116
ND3321 SYSTIMAX â STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS ( SCS) DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LESSON 1 OVERVIEW

ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321

SYSTIMAX���� STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS(SCS)

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING

LESSON 1

OVERVIEW

Page 2: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

ii

This page is intentionally left blank

Page 3: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

iii

Table of Contents

OVERVIEW------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Synopsis --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Objectives------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMER NEEDS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Problems of unstructured wiring -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling Solutions ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

Virtues of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Wire-------------------------------------------------------------- 7

Unbalanced Transmission ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

Balanced Transmission ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF UTP --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

Effects of Attenuation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

Effects of Near End Crosstalk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

Pair-to-Pair NEXT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

PowerSum NEXT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

Far end Cross Talk (FEXT) and Equal Level FEXT-------------------------------------------------------- 21

Delay------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23

Return Loss---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25

How a “shield” works --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27

Effects of Tight Twists -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29

1061/2061/3061 High Performance Cables -------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

1071/2071/3071 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables------------------------------------------------- 31

1081/2081/3081 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables------------------------------------------------- 32

EIA/TIA-568-A CABLE CATEGORIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34

Mbps vs. MHz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36

Page 4: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

iv

FIBRE DESIGNS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39

62.5/125 µµµµm Enhanced Multimode Fibre---------------------------------------------------------------------- 39

OptiSPEED plus fibre --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

LazrSPEED™ High speed Multi mode fibre ----------------------------------------------------------------- 41

8.3/125 µµµµm Singlemode Fibre ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42

Optical Loss --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45

Optical bandwidth ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47

Optical bandwidth for LazrSPEED™ fibres ----------------------------------------------------------------- 49

AVAYA COMMUNICATION SYSTIMAX STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS (SCS)----------- 51

Work Area Subsystem -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53

Horizontal Subsystem --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

Riser Backbone Subsystem--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57

Administration Subsystem --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59

Equipment Subsystem--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61

Campus Subsystem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63

TIA/EIA-568-A BUILDING WIRING STANDARD ----------------------------------------------------------- 65

OTHER STANDARDS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67

AVAYA COMMUNICATION SYSTIMAX SCS APPLICATIONS ---------------------------------------- 69

VOICE APPLICATIONS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73

Analogue Voice Application-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73

Digital Voice Application ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77

Remote Switch Module Application ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79

TERMINAL-TO-HOST DATA APPLICATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------- 81

LOCAL AREA NETWORK APPLICATIONS ----------------------------------------------------------------- 83

Page 5: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

v

IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Network Application----------------------------------------------------------------- 93

IEEE 802.3 10BASE-FL Network Application--------------------------------------------------------------- 95

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application --------------------------------------------------------------- 97

ATM Forum UTP application --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103

SUMMARY----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108

LESSON 1 SYSTIMAX SCS OVERVIEW QUIZ ------------------------------------------------------------ 109

Page 6: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

vi

This page is intentionally left blank

Page 7: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 1

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Overview

Synopsis

In this lesson, the student is introduced to the concept of apremises cabling system, and in particular to the primary qualitiesof a structured cabling system. The basic rules governing astructured cabling system are discussed, and the student learnsabout the SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling System (SCS) and howit adheres to those rules.

Objectives

1. List three problems with conventional wiring systems, whichhave led users to migrate to UTP.

2. Cite the virtues of UTP.

3. Explain the difference between a balanced circuit and anunbalanced circuit.

4. Describe the effects of attenuation and crosstalk.

5. Explain the difference between the pair-to-pair and powersumNEXT measuring methods.

6. Describe the two different fibre designs allowed bySYSTIMAX SCS.

7. List the six subsystems, which comprise the AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS.

8. Given a list of Avaya Communication products, cite theproducts, which are certified by SYSTIMAX SCS.

9. Look at some examples of applications supported overSYSTIMAX SCS.

Page 8: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 2

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMER NEEDS

20 years ago

Today

Page 9: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 3

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Evolution of Customer Needs

� View of the recent past

− Dedicated Application Wiring− Proprietary Systems− Central Processing− Voice/Data− Less than 10 Megabit Per Second (Mbps) Data Rates

� Today’s View− Integrated System Wiring− Open Architecture− Distributed Network Computing− Voice/Data/Image/Video− Up to 1Gb/s and Higher

Problems of unstructured wiring

A quick look back reveals that applications have changeddramatically in the last two decades. The rate of change will notdiminish in the future. Customers are demanding an integratedcabling system with open architecture to support their frequentlychanging voice, data, video and imaging applications.

Where unstructured wiring systems are present, the fragmentedcontrol of the various systems within the building, the differencesin topologies and wiring types of these systems, and the lack ofconnectivity between systems make implementing changes due tomoves and rearrangements of staff difficult to do. This leads tohigh cost of these moves.

Even minor changes are difficult when systems using differentwiring types. In other words, proprietary media leads toAdministration problems.

Unstructured wiring systems usually have unstructuredinstallation and record keeping. This means that the complicatedwiring leads to mistakes and time consuming trouble shooting,which leads to increased downtimes of systems.

Page 10: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 4

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

SYSTIMAX® TO SOLVE THE PUZZLE

VOICE

DATA

LAN/WAN

16 Mbps

VIDEO

BMS

1 Gb/sTP.PMD

Page 11: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 5

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling Solutions

In order to solve the wiring problems caused by the use ofdifferent wire types and connectors, a single, universally acceptedtransmission medium is needed.

The prime quality of a Structured cabling system is:

• Standards compatible

• Consistent design

• Flexible

• Modular

Avaya Communications SYSTIMAX® Structured CablingSystem offers all these features. Our initial offering of PremisesDistribution System in 1985,based on Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP) wire and RJ45 modular outlets, emerged when datacommunications were typically at rates up to 4Mb/s. TheTIA/EIA –568 cabling standard, published in 1991, was actuallypatterned after our Premises Distribution System. This standardwas the model for the ISO/IEC 11801 commercial buildingwiring standard.

With SYSTIMAX® a range of baluns and adapters is available tosupport Systems equipped with coaxial or other incompatible typeof connections. (E.g. 93 Ohm coax, Twinax, etc.)

Today SYSTIMAX® offers the Power Sum or GigaSPEED™solution to provide high-speed data transmission capabilitysuitable for todays and future applications.

The SYSTIMAX OptiSPEED and improved performanceOptiSPEED Plus solution provide a selected, but complete setof fibre products for building structured cabling based on opticalfibres.

The SYSTIMAX LazrSPEED™ solution is an enhanced multimode optical fibre, which provides data rates of up to 10Gb/sover 300 m. LazrSPEED Optical fibres avoid the higher cost ofsingle mode optical fibre systems.

SYSTIMAX Structured cabling systems are backed by a 20-year application and product warranty, accompanied withdetailed performance specifications to provide a secure and futureproof solution to users.

Page 12: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 6

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

VIRTUES OF UTP

Rugged & Easily Installed

Excellent Spatial Efficiency

Balanced Mode Transmission and Pair Twists

•Minimize Outside Interference

•Minimize Radiation

Preferred Media by Standards

Good Information Carrying Capacity

Application Independent

Page 13: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 7

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Virtues of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Wire

� UTP wire is rugged and easily installed. Insulationdisplacement technology, such as the 110-connector system,can be used to terminate the UTP pairs. This results insignificant cost and installation time savings when comparedto coaxial cables or STP cables, such as Twinax or Type-1.

� UTP cables also have excellent spatial efficiency or, in other

words, there is high capacity in a very small cable.

� By using balanced mode transmission and pair twists,susceptibility to outside interference is minimised. UTP,especially the new high performance UTP, is capable ofsupporting higher data rates associated with applicationsinstalled in today’s office environment. These high data ratescan be transmitted for long distances (100 m).

� Another major advantage of UTP is that it is application

independent. Application independent transmission mediaallows a cabling system to be designed independent of thesupported applications. It offers the flexibility needed tosupport new applications without re-cabling.

� Standards bodies now consider UTP as the transmission mediaof choice.

Page 14: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 8

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

UNBALANCED TRANSMISSION

Transmitter Receiver

+ N+ N

External Noise

+ 2 V + 2 V+ N

Page 15: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 9

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Unbalanced Transmission

� In unbalanced transmission, or one-side-groundedtransmission, one of the two conductors making up the pair isgrounded at one or both ends. This type of transmissionworks well at low data rates for short distances in noise freeenvironments. However, noise can be picked up from externalsources such as the ballast used to control fluorescent lights,pencil sharpeners, paper shredders, etc. This noise isinterpreted as data by the receiver and causes errors.

