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September 12, 2013
NCMGM 2013 Fall Conference
Nancy M. Enos, FACMPE CPMA, CPC‐I
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Agenda ICD‐10 Implementation Update
Timeline and history
4 T’s for a Successful Transition to ICD‐10
What is ICD‐10?
Side by Side examples
Review of Coding Guidelines
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ICD‐10 Update
October 1, 2014
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ICD‐9 Update‐ The Freeze is On! Because the compliance date for ICD‐10 has been pushed back one year, the ICD‐9‐CM Coordination and Maintenance Committee, which includes an ACP representative, decided to also extend the partial code freeze by one year. There was considerable support for this partial, extended freeze.
Here is the revised ICD‐9 update schedule: The last regular, annual updates to both the ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10 code sets were made on Oct. 1, 2011.
On Oct. 1, 2012, only limited code updates were made to the ICD‐10 code set to capture new technologies and diseases; no additions, deletions or revisions were made to the ICD‐9‐CM code set. Both code sets will again receive only limited code updates on Oct. 1, 2013.
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ICD‐10 Updates‐ the Freeze is On! On Oct. 1, 2013 and October 1, 2014 , there will be only limited code updates to the ICD‐10 code set. There will be no updates to ICD‐9‐CM because it will no longer be used for reporting.
On Oct. 1, 2015, regular updates to ICD‐10 will begin.
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The Four T’s of ICD‐Transition Timing, Training Technology and Testing
Evaluate tools that can mitigate financial risk of the ICD‐10 transition
New technology also can boost productivity to help offset the losses that occur during and after the transition
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Timing
Phase 1
The time is now to start ICD‐10 Implementation
Prepare the impact statement
Assess Readiness Business processes, technology and staff
Perform a gap analysis in every applicable functional area
Develop an actionable plan that is designed around IT, business processes, physicians, coders, education and training, and other key constituents
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Timing(continued)
Phase 2 is the time to implement the planned changes
Phase 2 should be timed closer to the transition
Implement required IS changes
Follow‐up documentation assessment
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Documentation Assessment Conduct a medical record documentation assessment for recommendations to implement a documentation improvement program that targets deficiencies. To do this, hire an outside chart auditor or conduct an internal audit, to determine if the clinical documentation is sufficient to support an ICD‐10 code.
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Training The complexity and granularity of the ICD‐10‐CM code set is a very real concern. While the American Medical Association (AMA) cites that as reasons why ICD‐10 implementation needs to be prevented, those factors can be overcome through a well‐planned ICD‐10 training program.
Training strategies should be discussed, including how to use common specialty specific examples for physicians and ancillary providers, and setting the expectation that more detailed documentation will be demanded as a result of ICD‐10
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Identify training needs by function Think about the cycle of a patient in your office, from calling for an appointment, through a paid claim. How many of your staff play a role in the encounter in any way? Does their role include using diagnosis codes? The intake staff may call for authorizations for managed care plans, and need a diagnosis code. The lab or x‐ray technician needs an ICD‐10 code for their orders and requisitions. Coordinators need diagnosis codes to schedule outside referrals and surgery. All of that occurs before the revenue cycle staff submits a claim into your billing system. Most importantly, the clinicians need to know what new clinical facts are going to be required when documenting their services
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AAPC and AHIMA Tips "The better educated and trained everyone is, the less of a productivity hit your practice will suffer, and a quicker recovery may be realized once we implement ICD‐10."
Which is important in theory but harder to put in practice when the challenges of balancing training and getting the work done.
Kathy DeVault, Manager of Professional Practice Resources at the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) offers advice on how to balance productivity and ICD‐10 training for coders and physicians.
Start now. It doesn't have to be an ICD‐10 boot camp. But at least start raising awareness
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2 Chapters a Month? Medical coders can start tackling the code set by concentrating on an ICD‐10‐
CM chapter or two each month. (That's 21 chapters and 13 months to go.) At some point they're going to have to practice what they've learned. Don't forget that they will need refreshers on anatomy and physiology.
And it's never too early to encourage physicians to improve clinical documentation.
