38
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT N'SS PROJECT NBS REPORT 0708-20-07560 December 31, 1959 669O Progress Report on THERMAL EXPANSION OF DENTURE BASE RESINS by Ruth M. Davenport* George Dickson** * Physical Science Aid, Dental Research Section, National Bureau of Standards. ** Physicist, Dental Research Section, National Bureau of Standards. This work is a part of the dental research program conduc- ted at the National Bureau of Standards in cooperation with the Council on Dental Research of the American Dental Association, the Army Dental Corps, the Dental Sciences Division of the School of Aviation Medicine, USAF, the Navy Dental Corps, and the Veterans Administration. IMPORTANT NOTICE NATIONAL BUREAU OF ST/ intended for use within the 1 to additional evaluation and r listing of this Report, either i the Office of the Director, Na however, by the Government to reproduce additional copie. Approved for public release by the director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on October 9, 2015 rogress accounting documents mally published it is subjected reproduction, or open-literature ion is obtained in writing from Such permission is not needed, prepared if that agency v/ishes U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    5

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORTN'SS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0708-20-07560 December 31, 1959 669O

Progress Report

on

THERMAL EXPANSION OF DENTURE BASE RESINS

by

Ruth M. Davenport*George Dickson**

* Physical Science Aid, Dental Research Section,National Bureau of Standards.

** Physicist, Dental Research Section, NationalBureau of Standards.

This work is a part of the dental research program conduc-ted at the National Bureau of Standards in cooperationwith the Council on Dental Research of the American DentalAssociation, the Army Dental Corps, the Dental SciencesDivision of the School of Aviation Medicine, USAF, theNavy Dental Corps, and the Veterans Administration.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF ST/

intended for use within the 1

to additional evaluation and r

listing of this Report, either i

the Office of the Director, Na

however, by the Government

to reproduce additional copie.

Approved for public release by the

director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015

rogress accounting documents

mally published it is subjected

reproduction, or open-literature

ion is obtained in writing from

Such permission is not needed,

prepared if that agency v/ishes

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Page 2: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS
Page 3: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

THERMAL EXPANSION OF DENTURE BASE RESINS

Abstract

Thermal expansion measurements were made on

eleven denture base materials and one sample of

commercial Lucite rod. Measurements were made

over a temperature range from approximately

20°C to 70°C ( 68° - 158°F) using the fused-

quartz tube apparatus. The materials were run

dry and then after having been stored in water

at either 37°C (98.6°F) or 68 °C (154. 4°F) for

several days, they were run wet. The dimensions

of the molded specimens were approximately 8

inches by 7/l6 inch by j/l6 inch. The results

show that coefficients of thermal expansion

of the methyl methacrylate denture base resins

over the 20°C (68 °F) to 70°C (158°F) range

averaged near the approximately 90 x 10~6 per

°C obtained for commercial Lucite rod . The

coefficients for vinyl copolymer, epoxy, and

styrene denture resins were approximately

10, 15 and 25 percent respectively below the

average for the methyl methacrylate materials.

Methyl methacrylate resins containing large

Page 4: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

;^

^'

.

- '::;

x-D ,el^ijsa- ,0rro i->o&_ 'Sie,BBr'^;pw^.r^ rrfeyai&e'.

easffi a'la'rr 3'itit#^n$‘TCii '<2’s>5M' .-bc*^ 9<#' f: ojj^;'

.

^i.0Of js:nv: X o^qqjri- mc>’?t1;v .rjjJt:s.^. b' %wq.•-^•' ‘ '

'

' .

'7 ’'•;,

.

j^.l .

irru<i s'jev7 e is-‘Z3J 3^idT' ^

. <; ijct.s^3,i^qqfe -sLSnBlJp.

‘Tsj^yf fti' iVf5'20J& rt“‘^cf 3^7\Ly£if/'iB34ls

' ^50'^ 'io L'i^’:dvS^ ;^b-

fi'O^^ni&mxh-,iiwd vfjil:"'-, X's'isV’c^'^"

/ 8. ‘v;,r^:'srrXX;o‘'iqq£ ana;^UtiXq[’»'Vi:;a.fr'

'dii’I' Xdqfa' di\^' 'ifcr c^ri-odl-

dsxcf ‘10

a®OT ,d:d.

'' ".

'’’- ''.'

'

,:•'

fcfiis X^IV 'kdI;

,,

, . ,y,

''/'''-:.

, ,

'''

-r ;‘?jix Hivi-^d-'tdq-:'^!!''.-' &'o.e b;I. .

,

' '

‘'..••A*' 'Jfl•

'' “

-,

Page 5: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-2 -

amounts of glass fiber had cofficients over

50 percent lower than the average of those

of the other methyl methacrylate resins.

Soaking in water at elevated temperatures for

several days raised the coefficients of meth-

acrylate materials by approximately 10 to 20

percent

.

1 . INTRODUCTION

In the field of dentistry, where dimensional accuracy

is essential, thermal expansion is a very Important prop-

erty. In spite of this, little information has been

published on the expansion of dental materials, particu-

larly those which have been developed during the past

ten years.

Some data are available on the expansion of the basic

components of the various denture base resins [1]; that

is, on methyl methacrylate, acrylics, styrenes, vinyls,

epoxys, and various copolymers but little has been done

to relate these values to dental materials as they appear

on the market. A search of the information provided with

the denture base materials studied disclosed that only

one listed thermal expansion among the physical properties

for which data were given.