� EIA-232 in its raw form uses unbalanced transmission.Therefore, if extended to long distances in noisyenvironments, there may be problems.

� One way to avoid this is to use shielded cables, therebyreducing the cable's susceptibility to external noise.

Page 16: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 10

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

BALANCED TRANSMISSION

Transmitter Receiver+ N+ N

External Noise

+ 2 V + 1 V+ N+ 1 V

-1 V

+ 2 V

-1 V+ N

+ E -E

Net Emission ~ 0

Page 17: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 11

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Balanced Transmission

� A much less expensive way of avoiding external interferenceis to use a balanced transmission. In balanced transmission,small transformers or "Baluns" are used to isolate the cablefrom the electronics and only pass the difference of the signalonto the cable. Since the two conductors of a pair are so closetogether and neither conductor is grounded, the amount ofnoise picked up by one conductor of a pair is about the sameas the amount of noise picked up by the other conductor. Thetwisting of a pair, especially when using tight twists,improves this even more, thereby virtually guaranteeing thatthe amount of noise picked up by each conductor is virtuallyidentical. The Balun at the interface to the receiver onlyallows the difference of the signal to pass through.Therefore, only the desired data signal is passed through andthe undesired noise is rejected. This, of course, assumes that ahigh quality Balun from a reputable manufacturer is beingused.

� Radiated emission, or the amount of energy that radiates fromcable, is also a concern. If the radiated emission (oftenreferred to as Electro Magnetic Interference [EMI]) of asystem is excessive, it may cause interference to otherservices, such as broadcast television. To minimise this, theFederal Communication Commission, FCC, (CISPR-22 forInternational applications) has placed stringent maximumallowances on systems.

� In a balanced system, where one conductor of a pair has theexact opposite data signal from the other conductor, the fieldgenerated by one conductor is virtually cancelled by the fieldgenerated by the other conductor. This is because the twoconductors of a pair are so close to each other. In a systemthat uses well-balanced electronics and well-balanced cables,the FCC's limits on maximum emission allowances can easilybe met.

� To summarise, in office environments, the use of balancedtransmission with well-balanced electronics and cableseliminates the need for shielding the pairs as a preventivemeasure against external interference and radiated emission.

EFFECTS OF ATTENUATION

Page 18: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 12

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Transmitter Receiver

Transmitted Signal Received Signal

Page 19: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 13

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Technical Aspects of UTP

Effects of Attenuation

� Attenuation is caused by two factors:

− Copper loss, which is unavoidable and the same for all24-gauge 100 Ohm twisted pairs.

− Dielectric loss, or dissipation, due to the insulation andjacketing materials used on the conductors and the cable.

� Minimising the dissipation loss of the insulating andjacketing materials is important to minimise the cable'sattenuation. The dissipation factor is a relative measurementof a material's loss.

� Looking at all of the typical materials used in cables, theoptimum two are Polyethylene and Teflon.

� These are the insulating materials used in AvayaCommunication high performance cables, namely the1061,2061,1071, 2071, 1081, and 2081 series. A fireretardant version of polyethylene is used for the non-plenum1061, 1071, and 1081 cables. Because of its low flamespread and smoke spread properties, Teflon is used in theplenum rated 2061, 2071, and 2081 cables.

� Attenuation is usually expressed in dB (decibel) per unitlength (e.g., dB/Km) and is a measure of how much a signalis weakened or reduced in amplitude as it travels down acable. The higher the attenuation (loss) of a cable, the smalleror weaker the received signal becomes, thus, low loss in acable is desirable. Decibels are a logarithmic factor. A3dB/Km loss results in reducing the power of the signal byone-half every Kilometre. The lower the loss per unit lengthof the cable is, the longer distance the signal can be sent.

� Most Local Area Network (LAN) applications are two pairsystems where one pair is used to transmit data to anotherdevice and the other pair is used to receive data from theother device. This leads to another critical cable parameter,Near End Crosstalk (NEXT).

Page 20: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 14

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

EFFECTS OF NEAR END CROSSTALK

Transmitter Receiver

Receiver Transmitter

Crosstalk

Undesired noise(caused by crosstalk) Two pairs inside

the same cable

Page 21: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 15

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Effects of Near End Crosstalk

� Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) refers to the undesired couplingof signals from the transmit pair onto the receive pair. NEXTisolation is expressed in dB and is a measure of how well thepairs in a cable are isolated from each other.

� The higher (larger value in dB) the NEXT isolation of a cableis, the lower the undesired coupling onto other pairs thereforethe better the cable.

� NEXT is frequency dependant, meaning that more energy istransferred to the adjacent pair (NEXT value becomes lower)as the frequency becomes higher.

� Crosstalk is determined strictly by the twist length algorithmused for the pairs. In general the shorter the twist length(tighter twists) the better the crosstalk separation.

� NEXT values can also be affected by the installationpractices. The primary causes of poor NEXT performance aresplit pairs, untwisted pairs, splices, bundling cables or patchcords too tightly, transpositions and poor modular plug/jackperformance.

Page 22: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 16

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Pair-to-Pair NEXT

Disturbing Pair Disturbed Pair

Page 23: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 17

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Pair-to-Pair NEXT

� The pair-to-pair method is good for small pair-count cables(i.e. 4-pair or less). The measurement assumes one disturbingpair and determines the amount of signal coupled into otherpairs in the cable (i.e. NEXT)

� This is the method used by hand held testers, which therefore

report six test results (1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 2-3, 2-4, 3-4) � Cable NEXT = Worst Pair-to-Pair NEXT from PR1-2, PR1-3,

PR1-4, PR2-3, PR2-4, PR3-4 � TIA-568-A requires pair-to-pair NEXT compliance for cables

up to 4 pairs, PowerSum NEXT compliance for cables withmore than 4 pairs

� ISO/IEC 11801 requires pair-to-pair NEXT compliance for

horizontal cables, PowerSum NEXT compliance for cables ofmore than 2 pairs used in the backbone

Page 24: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 18

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

PowerSum NEXT

Disturbing Pair Disturbed Pair

(PR2-1)2 + (PR3-1)2

+ ... + (PR25-1)2PSNEXT PR1 =

Worst PSNEXT PR1,PR2, ... , PR25

Cable NEXT =

Page 25: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 19

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

PowerSum NEXT

� The PowerSum NEXT method is a more appropriate meansfor multi-pair (> 4-pair) and backbone cables since it takesinto account coupling from more than one disturbing pair at atime, which will be the case for a multi-pair cable handlingdata signals from multiple users.

� PowerSum compliant components should be considered when

high-speed parallel transmission schemes would be supported. � While PowerSum NEXT compliance ensures that signals of

the same type can coexist in the same cable, the amount ofsignal mixing that is allowed for multi-pair cables isdetermined by the system manufacturer. The SYSTIMAXSCS Shared Sheath chart is the result of extensive applicationtesting and should be consulted when planning to supportdissimilar applications in the same cable.

Page 26: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 20

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

FEXT and ELFEXT

Transmitter Receiver

Receiver Transmitter

Attenuation

Undesired noise(caused by crosstalk)

NEXT FEXT ELFEXT

Local End Far End

ELFEXT = FEXT - Attenuation

Page 27: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 21

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Far end Cross Talk (FEXT) and Equal Level FEXT

Traditionally, cable and channel performance is described interms of attenuation and cross talk. The development of highertransmission speeds has led to the use of multiple pairs,sometimes in both directions (full duplex operation).

FEXT, Far end Crosstalk, refers to undesired coupling from onepair into another pair, measured at the other end of thetransmission link

ELFEXT, Equal level Far end Crosstalk, refers to the ratio of thesignal level and the undesired coupling, when two pairs areactivated with a signal of equal level. Defined as such, theELFEXT is equal to the Far end crosstalk minus the linkattenuation

Power Sum FEXT, Power Sum ELFEXTAs described for Power sum NEXT, any other crosstalkparameter can be described as a Power Sum, taking into accountcoupling from all disturbing pairs in 4 pair or multipair cables.