You need an education and training plan that addresses: What subjects are needed What level of education and awareness are needed for each set of staff members Best training options Which staff members will need what training Schedules Training vendors Resources
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ICD‐10 CM 21 Chapters1. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
2. Neoplasm’s
3. Diseases of the Blood and Blood‐Forming Organs
4. Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
5. Mental and Behavioral Disorders
6. Disease of the Nervous System
7. Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa
8. Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process
9. Diseases of the Circulatory System
10. Diseases of the Respiratory System
11. Diseases of the Digestive System
12. Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue
13. Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue
14. Diseases of the Genitourinary System
15. Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium
16. Newborn (Perinatal)
17. Congenital Malformations, Deformations and Chromosomal Abnormalities
18. Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings
19. Injury, Poisoning and Certain Other Consequences of External Causes
20. External Causes of Morbidity
21. Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services
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Physician Training Explain the benefits of the greater specificity
“ICD‐10 incorporates greater specificity, clinical data, and information relevant to ambulatory and managed care encounters."
Makes it possible to document risk factors
Recruit physician champions
Peer to peer education most effective
Physicians on your Compliance Committee
Clinical Documentation Specialists
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Training Consider offering training to your billing and coding staff
Medical Terminology
Anatomy & Pathophysiology
AAPC is introducing their CPC training materials through Licenses AAPC Instructors who have passed the ICD‐10 Instructor Exam and have been awarded AAPC ICD‐10 Trainer Status.
The training materials provided through AAPC will prepare CPC’s for their ICD‐10‐CM proficiency exam
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Maintain Certification Certified coders (CPC, CPC‐A and other coding credentials from AAPC) will require ongoing a proficiency Assessment
75 Questions
Open book, online, unproctored, use any resource available
Two attempts to pass over a two year window
Scheduled to be available Oct 1, 2013 – Sept 30, 2015
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Training Increase education
Expect a steep learning curve for all staff
Expect a decrease in coding and charge entry productivity as coders query providers for missing documentation
Customize training for different roles
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Technology Phase 3 means going live with Technology changes
Finalize system changes
Test systems
Complete education and training
Monitor coding and reimbursement accuracy
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Technology Make an inventory of all systems in your practice that currently include ICD‐9 codes and make a list of each system and the vendor.
Working with your IS support team, finalize system changes, test systems, and after the transition, monitor coding and reimbursement accuracy.
New technology also can boost productivity to help offset the losses that occur during and after the transition
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Technology changes Plan to Implement required IS changes
Now is the time to contact your IT vendor for both practice management and electronic records, if they are not the same, and ask who will be responsible for loading the ICD‐10 code set into your system.
It may be necessary to keep ICD‐9 for a period of time while old claims “wind down” and quality measures continue to be tracked before and after the October 1, 2014 transition date.
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Technology Assistance Ask what additional features will be included to assist in clinical documentation. Does their system have a prompt to ask for the necessary additional details?
A decision tree that leads the provider to ICD‐10 will have episode of care, laterality, location of disease or injury, and so forth.
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Technology Assistance
Medcin v22 screen shot example
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Testing Testing is the best way to minimize negative impact post implementation and ensure the provider practices are operationally ready for October , 2014
Internal testing
testing internal systems, business procedures, and operational workflows
External testing testing with external business partners such as
payers, clearinghouses, and third party billing services.