This study was undertaken to obtain data on the

Page 6: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

:T0 v,o,

ss'oric} lo a^vf^^-isCe' ,ri«i'Trt;^'9;vol;’*

'.'

.

•>' '' '

,

'

,',.,

....

''/

'

-^0 e%£h •

OS orr -.OX

, jA'a^jn'oq

>toifouaoprpfx ,. .

v:t'.S*moos XBfio-isrtsiuib ©xedv; b.Is^'i-'-srif al

-qo-x-q ^n^.;trfoqfrrX 3^-, £l nc)ia.iXBqx9,

tX^^id-qu'Ss.s^

^

3Bd f3:l-ii;t, i.p' ..Q'.itUqa nl

,

tS:XB.£'i©ifirn 'Xp noXa'asqiXS &d;?-'xxp':'beridilciyq

•?36Q arid'^r:..vq.yb bs>qoi 3i?i?9b nsacf -avsxi rl’^-Xriw esPriJ • il'XJSi

, S‘:r.B 3 t^;.n.bd.

-plp^d' 3dX;'l0vfl0'iaPBqx.3 ’gad. .ap .:..9Xds:XXB-ii?i^^ 9‘is .BdBb/

I [.Li, en-t39'r asBd s'xjjjpaP ai^oiqav Q-fld to edTxan'oqmoo

- ;^6i\nXv po \si

3nob'Xiip.sd' BB/i'' ddd: \.axpcp<^9

-T£aqg-,6 \’;sdd bs-uIb.^ eaorld Ov'tBiP'i . od

ddXw.. add to-; dP^^M ' A . dgfai'^Bm Odd -no

v: '.np dBrf :!.' bsaoX 0'3i&" boXbvdpx eX^ifsadBii? ' siasd' OitpqpeSfOfid

BOXd'xbqaqg i'lsPXs^lq odd gnQ^B., ‘fiOien^ X£m*xodd . :b9da,iX,;.:.:pno'/d'' X '

''

'’

.

’ .'

.ne.y^.'lx e'sottf' sds-b xisXd# ibl.

,

' "^' "'

'd-

arid no adB.o dlBddo od ' do>iB.dq6bmi a^w f/bOdB BldT.

;:

Page 7: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-3-

linear thermal expansion of denture base resins between room

temperature and approximately 70°C (158°F).

2. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Included in the group of denture base materials studied

(Table l) were self-curing and heat-curing methyl meth-

acrylates^ filled methyl methacrylate, vinyl-acrylic co-

polymer, styrene, and epoxy resins. Measurements were

also made on one specimen of commercial Lucite rod. The

recommended methods of processing the denture base mate-

rials included Injection and compression molding, "dry"

and "wet" curing, and short and long curing cycles.

The fused quartz expansion apparatus (Figure l) was

essentially that described by Hidnert and Sweeney [2]

and later modified by Hidnert [3]. A water jacket sur-

rounding the fused quartz tube was used to control the

temperature of the specimens. Water at temperatures

from room temperature to 70°C was passed through the jacket

by means of a Precision Scientific Company circulating

water bath. Temperatures below room temperature were

obtained by passing tap water through cooling coils in

an ice bath and then through the water jacket.

3 . PROCEDURE

Most of the thermal expansion specimens were made

by mixing and curing the material according to the

Page 8: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

ffijowtracf hetkd:' Bnifiriel 'lesnl £

. 0-^Or -bri^

..

.:S-.

'

;: /..,> . ,

l£»jJ'.5 £l£; i ts'"m c>p&<i musmf) '\o ni \

-dcf'SP :gal'X^j:q'^l£ea.

(X

-GO r>iXv;‘ios^xV;n'X^>' .sdsiv^oBdcf^*^.: x^ritem bWXX:‘i

sctnyum^J'G.QBH . sa-xa^^-. .‘^x'oqs bnB

3dT Xbd‘f dbBm d^X,BV

^ Xsa«dd*iq Xg -sbGdqsf^ t>'£Sbd9iTitaod0"i

..^nitXI^iu noXsKe'xqmcG bsMoni;

. 80lG^o 3.10 i Grm-J'XGflC biiB ’^d^w"- bt*.&

SBW (i' G^iUcaX'd)' 3wXi5'TX<aqB noiBdBqK.q'

S

2^0:bo:g-^

'

I d ] das iv;d bGdXT:b a&5' '^IX 6l:£dd^;M^

-"fiia Xe^lDBt A .j;£)' #iGnoXH b«XX.I:bGrff d^'Xi?X qnB

9dX ,Xo^Xfiod Ok 'bsaw- sfiVJ dcf'ui ': bsau^, GdX/ SrfXb^w^

ae^BX.s^rqinsci' jB .eqsmXoeqs add -lo 3'ioc£B3dq«i0.^^^^

doMDBt, 3/id d?5kO'7riX boGG^q;^: aBW od' BdoXs'Xdqmd rniood

Ytts<|i^O: oilXdqsXoISjr^ s ,‘Xo

sdsW' o'lddBdaqmsvt: moG wGX,d:d-aodi^dm'G .

.ddad-^

ti± saXGG'-adlXooGikdlBQdiix qM.SMXqsd

,.:k • .ddllGst foda^ddfdXoGr^dB

,... .

-

' - ,a;Hija3ao^^^^^ x,, ,;.

