•Native Americans: In North America, over 600 Native American cultures developed. Native Americans depended on the natural resources available in their environment to meet their daily needs and wants and to survive.

-Iroquois Indians lived in the area of New York State. This is in the Eastern Woodlands cultural area. Due to the abundance of wood, the Iroquois used wood for many different things. Ex: Longhouses, palisades, canoes, weapons, cooking utensils, baskets.

Sheets of bark were wrapped around a pole frame

Wooden canoe

•Iroquois Indians: The 5 original tribes were the: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.

In the 1700’s, the Tuscarora would join as the 6th nation.

Wooden basketWooden face mask

Wooden spoon

Wooden palisade/wall

•Villages were located by a source of water for cooking and irrigation uses. Land around the village would be cleared and used for farming. Villages would remain in one place for about 10-15 years or as long as the soil remained fertile and then would be moved.

Water for irrigation, cooking, drinking, cleaning, and transportation.

Field for crops: 3 Sisters; Corn, Beans, Squash.

Village palisade or wall

•Iroquois used many materials found in nature to make things.1. Wood: bowls, spoons, weapons, tools2. Animal skins: clothing, blankets.3. Clay: pipes, pots.4. Stone: Tools, weapons, grinding stone for grinding corn.5. Soil/dirt: Agricultural products such as 3 Sisters: Corn, Beans, and Squash. 6. Shells: Jewelry, clothing decorations.

Longhouses inside palisade Forest area for hunting

•Iroquois men and women usually had different roles or jobs.

-Women: Raised and taught the children, planted crops, tended crops, harvested crops, gathered food from the forest, cooked food, prepared skins and made clothing, made tools and cooking utensils, choose and removed chiefs, and controlled the property.

-Men: Cleared the land, traded with other villages and tribes, made tools and weapons, hunted, fished, were the warriors, and served as chiefs.

•5 tribes in the New York area joined together to end warfare and promote peace. These 5 tribes became the Iroquois Confederacy or the League of the 5 Nations. Iroquois government was a representative government because the women picked the chiefs. The chiefs could be removed if the women did like the job that they were doing.

•Representative Government: Government in which the people elect or choose representatives to make the decisions.

WOMEN: MEN:

•Before the Europeans arrived, most of the tools and weapons were made from stone.

•The Iroquois Confederacy was started by Hiawatha and Deganawidah to stop tribal warfare and promote peace among the tribes.

•The Iroquois Confederacy was originally made up of 5 nations. The League was run by a council with the chiefs selected by the women.

•The False Face Society was a secret society that helped get rid of evil spirits and cure the sick.

•Europeans had many effects on the Native Americans: Contact caused Native American cultures to change in many ways.

1. Millions of N.A.’s died from European diseases such as smallpox. Native Americans in Central America used as slaves by Spanish.

2. Native Americans lost their land to Europeans because they did not understand the European concept of land ownership.

3. Native Americans died and lost land to Europeans through warfare. Native Americans might win a battle, but they always lost the war.

4. Native Americans lost hunting grounds and animals through over hunting in order to get the furs to trade with the Europeans.

5. Native American culture changed as they began to use European items such as blankets, clothing, and weapons (guns).

This contact caused the culture of the Native Americans to change more than the culture of the Europeans.

Diseases

Trading

Took Land

Warfare

Over hunting

Cultural differences caused conflict

Metal Goods: Muskets, pots, knives, hatchets.

Trade Goods: Wool blankets, Glass beads, Wool/cotton clothing

Alcohol

Iroquois Indians:

Base your answer to question 1 on the picture below and on your knowledge of social studies.

