Science 10

Chapter 7.3 – Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear fission is when a large nucleus ______________ into two smaller nuclei,

releasing ______________ and _______________.

______________ nuclei tend to be more unstable.

In this process, a small amount of _________ changes to ______________

according to the equation: ____________________

Matter and energy are _______________________ in a nuclear reaction (the

mass of the products is ______________________ than the reactants)

All nuclear power generation is accomplished through _____________________.

Nuclear reactions vs. Chemical reactions

Chemical reactions

Mass is _________________ and energy changes are ______________________________.

There are ______________________ to the nuclei in chemical reactions.

Nuclear reactions

The actual ____________ of atoms changes.

Protons, neutrons, electrons, and/or gamma rays can be ________ or _________.

___________ changes in mass = ____________ changes in energy

The nuclear fission of ______ of uranium-235 produces the same amount of energy as burning

__________ of coal!

Induced Nuclear Reactions

In addition to natural radioactive decay, scientists can also ____________ nuclear reactions by

smashing nuclei with ___________________________________________ radiation or other

________________ particles.

Subatomic particles:

Particle (symbol) Also known as

proton ( ) hydrogen-1 nucleus ( )

neutron ( ) ------

helium nucleus ( ) alpha particle ( )

electron ( ) beta particle ( )

Nuclear Fission of U-235

Name: _________________________

Block: _____ Date: _______________

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Examples:

Science 10

It is much easier to crash a _____________________________ than a positive proton into

a nucleus to release energy.

Most nuclear fission _________________ or _______________ use this principle.

A _________________ crashes into an atom of stable U-235 to create _______________________,

which then undergoes radioactive decay.

After several steps, atoms of ______________ and ________________ are formed, along with

the release of ____________________________ and huge quantities of energy.

Once the nuclear fission reaction has started, it can ___________________________.

The neutrons released can _______________ more reactions on other U-235 atoms.

This ________________________________ can quickly get out of control.

Materials that _______________ neutrons help to control the reaction. (Eg. cadmium rods)

Nuclear bombs are ________________________ reactions.

CANDU Reactors – The _____adian __euterium __ranium reactor

Safe and easy to shut down in an ____________________________.

Produces a lot of __________ to generate steam to drive a turbine that produces ___________________.

Some waste products, like fuel rods, can be ___________________.

Some products are very _____________________, however,

and must be stored away from living things.

Most of this waste is _______________________________ or

stored in concrete.

It will take ______ half-lives (__________________ years)

before the material is safe.

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear fusion is when two smaller nuclei

______________________________ into one larger nucleus, releasing large amounts of energy.

Nuclear fusion produces ____________________ energy for a given mass of fuel than nuclear fission.

The sun & other stars Hydrogen bomb

The basic source of energy in the universe (how all elements are formed)

As an energy source, it is _____________ and plentiful; however, it is very hard to ________________

as it needs very high temperatures (________________________).

Scientists cannot yet find a safe, manageable method to __________________ the energy of nuclear

fusion.

So-called “________________________” would occur at temperatures and pressures that could

be controlled.

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