Page 28: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 22

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Delay and Delay Skew

T(ns)

CableNearEnd

CableFarEnd

Propagation Delay

DelaySkew

0

PAIR 1

PAIR 2

PAIR 3

PAIR 4

Transmitter

Reflected signal

STRUCTURAL RETURN LOSS

Transmitted signal

SRL = Transmitted signal Reflected signal

Page 29: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 23

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Delay

Propagation Delay. The time it takes electrical signals to travelto the other end of the cable is the delay the signal experiences topropagate to the other end of the cable. This parameter is usuallyexpressed in nanoseconds.

As in UTP cables each pair has a different twist, each pair has itsown set of electrical parameters. Differences in Propagationdelay may present a problem in applications where a data streamis split in two (or more) streams to transmit it over an UTP cable.Each pair has its own propagation delay; therefore the signalsarrive at different times at the receiver.

Delay Skew is the maximum difference in propagation delay overa 100m channel. It is very important this parameter is welldefined

Return Loss

Return loss is the effect that a part of the signal is reflected atevery point where there is a minor impedance mismatch, such asconnection points. An amount of reflection will also occur whenthere are minor differences in the cable twist and cable geometry.The number indicating the ratio between transmitted and reflectedenergy is the Structural Return loss. A higher number indicatesa lower reflection and therefore indicates a better performance.

Page 30: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 24

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

ATTENUATION TO CROSSTALK RATIO(ACR)

Frequency (MHz)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70NEXT Cable & 2 Conn. (Cat 5)

NEXT 1061/ 2061 & 2 MPS 100E’s

Attenuation (Cat 5/6)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 180 200 220 240160

Channel ACR @ 10dB

100 m UTP Link

NEXT 1071/ 2071 & 2 MGS 200’s

Page 31: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 25

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio

� Attenuation to Crosstalk is the relationship between the lossexhibited by a cable across the frequency range compared toor subtracted from worst pair crosstalk values along the samefrequencies. The larger the ACR the better, as this determinesthe ability of the receiver to interpret the attenuated signal inthe presence of crosstalk noise. Typically, an ACR of 10 dBis considered a minimal requirement for most applications.

� As both attenuation and NEXT increase with frequency, the

ACR decreases as the frequency increases. In typicalCategory 5 links, an ACR performance of 10 dB is generallyfound around the 70 MHz frequency. As shown in the chart,SYSTIMAX SCS PowerSum NEXT (Cat 5E) channelsexhibit an ACR performance of 10 dB at 100 MHz frequency,and at 149 MHz frequency for GigaSPEED Channels.

� The ACR characteristics of a UTP link force designers ofhigh-speed transmission equipment to employ encodingschemes to transmit multiple bits per hertz. For example,while Ethernet and Token Ring applications utilise simpleManchester coding and have a data rate equivalent to thecritical frequency (i.e. 10 Mbps = 10 MHz), 100 Mbps TP-PMD has a data rate of 125 Mbps (100 Mbps of user data and25 Mbps in control bits) but the critical frequency is 31.25MHz. The more efficient encoding schemes are moresensitive to crosstalk noise and thus require more reliableACR performance.

Page 32: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 26

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

How a “shield” works

Cable Shield

Cable Pair

INTERFERENCE

IS

IS

Page 33: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 27

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

How a “shield” works

� While the term “shielding” suggests that because STP cable isphysically encased in a shield all outside interference isblocked, this is not true.

� Just like a wire, the conductive shield acts as an antenna,converting received noise into current flowing in the shieldwhen it is properly grounded. This current, in turn, induces anequal and opposite current flowing in the twisted pairs. Aslong as the two currents are symmetrical, they cancel eachother out and deliver no net noise at the receiver. Anydiscontinuity in the shield or asymmetry between the currentin the shield and the twisted pairs is interpreted as noise.

� To work properly, every component of a shielded system mustbe just that, fully shielded.

� The drawbacks of shielded cable are many, in addition to highcomponent and installation costs:

− Pair attenuation increases at high frequencies, forcing the useof thicker insulation and/or larger conductors

− Balance is compromised if the effects of the shield are notcompensated, leading to crosstalk and signal noise

− Shielding effectiveness is dependent, among other factors, inthe efficacy of the grounding structure used and the groundingmethods used.

− Optimum grounding of a shielded cabling system is notpossible, as the number of grounding points depends on theapplication (grounding requirements change with thefrequency). The length of the ground conductor presents achallenge, since over a certain length for a given frequency itno longer functions as a ground.

� EMC regulations in Europe have focused attention on the

Electro Magnetic properties of cabling systems. Independentlaboratory tests have proven that SYSTIMAX SCS meets allthe required standard specifications for transmitting high-speed data and can pass all required tests. Tests wereconducted with 10 Mbps Ethernet, 16 Mbps Token Ring, 100Mbps TP-PMD and 155 Mbps ATM systems.

Page 34: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 28

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

EFFECTS OF TIGHT TWISTS

Long Twists- Share Space

Short (Tight) Twists- Increased Pair Separation- Decreased Helix Distortion

Advantages: - Improved Crosstalk Performance

(Efficient Approach)- Simplified Termination Procedure

(One Pair instead of One Conductor at a time)

Page 35: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 29

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Effects of Tight Twists

� Without the expense and practical difficulties of a shield, abetter way to achieve good crosstalk performance is to useshort tight twists on the cable pairs.

� If long twists are used, the conductors from different pairstend to nest together or intrude inside an adjacent pair'scylinder. In the case of short twists, because the location ofthe pair rotates so fast within the cylinder, the conductorsfrom the other pairs are prevented from invading the pair’scylinder. Thereby, pair separation is increased and thedistortion of the ideal helical shape of the twisted pair isdecreased. Both effects result in significantly improvedcrosstalk performance.

���� This is the efficient approach to obtaining good crosstalkperformance.

Page 36: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 30

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

1061/2061/3061 CABLE

Low loss insulation(FRPE/LSZHPE/Teflon)

Cylindrical spaceclaimed bytight twists

Low loss jacketwith length markings

Solid 24 AWG (0.539 mm.)

Long bundletwist applied

1071/2071/3071 GigaSPEED CABLE

Low loss insulation(FRPE/LSZHPE/Teflon)

Cylindrical spaceclaimed bytight twiststwists TIGHTERand lower TOLERANCE

Low loss jacketwith length markings

Solid 24 AWG (0.545 mm.)

Tight bundletwist applied

Page 37: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 31

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

1061/2061/3061 High Performance Cables

� The illustration shows a cross-section of AvayaCommunication high performance UTP cable, released in1990. All the conductors are solid 24-gauge with low-lossinsulation. These cables patented twist scheme guarantees atwist every 12 mm. or less. Therefore this cable can supportthe higher data rates found in today’s business environment.

� The dotted lines represent the cylindrical space claimed by

the pair along the length of the cable because of the tighttwists.

� Around the cable is a low-loss sheath or jacket. The jacket of

Avaya Communication UTP cables contains footage markers.This can be very useful during installation.

� The Cross talk performances of these cables meet the more

stringent Power Sum NEXT test. 1071/2071/3071 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables

� With the same technical concepts, but more advancedtechnology, the transmission capacity can be increased evenmore, resulting in the GigaSPEED™ cable, released in 1997.

� GigaSPEED™ cables have a tighter twist scheme than the

1061 cable, has lower production tolerances and has a tighterbundle twist, which improves the NEXT performance farmore.

Page 38: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 32

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

1081/2081/3081GigaSPEED CABLE

Low loss insulation(FRPE/LSZHPE/Teflon)

with length markings

Solid 24 AWG (0.545 mm.)

Tight bundletwist applied

Low loss jacket

Flute design separatespairs and improvescross-talk performancefurther

1081/2081/3081 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables

� With a flute design, as shown on the cross section drawing,the pairs can be better separated and the cross talk isimproved even more. This GigaSPEED™ cable, releasedearly 2000, has 10dB cross-talk margin relative to the draftCategory 6 standard.

Page 39: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 33

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

CABLE CATEGORIES

CATEGORY 4

16 100

CATEGORY 3

Frequency (MHz) 2010

CATEGORY 5

CATEGORY 6*

250

* Proposed Standard

Page 40: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 34

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

EIA/TIA-568-A Cable Categories

� EIA/TIA standards provide structure to UTP productofferings. These categories help the customer qualify theproducts to his requirements. Although the customer hassome landmarks now, the decisions are still not simple. Thereis a significant difference in product capability even withinthe categories. The table below relates AvayaCommunication 4-pair horizontal cables to the standard’scategories. The standard also defines performancerequirements for Category 3, 4, 5, and 6 connecting hardware.

