Nationalism Around The Nationalism Around The WorldWorld

Mr. ErmerMr. Ermer

World History HonorsWorld History Honors

Miami Beach Senior HighMiami Beach Senior High

Ottoman DeclineOttoman Decline

Through 1800s, the Ottoman Empire Through 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was in slow declinewas in slow decline Europeans called it “the sick man of Europeans called it “the sick man of

Europe”Europe” Steadily lost territory in N. Africa to Fr & UKSteadily lost territory in N. Africa to Fr & UK

Sultan Abdulhamid II is authoritarianSultan Abdulhamid II is authoritarian Suspends constitution and legislatureSuspends constitution and legislature

Young Turks, force restoration in 1908Young Turks, force restoration in 1908 Non-Ottoman Turks want Turkish nationNon-Ottoman Turks want Turkish nation

Ottoman CollapseOttoman Collapse

Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers in Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers in First World WarFirst World War

1915: Armenian 1915: Armenian genocidegenocide Turks kill over 1 million ArmeniansTurks kill over 1 million Armenians

T. E. Lawrence pushes Arab T. E. Lawrence pushes Arab independenceindependence

British troops seize PalestineBritish troops seize Palestine Ottomans surrender in 1918, kill more Ottomans surrender in 1918, kill more

ArmeniansArmenians

The Turkish RepublicThe Turkish Republic

After WWI, France and Britain split After WWI, France and Britain split M.E.M.E.

Greece invades Turkey, Col. Mustafa Greece invades Turkey, Col. Mustafa Kemal takes land back, est. republicKemal takes land back, est. republic

Kemal is known as Kemal Kemal is known as Kemal AtaturkAtaturk Ataturk modernizes and secularizes Ataturk modernizes and secularizes

societysociety Abolishes the caliphate in 1924Abolishes the caliphate in 1924

Rise of Modern IranRise of Modern Iran

Qajar Dynasty in Persia needs help of Qajar Dynasty in Persia needs help of British and Russians to stay in powerBritish and Russians to stay in power

British discover oil in Persia in 1908British discover oil in Persia in 1908 Most profits go to British oil companiesMost profits go to British oil companies

1921: Reza Khan takes capital city: 1921: Reza Khan takes capital city: TehranTehran

1925: Khan est. himself as “1925: Khan est. himself as “shahshah” (king)” (king) Reza Shah Pahlavi makes reforms like Reza Shah Pahlavi makes reforms like

Ataturk and renames country IranAtaturk and renames country Iran

Arab NationalismArab Nationalism

France and Britain split territory in M.EastFrance and Britain split territory in M.East Britain: Iraq, Palestine and JordanBritain: Iraq, Palestine and Jordan France: Syria and LebanonFrance: Syria and Lebanon

France and Britain draw the bordersFrance and Britain draw the borders Ibn SaudIbn Saud unites Arabs in Arabian Desert unites Arabs in Arabian Desert

Est. Kingdom of Est. Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia American oil companies find oil in Saudi American oil companies find oil in Saudi

Arabia, kingdom becomes rich over nightArabia, kingdom becomes rich over night

PalestinePalestine

Jews left area as exiles in first century ADJews left area as exiles in first century AD Muslim Arabs=80% of populationMuslim Arabs=80% of population

Both Jews and Arabs want area as ownBoth Jews and Arabs want area as own 1890s: Zionist (Israel) movement begins1890s: Zionist (Israel) movement begins Balfour Declaration: Britain supports a Balfour Declaration: Britain supports a

Jewish state in PalestineJewish state in Palestine Many Jews begin to move to PalestineMany Jews begin to move to Palestine 1939: Britain tries to control flow of Jews 1939: Britain tries to control flow of Jews

to Palestine, tensions increase in areato Palestine, tensions increase in area

African NationalismAfrican Nationalism

WWI: Africans fight in French and British WWI: Africans fight in French and British armyarmy

German colonies go to France and BritainGerman colonies go to France and Britain Africans had hoped for independenceAfricans had hoped for independence

Nationalist movements start in Kenya, Nationalist movements start in Kenya, spread throughout Africaspread throughout Africa

Reforms madeReforms made African-Americans voice concernAfrican-Americans voice concern Pan-Africanism, Pan-Africanism, call for Africans to unitecall for Africans to unite

Indian IndependenceIndian Independence Before WWI, Before WWI, Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi is active in is active in

