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National Nuclear Security Administration Update Presented to: NAS Meeting of the Board on Physics and Astronomy By: Dr. Christopher J. Keane Assistant Deputy Administrator for Inertial Confinement Fusion and the NIF Project National Nuclear Security Administration April 27, 2007

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Page 1: National Nuclear Security Administration Updatesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/bpasite/... · 2 Summary points • The nuclear weapon complex is undergoing major changes (Complex

National Nuclear Security Administration Update

Presented to:NAS Meeting of the Board on

Physics and Astronomy

By:Dr. Christopher J. Keane

Assistant Deputy Administrator for Inertial Confinement Fusion and the NIF Project

National Nuclear Security Administration

April 27, 2007

Page 2: National Nuclear Security Administration Updatesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/bpasite/... · 2 Summary points • The nuclear weapon complex is undergoing major changes (Complex

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Summary points

• The nuclear weapon complex is undergoing major changes (Complex 2030)

• Inertial fusion and high energy density physics is a key elementof stockpile stewardship- HEDLP experiments provide integrated test of advanced simulation codes

• Highest priority for ICF is NIF completion and execution of ignition experiments starting in FY2010

• Program is entering a scientific “golden age” with completion of ZR (2007), OMEGA EP (2008), and NIF (2009)

• NNSA/SC Joint Program in Laboratory High Energy Density Plasmas created to steward HEDLP within DOE

• NNSA is in process of implementing policy to run major facilities as “user facilities”

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ICF and High Yield CampaignStrategic Objectives

1. Achieve ignition in the laboratory and develop it as a scientific tool for stockpile stewardship.

2. Execute high energy density weapons physics experiments in support of stockpile stewardship in collaboration with other NNSA campaigns.

3. Develop advanced concepts that support the long-term needs of stockpile stewardship.

4. Steward the field of high energy density laboratory plasma physics (via joint program with DOE Office of Science).

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The National Ignition Facility concentratesthe energy in a football stadium-sized

facility into a cubic millimeter

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The plan for use of NIF calls for first ignition experiments in FY 2010

(IR) (UV)

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Cluster 3 Complete energy 900kJ 01/07

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NIF is meeting its Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) Production and Installation Schedule

3,182 Line Replaceable Units (51%) were installed by December 31, 2006

Fiscal year

Line Replaceable

Units installed

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

Cumulative Planned Units Installed

Cumulative Actual Units Installed

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09

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National Ignition Campaign: Progress towards an integrated ignition target

• Complete Be shell capsule characterization capability

• Demonstrate scientific prototype ignition capsules (Be and plastic)

Uniform micro-structure NIC Be shell

Hohlraum thermomechanical assembly

Ice meetsroughnessspec.

Ice roughness0.5 µm

DT layer, plastic shell ,OMEGA

Backup Slide 61

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Recent Progresson the Z Refurbishment Project

December 2006July 2006 September 2006

January 15, 2007

(dismantlement completed)(last shot)

(tank modifications completed)

(tank painting completed)

• Z has been dismantled

• Major tank modifications are complete

• Component installation began in January 2007

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OMEGA EP Laser Bay photo shows recent beamline progress

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Previous Reports on HEDP

A number of reports sponsored by the Federal government in recent years have presented

– Technical advances relevant to HEDP,

– Emerging scientific opportunities, and

– Recommendations for enabling further progress.

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2004 Davidson report provided the starting point for the HEDP Interagency Task Force

The interagency Task Force on HEDP (TF-HEDP) was chartered by the Interagency Working Group on the Physics of the Universe (IWG-POU) under the Committee on Science in the National Science and Technology Council to

– respond to a community-based report (Frontiers for Discovery in HEDP) previously commissioned by the IWG-POU, and

– recommend specific steps needed to move forward on the scientific opportunities identified in HEDP.