Code UL TIACategory

Max. Freq.(MHz)

1010 CMR 3 162010 CMP 3 16

1061 CM (4-pair)CMR (25-pair)

5 100

2061 CMP 5 100

1071A, 1081A CM 6* 2502071A, 2081A CMP 6* 250

*Category 6 is a proposed standard

Page 41: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 35

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

LAN ENCODING ALGORITHMS

0 0 0 1 0 1 11 1 1 0 1 1 1Bit Stream

Manchester

NRZ

4-Level Code

Cycle Period of FastestSinusoid

1=Highest Frequency

(Bandwidth)

Manchester Code: uses a level transition in the middle of eachbit period. For a binary 1, the first half of the period is high, andthe second half is low. For a binary 0, the first half is low, and thesecond half is high.

NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero) Code: the signal is high for a 1 andlow for a 0. The level changes only when the data level changes.

4-Level Code: unlike other codes this one uses four levels oftransmission, rather than two levels. Each level represents twobits instead of one. Any change in a bit means a change in level.

Page 42: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 36

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Mbps vs. MHz

� Mbps and MHz do not mean the same thing.

� Bit-rate refers to how many bits can be transmitted in a giventime period and is associated with data throughput. Itsmeasured in millions of bits per second (Mbps).

� Frequency is the number of cycles per second for anyperiodic signal. Digital signals are square waves with a periodthat changes with the data stream. This means that a digitalsignal has many different frequencies.

� The Fundamental Frequency can be defined as the frequencyof the closest analogue “equivalent” to the digital signal. Itdetermines where the maximum signal energy is concentratedand is measured in MHz.

� The relationship between bit-rate and fundamental frequencydepends on the coding algorithm used. Most new algorithmstransmit more than 1 bit per Hz (i.e. Mbps > MHz).

Page 43: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 37

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

This page is intentionally left blank

Page 44: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 38

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

ENHANCED MULTIMODE

PolymerCoatings

GlassCladding

GlassCore

62.5 µµµµM 125 µµµµM 250 µµµµM

Page 45: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 39

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Fibre Designs

There are three basic fibre designs identified by core diameter:

� 62.5 µm graded index, enhanced multimode

� 50 µm graded index, used for LazrSPEED multimode

� 8.3 µm (step index), single mode

The cladding diameter for all fibre used in SYSTIMAX SCS is125 µm.

62.5/125 µµµµm Enhanced Multimode Fibre

The enhanced multimode (62.5/125 µm) lightguide fibre isrecommended for all premises applications because of itscompatibility with the physical and transmission characteristics ofthe electro-optical devices commonly used in the premisesdistribution environment.

The large core diameter and transmission characteristics of62.5/125 µm fibre offers the following advantages:

� Greater light coupling efficiency

� Less critical core alignment requires fewer administrationpoints and splice locations

� Less susceptibility to micro and macro bending losses

� Recognised as the industry standard for LAN applications bythe Electronic Industries Association/American NationalStandards Institute

� FDDI standard compliant

� EIA/TIA-568 and ISO/IEC 11801 compliant

Page 46: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 40

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

LazrSPEED™ MULTIMODE

PolymerCoatings

GlassCladding

GlassCore

50 µµµµM 125 µµµµM 250 µµµµM

Page 47: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 41

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

OptiSPEED plus fibre

This 62.5/125 µm Multi-mode fibre is an improved fibre design,fully compatible with existing 62.5/125 µm fibres, allowinglarger distances for higher bit rates. Where the Standard(OptiSPEED) fibre is recommended for distances of up to 300 mfor a future proof optical link, the OptiSPEED plus fibres can beapplied for transmission distances of up to 600 m. with the sameapplications.

LazrSPEED™ High speed Multi mode fibre

A special optical fibre, LazrSPEED, developed to transmit bitrates as high as 10Gb/s has a reduced DMD (Differential ModeDelay) and is therefore capable to transmit these high bit rates..For longer lengths than 300 m LazrSPEED optical fibres can beused, however the same bit rates are supported as standard Multimode optical fibres. For lengths longer than 1000 m, LazrSPEEDoptical fibre supports shorter lengths than OptiSPEED opticalfibre.

Page 48: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 42

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

SINGLEMODE, DEPRESSED CLADDING

PolymerCoatings

GlassCladding

GlassCore

125 µµµµM 250 µµµµM 8.3 µµµµM

DepressedCladding

62.5 µµµµM

8.3/125 µµµµm Singlemode Fibre

Single-mode fibre was initially developed to support the highbandwidth and channel capacity needed in the long-haul trunkenvironment and, although single-mode fibre is being deployed inthe subscriber loop, it is usually not cost-effective for premisedistribution systems. Single-mode fibre may be considered forbackbone subsystems if it is anticipated that the bandwidth anddistance limits of multimode fibre will be exceeded during thelifetime of the system.

Matched Clad Single Mode Fibre

Matched Clad Fibre consists of a germanium doped core, of 8.3µm, and a silica cladding. Although the dispersion characteristicsof the design are optimised for the 1310 nm region, 1550 nmwavelength operation is possible.

Page 49: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 43

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Depressed Clad Single Mode (Shown on facing page)

Depressed Clad is a design with a lower dispersion to improve thetransmission properties. The Fibre consists of a germaniumdoped core (8.3 µm diameter) with two concentric layers of silicacladding. The inner silica layer is doped with fluorine to lower(depress) its refractive index relative to the outer clad. Also thisfibre is optimised for 1310 nm operation, although 1550 nmoperation is possible.

Depressed Clad fibres are significant less susceptible to bendinglosses.

Dispersion shifted Single Mode Fibre

Dispersion shifted fibre has been optimised for 1550 nmwavelength operation, however, they are less suitable for multiplewavelength operation. For new installations True Wave™ fibreis recommended instead.

True Wave™ Single Mode Fibre

True Wave™ Fibre (core diameter of only 6µm.) is especiallydesigned for use in Dense Wave Division Multiplex (DWDM)applications in the 1550nm wavelength region. DWDM is amethod of transmission using multiple optical signals, each with aslightly different wavelength. This fibre type has non-zerodispersion over the band used by Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers(EDFA’s) used in DWDM systems to avoid four-wave mixing(cross interference between wavelengths). The dispersion is stillsmall enough to allow single channel data rates of up to 20 Gb/swithout dispersion compensation.

All Wave Single mode fibre

Until recently, all fibres experienced a higher attenuation in the1400 nm region, due to absorption by water particles. In the AllWave fibre this loss peak, or water peak, has been eliminated.All Wave fibres are especially useful in MAN’s and WAN’swhen (in future) DWDM systems with hundred or morewavelengths become available.

Page 50: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 44

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Causes of Optical Loss

Rayleigh ScatteringMicrobending

ManufacturingIrregularities Absorption

Page 51: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 45

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Optical Loss

The optical loss measures how much light gets lost as the pulsetravels along the fibre, and can be found taking the ratio of theenergy in the output pulse to the energy in the input pulse. Thereare two basic physical mechanisms that cause fibre to lose light:scattering and absorption.

Scattering

� Refers to light being deflected from its intended path. Whenlight scatters in a fibre, rays travel off in new directions someof which exceeds the fibre’s critical angle for total internalreflection. When this happens, part of the light escapesthrough the cladding.

� Some scattering is inherent to the fibre, like Rayleighscattering, while other scattering is caused by fibre bends(macrobending and microbending) and manufacturingirregularities.

Absorption

� Light is absorbed by the fibre and converted into heat, actuallyraising the fibre’s temperature.

� The silica material and dopants used in the fibremanufacturing absorb light abundantly at certain wavelengths.

� Impurities present in fibre, like the hydroxyl ion (OH-), alsoproduce a large absorption loss at certain wavelengths.

