Napoleon Forges Napoleon Forges an Empirean Empire23.323.3Page 584Page 584

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte 5ft, 3 inches tall5ft, 3 inches tall Recognized as one of Recognized as one of

the world’s military the world’s military geniuses along with geniuses along with Alexander and Julius Alexander and Julius CaesarCaesar

Sent to military school in Sent to military school in northern France at age 9northern France at age 9

1785, only 16 years old, 1785, only 16 years old, finished school and finished school and became a lieutenant in became a lieutenant in the armythe army

Hero of the HourHero of the Hour When the Revolution broke out, Napoleon When the Revolution broke out, Napoleon

joined the new government’s armyjoined the new government’s army Royalists stormed the National Convention, Royalists stormed the National Convention,

and Napoleon received orders to greet those and Napoleon received orders to greet those protestors with fireprotestors with fire

Those attackers fled in panic and confusionThose attackers fled in panic and confusion Napoleon Bonaparte became the hero of the Napoleon Bonaparte became the hero of the

hour, and was hailed throughout Paris as the hour, and was hailed throughout Paris as the savior of the French Republicsavior of the French Republic

1796, the Directory (France’s new government) 1796, the Directory (France’s new government) appoints Napoleon to lead an army against appoints Napoleon to lead an army against Austria and the kingdom of SardiniaAustria and the kingdom of Sardinia

Napoleon’s army won a series of battles in Napoleon’s army won a series of battles in Italy, crushing the threat of Austrian troops to Italy, crushing the threat of Austrian troops to FranceFrance

The newspapers praise Napoleon’s victoriesThe newspapers praise Napoleon’s victories

Next, Napoleon’s army moved on to Egypt to Next, Napoleon’s army moved on to Egypt to disrupt trade between Britain and Indiadisrupt trade between Britain and India

Napoleon’s series of defeats would end, and Napoleon’s series of defeats would end, and his luck ran outhis luck ran out

His French troops were defeated by British His French troops were defeated by British admiral Horatio Nelsonadmiral Horatio Nelson

Napoleon was able to keep this defeat from the Napoleon was able to keep this defeat from the presspress

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfNqIb6-8wAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfNqIb6-8wA

Napoleon vs. NelsonNapoleon vs. Nelson

Directory Loses ControlDirectory Loses Control The French people had lost confidence in The French people had lost confidence in

the Directorythe Directory The only thing keeping the them in power The only thing keeping the them in power

was their control of the armywas their control of the army The Abbe Sieyes urges Napoleon to The Abbe Sieyes urges Napoleon to

seize political powerseize political power Napoleon puts a plan in motionNapoleon puts a plan in motion

Napoleon Takes ControlNapoleon Takes Control It began on November 9, 1799, when Napoleon It began on November 9, 1799, when Napoleon

was put in charge of the militarywas put in charge of the military It ended the next day when his troops drove It ended the next day when his troops drove

out the members of 1 chamber of the out the members of 1 chamber of the legislature, and then voted to dissolve the legislature, and then voted to dissolve the DirectoryDirectory

Napoleon assumes dictatorial powers as 1 of 3 Napoleon assumes dictatorial powers as 1 of 3 consulsconsuls

Sudden seize of power called a coup- french Sudden seize of power called a coup- french phrase coup d`e tatphrase coup d`e tat

Napoleon’s Coup d’ E`tatNapoleon’s Coup d’ E`tat

Europe at PeaceEurope at Peace France was still at warFrance was still at war 1799, British Diplomats assemble the Second 1799, British Diplomats assemble the Second

Coalition of anti-French powers- Britain, Austria Coalition of anti-French powers- Britain, Austria and Russia- with the goal of driving Napoleon and Russia- with the goal of driving Napoleon from powerfrom power

By 1802, as a result of war and diplomacy, all 3 By 1802, as a result of war and diplomacy, all 3 countries had signed peace agreements with countries had signed peace agreements with France and Europe was at peace for the first France and Europe was at peace for the first time in 10 years.time in 10 years.

Napoleon could now focus on restoring Napoleon could now focus on restoring FranceFrance

At first, he pretends to be the constitutionally At first, he pretends to be the constitutionally chosen leader, but in 1800, Napoleon holds a chosen leader, but in 1800, Napoleon holds a plebiscite (vote of the people) to approve a plebiscite (vote of the people) to approve a new constitutionnew constitution

This was the 4This was the 4thth constitution in 8 years constitution in 8 years French people are so desperate for strong French people are so desperate for strong

leadership, voted in favor for power to leadership, voted in favor for power to NapoleonNapoleon

Napoleon Brings Stability Napoleon Brings Stability and Orderand Order

To get economy stable- sets up tax collection To get economy stable- sets up tax collection and national bankand national bank

Dismissed corrupt officialsDismissed corrupt officials Set up lycees, government run public schools Set up lycees, government run public schools

to train officialsto train officials Signed concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius Signed concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius

VII, creating a new relationship between the VII, creating a new relationship between the Church and FranceChurch and France

Concordat gains Napoleon support from church Concordat gains Napoleon support from church and the Frenchand the French

Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code He was most proud of Napoleonic Code, gave He was most proud of Napoleonic Code, gave

France a uniform set of lawsFrance a uniform set of laws -eliminated many injustices-eliminated many injustices

-limited and promoted order and authority over -limited and promoted order and authority over individual rightsindividual rights-freedom of speech and press restricted, as -freedom of speech and press restricted, as well as women’s rightswell as women’s rights-restored slavery in French colonies in the -restored slavery in French colonies in the Caribbean where slavery had been abolishedCaribbean where slavery had been abolished