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Interagency Task Force on HEDP: Chair/Members

Co-Chairs: C. Keane (DOE/NNSA- ICF/NIF)D. Kovar (DOE/SC/Nuclear Physics)

Exec. Secretary: F. Thio (DOE/SC/Office of Fusion Energy Sciences)

Members: OSTP (R. Dimeo, J. Morse, K. Beers)DOD (S. Ossakow)DOE/NNSA (R. Schneider, C. Deeney, A. Hauer)DOE/SC/Basic Energy Sciences (E. Rolfing, M. Casassa)DOE/SC/Nuclear Physics (J. Simon-Gillo)DOE/SC/High Energy Physics (R. Staffin, L.K. Len)NASA (M. Salamon)NIST (J. Gillaspy, T. Lucatorto)NSF (J. Dehmer)

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Davidson 2004 report defined 15 “scientific thrust areas”

• Thrust areas touch upon many well-established fields of science, such as atomic physics, nuclear physics, plasma physics, high energy physics, astrophysics, materials science, and laser science.

Inertial fusion fast ignition:15

Compact high energy particle acceleration:14

Ultrafast, high peak-power x-rays:13

Attosecond physics:12

Laser excitation of matter at the relativistic extreme:

11

Inertial confinement fusion:10

Radiative hydrodynamics:9

Compressible dynamics:8

Materials properties:7

Characterization of quark-gluon plasmas:6

HED physics with ultrarelativistic electron beams:5

Heavy ion driven HEDP and fusion:4

Laboratory astrophysics:3

Fundamental physics of HED astrophysical phenomena:

2

Astrophysical phenomena:1

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Davidson research thrusts may beplaced into 4 categories

11. Laser excitation of matter at the relativistic extreme12. Attosecond physics13. Ultrafast, high peak-power x-rays14. Compact high energy particle acceleration

Ultrafast, Ultraintense Laser Science

3. Laboratory astrophysics4. Heavy ion driven HEDP and fusion5. HED physics with ultrarelativistic electron beams7. Materials properties8. Compressible dynamics9. Radiative hydrodynamics10. Inertial confinement fusion15. Inertial fusion fast ignition

High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas

6. Characterization of quark-gluon plasmasHigh Energy Density Nuclear Physics

1. Astrophysical phenomena2. Fundamental physics of HED astrophysical phenomena

Astrophysics

Research thrust area(s) from the Frontiers for Discovery in HEDP reportFederal Research Category

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Key DOE finding: stewardship of HEDLP needs to be improved

• Compelling scientific questions are clearly identified and prioritized (workshop process)

• Solicitations exist with adequate funding from clearly defined agency leads

• User facilities are established with program advisory committee process used to allocate time

• Facility user groups are active• Federal advisory committees or other groups set

strategic direction and build technical consensus on opportunities and priorities

• Scientific excitement is publicly visible

What characterizes a “well-stewarded” area of science?

Page 17: National Nuclear Security Administration Updatesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/bpasite/... · 2 Summary points • The nuclear weapon complex is undergoing major changes (Complex

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DOE has taken action to improve stewardship of HEDLP

• Joint Program in Laboratory HEDP announced 2/5/07 (FY08 Congressional budget submission)

• Oversight of HEDLP now a joint NNSA/SC responsibility

• Key actions– Workshops– Joint solicitations– Establishment of federal advisory committee– Implementation of facility user programs– Strategic plan for HEDP

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Joint Program in High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas

• NNSA and Office of Science (OFES) have established a joint program in high energy density laboratory plasmas

• Purpose is to steward effectively this emerging field within DOE while maintaining the interdisciplinary nature of this area of science

• Program includes individual investigators, research centers activities, and user programs (National Laser User Facility program)

• Other agencies may join in the future (NSF, NASA)

NNSA

1,613

10,743

Office of Science (OFES)2,840

1,255

8,186

Total 24,637Heavy Ion Science

High Mach Number Plasma Jets / Dense Plasmas in Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields

Dollars in Thousands

User Facility Programs (fund via ICF Campaign)

Individual Investigators, Center Research, Grants & Fellowships

(fund via Science & ICF Campaigns)

Fast Ignition

12,356

12,281

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Laser heated diamond anvil cell

Terascale simulations and experiments have discovered “superionic” (non-molecular) water

Pressures of 500 kbarand temperatures

of 1500 K were achieved.

Pressures of 500 kbarand temperatures

of 1500 K were achieved.