Optical loss is measured in dB/km and depends on thewavelength. The maximum values for SYSTIMAX SCS fibresare:

Multimode: 3.4 dB/km @ 850 nm1.0 dB/km @ 1300 nm

LazrSPEED 3.5 dB/km @ 850 nm1.5 dB/km @ 1300 nm

Singlemode: 0.4 dB/km @ 1310nm0.3 dB/km @ 1550nm

Page 52: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 46

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Modal Dispersion andOptical Bandwidth

• Step Index Fiber

• Graded Index Fiber

Pi

T

T T

Po

Po Pi

Page 53: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 47

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Optical bandwidth

Fibre bandwidth is related to the information carrying capacity ofa fibre, and limits the maximum rate at which information can betransmitted. Because fibres have limited bandwidth, when apulse travels over them its width increase by spreading in time. Ifthis dispersion becomes too large, the broadened pulse caninterfere with pulses on either side of it causing intersymbolinterference and associated high bit error rates in transmissionsystems.One cause of pulse spreading is modal bandwidth. It arises inmultimode fibre because hundreds of modes can travel in thefibre. Some modes or light paths are shorter than the others, sothese modes are going to arrive first to the fibre end. Light beamstaking the longest paths arrive last, causing the pulse spreading.To compensate for the hundreds of different path lengths, graded-index multimode fibres are designed and manufactured so thatpulses travelling short paths have slower velocities than pulsestravelling long paths.The minimum bandwidth of Lucent Technologies enhancedmultimode fibre is 200MHz km @ 850nm and 500MHz km at1300nm.

Page 54: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 48

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

10 Gbps Laser

Detector

Core

Cladding

Conventional Fibre - 50 or 62.5 micron

CONVENTIONAL MULTIMODE CAN’TSUPPORT 10 Gb/s TRANSMISSION

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

10 Gbps850nm Laser

Detector

Core

Cladding

10 Gigabits on10 Gigabits on Multimode Fibre Multimode Fibre

LazrSPEEDLazrSPEED ™™ SOLUTION 10SOLUTION 10 GbGb/s/s AT 300 METERS

Page 55: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 49

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Optical bandwidth for LazrSPEED™ fibres

The higher bandwidth of LazrSPEED optical fibres is achievedby reducing the delay differences of the different transmissionmodes. At expense of a slightly higher loss, the bandwidth isincreased to handle 10 Gb/s over 300 m length when laser sourcesare applied. Due to the loss, the LazrSPEED fibre supports thesame applications as traditional multimode fibre for distances upto 1 km and supports shorter distances for longer lengths. Pleasenote that the bandwidth for 1300 nm wavelength is the same asfor traditional multimode optical fibres. Below you find thebandwidth for LED (overfilled) light sources and for laserlightsources.

Bandwidth:

Overfill 500 MHz.km @ 850 nm500 MHz.km @ 1300 nm

Laser 2200 MHz.km @ 850 nm500 MHz.km @1300 nm

Page 56: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 50

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

SYSTIMAX SCS SUBSYSTEMS

Work Area

Horizontal

Riser Backbone

Adminis tration

EquipmentCampus Backbone

Page 57: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 51

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling Systems(SCS)

� Based on the industry Standard for Commercial Buildings(EIA/TIA 568-A)

� Uses structured subsystem approach

− Work Area

− Horizontal

− Riser Backbone

− Administration

− Equipment Room

− Campus

Page 58: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 52

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

WORK AREA SUBSYSTEM

Work Area

Page 59: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 53

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Work Area Subsystem

� The Work Area Subsystem components connect theTelecommunication outlet (TO) end of the HorizontalSubsystem to the voice or data terminal equipment. Thestation equipment may be any number of devices including,but not limited to, telephones, data terminals and computers.

� Although work area wiring is critical to a well-manageddistribution system, it is usually non permanent and designedto easily facilitate changes and rearrangement of theconnected devices.

� The work area wiring subsystem consists of the cords andadapters that connect devices to TOs. It includes mountingcords and connectors as well as extension cords needed tomake connections.

� Certain types of equipment may be needed in the connectionbetween the station device and the TO. These adapter typedevices are generally needed to match the transmissioncharacteristics of the connected device to the transmissioncharacteristics of the unshielded twisted pair distributionsystem. These devices are not required if the connecteddevice is equipped with an 8-position modular port.

Page 60: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 54

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

HORIZONTAL SUBSYSTEM

Horizontal

Page 61: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 55

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Horizontal Subsystem

� The Horizontal Subsystem covers the distance from the WorkArea to the Telecommunications Closet (TC). It includes theTO and the transmission media used to extend the outlet tothe TC. Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supportsthe use of 4-pair and 25-pair 24-gauge UTP cables andmultimode and singlemode fibre optical cables in theHorizontal Subsystem. The horizontal wiring is terminatedon a Telecommunication outlet in the Work Area and oncross-connect or interconnect hardware in the TC. Thehorizontal wiring shall be a star topology with each WorkArea TO connected to a TC or to an Equipment Room (ER).

� The maximum length of the horizontal cable run is 295 feet(90 meters).

Page 62: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 56

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

RISER BACKBONE SUBSYSTEM

Riser Backbone

Page 63: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 57

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Riser Backbone Subsystem

� The Backbone (sometimes called Riser) Subsystem is theportion of the SYSTIMAX SCS that provides the main (orfeeder) cable routes in a building. It usually supplies themultiple circuit facilities between two locations, especiallywhere system common equipment is located at a central point.The Backbone Subsystem consists of the copper cabling or acombination of the copper and optical fibre cabling along withthe associated hardware used to bring this cable to otherlocations.

� For communications within a building, the BackboneSubsystem connects telecommunications closets to equipmentareas. These areas may be a single main equipment room, ormultiple equipment locations within the building.

� To provide communications access to outside networks, theBackbone Subsystem joins the trunk Cross-connect and thenetwork interface portion of the network facility owned by theTelephone Company. The network interfaces usually locatedin a room adjacent or near the equipment room. The networkinterface defines the demarcation between facilities and thePremises Distribution System.

� The maximum allowable backbone cable length is 2624 feet(800 meters) when voice-grade UTP cables are used. Whenusing Categories 3, 4, or 5 cables, lengths should be limited to295 feet (90 meters). Multimode fibre optic cables may be upto 6,560 feet (2,000 meters) and Singlemode cables may be upto 9,840 feet (3,000 meters). While it is recognised that thecapabilities of singlemode fibre may allow for greaterdistances, more than 9,840 feet (3,000 meters) is considered toextend outside the scope of the TIA/EIA-568A standard.

Page 64: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 58

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM

Administration

Adminis tration

Page 65: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 59

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Administration Subsystem

� The Administration Subsystem consists of: the cross-connectsand interconnects that are made to join two subsystemstogether or to assign common equipment circuits to asubsystem, the termination hardware, colour coding andnumbering schemes and record keeping. The AdministrationSubsystem must be compliant with EIA/TIA-606.

� Cross-connects and interconnects allow easy administrationof common equipment circuits for routing and rerouting tovarious parts of a building or a campus. They are made withjumper wires or patch cords. A jumper wire is a short lengthof unjacketed copper conductors (1, 2, 3 or 4 pairs), whereasa patch cord contains stranded conductors in a PVC jacketand has connectors at both ends. Patch cords provide an easyway to rearrange circuits without the need for the specialtools required to install jumper wires.

Page 66: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 60

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

EQUIPMENT SUBSYSTEM

EquipmentSubsystem

MDF

Page 67: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 61

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Equipment Subsystem

� The Equipment Subsystem consists of shared, commoncommunications equipment and the transmission mediarequired to terminate this equipment on connecting hardware.

� The Equipment Room Subsystem is made up of the cable,connectors and associated support hardware in an equipmentroom. These are used to extend the common equipmentcircuits to the main cross-connect wall field for connection tothe Premises Distribution System.

Page 68: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 62

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

CAMPUS SUBSYSTEM

Campus Backbone

Page 69: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 63

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Campus Subsystem

� The Campus Subsystem extends the cabling in one building tocommunication devices and equipment in other buildings onthe premises. It is the portion of the distribution system thatincludes the transmission media and support hardwarerequired to provide an inter-building communication facility.It consists of copper cable, optical fibre cable, earthing andelectrical protection devices that are used to prevent electricalsurges on the cable from entering buildings.

� Fibre optic cable is often used as the Campus Backbonemedium because it is immune to Electromagnetic Interferenceand Radio Frequency Interference (EMI and RFI) and canextend the distance over which signals can travel betweenbuildings. Typically, the Campus Backbone Subsystemconnects buildings in the equipment rooms.

Page 70: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 64

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

TIA/EIA-568-A Building WiringStandard

MC Main Cross-Connect

ER Equipment Room

TC Telecommunications Closet

WA Work Area

S Station Equipment

EF Entrance Facilities

IC Intermediate Cross-Connect

Cross Connect

s

WA

TC

ER & EF

HorizontalWiring

Telecommunications Outlet

LEGEND

s

s

WA

TC

ER

HorizontalWiring

BUILDING 1

BUILDING 2

IC

MC

&EF

IC

InterbuildingBackbone Wiring

BackboneWiring

BackboneWiring

s

Page 71: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 65

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

TIA/EIA-568-A Building Wiring Standard

� The TIA-568-A Commercial Building TelecommunicationsWiring Standard defines a wiring system that supports amulti-vendor environment. The purpose of the standard is toenable the planning and installation of building wiring withno knowledge of the telecommunications devices, which willultimately be installed in the building.

