

ns

Engi

neA

irfra

me

FP5 FP6

Con

vent

iona

l A/C

Con

figur

atio

ns

NEFA

VELA

ROSAS

FP7

SILENCE®

EEFAE

Level of investment / Technology maturity

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NNAACCRREE

• ROSASJanuary 2002 to April 2005Low Noise Aircraft (A/C configuration & acoustics incl. WTT)

• VELAOctober 2002 to October 2005Flying Wing (A/C configuration, low speed aerodynamics, structure)

Key FP5 projects on New Aircraft Concepts

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12th May 200915th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota Page 22

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ROSAS’ ambitious objectives (FP5)

• Develop theoretical and numerical prediction tools in the field of unconventional aircraft configurations (Silent Aircraft Concepts)

• Collect an invaluable acoustic experimental database to calibrate and validate the prediction models – first time ever in Europe

• Demonstrate engine noise shielding potential coming from alternative engine installations

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ROSAS: a new process to design silent aircraft

1. Definition of a design process driven by engine noise shielding

Noise-shielding efficiency

Handling qualities (stability)

Engine installation

aerodynamic efficiency

Engine installation structure

Thermal interaction with

empennage / wing

RFN / OWN Configuration

Main driverEngine noise sources

Noise-driven concept definition

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NNAACCRREE

ROSAS: a new process to design silent aircraft

2. Configurations defined for 2 silent aircraft concepts:OWN (over-wing nacelle)RFN (rear-fuselage nacelle)

Configurations to be seen as platforms to develop innovative design capabilities

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NNAACCRREE

ROSAS: acoustic experimental activities

• WTT campaign in ONERA CEPrA19 facility featuring advanced turbofan engine Jet and Fan noise simulation

• Unique experimental database on installation/shielding effect of engine noise sources by airframe

Understanding the physics of noise installation effects

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NNAACCRREE

Outcomes of ROSAS

• ROSAS ended in March 2005 and provided for extensive capability development in the field of modeling and prediction of engine noise installation effects

• An extensive experimental database was developed from high quality wind tunnel tests at ONERA CEPrA19 facility(see O. Piccin’s presentation tomorrow morning)

Shielding of engine noise sources proved to be an efficient way to reduce engine noise

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The VELA project (FP5)

• VELA increased the general knowledge on flying wing concepts in the following areas :

Cabin configurations (comfort, boarding, evacuation)Structural design (from conceptual design to FEM assessment)Aerodynamic design & assessment, Stability and ControlIntegrated design at future projects level

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12th May 200915th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota Page 28

NNAACCRREE

Contents

Introduction to the NACRE ProGreen concept family

Introduction to the NACRE European R&T project

Summary & Outlook

A selection of noise reduction technology bricks

Previous European initiatives

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The NACRE « Proactive Green » concept©

AIR

BU

S S.

A.S.

All

right

s re

serv

ed. C

onfid

entia

l and

pro

prie

tary

doc

umen

t.

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NNAACCRREE

Proactive Green – Definition & Integration

T 2.1Pro-Green

advanced wings

T3.1 & T 3.2 Eng Integration & Analysis

T 4.1 Powered Tail

integrated definition

Pro-Greenconcept

definition

Monitoring&

Integration

A/C and Engine configs

Overallassessment

Sizingcriteria

ProGreen1 ProGreen2

ROSAS FP5 Project

VITAL FP6 Project

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NNAACCRREE

ProGreen 1 Baseline Characteristics

• Requirements:Capacity 180 passengersRange 3000nmMach number M0.76Initial Cruise altitude 35000ftApproach speed 135kts

• Powered Tail:Rear-mounted engines with noise-shielding horizontal & vertical tailplanes

• Wing:Forward-swept wing (FSW)Natural laminar flowFixed LE designPlanforms based upon UK project NEXUS

• Engine:Designed by SnecmaContrafan engine design for compact low-noise engineBleedless

Low noise but challenge will be on meeting fuel burn targets

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NNAACCRREE

ProGreen 2 Baseline Characteristics• Requirements:

Capacity 180 passengersRange 3000nmMach number M0.74Initial Cruise altitude 31000ftApproach speed 135kts

• Powered Tail:Rear-mounted engines with noise-shielding horizontal & vertical tailplanes

• Wing:High aspect ratio low sweep (HARLS)Turbulent designPlanforms based upon NEXUSEfficient at both high and low speed

• Engine:Designed by Rolls-Royce and Dowty PropellersContra-Rotating Open Rotors for low fuel consumptionBleedless

Low fuel burn but challenge will be on meeting noise targets

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12th May 200915th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota Page 33

NNAACCRREE

Contents

Introduction to the NACRE ProGreen concept family

Introduction to the NACRE European R&T project

Summary & Outlook

A selection of noise reduction technology bricks

Previous European initiatives

Page 33: NACRE - X-Noise · NACRE Overview: 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota João Frota – Airbus ... RFN (rear-fuselage nacelle)

ProGreen Powered Tails

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• Integrated approach to the design of the two powered tail conceptsOptimising interactions between components for best possible performance (tail geometry, engine positioning, fuselage and pylon shaping)Respecting acoustic, structural and engine burst constraints

• Defined powered tails mature enough for detailed analytical investigationsComputational and experimental results for aerodynamicsNoise predictions studying shielding effects, validated by experimentInvestigated nacelle structural design and opening conceptsInvestigated innovative engine mounting solutionsProduced structural definition of pylon and rear fuselage

ProGreen Powered Tails

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Powered Tail Aerodynamic Analysis

• CFD analysis of both powered tail arrangements completed at high speed (cruise) and low speed (take-off), with and without propulsion systems

• For example, several configurations were modelled for the open rotor conceptClean aircraft and isolated propulsion systemComplete aircraft with propeller on and switched off

• Propeller was modelled as an actuator disc based on aerodynamic characteristics provided by Dowty

For both powered tails, no critical flow phenomenon identified,but interaction between propulsion system and empennage

has an impact on handling qualities

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• High-speed wind-tunnel test carried out on turbofan powered tail at ARAInvestigation of installation interaction, aero characteristics, local flow phenomena and concept performanceRange of configurations, with and without tail & through flow nacellesValidation of experimental mounting (twin sting)

Results used to validate and develop CFD design and experimentalmethodology

Powered Tail Performance Tests

Good correlation between CFD and test

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Powered Tail Acoustics

• Acoustic Wind Tunnel Tests (ONERA) to verify installation phenomena and to validate shielding assessment

Fan noise tests from Sept to Dec 2008Comparison with numerical work currently in progress

Jet noise modelling and shielding

Fan noise modelling and shielding

Open Rotor Assessment

Turbofan Assessment

Successful test campaign, valuable technical results

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ProGreen Advanced Wings

• The “Advanced Wings” Task aimed at improving the understanding of the impact that different drivers have on integrated wing and landing gear design

• High Aspect Ratio Low Sweep (HARLS) Wing:Investigated a new design space ofhigh aspect ratio, thin wings (AR~14)High-lift trade study to improveapproach noiseLanding gear noise studies

• Forward Swept Wing (FSW):Investigated potential of a forward swept wingwith natural laminar flowAeroelastic studiesHigh-lift design studies

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High-Lift Device Trade Study

• Four high-lift configurations were investigated

Droop Nose Device

Fixed Nose Droop Double Slotted Flaps

Slats Single Slotted Flaps

Single Slotted Flaps

Double Slotted Flaps

Droop Nose Device

Objective was to reduce noise,either through improved L/D or reduced source noise

Option 3

Option 2

Option 1

Baseline

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High-Lift Trade Study – Acoustic Results• Airframe noise on approach compared to baseline slats / single slotted flaps

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0Option 2

App

roac

h N

oise

(EPN

dB)

Option 3Option 1

Droop nose with single slotted flapsand double slotted flaps show strong advantage