GfeBfiT q'aG^^^^an&mXG^qq.^doXadBqxG,

XBm^xBddkq/idi- Xg depN X:^.

arf# Gd^.a^lXb'^q#, .^X*:iGG

Page 9: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-4-

manufacturers ' directions. One "unit" of material was

sufficient to mold a bar specimen 8 inches x 7/l6 inch

X 7/16 inch in the brass mold shown in Figure 2, The

mold, with overall dimensions of 9 1/2 inches x 3 1/2 inches

X 7/i 6 inch, was filled with resin, placed in a Carver

Press under a load of 5^000 pounds, and held there for

the length of time recommended to effect a cure. In

those cases where heat was needed, the press platens

were heated to the recommended temperature before the

mold was placed in position and then the whole assembly

was held at this temperature for the proper length of

time, usually 6 to 8 hours, after which the heat was

turned off and the specimen allowed to cool in the press

over night. The specimen was then removed from the mold,

the edges smoothed, and the length of the specimen

measured

.

The specimen of commercial rod was as received

except for length, and the specimen of Vernonite Gel

was cut from a block which had been cast at the Vernon-

Benshoff Company in 1948. The specimen of Jectron was

obtained from a local supply house and turned down to the

proper diameter, but it was approximately 2 inches shorter

than the rest of the specimens. Specimens were conditioned

at a temperature of 23° ± 1°C (73.4 ± 1.8°F) and relative

Page 10: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

'

' dor.J: r3l\T >' asd^i B ’m.d b fclOiTi ‘id-J idsit^

f BiAT .S .7i ri'^orlB bioM ads'id ado nl ri-Grti dlXT x

-eevdoal F x 3©don I’’£i\X 5

^'-'lo •anoiena’n|b d;J.lw ^bipirt

fr" -awiBS B ni bQOBiq <nl-8srr. dP,X.w b.alir'i bb-w ^donl i^I\? xf--.i '

,

_,

^ .’.„ ‘lo't ©«£Siicr bl.sfi bnB ^ a bnuoq .000 -o Mol b robrw -neBn^'

.i^ ni . s joolla M.bnBfamo.o9‘^. snlct "to nd§.fis£' 'sri^t-

A'"

.'a-n-9;tBXq aa©T:q s'rict ,MM9a bb'ai s^sdw -fsbsbo s^cri-S

^'.' 9’io'isd' s'lLiMisqmsq babilammoo-si 6;? 'S'lw

P" Yl'imsaaB sJoriw erlJ nsM bdB n;ol.XlQbq cfl .bBOsIq saiA? blbrn•W''

' lo dct;^r. 3 .r ‘i&qo'^q -ari:: jot alriX ds bXbd afivs.'

a£w Mari add doxdw T-aX/iB ^a'xqod 8 oi d ^liBvdu ^amlt

dUB'xq 9dj nl loob oP bewoIXa nsmiosqa. ©db bdB llo bemtoq

.Jjlom sdct lac^t hsyomB'x nedx asw Tisf^iiqoqb sdT . bds.ln lavo

i'iarnXp'sqa 9x1.: lo dd^jiiai ©dd bxia \b9d?ooxtia aagba bdX

,,b9'iJ.fSB9t'n

beviaoeT. bb asv, bod iBlopianmigo lo aarffibBqa 'sdT*

ioD sdidon^ieV Xo namxqsqa-' add dn£ .rid^nel riot dqbDxb,:

-ncri 9 9V' 9dJ'. dB feBo naad Md doidw. >loo£d s raodl„dwo sbw

aBW noTdPbt. Xo demiDqqxi ©dO?.- .8.^(?i n.t xdsqmO Idorianqa •

©rid od. i7VvOb bordibd bfiB- eqiJod yXqgqa ^XbogI' b xtio^xI bs.nJ;Bd.do

‘i^dqoda sqdoni ' YXedBitilxodQqB: ,3BW dX dud qiadamXb^ *:raqo«^q

b9noXd.tbnob 9ds:v/''"ad6mXqeq3 .anamloaqa ©rid do .daei ©dd nsdd

B^adBloq 'bdB: A'5-8xi' ± 4XbT>' O'^X ,±; °8S- ;to ©pcudB'iaqnisd' b ds’

'

. ;

’• »:

Page 11: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-5-

humidity of 50 ± 4 percent for at least 2 or 3 days prior

to being run in the thermal expansion apparatus.

To obtain thermal expansion data the specimen of

resin was placed in the fused-quartz tube and the quartz

plunger was placed on top of it. This assembly was then

inserted into the water jacket and the dial indicator

adjusted on the top of the quartz plunger. When the

temperature in the water jacket and the specimen had

reached the minimum desired (usually about 15 “C), initial

readings of the gauge and the thermometer were taken.

From this pointy the temperature was raised in approxi-

mately 10°C (i8°F) intervals to 49°C (120°F) and in

approximately 5°C (9'^F) intervals from 49°C to 70°C

(120° - 158°F). It was found that about 45 minutes

was a sufficient time to reach equilibrium at each

temperature as evidenced by cessation of movement of the

indicator. Readings of the dial indicator and the ther-

mometer in the water jacket were recorded at equilibrium,,

the temperature was raised to the next equilibrium

point and the process was continued until the top

temperature was reached. Temperature rise was controlled

by a thermoregulator in the circulating water bath.

After being heated the specimens were allowed to

cool down overnight in the apparatus and were run again.

