Tom Bold, Phil Foerster, Cara Jeffrey, Nicole Schollmeyer, Kristen Tynan

Background Government took a new approach to the Indian

problem Eliminated reservations as legitimate political

entities People wanted to seize their land Government terminated tribes such as the

Klamaths the Menominees and the Coushattas Caused increase in Indian activism

Native American Goals Right to participate in decision-making processes

regarding tribes Protect tribal lands

Prevent sale to outsiders Prevent outside invasion (i.e.: highways, dams, etc)

Uphold treaty rights (i.e.: water and fishing rights)

Promote Indian culture Provide education and legal skills AIM: help Indians neglected in cities

Tribal Land Maps

Strategies Seneca Nation’s Allegany reservation in New York State

Continued using legal process in other areas Recognized that they could use legal process in other areas and brought

a wave of lawsuits charging violations of treaty rights Vigorously protested water rights

Federal court ruling in 1973, water rights of Paiute on Nevada-California border, government must protect Indian property

Reassertion of fishing rights Court cases ruling 19th century treaties allowing Indians fishing rights

“in common with” whites meant they could take up fifty percent of allowable limits

AIM – American Indian Movement Seize of Alcatraz – Indian Center Wounded Knee, South Dakota – Dramatize poor conditions and draw

attention to broken treaties

Wounded Knee Memorial

Achievements or FailuresConsidering the past conditions of the Native

Americans, their movement in this time period was successful.

During this time: Their cause caused Kennedy and Johnson to pay more

attention and attempted to improve their economics and living conditions by getting private companies to locate on Native American land and having the land leased.

Both the Area Redevelopment administration and Office of Economic Opportunity allowed Native Americans to create programs and budgets themselves.

In 1975, the Indian Self-determination and Education Assistance Acts were passed.

After Cause Was Won The Native American Scholarship

Program, started at the New Mexico Law School, has graduated 35 to 40 Indians per year since 1971.

With the cause of the group being a success, the laws laid out a framework to guide federal policy for decades.