� The simple fact is that all major voice, data, and computersystems vendors acknowledge the economic benefits, interms of initial cost and maintenance and administrationcosts, of placing a universal wiring system in commercialbuildings at the time of initial construction or majorrenovation.

� The TIA-568-A standard calls for a physical star topology.The example shown here illustrates the terminology used inthe standard and shows a typical physical layout. Theelements of the wiring system include:

− Horizontal Wiring− Backbone Wiring− Work Area− Telecommunications Closets− Equipment Rooms− Administration Points− Entrance Facilities

� Maximum cable distances as specified for UTP by TIA-568Aare as follows:

− Horizontal Wiring 90m (295 ft).− Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Backbone Wiring 800m

for voice and 90m for data.− Multimode (MM) Fibre Backbone 2 Km.− Single mode (SM) Fibre Backbone 3 Km (longer

distances possible).− Work Area 3m (10 ft).− Jumper and Patch cords lengths in Telecommunications

Closets 6m (20 ft).− Total allowed for cords in the Work Area plus patch

cords, jumpers and equipment cables in theTelecommunications closet for each horizontal channel:10m (33 ft).

− Jumper and Patch cords lengths in Equipment Rooms20m (66 ft).

Page 72: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 66

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

OTHER STANDARDS

EIA/TIA-569

EIA/TIA-570EIA/TIA-606 EIA/TIA-607

ANSIUL

IEEE802.3

IEEE802.5

IS 11801TSB-75TSB-67

Page 73: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 67

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Other Standards• EIA/TIA-569 Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications

Pathways and Spaces provides guidelines for the design of horizontal, and workarea pathways, building entrance facilities, tel. closets, and equipment rooms.

• EIA/TIA-570 Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiringreplaces EIA/TIA 568 as the primary standard in these environments.

• EIA/TIA-606 Administration Standards for the TelecommunicationsInfrastructure of Commercial Buildings provides guidelines for labelling andadministering the components, which comprise a structured wiring system.

• EIA/TIA-607 Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements forTelecommunications describes a standard method for distributing signal groundthroughout a building.

• TSB-67 Transmission Performance Specification for Field Testing of UTPCabling Systems includes hand-held test set specifications, test configurationsand limits for site testing of UTP systems.

• TSB-72 Centralized Optical Fibre Cabling Guidelines supplements TIA-568Awith home-run architectures for fibre optic installations.

• TSB-75 Additional Horizontal Cabling Practices for Open Offices allows theinclusion of Consolidation Points and Multi-user Outlets for added flexibility.

• IS 11801 Generic Cabling for Customer Premises is the ISO/IEC standardbased on TIA-568A

• ANSI Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Standards describe a set ofrules for the implementation of 100 Mbps token ring networks on fibre optic,STP, and UTP cabling systems.

• IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Access Method describes various implementations ofthe 10 Mbps Ethernet network, including the 10BASE-T (UTP) and 10BASE-F(fibre) physical medium dependent options.

• IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Access Method describes the implementation of tokenring networks.

• NFPA 70 U.S. National Electrical Code describes practices necessary forsafeguarding people and property from hazards, such as electrical shock andfire, arising from the use of electricity. Local codes must be followed whereapplicable.

Page 74: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 68

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

This page is intentionally left blank

Page 75: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 69

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS Applications

The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports thefollowing specific applications:

� Voice Applications

− Analogue Voice− Digital Voice− Remote Switch Modules

� Terminal-to-Host Data Applications

− IBM 3270− IBM System 3X and AS/400− WANG OIS and VS− EIA-232− UNISYS Air Land− UNISYS Advanced TeleCluster− Fujitsu M System− ICL DRS-Connect− Pilkington Flexilink 6000 System

� Local Area Network Applications

− IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T/FL Networks− IEEE 802.3 100BASE-T2/T4/TX/FX Networks− IEEE 802.12 100VG Demand Priority LAN’s− IEEE 802.3 1000BASE-T/SX/LX Networks− 133/266/531/1062 Fibre channel applications− TP-PMD Networks− IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Networks− Farallon PhoneNET

Page 76: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 70

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS APPLICATIONS (Cont'd)

� Enterprise Network Applications

− FDDI− ATM

� Video Applications

− Baseband Composite Video− Baseband RGB Video− Broadband Video

NOTE: Detailed recommendations for implementing a particularapplication may be found in the appropriate AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS Application Guide and in theAvaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS PerformanceSpecifications.

The following colour code is recommended for labelling circuitterminations. This is the colour scheme also shown in the EIA-606 Standard.

Page 77: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 71

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

COLOR CODED CIRCUIT LABELSDESIGNATION STRIPS

■ Blue: Station Connections from a Telecommunicationoutlet (TO) located in an office or other work area.

■ White: Riser backbone connections. Cables terminatedon a white field run between equipment rooms andtelecommunication closets.

■ Brown: Campus backbone cable connections. Cablesterminated on a brown field run between equipmentroom and buildings on a campus.

■ Grey: Tie backbone cables run betweentelecommunication closets.

■ Green: The incoming trunks from the telephonecompany central office.

■ Purple: Leads from such system-common equipmentas a PBX, data switch, or multiplexer.

■ Yellow: Auxiliary equipment connections andmiscellaneous

■ Orange: Network Interface.

Page 78: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 72

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.##

ANALOG VOICE APPLICATION

110C-4

BLUEWHITE

PURPLE WHITE

BackboneCable

110C-3

HorizontalCable

AnalogLineCord

VoiceOutlet

Pair 1

Pair 1

25-PairCable

AnalogTelephone8 Ports

Analog orDigitalPBX

Page 79: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 73

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Voice Applications

Analogue Voice Application

The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supportsanalogue voice connections using the D6AP modular cord and25-pair connectorised cables. A single-line analogue voice phoneutilises only one pair of wires for operation. The modular plug onthe telephone end of the mounting cord must be a 6-position plugin order to fit into the modular jack on the telephone set.

When plugged into the 8-pin modular voice outlet, the plug on theoutlet end of the phone cord centres itself in the jack such that thecentre two pins (4 & 5) are accessed. These two pins areconnected to pair 1 of the horizontal cable. At thetelecommunications closet, this pair (blue field) is cross-connected to the appropriate pair in the voice network backbonecable (white field).

The voice backbone cable is terminated on 110AW2-x00 wiringblocks at both ends using 110C3, 110C4, or 110C5 connectors.At the equipment room, the backbone pair (white field) is cross-connected to the proper telephone line number on the voiceswitch (purple field). For this connection, 110 patch cords orcross-connect wire may be used.

A Avaya Communication 25-pair preconnectorised cable is usedfor connecting the line ports of the switch to the purple field 110wiring block. The equipment end of this cable may utilise a 50-pin TELCO connector. The wiring end of this cable may beunterminated or may use a connector. Unterminated cables arefield terminated on a 110-wiring block. Preconnectorised cablesmay be plugged into connectorised 110 patch panels.

Page 80: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 74

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

White/BlueBlue/WhiteWhite/OrangeOrange/White

White/GreenGreen/WhiteWhite/BrownBrown/White

12345678

1

2

3

4

1 2 3 4

Connected toCloset Power Supply

X ConnectData XMT

X ConnectData REC

X ConnectAnalog Voice

4 x UTP

To Closet To Device

Front View of AT&T 8 Pin Modular Jack

Cable Designation T2 R2 T3 R1 T1 R3 T4 R4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Pin #s

Lucent 8-Pin IO

Pair 1

Pair 2

Pair 3

Pair 4

Analog Voice

Data XMT

Data REC

Power

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 8-PIN INFORMATION OUTLET

110 C4Conn. Blk.

W/BL BL/W W/O O/W W/G G/W W/BR BR/W

T568B

Page 81: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 75

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Analogue Voice Application (Cont'd)

Two-line analogue phones may be equipped with 4-wire cordsintended to be used with 6-pin modular jacks. These phones usepins 4 & 5 of the 8-pin modular jack for Line 1 and pins 3 & 6 forLine 2. Each line requires a separate cable pair. At the blue fieldin the telecommunications closet, pins 4 & 5 appear as pair 1.Pins 3 & 6 appear as pair 3. In this case, two 1 pair cross-connects are required at the telecommunications closet and at theequipment room, one for each line. The voice switch (PBX) isconnected to the 110-wiring block (purple field) via aconnectorised 25-pair cable.