Indian Self-Rule MovementIndian Self-Rule Movement Called Called MahatmaMahatma, or “Great Soul”, or “Great Soul”

Used Used civil disobediencecivil disobedience to reach goal to reach goal Indian National Congress fights for freedomIndian National Congress fights for freedom

Motilal Nehru is leader of INCMotilal Nehru is leader of INC Gandhi=Hindu, traditional, IndianGandhi=Hindu, traditional, Indian Nehru=Secular, modern, WesternNehru=Secular, modern, Western Tension between Muslims and HindusTension between Muslims and Hindus With independence, territory splits in two:With independence, territory splits in two:

India=Hindu homelandIndia=Hindu homeland Pakistan=“land of the pure” is Muslim homelandPakistan=“land of the pure” is Muslim homeland

The Rise of JapanThe Rise of Japan Japan modernizes under order of Japan modernizes under order of

emperoremperor Spends heavily to industrialize and Spends heavily to industrialize and

build a modern military war machinebuild a modern military war machine Japan conquers Formosa, Korea and Japan conquers Formosa, Korea and

Manchuria (Northeast China)Manchuria (Northeast China) Military gains control of the Military gains control of the

governmentgovernment

Revolution In ChinaRevolution In China

Nationalist Party: Democracy, Nationalist Party: Democracy, Sun Yat-Sun Yat-sensen

Communist Party: 1921 Communist Party: 1921 ShanghaiShanghai Two groups join to fight old warlords, and Two groups join to fight old warlords, and

western powers in Chinawestern powers in China 1925: Sun Yat-sen dies, replaced by 1925: Sun Yat-sen dies, replaced by

Chian Kai-shek, Chian Kai-shek, attacks Communistsattacks Communists Communists go into hiding, Communist Communists go into hiding, Communist

leader leader Mao ZedongMao Zedong rallies support of the rallies support of the poor in the countrysidepoor in the countryside

The Long MarchThe Long March

1931: Chiang Kai-shek drives 1931: Chiang Kai-shek drives Communists out of all cities, out to Communists out of all cities, out to countryside with Maocountryside with Mao

Mao fights back with Mao fights back with guerrilla tacticsguerrilla tactics 1934: Mao’s 1934: Mao’s People’s Liberation People’s Liberation

Army (PLA) Army (PLA) breaks through Nationalist breaks through Nationalist lines and starts 6,000 mile march to the lines and starts 6,000 mile march to the last Communist base in NW Chinalast Communist base in NW China Of 90,000 troops that started the march, Of 90,000 troops that started the march,

only 9,000 survivedonly 9,000 survived

The New ChinaThe New China

Promised to stick to Sun Yat-sen’s Promised to stick to Sun Yat-sen’s dream of a republic, but first a dream of a republic, but first a transition periodtransition period Train/Educate workers, carry out land Train/Educate workers, carry out land

reforms and modernize industryreforms and modernize industry New Life Movement:New Life Movement: bring western bring western

and modern values together with and modern values together with traditional Chinese philosophytraditional Chinese philosophy

Fear of Communism made the Fear of Communism made the government in Nanjing repressivegovernment in Nanjing repressive

The AmericasThe Americas

Many Latin American countries rely on one Many Latin American countries rely on one or two exports for whole economyor two exports for whole economy

U.S. replaces Britain as main investorU.S. replaces Britain as main investor American companies make most $American companies make most $

Many Latin Americans angry at U.S. controlMany Latin Americans angry at U.S. control U.S. money keeps “friendly” dictators in pwrU.S. money keeps “friendly” dictators in pwr 1933: FDR issues 1933: FDR issues Good Neighbor PolicyGood Neighbor Policy

1934: No American soldiers in L.A. for first time1934: No American soldiers in L.A. for first time

Depression & AuthoritarianismDepression & Authoritarianism

The Great Depression=disasterThe Great Depression=disaster Governments push for industrializationGovernments push for industrialization Small groups of rich control countries Small groups of rich control countries

as an as an OligarchyOligarchy As governments take control of new As governments take control of new

industries, greedy people enter industries, greedy people enter politics and establish authoritarian politics and establish authoritarian governmentsgovernments

Chapter 23 AssessmentChapter 23 Assessment

On page 476, write and answer On page 476, write and answer questions 1-10questions 1-10