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Outrigger

MCLG

Landing Gear Studies – Concepts

• HARLS wing has assumed a body-mounted landing gear concept

• Two main gear layouts were proposed: a twin body-mounted landing gear (BLG) a single body landing gear,or “mono” centre landing gear (MCLG)supplemented by outriggers on the wing

BLG

Fuselage Floor Sponson

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Detailed Studies – LG Noise

• Low noise landing gear concepts defined by Messier-Dowty

Both NACRE wing mounted gear and MCLG optimised for low noise

• Mesh generated and flow solution computed by ARA

• Noise and installation effects predicted by ISVR using a semi-empirical method, which was developed to include wing flow circulation

• Final part of the noise study at aircraft level is being completed by Airbus

Landing Gear Noise analysis processdeveloped and refined

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Flying Wing Over-the-Body Buried Inlet

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Flying Wing Over-the-Body Buried Inlet

• Over-the-buried 3-engine aircraft configuration for greater engine-to-engine distance (aerodynamics, structure, rotor failure considerations)

• Engine characteristics by MTU Aero EnginesSensitivity study of sfc vs. intake distortion performedAcceptable performance of semi-buried intake confirmed

• Detailed aerodynamic and acoustic assessment of selected concepts(see E. Manoha’s presentation in session 30 this afternoon)

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Contents

Introduction to the NACRE ProGreen concept family

Introduction to the NACRE European R&T project

Summary & Outlook

A selection of noise reduction technology bricks

Previous European initiatives

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NACRE integrated approach is effective• Objective within NACRE was to drive the development of the key

capabilities required for the development of novel aircraft concepts

WP1: New Aircraft Concepts to foster

technology innovation

WP4Novel Fuselage

and Cabin to develop passenger-centered concepts

and cost-efficient technologies

WP3Novel Powerplant Installation: challenging configurations for

ambitious goals on environment protection and cost-efficiency

WP2Novel Lifting Surfaces and Control for improved structure and aerodynamic

efficiency through an integrated approach

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NACRE ProGreen examples were shown

• The purpose of a novel ProGreen aircraft concept was to foster game-changing innovation

• Powerplant Integration activities have used this integrated approach to optimise the Powered Tail concepts:

Developed a “silent-by-design” definition processDefined powered tails mature enough for detailed analytical, numerical and experimental investigationsAcquired valuable experimental knowledge (high-speed aerodynamic performance, fan and jet noise shielding) to validate concepts… a target to be pursued

• Work on Advanced Wings has improved the understanding of the impact of different drivers on integrated wing and landing gear design

Noise is a key driver for high-lift systems and landing gear• Some of these activities will continue to mature into Cleansky

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NACRE ProGreen will feed into FP7 CleanSky

Open Rotors

NaturalLaminar Flow

NACRE main bricks

building into

CleanSky

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Outlook on Clean Sky SFWA

Smart Wing Technologies

Technology Development

Technology Integration

Large Scale Flight Demonstration

Natural Laminar Flow (NLF)

Hybrid Laminar Flow (HLF)

Active and passive load control

Novel enabling materials

Innovative manufacturing scheme

Innovative Powerplant Integration

Technology Integration

Large Scale Flight DemonstrationImpact of airframe flow field on Propeller design (acoustic, aerodynamic, vibration)

Impact of open rotor configuration on airframe (Certification capabilities, structure, vibrations...)

Innovative empennage design

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Acknowledgements

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Other NACRE presentations at this conference

• Numerical simulation of the fan noise radiated through a semi-buriedair inlet, Eric Manoha and Daniel-Ciprian Mincu – ONERA

• Acoustic Shielding in Low Mach Number Potential Flow Incorporating a Wake Model using BEM, Cathal Clancy and Henry J. Rice – Trinity College Dublin

• Characterization of Installation Effects for HBPR Engine Part IV: Assessment of Jet Acoustics, Jérôme Huber, Magdi Omaisy – Airbus, Alexandre Vuillemin – Snecma and Renaud Davy – ONERA

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NACRE – New Aircraft Concepts Research

Thank-You

NNAACCRREE