Page 82: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 76

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

DIGITAL VOICE APPLICATION

110C-4

BLUEWHITE

PURPLE WHITE

BackboneCable

110C-3

HorizontalCable

D8BACord

VoiceOutlet

Pairs 2 & 3

25-PairCable

DigitalTelephone8 Ports

Analog orDigitalPBX

Pairs 2 & 3

Page 83: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 77

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Digital Voice Application

The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports digitalvoice connections using modular cords and connectorised cables.A digital phone may utilise from one to four pairs of wires foroperation. This depends upon the specific model of the phone.When a Avaya Communication 7400-series digital phone isplugged into the 8-pin modular voice outlet, pairs 2 and 3 of thehorizontal cable are utilised. At the telecommunications closet,these pairs (blue field) are cross-connected to the appropriatepairs in the voice network backbone cable (white field).

The voice backbone cable is terminated on 110 wiring blocks atboth ends. At the equipment room, the backbone pairs (whitefield) are cross-connected to the proper telephone line number onthe voice switch (purple field). For this connection, 110 patchcords or cross-connect wire may be used.

A Avaya Communication 25-pair preconnectorised cable is usedfor connecting the line ports of the switch to the purple field 110wiring block. The equipment end of this cable may utilise a 50-pin TELCO connector. The wiring end of this cable may beunterminated, or may use a connector. Unterminated cables arefield terminated on a 110 wiring block. Preconnectorised cablesmay be plugged into connectorised 110 patch panels.

Page 84: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 78

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.4

REMOTE SWITCH MODULEAPPLICATION

Fiber OpticBackbone/CampusCable

DigitalPBX

FiberOptic

FiberOpticJumpers

LIU

LIULIU

LIU

RemoteSwitchModule

Page 85: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 79

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Remote Switch Module Application

In large private voice networks, it may be advantageous to installa large PBX at a central site and connect it to remote switchmodules at various remote sites. Usually, this connectionrequires the use of a pair of multimode fibres. The AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS supports these connectionsusing fibre optic cables and apparatus.

The fibres from the main PBX are terminated with ST or SCconnectors in a Fibre Optic Interconnection Unit (FOIU). Two ofthese fibres are connected to two fibres in the appropriate fibreoptic backbone cable using ST- or SC-connectorised fibre opticjumper cables.

At the remote switch location, the fibres from the remoteswitching module are terminated with ST or SC connectors in aLIU. Two of these fibres are connected to two fibres in theappropriate fibre optic backbone campus cable using ST- or SC-connectorised fibre optic jumper cables.

Page 86: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 80

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

This page is intentionally left blank

Page 87: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 81

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

TERMINAL-TO-HOST DATA APPLICATIONS

There are many popular implementations of terminal-to-host datacommunications systems. With these systems, data processing istypically performed at a centralised computer (host). Data isinput at a terminal. Avaya Communication' SYSTIMAX SCS isa structured cabling system, which supports many variousterminal-to-host applications.

The difference between the various applications is the type ofUTP balun or adapter used. Please refer to the application guidesfor details.

Page 88: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 82

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.5

LAN COMPONENTS

a016.001b S

NETWORKINTERFACE

CARD

WORKSTATIONSOFTWARE

NETWORKINTERFACE

CARD

NETWORKINTERFACE

CARD

WORKSTATIONSOFTWARE

SERVERSOFTWARE

WORKSTATION WORKSTATION SERVER

NETWORKHUBUNIT

Page 89: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 83

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Local Area Network Applications

With a terminal-to-host network, the terminal serves as a device forinputting data to a centralised computer, which does all of the dataprocessing. With a Local Area Network (LAN), each user has aPersonal Computer (PC) rather than a terminal. With a PC LAN, dataprocessing occurs in every PC rather than at a centralised computer.The LAN provides connectivity among all of the PCs for theexchange of data. As illustrated on the facing page, the basic components of a LANinclude:

� Servers

� Workstations

� Network Interface Cards

� Cabling

� Hubs

� Software In addition to these basic components, more complex LANs mayinclude interconnection devices such as:

� Bridges

� Routers

� Switches

� Gateways

Page 90: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 84

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

LAN Topologies

The principal alternatives that determine the nature of a LAN are thephysical and logical topologies and the transmission medium used forthe network. The term topology, in the context of a LAN, refers tothe way in which servers and workstations (nodes) are interconnected. Every LAN has both physical and logical topologies associated withit.

� The physical topology is the manner in which the cables arephysically routed among the nodes of a LAN.

� The logical topology is the route followed by data frames,

which are logical groupings of information created by a LANnetwork interface card.

Page 91: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 85

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.6

PHYSICAL STAR TOPOLOGY

a016.199a S

Workstation

Workstation

WorkstationWorkstation

Server

Workstation

Workstation

Workstation

LAN Hub

Port Card

The physical topology is the manner in which the cables arephysically routed among the servers, workstations and hubs, whichcomprise a LAN. In a physical star, each LAN station is attached to acable, which runs from the station to a centralised hub. This is by farthe most popular physical LAN topology. It is used for all types ofnetworks including Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI. Physical startopologies may be configured within a hub to operate as a logical busor as a logical ring.

Page 92: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 86

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.7

PHYSICAL BUS TOPOLOGY

a016.200a S

Server Workstation WorkstationWorkstation

T T

With a physical bus, the cable is routed past each station and aresistive terminator is placed at each end of the cable. Every stationtaps into the cable through a transceiver. This physical topology isutilised by the majority of coaxial Ethernet networks. Physical bustopologies are usually configured as logical bus topologies.

Page 93: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 87

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.8

PHYSICAL RING TOPOLOGY

a016.202a S

Server

WorkstationWorkstation

Workstation

The physical ring topology may be implemented by connecting thetransmitter of one station to the receiver of an adjacent station, andcontinuing this process until all stations are connected. There are novacant jacks when the ring is completed. The problem with a physical ring is that if any station is turned off ordisconnected the ring is open. In order to implement a physical ringtopology, complex recovery mechanisms and alternative transmissionpaths must be employed. Generally speaking, physical ringtopologies are employed only in FDDI networks. Physical ringtopologies are usually configured as logical ring topologies

Page 94: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 88

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.9

LOGICAL BUS

a016.204a S

TerminationResistor Rx Rx Tx Rx Rx Termination

Resistor

The logical topology is the route followed by data frames, whichare logical groupings of information created by a LAN networkinterface card. With a logical bus, any station wishing to transmitlistens to the bus. If the bus is active, the station waits until it isquiet. If it is quiet, the station transmits a data frame. The dataframe is carried from the transmitting station to all other stationsat virtually the same time. Each receiving station makes a copyof the data frame.

It is possible that two stations may begin to transmit at the sametime. When this occurs, their data frames run into each other onthe bus which causes a "collision." The stations involved detectthe collision, stop transmitting, and wait a random amount of timebefore listening again to the bus. This access method is calledCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD).

Page 95: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 89

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

voice.10

PHYSICAL STAR TOPOLOGY(ELECTRICAL RING)

a101.285a S

WiringCloset

RXTX

TXRX

TXRXTX

RX

RX TX

With a logical ring, the data frame is carried from the originatingstation to its downstream neighbour, then to the next station, thento the next, etc. So, the data frame progresses around the logicalring, from station to station, until it returns to the originatingstation. Each station makes a copy of the data frame as it passesby.

The originating station removes the data frame from the logicalring and generates a special frame called a token. This tokenframe is passed around the ring from station to station until astation receiving the token has information to transmit on thenetwork. It then removes the token frame and transmits its owndata frame.

Page 96: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 90

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

LOCAL AREA NETWORK TOPOLOGIESLAN Type Physical Topology Logical Topology

Coaxial EthernetIEEE 802.3

10BASE5 & 10BASE2Bus Bus

UTP EthernetIEEE 802.3 10BASE-T,100Base-T, 1000Base-T

Star Bus

Fibre EthernetIEEE 802.3 Star BusToken RingIEEE 802.5 Star Ring

FDDIANSI X3T9.5

Ringor Star Ring

The table above illustrates the physical and logical topologiesassociated with popular LANs. Note that Ethernet networksalways operate with a logical bus topology regardless of thephysical topology employed. Token ring networks alwaysoperate with a logical ring topology regardless of the physicaltopology employed.

