American System:American System:– Henry Clay’s planHenry Clay’s plan

• To To make economy self-make economy self-sufficientsufficient

•1.) Tariff1.) Tariff– Protect American business Protect American business

from foreign competitionfrom foreign competition•2.) National bank2.) National bank

– Promote a single national a single national currency currency

• (Most regional banks issued (Most regional banks issued their own $)their own $)

•3.) Internal improvements3.) Internal improvements– Government funded

projects– TransportationTransportation

1806 – Congress (supported by John C. Calhoun) funded a road from

Cumberland, MD to Wheeling,VA

Created a National Road which became the country’s main east-west route, extended to Vandalia, IL

1825 – 1850 often referred to as the Age of CanalsAge of Canals

Erie Canal - Erie Canal - created a water route water route from NYC to Buffalo, NY in 1825from NYC to Buffalo, NY in 1825

Connected the Ohio Valley & Great Lakes Connected the Ohio Valley & Great Lakes region to settlement and traderegion to settlement and trade

Allowed farmers in these regions to flow east & people/manufactured goods to go west

By 1830, N.Y.C. had a population of over 200,000

• Development began in the 1830’s

• 3,000 miles of railroad in 1840

• 31,000 miles 31,000 miles of railroad by of railroad by 18601860

• Played an important role important role in in industrializatioindustrialization & n & urbanizationurbanization

Top Urban Places: 1830  1 New York city, NY .....202, 5892 Baltimore city, MD..... 80,620 3 Philadelphia city, PA . 80,462 4 Boston city, MA ....... 61,3925 New Orleans city, LA .. 46,082 6 Charleston city, SC.... 30,289 8 Cincinnati city, OH.... 24,831 9 Albany city, NY........ 24,209  11 Washington city, DC ...18,826 12 Providence town, RI ... 16,833 13 Richmond city, VA...... 16,060 17 Pittsburgh city, PA ... 12,568 18 Brooklyn town, NY .....12,406  22 Louisville city, KY.. 10,341 27 Buffalo town, NY .... 8,668  37 Savannah city, GA.... 7,303  43 Lowell town, MA...... 6,47446 Cambridge town, MA... 6,072 (Suburb of Boston)48 Lexington town, KY... 6,02650 Nashville city, TN... 5,566 57 St. Louis city, MO... 4,977

Top Urban Places: 1930  1 New York city, NY ...... 6,930,4462 Chicago city, IL......... 3,376,438 3 Philadelphia city, PA.... 1,950,961 4 Detroit city, MI......... 1,568,662 5 Los Angeles city, CA..... 1,238,048 6 Cleveland city, OH....... 900,429 7 St. Louis city, MO....... 821,960 8 Baltimore city, MD....... 804,874 9 Boston city, MA.......... 781,188 10 Pittsburgh city, PA...... 669,817

11 San Francisco city, CA... 34,394 12 Milwaukee city, WI....... 578,249 13 Buffalo city, NY......... 573,076 14 Washington city, DC...... 486,869 15 Minneapolis city, MN..... 464,356 16 New Orleans city, LA..... 458,762 17 Cincinnati city, OH...... 451,160 18 Newark city, NJ.......... 442,337 19 Kansas City city, MO..... 399,746

20 Seattle city, WA......... 365,583 21 Indianapolis city, IN.... 364,161 22 Rochester city, NY....... 328,132 23 Jersey City city, NJ..... 316,715 24 Louisville city, KY...... 307,745 25 Portland city, OR........ 301,815

• Federalists almost non-Federalists almost non-existent existent due to the Hartford Convention

• James Monroe wins James Monroe wins Election of 1816

• Monroe toured the country– Not done since George

Washington – His visits were celebrated

• Political differences fadePolitical differences fade– Nationalism spreadsNationalism spreads– More trust in the federal gov’t trust in the federal gov’t

Supreme Court & Chief Justice, John Marshall, ruled in favor of McCulloch & Gibbons

Court’s Opinion: Court’s Opinion: Strengthened national Strengthened national

governmentgovernment

Federal law is Federal law is the supreme supreme law

Only Congress regulates Congress regulates interstate commerceinterstate commerce

Landmark court cases

Rise of Rise of SectionalismSectionalism• People become

loyal to regions loyal to regions

• Fought over Fought over national policiesnational policies– Based on where where

they livedthey lived

• Issues fought over:Issues fought over:– SlaverySlavery– TariffsTariffs– National BankNational Bank– Internal improvementsInternal improvements

Secretary of State John Quincy Adams successfully negotiated terms

Andrew Jackson invaded FL to stop Andrew Jackson invaded FL to stop Seminole raids Seminole raids in American territory

Jackson seized Spanish forts & created international issues

Stopped war -- gave U.S. all of Florida & set boundary of TXStopped war -- gave U.S. all of Florida & set boundary of TX

• Missouri admitted as a state in 1820– South wanted a slave state– North wanted a free state

• Compromise:– MissouriMissouri admitted as a as a

slave stateslave state– MaineMaine (part of Mass.)

admitted as a free statefree state– Slavery banned Slavery banned in

Louisiana Territory north north of the 36of the 36°30‘ N parallel°30‘ N parallel

– Kept slave/free balance Kept slave/free balance in the Senatein the Senate

• Convention of 1818Convention of 1818 agreement with Britain that allowed for allowed for settlement of Oregonsettlement of Oregon

• Spain had revolutions all over Spain had revolutions all over North & South AmericaNorth & South America– Mexican RevolutionMexican Revolution– European countries aided SpainEuropean countries aided Spain

• Monroe worried about future Monroe worried about future European colonies in North European colonies in North AmericaAmerica

• Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine: : Foreign policy of isolation & neutralityisolation & neutrality– U.S. would not interfere w/ U.S. would not interfere w/

European coloniesEuropean colonies– Opposed any new coloniesOpposed any new colonies– Europe may not colonize in Europe may not colonize in

AmericasAmericas

WCWWCW• In your Group:

– Write a letterletter to your brother who was impressed by the British before the War of 1812

– Explain life in life in America post War America post War

• Industrial Revolution, Slavery, Nationalism, Sectionalism

• Use historical dates, facts, people, & information

Author MenuAuthor Menu::

•Business OwnerBusiness Owner•Factory WorkerFactory Worker

•Plantation OwnerPlantation Owner•SlaveSlave

•Poor SouthernerPoor Southerner•Western PioneerWestern Pioneer