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Comparison of ICD‐9 to ICD‐10
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Reimbursement and Quality problems with ICD‐9
Example – fracture of wristPatient fractures left wrist
A month later, fractures right wrist ICD‐9‐CM does not identify left versus right –
requires additional documentation
ICD‐10‐CM describes Left versus right
Initial encounter, subsequent encounter
Routine healing, delayed healing, nonunion, or malunion
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ICD‐10 Changes everything
Detailed Clinical Information
Severity
Episode of care
Laterality
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ICD‐10 Major Modifications Obstetrics‐ Added trimesters to obstetrical codes (5th digits from ICD‐9‐CM will not be used)
Endocrinology‐Revised diabetes mellitus codes (5th digits from ICD‐9‐CM will not be used)
Expanded cause codes (e.g., injury, diabetes)
Orthopedics‐ Added code extensions for injuries and external causes of injuries Diagnosis of injury right wrist sprain S63.501A
External cause activity Y9373 racquet sport
External cause place Y92.312 tennis court
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Laterality‐ Left versus Right
C50.111 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of right female breast
C50.112 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of left female breast
C50.119 Malignant neoplasm of central portion of unspecified female breast
Some ICD‐10‐CM codes indicate laterality, specifying whether the condition occurs on the left, right or is bilateral. If no bilateral code is provided and the condition is bilateral, assign separate codes for both the left and right side. If the side is not identified in the medical record, assign the code for the unspecified side.
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Structural Differences ICD‐10
• ICD‐10‐CM has 3 – 7 characters• Character 1 is alpha (A – Z, not case sensitive) • Character 2 is numeric • Character 3 is alpha (not case sensitive) or numeric • Character 4 – 7 are alpha (not case sensitive) or numeric – A66 Yaws – A69.20 Lyme disease, unspecified – O9A.311 Physical abuse complicating pregnancy, first trimester
– S42.001A Fracture of unspecified part of right clavicle, initial encounter for closed fracture
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Format and Guidelines• ICD‐10‐CM Organization
• Introduction
• How to Use
• Official Guidelines‐ download as a training tool
• http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/icd10/10cmguidelines_2013_final.pdf
• Alphabetic Index
• Neoplasm Table
• Table of Drugs and Chemical
• Index to External Causes
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Format and Guidelines• ICD‐10‐CM Organization
• Tabular
• Chapters
• ICD‐10‐CM has 21 Chapters
• Blocks– Example
– Chapter 8 – Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process is divided into 5 blocks • H60‐62 Diseases of the external ear,
• H65‐75 Diseases of the middle ear and mastoid,
• H80‐83, Diseases of the inner ear,
• H90‐94 Other disorders of the ear,
• H95 Intraoperative/postprocedural complications
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Comparison of Code SetsICD‐9 ICD‐10
3‐5 characters 3‐7 characters
More than 17,000 codes More than 155,000 codes68,000 are for ICD 10‐ CM
First digit may be alpha or numeric (E or V only), digits are 2‐5 are always numeric
First character is alpha; 2 & 3 are numeric; 4‐7 are alpha or numeric
Limited space for adding new codes Flexible, new format allows for expansion
Lacks detail Very specific
Lacks laterality Includes a specific field to identifylaterality (right vs. left)
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Structural DifferencesICD‐9 Diagnosis Code ICD‐10 Diagnosis Code
382.9 Acute Otitis Media B01.2 Varicella pneumonia
540.9 Acute Appendicitis K21.0 GERD with esophagitis
780.01 Coma O30.003 Twin Pregnancy, unspecified, third trimester
In the ICD-10 diagnosis code set, the alpha characters are not case sensitive. These examples show a comparison of the formats of the ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes. You can see the use of alpha characters and longer codes in ICD-10
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ICD‐10 Structure• The expanded number of characters of the ICD‐10 diagnosis codes provides greater specificity to identify disease etiology, anatomic site, and severity
• Characters 1‐3 ‐ Category (“Block”)
• Characters 4‐6 ‐ Etiology, anatomic site, severity, or other clinical detail
• Character 7 – Extension (example‐ episode of care or other clinical detail)
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Each Place has a PurposeThe code structure in the Medical and Surgical section is:
Character 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Definition Name of section
Body system
Root operation
Body part
Specificclinical detail
X placeholder if not used
Laterality or episodeof care
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Detailed Example S52 Fracture of Forearm
S52.5 Fracture of lower end of radius
S52.52 Torus fracture of lower end of radius
S52.521 Torus fracture of lower end of right radius
S52.521A Torus fracture of lower end of right radius, initial encounter for closed fracture
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A Place for everything, everything in its place‐ Benjamin Franklin
The fact that the codes are up to seven characters in length is a major difference that brings two new considerations: seventh character extenders and dummy placeholders.