Page 12: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

Ip 'tpjiT£l;02qa prid-:B:?,6i®^;rf0^l£a'nB^Xj© l-Bftneil# /rtl

.:: :

p'

Si'^aPp prU bPB' ?-<i'P'il'- i 'iil - tiippBX:q,; g

n;S^.;t''aBW -^XcritisagB: pXnT ^ jl /io qc:t',,po

.-,

>,;;':'

,

’ 'ioctBpibfU XBX&'pii!? PPB 'xsif.^w ;g!i;X o;Jrii ;bf'

nsdW s:t.^BUp Xo';,^oX;.- no' bpdppXbB

p4sd opnU'p.^q^^,

'fjfiB' ^ooBW 9,ci;t nX prijj^'.moqn’ipp

IaxJ?Xnl 4(-0”'di. /Jidda • tie'll E.»b'' srid bsdd^^»i

. X ©lew lyg^fticjuisricf edd bna ^edX; Xo a^fjXbsgi

-Xxb”fqqB ni sBw edd ^XnXoq aidX.mol'^i•

^

..'

,

'

'• '

.

' ""'"m

'

di driB (’^"^O'XxJ;

qd sXpvioinX (q®8'X.). O'^OX n^lPcrarfi

0° OT Q‘f 0°^^ flioiX ;, H XBVdednX ( b ) o» p sd smlxOiqqB

apjuniffi ?!' ,d;jodfi dfidd bnyol uBv; dl ,. ('*i“8<2X *0£I)^'?4. \iiS

,

noBp Xb fmjXod-MXppP noBod O'J ©mid drt9XJ>Xl‘Xw8 B daw

©fix yo doOiT.'pVQm lo. noXjB!?B9P Y,d baodeqxvp '8:6 odndBdpqmsv

-•’p/fd edd, bna lodBPiXvil XbXJ^ ©dd To e^nXbBdH .loXBoXbnX.

imoXidXX type jb bedrsobsi PievX Xe>Ioj3t, ladaw ©dd aX iPde/rioiTf

;^pX'^dXXX‘''P5i ii\ea add od, bsalBi aaw ©dPdBiqqmod srfd

qcd erq iXdmx baunidnop aaw pa&o.qiq edd; 5ns dnXoq

del X 01dr;

0

0 'gsw e«X r diudedeqaioT . bPdoBoi gBW s'XJj'dsieqiiXPd

.ddsd i;:>dBW ddd di loxsiw^edomied :; a Yd

• Od DpwoXXb eiovj ddqn:Xo%8'-9dd ;5eT^ BnX©d lOdtA

;

'

'" ''

'>V .,

''.

''3i

.nidi y'leW. ^^wdjsiBqqjs-''edd- Ml d'd^Xiiiov.O' nwdb Xdoo

Page 13: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-6 -

This was repeated at least once more. After the runs

described above had been completed, the specimens

were removed from the apparatus and allowed to remain

in air at a temperature of 23° ± 1°C (73.^ - 1.8°F) and

a relative humidity of ^0 ± h percent. Some time later

one specimen of each material (with one exception)

was conditioned in water at 37°C (98.6°F) or 68°C

(154.,4°F) for at least one week and then placed in

water in the quartz tube and the procedure described

above repeated. In addition to the above procedure

the specimen of Lucite was dried in an oven after

being run wet and was then re-run in the dry condition.

This specimen was weighed before and after conditioning

treatments in order to determine the change in water

content

.

Curves of the form y = a -i- bx -i- cx^ + dx^ were

fitted to the data by the method of least squares

using an IBM 704 computer. Figure 3 shows the calcu-

lated curves and experimental points for three runs

(dry) of Lucite. The computer provided values of y

corresponding to the selected values of x = 20, 27 ,

37^ and 70°C (68, 80.6, 98.6 and 158°F) from these

curves. From these values, coefficients of linear

Page 14: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

arfU'j 'iifaB©! a^vra'-triT

en^nuJlo.iaqa -©d;? t^feod'^r'i^iop: •«©•©# ©voq'b"' bacfi‘-iPa,9b

.n±Bn;9*t oP,t>©wbXIjS bns edit mod'X bevbmap ©'ipw

bns ('5®B. i'± A..:T') J

±' ®>;S.' *l5- ©ijad'Bdb'qtmeif' b tXA nX

Tr.9PB.L 'emJtP

.

pmbS ..aneo'i^.q ii- ± 6^ . ..gip-; Y';t X^n&ki.d-- , ev

f

'&

(;.noJtdq.Si>x9- ©no ;u1.tw) lBl7.3pBitt .Hob© Ip aexriipeqa'^eno

O'^Cp 10 ' lebsw' bedplilbnob .aaw

nJ: beoBlq'nedb bfiE 'Aesw. eao daBsI o.s lot

bsdXipaoD priLibppO'iq edct baa pcfiM sb'ijsup ,ed# ni* lattBK

s'-iubeDoiq . evoda add o^t xtp'iq.i;fer5;B nl "

'

rLedl's nevo OB ni belli: es'w sPio-uJ' lo^ nemioeqa edit

. noJrblbnb©’. "c’lb erij nl np-i-pi nsrli e.&w bns -lew gnbqd

gninoJidtbnpQ lectlB pa£ eiole'd bedalew saw hsm^etqa 'sldT'

' Tsd£v> at 'd^Wiio'" sri^ snimefe-O:, od ibbio nX adapffTXBQTd

^ ^ o ,;Sn&^noo

C '/ ' \ '