1. The Native American Indians who are shown in this picture lived in which region of North America?

(a) southwestern deserts(b) eastern woodlands (c) Great Plains (d) Gulf Coast

2. The longhouse was a type of dwelling used by the:

(a) Seminoles(b) Iroquois (Haudenosaunee)(c) Nez Perce(d) Pueblos

3. One reason why groups of Native American Indians often developed different cultures was that each group:(a) came to America from other parts of the world (c) had to follow written traditions(b) adapted to its environment in a different way (d) wanted to be distinct from other groups

Iroquois Indians:

4. An important accomplishment of the Iroquois Confederacy was the:(a) establishment of a political union of member nations(b) adoption of a two-house legislature(c) selection of a women to be Chief(d) development of a trading partnership with the Algonquian Indians

5. Which statement provides evidence that Native American Indians adapted to their environment?(a) The Pueblos developed an irrigation system for farming(b) The many tribes of the Great Plains spoke different languages(c) The Maya made great advances in mathematics(d) The Delaware used oral tradition to retell their history

6. Many different native cultures developed in North America primarily because: (a) Native American Indians worshiped many gods(b) Native American Indian groups did not trade with each other(c) hunting for food was an important activity(d) a variety of environmental conditions existed throughout this region

7. Which adaptation to the environment is illustrated by the Iroquois use of the longhouse? (a) buffalo for clothing and shelter (c) trees as building materials(b) horses for transportation (d) iron for tools and weapons

Iroquois Indians:

Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

“The Confederation was led by the Grand Council. It consisted of 50 sachems, or chiefs, from each nation's tribal council. Each of the five nations ran its own affairs independently. However, the Grand Council made decisions that affected the Confederation as a whole. The Grand Council was responsible for maintaining peace among the members. It also handled political and military matters such as forging treaties with other Indian nations and declaring war.”

8. Which group of Native American Indians formed the Confederation discussed in this passage?(a) Algonquian (b) Seminole (c) Navajo (d) Iroquois

9. Which democratic idea is reflected in the passage?(a) representative government (c) universal suffrage(b) judicial review (d) checks and balances

10. The Iroquois League is important because it: (a) set up economic cooperation with the Pueblo people (b) may have provided a model for the US Constitution (c) led a successful invasion of Spanish Florida (d) prevented all European settlements along the Hudson

Iroquois Indians:

11. The Iroquois believed that the Earth or land should be:(a) owned as a sign of power and wealth (c) respected and shared by all members of the tribe(b) owned only by the chiefs of the tribe (d) divided up and owned by individuals with deeds showing ownership

12. In the Iroquois culture, the growing of the Three Sisters was very important because it provided the Iroquois with:(a) cash crops that could be sold for money (c) a product to trade with the White colonists

(b) more time for games and sports (d) a sure and essential source of food

13. Which of the following is a statement of FACT about Iroquois life?(a) women worked harder than men (c) a man’s job required more strength and courage(b) men and women each had different jobs to do (d) men did all the high skill jobs

14. The Iroquois desire and need for the products of the white man caused them to:(a) continue to use all of the parts of the animals that they killed(b) pay for the products that they wanted using cash money(c) trade stone axes, clay pots, and wooden bowls for guns(d) hunt animals only for their hides and sign away their land

Iroquois Indians:

Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the map and on your knowledge of social studies.

15. The Iroquois once controlled the land and continue to live in which U.S. state?

(a) New Jersey (b) New York (c) Massachusetts(d) Canada

16. Which of the following tribes was a member of the Iroquois Confederacy?

(a) Mahican (b) Huron (c) Mohawk(d) Algonquin

Iroquois Indians:

Base your answers to questions 17 and 18 on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies.

"My children, listen well. Remember that you are brothers, that the downfall of one means the downfall of all. You must have one fire, one pipe, one war club."

-from Hiawatha the Unifier

17. What is the speaker recommending to his people?(a) increased cooperation (c) conservation of resources(b) economic competition (d) cultural exchange

18. Which political structure was formed as a result of the ideas expressed in this speech?(a) American Indian Movement (c) Indian Reservation System(b) Bureau of Indian Affairs (d) League of Five Nations

19. Contact between the Native American Indian and European cultures often resulted in:(a) neither culture experiencing any change (c) peace and cooperation between the two

cultures(b) the Europeans living like the Indians (d) the Indian cultures being changed in many ways

20. Which statement describes the roles of men and women in most Native American cultures such as the Iroquois Indians?(a) women usually worked harder than the men (c) men and women usually had separate jobs(b) men usually did all of the high skilled jobs (d) men’s work required more intelligence and courage