The seventh character extenders are usually a letter, and are used to identify the encounter type. The most common seventh character extenders used in ICD‐10‐CM are:
A‐Initial Encounter for closed fracture
B‐ Initial encounter for open fracture
D‐ Subsequent Encounter for fracture with routine healing
G‐ Subsequent encounter for fracture with delayed healing
K‐ Subsequent encounter for fracture with nonunion
P‐ Subsequent encounter for fracture with malunion
S‐ Sequela
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A unique twist‐ the “Placeholder”• Some codes are 7 characters, but no 4th, 5th or 6th place is necessary, so “x” is a placeholder
• T68.xxxA ‐ Hypothermia
• The appropriate 7th character is to be added to code T68
• A – initial encounter
• D – Subsequent encounter
• S – sequela
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Anatomy and Pathophysiology
Higher level of clinical specificity found in the new codes
In order to assign them correctly we have to first understand them
For example – the musculoskeletal system comprises 60% of the codes found in ICD‐10
206 bones in the body 80 are Axial
head, facial, hyloid, auditory, trunk, ribs, and sternum
126 are Appendicular arms, shoulders, wrists, hands, legs, hips, ankles and feet
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Types of Fractures Displaced fractures
Non‐displaced fractures
Closed fracture
Open fracture
Greenstick Fracture
Transverse fracture
Spiral fracture
Oblique fracture
Compression fracture
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Anatomy and Pathophysiology ‐Musculoskeletal system Classification is needed for open fractures using the “Gustilo
Open fracture classification system”
This system identifies fractures as Type I, II, IIIA, IIIB and IIIC
I – Low energy, wound less than 1 cm
II – Wound greater than 1 cm with moderate soft tissue damage
III – High energy wound greater than 1 cm with extensive soft tissue damage
IIIA – Adequate soft tissue cover
IIIB – Inadequate soft tissue cover
IIIC – Associated with arterial injury
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Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
Description
ICD‐9 ICD‐10 ICD‐10 Description
820.21 Intertrochantericfracture, closed
S72.143A
Displaced intertrochanteric fracture of unspecifiedfemur, initial encounter for closed fracture
S72.146A
Nondisplacedintertrochanteric fracture of unspecified femur, initial encounter for closed fracture
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Action Plan‐ be ready for October 1, 2014 Final Date of Implementation Compliance
Claims will require the new ICD‐10 Codes
Continue Training
2‐3 days of training will be required
AHIMA estimates 16 hours or less of training Have a certified coder on hand to support the physicians and staff as they use the new code sets, or system, “live” for the first time
Anticipate some disruption, consider ways to support your practice during this time
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Helpful web sites• MGMA– www.mgma.com
• National Center for Health Statistics– http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/dvs/icd10des.htm
• CMS– http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ICD10/
• AHIMA– http://www.ahima.org/icd10
• AAPC– www.aapc.com
– www.enosmedicalcoding.com
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Nancy M Enos, FACMPE, CPC‐I, CPMA, CEMC is an independent consultant with the MGMA Health Care Consulting Group. Mrs. Enos has 30 years of operations experience in the practice management field. Nancy was a practice manager for 18 years before she joined LighthouseMD in 1995 as the Director of Physician Services and Compliance Officer. In July 2008 Nancy established an independent consulting practice.
As an Approved PMCC Instructor by the American Academy of Professional Coders, Nancy provides coding certification courses, outsourced coding services, chart auditing, coding training and consultative services and seminars in CPT and ICD‐9 Coding, Evaluation and Management coding and documentation, and Compliance Planning. Nancy frequently speaks on coding, compliance and reimbursement issues to audiences including State and Sectional MGMA conferences, and hospitals in the provider community specializing in primary care and surgical specialties. In June 2013 Nancy became an AAPC Certified ICD‐10 Instructor.
Nancy is a Fellow of the American College of Medical Practice Executives and serves as a College Forum Representative for the American College of Medical Practice Executives. She is on the Section Council for MGMA and is a Past Chair of the Eastern Section, and a Past President for MA/RI MGMA