3^9,w "-Xb 4 4 >'.u 4,B - % mqo/i 9(iX Ip apyinp ,

.,

r

391.SJJPB j.ejsel 'id' fedddem ©xlX Epab edd

,

od bedd^l

-ifo'i'Bd'. •'©••dilf -av^ori's" " $,... 'leddqtnGP' POT --MSI na gidiaB

?;rtui QPi’dd '1C Ov'rtioa iBPdemXiBqx© bda;asvi^^

lo' psbX^y bpfcXyoyq ledugrfico ed'?' . sdiod^I lo (^ife)

.'VS'dQS apuiB'b dsdpelpg, pdd^^-p^'.snxbdoqaeiioo

eBddd./WoCE 'bnB' ,p,8§-

‘tjEsnIl -lo' sddBloil'idoo/ -seplav ,9sedd mpBif ' icy^/idp

' ",

. ,

.'

.

'' '^'' ".

‘ air .

'.' '

S' ‘,

''

;,

’fi?.'

'

Page 15: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-7-

thermal expansion from either 20°C (68°F) or 2J°C (80.6°F)

to 37°C (98.6°F), from 37°C (98.6°F) to 70°C (158°F) and from

either 20° or 27° to J0°C were calculated for each run.

Average coefficients for each specimen were then obtained

by averaging the values for two or more runs.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Average coefficients for all of the materials In

both "dry" and "wet" condition, are given In Table 2.

The curves shown In Figure 4 also show average "dry" ex-

pansion of all resins Included In this study. These

curves were obtained by averaging, for each material,

the ordinates of the calculated curves for the Individual

runs and converting the averages to percent change In

length

.

Reproducibility of the results for repeated runs of

the same specimen Is Indicated by the standard deviations

given In Table 2. Ip some Instances, results obtained

on the first run differed greatly from those obtained

on later runs. Such erratic results, which may be caused

by slight changes In position of the specimen during the

first heating In the apparatus, were eliminated from the

averages reported.

In comparison with other denture base materials, the

methyl methacrylates show slight higher average coefficients.

Page 16: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

, 'git «'>'-

( /Q§'V' 1’E‘vBBj) -0:^ nm'i '-I'•

.

'

'

'^

‘ ,!• ,' .. .y '

I '

,._

'.,

' 'V;.-',; '• ^'.V VV. ''

tins' :{r^$£) 0“i>¥i#S P°p’ov>'

.

'

-v",

_' ••,

.nu^. cioBQ- s?i3'W' ot . 'T^ *^0 ^3:^

fosnls^fdo -nsmlos^.a, ri.ise gl'neXo.l'lisoo

^ot sswIjBV g-d^ \,d

uoia?5t?gxa"aKA ,8x«ias£[a

n.t: 8l^ii:':):s.tBflr »i1:^ to XXb, ^ot sjrfoXoXtleoG 93150 -^vA

.2 bXcIsT .fiX nsvia .©.fiB. .^noidjtfejfioo "r/9V'>" hm d^od

-X9 4B^''-*>vb woria. oaiB- di sdugl'M; nd. nwoda ssv'^mo oriir

esodT.

s..tdd fii bob-uioni nniBe'i X-vS to doXsdBq

.iBXOsdBiTi noB9 oot tanlSBOovs Yd bt>.rtlBXdo 2$ydt;o

XatJbXvlbnx odd not oeviiio bedBi-uoIiSo arid lo soX^diboo add

nl b^fiBdo jHi^oosq od ^siddovB sdd anijoovnoo bna .amjo.

.ddaasl

to eddO b^ddoqso .dot adloaso odd to YdXiidlowbooqsH

snoldBlvsO D'XBbnSde erid Yd b^dspXbnl si nsmiDoqs Sirjja add

bsnXsdcip sdidsso., ^oeonsdonl orncs ql .2 eldsT nl ttOYig

pa.odd^ m YXdB90;3 be-tsttlb fjwo iadit' odd no

boejJBo, 9d Ysi« doXdw .bdXna'So XiouS ;anno dsisl 00

odd ^nidnb nsfii&eqs odd. to doddisoq nX 4d§Xl3,Yd’

arid raci'i'j bodB'niixiXX'd odow ^ad'XfidBqqb ©do ,./iX gi'jXdsdd ds'ii i

'

"' ,.; ','

,

'.

'

' . bddobgod ap^B'tsvjs

arid tSlBXqsdBM soscf drindnB|>. as>ddo rid^:

.. sdnsXoXttooo .93B3^,VB. 0d/%ld'-ddsXXe'' 'wdriQ ^9dBiYb^oBri5'@#vix4dlid

Page 17: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-8 -

The coefficients for vinyl-acrylic, epoxy, and styrene

resins were approximately 10, 15 and 25 percent lower, re-

spectively, than the average of the methyl methacrylate values.

Methyl methacrylate resins containing large amounts of glass

fiber as filler had coefficients 50 percent or more lower

than those of the other methacrylate materials.

Comparison of the thermal expansion values below

and above 37°C (98.6°F) shows that all of the materials,

with the exception of the glass-filled resins, have

higher coefficients of expansion at the higher tempera-

tures. Apparently, the effectiveness of the glass fibers

in restraining the expansion of the resin increases with

increasing temperature.