Raman spectroscopy First principles molecular dynamics

ProbeLaser Heating

Gasket

Sample

CouplerAl2O3 plates Raman Shift (cm-1)

-1000 0 1000 2000 3000

Ram

an In

tens

ity (a

rb. u

nits

)

1200 K

850 K

300 K

28 GPa

(a) H2O

Phonon

Stokes

O-H stretch

Antistokes

We found a loss of molecular character with

increasing pressure.

We found a loss of molecular character with

increasing pressure.

Simulations predict a non-molecular phase

over 40 GPa, in agreementwith experiment.

Simulations predict a non-molecular phase

over 40 GPa, in agreementwith experiment.

Goncharov, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, 125508(2005).Goldman, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, 217801(2005).

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NIF will be able to create and characterize a wide range of high - (P, ρ) states of matter found in the interiors of planets

Fundamental questions in planetary formation models can be addressed on NIF

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[Saumon et al., ApSS 298, 135 (2005); Collins et al., Science 281, 1178 (1998); Knudson et al., PRL 90, 035505 (2003)]

Experiments on the EOS of shocked hydrogen at ~ 1 Mbar pressures start to replicate the extreme

conditions found in the interiors of Jupiter and SaturnP

ress

ure

(M

bar

)

• Models of hydrogen EOS are tested against shock data at 0.1-2 Mbar pressures• When applied to the Jupiter adiabat, there are large differences in compression at 3-20 Mbar

Novalaser

Z

Gas gun

HE

Compression, ρ/ρ0 Log P (Mbar)

Lo

g ρ

(g/c

m3 )

∆ lo

g ρ

(g/c

m3 )

P vs. ρ/ρ0 for singly shocked D2

ρ, ∆ρ/ρ of hydrogen along the Jupiter adiabat

Differences in compression

2

1.5

1

0.5

02 4 6

1

0

-1

-2

-3

-4-6 -4 -2 0 2

0.1

0

-0.1

Page 22: National Nuclear Security Administration Updatesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/bpasite/... · 2 Summary points • The nuclear weapon complex is undergoing major changes (Complex

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When the various models of the EOS of hydrogen are applied to the interiors of Jupiter

and Saturn, surprising results occur

• Based on the uncertainties, Jupiter and Saturn could be formed by different processes!• The hydrogen EOS is the largest source of uncertainty in the interior models of Jupiter• Need to have EOS measurements closer to the Jupiter adiabat at pressures of 3-20 Mbar • NIF could play a key role in making these high pressure, nearly adiabatic msmts of D2 EOS

[Saumon & Guillot, Ap.J. 609, 1170 (2004)]

Jupiter interior Saturn interior

Disk instability model? Core accretion model?

20

15

10

5

00 10 20 30 40

30

25

20

15

10

5

00 2 4 6 8 10 12

Mc

ore

/ME

arth

Mc

ore

/ME

arth

MZ/MEarth MZ/MEarth

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1990 2000 20100.001

0.01

0.1

1.0

10

100

1000

Peak

Ter

aflo

psWeapons Physics Simulations

Evolution of Dimensionality and Programming Model

Leg

acy

Sim

ulat

ion

ASC

Ear

ly

Sim

ulat

ion

3D R

outin

e Si

mul

atio

ns3D

Ent

ry L

evel

Sim

ulat

ion

ASCI

Moore’s Law Increase

(Historical)

Red @ SNL

MassivelyParallelVector

Blue Mountain @ LANL

Blue Pacific @ LLNL

White @ LLNL

Q @ LANL

Purple @ LLNL

ASC

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Simulation of Effects of Multi-junctions on the Strength of Crystalline Materials

• Parallel Dislocation Simulator (ParaDiS) analysis tool allows prediction of strength of materials under dynamic loading conditions.

• Promises to close the computational performance gap that prevents scientists from understanding the fundamental nature of material strengthening (or hardening).

• Simulation of molybdenum crystal under strain shows formation of dislocation junctions (white lines) which grow into larger sub-networks which ultimately raise the overall rate of strain hardening.

• Existence of multi-junctions was first discovered using ParaDiS and later verified by transmission electron microscopy.

Code team: A. Arsenlis, V. Bulatov, W. Cai, M. Hiratani, G. Hommes, T. Oppelstrup, T. Pierce, M. Rhee, M. TangVisualization: R. Cook and M. Tang.