Napoleon Crowned as Napoleon Crowned as EmperorEmperor

In 1804, napoleon decided to make himself In 1804, napoleon decided to make himself emperoremperor

In a flashy ceremony, wearing a long robe, he In a flashy ceremony, wearing a long robe, he walked slowly down the aisle of the Notre walked slowly down the aisle of the Notre Dame Cathedral in ParisDame Cathedral in Paris

He takes the crown out of the pope’s hands, He takes the crown out of the pope’s hands, and puts it on his own headand puts it on his own head

This arrogant gesture showed Napoleon had This arrogant gesture showed Napoleon had more power than the churchmore power than the church

Napoleon taking the crown from the pope instead of Napoleon taking the crown from the pope instead of following tradition and allowing the Pope to crown himfollowing tradition and allowing the Pope to crown him

Napoleon Creates an Napoleon Creates an EmpireEmpire

Napoleon wants to create an empire and Napoleon wants to create an empire and control all of Europe and reassert French control all of Europe and reassert French power in the new world (Americas)power in the new world (Americas)

He envisions his western empire to include He envisions his western empire to include Florida, Louisiana and the French West IndiesFlorida, Louisiana and the French West Indies

To do this, he needs support from the French To do this, he needs support from the French colony St. Domingue (now Haiti)colony St. Domingue (now Haiti)

There’s a civil war going on in St. Domingue There’s a civil war going on in St. Domingue because slaves want their freedom back, along because slaves want their freedom back, along with the same privileges of French citizenswith the same privileges of French citizens

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase Napoleon sends over troops to get Napoleon sends over troops to get

control over the islandcontrol over the island Thousands of soldiers die from yellow Thousands of soldiers die from yellow

feverfever Napoleon realizes the long obstacle Napoleon realizes the long obstacle

facing him and doesn’t want the troublefacing him and doesn’t want the trouble He offers to sell all of the Louisiana He offers to sell all of the Louisiana

territory to the U.S.territory to the U.S.

In 1803, U.S. President, Thomas In 1803, U.S. President, Thomas Jefferson agrees to buy the territory Jefferson agrees to buy the territory for $15 million.for $15 million.

This benefited Napoleon 2 ways:This benefited Napoleon 2 ways:1) France gains money to finance 1) France gains money to finance operations in Europeoperations in Europe2) punished Britain by giving them 2) punished Britain by giving them another rival (the U.S.)another rival (the U.S.)

Napoleon Focuses on Napoleon Focuses on Conquering EuropeConquering Europe

Napoleon had already annexed the Napoleon had already annexed the Austrian Netherlands, parts of Italy and Austrian Netherlands, parts of Italy and set up a puppet government in set up a puppet government in SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Fearful of his ambitions, Britain Fearful of his ambitions, Britain persuaded Russia, Austria and Sweden persuaded Russia, Austria and Sweden to join a third coalition against Franceto join a third coalition against France

Napoleon has a series of brilliant battles Napoleon has a series of brilliant battles and crushes his oppositionand crushes his opposition

All rulers sign a peace treaty with France All rulers sign a peace treaty with France except Britainexcept Britain

Napoleon has the biggest empire since Napoleon has the biggest empire since the Romansthe Romans

The only threat is Britain’s NavyThe only threat is Britain’s Navy

Hey… Why do you think Britain needs to

have a strong Navy??

Yep- it’s an island and surrounded by water!

In his war against the third coalition, In his war against the third coalition, Napoleon lost just one major battle, the Napoleon lost just one major battle, the Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar

This naval defeat was more important This naval defeat was more important than all of Napoleon’s victories on landthan all of Napoleon’s victories on land

Battle took place in 1804 off coast of SpainBattle took place in 1804 off coast of Spain British admiral who defeated Napoleon in 1798 in British admiral who defeated Napoleon in 1798 in

charge of British fleetcharge of British fleet Nelson outmaneuvered the much bigger fleet of French-Nelson outmaneuvered the much bigger fleet of French-

Spanish fleetSpanish fleet Nelson was wounded by a French sharpshooter, but Nelson was wounded by a French sharpshooter, but

heard the news of defeating Napoleon once again heard the news of defeating Napoleon once again before he diedbefore he died

“ “Now I am satisfied,” whispered the admiral. “Thank God, Now I am satisfied,” whispered the admiral. “Thank God, I have done my duty”.I have done my duty”.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MByE02fB_lo&feature=autoplay&lishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MByE02fB_lo&feature=autoplay&list=PLC3488E34242AE32C&lf=results_video&playnext=2t=PLC3488E34242AE32C&lf=results_video&playnext=2

Napoleon vs. Nelson Napoleon vs. Nelson Round 2Round 2

Destruction of French fleets had 2 major Destruction of French fleets had 2 major results:results:1) assured supremacy of British navy for the 1) assured supremacy of British navy for the next hundred yearsnext hundred years2) Napoleon had to give up idea of invading 2) Napoleon had to give up idea of invading BritainBritain

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clS3Ekih7nE&fhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clS3Ekih7nE&feature=relatedeature=related

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s Empire By 1812, the only major European countries By 1812, the only major European countries

free from Napoleon’s control were Britain, free from Napoleon’s control were Britain, Ottoman Empire, Portugal and SwedenOttoman Empire, Portugal and Sweden

Other countries in Europe had rulers who were Other countries in Europe had rulers who were puppets of Napoleons, or even relatedpuppets of Napoleons, or even related

French Empire is huge, but unstable.French Empire is huge, but unstable. Napoleon was able to maintain the empire for Napoleon was able to maintain the empire for

just 5 years (1807-1812), but caused the just 5 years (1807-1812), but caused the collapse himself collapse himself