Soaking in water at elevated temperatures for

several days raised the coefficient of methyl methacrylate

resin by approximately l6 percent on the average. Co-

efficients of the other denture base resins were increased

to a lesser extent by the absorption of water. Table 3

shows the change in coefficient of thermal expansion of

the Lucite specimen as a result of change in water content.

Sufficient data have not been obtained to determine

whether or not the magnitude of the change in coefficient

can be related to the amount of water absorbed. Absorp-

tion of water while the thermal expansion measurements

Page 18: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

. DHs-iyu'-'i brsB av;o-“io .olJE^'iSl'js-lA^atv toI sdT

-9T ^t9WQ£ A2'''bnj3' 5X.-',.0'ii‘' ’Vii^'tf.sw.ixoT^qe ' ’©'ssw-^ sril^eT

esfjiBv 9:+Bj:T^.T0Bd.^‘3m- sdj "-.o aric? riBdi tYl^v.tdpsqs

Basis '

'to fictru/Gp.is 9STbC ?/• i:rt.tsrtftd6 anX's'^T '9ctBlY^o£ri'^g|a 'X'^daoM

.TS'WOl 9T0!f> TO Ctr590T6<i lofIXSOB &Sii TBii ll SB TSCUl

.Bl8£T9ctjGi:' oXslY/xOBdlera-. TSriXo 9d;t lo ’aaofi:^ nBi'i-?

woJwd 89wlBV rx-.U(t3qx3 IsmBdct BdX Xto noelTBqmoO

,ai.si-i9Jsnt srij lo .£ Is ' aworia O^’tE. ovodB 6ns

©VBri taniBST {iyXiJ"'i“3'^s,‘:s erid noI4q90x& sdX dXIw

-BTsq/necf Teiiaiii &d.t i&' no.tartsqx-9 "1.0 aTtn^iodllaoc

8T90I1 ssbXs arid Xo srlX .tlXnSTBqqA, . sBTUd'

ri.-tiw saaB^aoni: Oxld lo noIanBqxs sri'^t SiiinlfiTcTas'i qi

.BTUdBTsqmyd S^^XSBSTOXtX

Tol BeTUoBTaqiMBd csdsvylB :;tB TsdBw nl

odBlY'xsfidXsm lYdd'suxt lo dnsloll'isop fe&s.tBT SYBb. Xbt9'.’9s

- oO' ,-s.3B‘19Vjs, 3(tf no 'j.ie^oTsq dX Yl©XBn;ixoTqqB xd nlaSq

fcoa.sbTonX B-iew ar/XaaT -38ad 9Tw^nsb tbxI^o iu a^nolallie

f. BidsT .TadB-'.'/ io ao'XdqTosdB -sd-J Yd :iixBdX3,;T93a,9X b

,

od

;c- noXBnBqx;& IsniTqdd lo dnsXoillyoB nX, 9:id awoda

dnsdnoo tbXsw rri lo; 'XXBaeT b: bb .asmteqa aqXpijJ arid

9f(XrnTeSe|9^ 0'd byxtXs-iSo n.^e'd doB. ovBd; B.dBfo. d,a9X'>xn;isJ'S

ditsiai 11900, nX ssdBrro ed#-, lo^BbqdX^3B,l^, drtd ^ %0 Tony sdw

-qTOsefA ^ , bbdTaadB' sdd od,

bedBl^T ed nso

Bdd, ©XInS TodBvv lo' aoXd

Page 19: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-9-

were being made would produce an apparent increase in the

coefficient of thermal expansion. However, the amount of

water absorbed by the Lucite specimen as shown in Table 3

is too small to account for the Increased change in length

during heating according to data published by Sweeney [4]

which Indicates that absorption of 1 percent by weight

of water results in an increase in linear dimension of

0.23 percent. It is also evident that the increase in

coefficient is considerably greater than would be ex-

pected if the resin specimen and the absorbed water

expanded independently as a mixture of materials. The

average linear coefficient of expansion of water over the

range 20°C to 70°C (68°F to 158°P) is l40 x 10"^ per °C.

[5l. One percent by weight of water in a specimen

of resin with a coefficient of 90 x 10”^ could be expected

to Increase the coefficient of the mixture by approximately

-60.6 X 10 per °C above the expansion of the resin. The

values in Table 3 show that the increase in coefficient

is much greater than this. Water thus appears to increase

the expansion of the resin by some means other than the

thermal expansion of the water.

5. SUMMARY

The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of

methyl methacrylate denture base resins, over the range

Page 20: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

nt e£;B9‘tEOnl'' ,vjn9Tsqqa m. mupo'jq t^Luo^t p-ieiv

qo :tfTiUo«i{f; Qilvf' ^lay^wpH . rtolarfBqxs'

t $XcfBT flj. n>;orifc e&. 'nsmlosqa. s^t-ouJ Sflj y/i qaiBw

ri;^snfil nl beass-ionJ: Bdd' lo'X dnuodoE oJ II&|a oo:t^ ,el

[^] yd &3dai.i.-uJL'q sdjs'b .od.' 'Sn.Jt'babo.q'a‘ ;§hJid'^sd sniiqfc

yJ dnso'isq -i 'io, noidq’ioBdB d#rid a.Ojj'Bolbn-Jt 'ddid^

'io aQl-afi^?iTfJ:b aBsai t nJ: s 8 B&'xonl ns ni adlueea ‘ladBW: io

al jfit ^6rt;i ^aeblvb" oal£ sJ: dl .-d-nooasq f,P\0

~X9 ftd D.ruov; aarid ylda'isbianoo al . iaeloi'ilqoo

'

'Tsdaw bed‘ioads edd baa,; aemloeqa alaa-'i :sdJ l.t fosdbaq

aclT . oIsI'asdBjtl 'lo 0'3,'j.tdci:r;: a bb yX bsbaaqxa

arid qsvo ‘isdjsw -lo noriQnaqx& lo dnslol'n.soo 'bseaxill .. aaa^iavB

.0° -fsq -'''OI X 04iX al od '5^8d) O^Ot od O^OS egna^

nemXo^qe a nL T:9d£w '}q ddslev; yd dneo'isq onO- ,[c]

bsdosqxs -ad bXwoo '^"o.rx op Jo dqelolJJoQO s ditw Jd

yXsdjsinixoaqcrB yd aqvdxlni odd-.vdio daxSlDlllsbo qdd eaas'xonl :od

d d0dT .nlas^ dild 'iq aolertaqxe sdd ©voda D® /laq ' 01 x oXO

, ,dA9l..ll'1.90'0 , 0l daaaiaxil arid 'darid wo'ria p dIdsT nl aedlay,

©assTC-ortl od a^-aaqqs sudd qqdaW .alrid qacld qad 60^13 douni gl

9dd nadd '“terido arTaairr 9utoa yd alaad edd .lo nolanaqxs 9dd

l‘3:9dBv; sdd ’ld; nolenaqx^avlBm^^

5:YHAmoe.

.1,0 .qol'adBqXb lamq^dd lO; dfiBlodllBoo,, qdT'

93qax: dd.d, qavo ^s^l3^o: qaad' soiqdnsb adaiyqoaddsm .Cyndam

Page 21: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

-10 -

20°C to 70°C ( 68° - 158 °?) was approximately 86 x 10“^

per °C when conditioned at 50 percent relative humidity.

Coefficients for vinyl-acrylic, epoxy, and styrene resins

were approximately 10, 15 and 25 percent, respectively,

below the value for methyl methacrylate resins.. Glass

fiber-filled methyl methacrylate resins had coefficients

approximately 50 percent below unfilled resins. Absorp-

tion of water caused increased in the thermal expansion

coefficients of methyl methacrylate resins of approxi-

mately 10 to 20 percent and smaller increases in the

coefficients of the other denture base resins.

USCOMM-NBS-DC

Page 22: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

•;:jr.|*:® fi^m^X'i^Qoo ajs^rl Bnla'e^^ r" ^ ‘‘u»3^

-'q'l^sscfA ..erjlaa'i^'o^lXIln 3n^o^:s.sti 'Q.^

noleneqxe Ism'isxt^t srfcf -qX 'isstaw

- i'xo'iqql^o"

'

:9d:f ni-, . ps'^'q#,

•: W fl

Page 23: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

- 11 -

REPERENCES

1. Plastic Properties Chart. Modern Plastic Ency-clopedia. i960 Edition. Plastics Catalogue Corp.,New York, New York. Sept. (1959).

2. Hidnert, P. and Sweeney, W, T. Thermal expansionof magnesium and some of its alloys. BS J. Research1:771 ( 1928 ).

3 . Hldnert, P. Thermal expansion of magnesium andspme of its alloys. BS J, Research 14:523 (1935).

4. Vernonlte Workbench. Vol. 6, No, 3 March (1947).

5 . Smithsonian Physical Tables Ninth Revised Edition.The Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D. C.(1954).

Page 24: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS
Page 25: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

- 12 -*

TABLE 1

MATERIALS

MATERIAL TYPE OP RESIN MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR

Acralite-88 Methacrylate Acralite Co . ^ Inc.

Duraf low Methacrylate Product Research Laboratory,,Inc

.

Hydro-Cast Methacrylate Kay-See Dental Mfg. Co.

Vernonlte Gel Methacrylate Vernon-Benshoff Co.

Vernonite P.L. Methacrylate Vernon-benshoff Co.

Tilon Methacrylate Tlconium Dlv . of ConsolidatedMetal Products Corp.

Lucite Methacrylate E.I. duPont deNemours and Co.

Miracle 50 Methacrylate )

l4^ glass filled )

)

American ConsolidatedManufacturing Co.

Mystic 100 Methacrylate )

20-21^ glass filled)

Luxene-44 Vinyl-acrylic Luxene,, Inc.

Jectron Styrene Jectron Co.

Epoxolon Epoxy Surgident,, Ltd,

Page 26: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS
Page 27: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

AVERAGE

COEFFICIENTS

OF

LINEAR

THERMAL

EXPANSION

per

®C

-13

p -=t o OO -=i" CM CP CM G\ -4- o m (J\

• • • • • • • • 9 9 • • 9

CO rH 1—

i

(—

1

O (—

1

1—

1

11 o o 1—

1

o CM

o pO p

1

CU

o oo 1—

1

o CP OO p OO oo CP o m P po m • • • • • • • • • • • 3 CD

1 1—

1

C7^ CO CD o CD o m CM CP p I—

i

fH 0o O (A CJ\ CT\ O cn o oo p p p O OCM 1—

i

11

(—

i

0 •H•pp

• N pP CP [>- m UO (J\ CO CO CP CP o oo oo P 0

• • t • • 9 • 9 • • • • • 0 OCO 1—

1

iH rH o O CM 1—

1

1—

1

o rH ' rH 1—

1

cd

Eh o o’ CQ

O p cd

o 1 oc CM CM m G\ G\ CM pH CM a^ oo p S'ir-

1

o • « • • • • 9 9 • • • • 0)1—

1

CD o O OO o i—

1

o\ p CM CM in m c;

t>- X 11 o o CJ\ 1—

1

cr\ 1—

1

OO oo CO P p 3 0)

00 11

1—

1

1—

1

rH rH p s

pH

• o« O (D

P CP oo CD CM CO o CO CM oo CD OO CM ft• • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 CQ

CO o 1—

1

1—

1

o I—

1

o f 11—

1

1—

!

rH _ OmH

o m •HO MO * 0

1 (T\ CP o o oo in 00 OO p CM oo o cd pon o • • • 9 • • • • • 9 • ft

1 1—

1

CO CP CO CP CM CM CP CM o\ P oo X •V

o X CTn CP CP CP cn CP cn CO CD p (U OCM CQ

rH 1 1

cd Cd

P CP o CO 1—

1

CM CO CP CM OC CO in 1

S• • • • • 9 • t • • * • u • «

CO o rH CM o CM 11 o )

1 CM o o oo (U oc* o

o p pO p CMo 1 (J\ cr\ CP IP P CM oo P CM CD p CO uo • • • • • 9 • • • « 9 • o 6

1 1—

1

1—

1

11 CP CM OO cr> fH CO CM p O •

o X CJc CP CP p cn CP CP OO p CD P UCM o P cd

O pp

P LA in CP CD CP CO 1—

1

o CP 11 0 (U (D

o CD P 0CO 1—

1

)—

1

oo o OO pH CM rH 11 OO ft cd o

CO>H o 1 3 Ppc; 0 p o O Pp o 1 P )—

1

1—

1

-=t -=t iH CO CM CO o (—

1

P 01^ o • • • • • • • • • • • 9 cd o

I 1 1—

1

CO 1—

1

iH m m oo cn in CM CO X o •

ir- X (JC CP CP o\ CP OC oo oo CO CO P u 0ro CU o

0 PO•rl

Po (U p

o\ oo G\ p p 1—

1

CO m CO s o cd• • « • • • • • • • • 9 • p <u p

CO o o o o O o o CM o o CM rH O CQ >CO c 3 S PO p O rHo- 1 D-- CP CM in OO o CO m m O CM •H cd 0 poo o % • • • « • • • • t 9 9 p f> P U

1 1—

1

OO (—

1

IP oo p cn CM m CM m 1—

(

cn o cdo X CP CP p p CP p CP CO CD CD CU <D pCM 0 CQ 0

c.CL) cd

P• O £!(—

1

o Eh COo •

CP CO p~>

P CP p o o • •

< 1' w 0) (U m o w •H D td p p rH -=t c: Eh p

pc; P o o p •H d) 1 C O o •

w •H rH I c c 0) rH o o O rH s * COEh fH p o o O c p o •H C L O< cd cd u c c o •H <d p (U , P Xs u Sh T3 u u rH o w X o O

o 3 >1 <u cu •H 3 P >5 3 CU Oh<c -O-..a . H

Page 28: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS
Page 29: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

- 14 -

table 3

EFFECT OF WATER SORPTIONON THE COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

OF A SPECIMEN OF LUCITE

Conditioningof Specimen

Specimen WeightConditioned

CumulativeWeight Change

Coefficient( 20 -70 °C)

grams X 10-6

In evacuated dessicatorwith- Drierite for 5 mos. 47.322 — —In air during 4 runs 47.328 0.01 89.6

In water at 65 ®Cfor 11 days 47.932 1.29 —

In water during 3 runs 47.947 lo32 105.3

In oven at approximately70 °C for 10 days 47.401 0.17 —

In air during 3 runs ^ 89.0

In air at 23 °C and 50^R.H. for 11 mos.

:

47.416 0.20 —

Page 30: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS
Page 31: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

D!AL INDJCATOR

CIRCULATING WATER BATH

QUARTZ PLUNGER

WATER JACKET —THERMOREGULATOR

1. Fused quartz thermal expansion apparatus and circulating

water bath.

Page 32: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

1i

Page 33: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

MOLD

FOR

THERMAL

EXPANSION

SPECIMENS

c C c

CO OJ OJCO\ \z

o Q 8

o>1

roCO O ..

zLiJ

2o»

Jo.

o>c oQ <D

_l0)X

c

OLUQ_C/>

00

jC •»^ JZ.Of»

C T7

-J ^ X

x:O'

Figure

2.

Brass

mold

in

which

thermal

expansion

specimens

were

made

.

Page 34: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS
Page 35: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

lO

Oo

yjcrz>h-<a:LJQ.

ijj

h*

H19N3H NJ 39NVH0

Figure

3.

Calculated

thermal

expansion

curves

and

experimental

points

for

three

runs

of

a

Luclte

specimen

after

drying

In

oven

at

70°C

for

10

days

(see

Table

3).

The

curves

have

been

plotted

from

different

Initial

points

to

avoid

overlapping.

Page 36: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS
Page 37: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS

CHANGE

IN

LENGTH

Figure 4 . Average thermal expansion curves for all materials in"dry" condition.

Page 38: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT N'SSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0708-20-07560 December31,1959 669O ProgressReport on THERMALEXPANSIONOFDENTUREBASERESINS