NOTE:10BASE5 Thick Coax10BASE2 Thin Coax10BASE-T(100BASE-T, 1000BASE-T)

24-gauge UTP

10BASE-FL (Fibre Link) 62.5µ Multimode Fibre

Page 97: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 91

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Note:

The examples in this section use a purple field for the terminationof equipment cables. Patch cords are used for cross-connectionsbetween the purple and blue fields. In the case where a LAN hubhas modular jacks, which can be labelled, it is acceptable to use apatch cord for connections between the hub and the blue fieldthus eliminating the purple field.

Page 98: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 92

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

110C-4

BLUE HorizontalCable

DataOutlet

D8CM CordLAN Hub

PURPLE

6 Ports

Pairs 2, 3

10BASE-T

WHITE

Equipment Cord

PC equipped with10BASE-T Network

Interface Card

WHITEPURPLE

6 PortsEquipment Cord

LAN Hub10BASE-T

110C-4

10BASE-T NETWORK APPLICATION

Page 99: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 93

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Network Application

The IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T standard defines a 10 MbpsCSMA/CD LAN, which uses unshielded twisted pair, cables forconnectivity. The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCSsupports 10BASE-T links up to a maximum distance of 100meters (328 ft.) over 1010/2010 cable and 150 meters (492 ft.)over 1061/2061 cable.

A Avaya Communication D8BA or D8CM double-endedmodular cord is used to interface the 10BASE-T NetworkInterface Card (NIC) to the data outlet. The NIC transmits overpins 1 and 2 and receives over pins 3 and 6 of the 8-pin modularjack. At the telecommunications closet, a 2-pair patch cord isused to cross-connect pairs 2 and 3 from the horizontal cable to aport on the 10BASE-T hub.

Hub ports are sometimes connected to the purple field usingsingle-ended D8BA or D8CM cords with the unterminated endpunched down on a 110-connecting block. Alternatively, hubports may be connected to the purple field using 25-pair cablesequipped with 50-pin TELCO connectors. In this case, the 110connecting block is a factory-connectorised version. 10BASE-Thub ports (purple field) may also be patched to pairs in abackbone cable (white field) for connection to another 10BASE-T hub located in a remote telecommunications closet orequipment room.

A Master Hub Unit is used when hubs in many closets need to beinterconnected. There is a time delay restraint, which limits thenumber of hub units (normally 3) between the end points.

Page 100: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 94

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

10basebw.2

Fiber OpticHorizontal

Cable

FiberOutlet

Dual FiberPatch Cord

10BASE-FLLAN Hub

10BASE-FL NETWORKAPPLICATION

PC equipped with10BASE-FL Network

Interface Card

LIUDual FiberPatch Cord

LIU

Fiber OpticBackbone

Cable

LIU

10BASE-FLLAN Hub

Dual FiberPatch Cord

Page 101: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 95

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

IEEE 802.3 10BASE-FL Network Application

The IEEE 802.3 10BASE-FL standard defines a 10 MbpsCSMA/CD LAN, which uses 62.5-micron core/125-microncladding multimode fibre optic cables for connectivity. Whenfibre is used in the horizontal, for 10BASE-FL connections, theAvaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports distances upto a maximum of 6,560 ft. (2,000m).

Page 102: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 96

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

prdctsbw.2m-k006

TOKEN RING NETWORK

370C1 Adapter

Page 103: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 97

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application

The IEEE 802.5 standard defines a 4 or 16 Mbps token ringLAN which uses Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), UnshieldedTwisted Pair (UTP), and/or fibre optic cables for connectivity.

The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports tokenring LAN hardware from a variety of vendors. Each of thevendor's equipment configurations has been thoroughly tested atAvaya Communication Bell Laboratories through the AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS vendor test program.

Token ring NICs typically uses a shielded DB9 connector for thecable interface. The top two pins are the data IN port and thebottom two pins are the data OUT port. Both the data IN anddata OUT circuits have a characteristic impedance of 150 Ohms.Because these NICs were initially designed for use with STPcables, there are no signal filters on the NIC.

Avaya Communication’ 370C1 adapter matches the 150 Ohmimpedance of the NIC data IN and data OUT circuits to the 100Ohm impedance of the UTP cables used in the AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS. In addition, the adaptercontains a filter that severely attenuates frequencies above 30MHz as they pass from the data OUT circuit onto the cable. Thisfiltering assures that the system meets the requirements of FCCRules & Regulations Part 15, Subpart J for electromagneticinterference.

UTP token ring NICs include an impedance matching and filtercircuit, which terminates in an 8-pin modular jack. A D8SA cordis used to connect this type of NIC to the data outlet. Some tokenring NICs have both the STP (DB9) and UTP (Modular Jack)interfaces.

Note: For 370 Adapter refer to Product Guide

Page 104: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 98

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

16MB NIC

4x UTP

11OC-4

PAIR 1,3 (2)

BLUE

370C1ADAPTEROR D8SA/d8GSCORD

I/O

TOKEN RING NETWORK APPLICATION

PAIR 1,3 (2)

11OC-3

PAIR 1,3 (2)

11OC-3

16MB NIC

4x UTP

11OC-4

PAIR 1,3 (2)

BLUE

370C1ADAPTEROR D8SACORD

I/O

110P6CAT5-B PATCH CORD

2-9 FT LONG (.6 - 2.7 m)

110P6CAT5-B PATCH CORD

2-9 FT LONG(.6-2.7 m)

1010/2010 CABLE - 72 TERMINALS 124' (37.8 METERS)1061/2061 CABLE - 104 TERMINALS 328' (100 METERS)

PATCH CORD

MAU

RINGOUT

RINGOUT

MIC TO MIC114P4E-A

MIC to Unterminated Cord

115P4E-15A

RINGIN

RINGIN

8 PORTS 8 PORTS

PURPLEPURPLE

DataOutlet

DataOutlet

Page 105: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 99

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application (Cont'd)

This table indicates the following parameters for a variety ofhardware types:

� The token ring hub type

� NIC manufacturer

� Maximum number of stations allowed on a ring segment

� Maximum allowable lobe length

HUB NIC Max. Stations Max. Lobe LengthIBM 8228 IBM 104 100 m*IBM 8230 IBM 100 100 m�

IBM 8228 NCR 104 100 m*SynOptics IBM Depends� 100 m*

Raylan IBM 250 1,000 m�

RAD RAD 256 Note 1

∗ Equivalent electrical lobe length. Allowances for 370C1 media filter, patch cords, and equipment cables must be subtracted to determine actual horizontal cable length.

� 100 meters of 1061/2061 cable plus up to 10 m of patch cordsand equipment cords

� 72 stations over 1010/2010 cable132 stations over 1061/2061 cable

� Maximum attenuation of 11.5 dB @ 850 nm wavelength

Note 1: Passive Modules 328 Ft. (100m)/UTPActive Modules 590.4 Ft. (180m)/UTPActive Modules 9,840 Ft. (3 km)/Fibre or OpticalLoss less than 11 dB

Page 106: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 100

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

110C-4

BLUE HorizontalCable

DataOutlet

LAN Hub

PURPLE

110C-3

Equipment Cord

3-pairPatch Cord

Pairs 1,3

Token Ring

TOKEN RING NETWORKAPPLICATION

NOTE: D8CM Cord if UTP NIC is Used

PC equipped withIBM Token Ring

Network Interface Card

8 Ports

370C1Adapter

Page 107: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 101

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application (Cont'd)

A Avaya Communication 370C1 adapter is used to interface thetoken ring NIC to the data outlet. The 370C1 adapter transmitsover pins 3 and 6 and receives over pins 4 and 5 of the 8-pinmodular jack.

At the telecommunications closet, a 3-pair patch cord is used tocross-connect pairs 1 and 3 from the horizontal cable to a port onthe token ring network hub. Hub ports are connected to thepurple field using single-ended cords. The connectorised end ofthe cord requires an IBM Data Connector or modular plug. Thisdepends on the particular hub type. The unterminated end of thecord is punched down on a 110 wiring block.

Some vendors allow hub Ring IN and Ring OUT ports to bepatched to pairs in a backbone cable for connection to anothertoken ring hub located in a remote telecommunications closet orequipment room. Other vendors require the use of fibre forconnections between hub Ring IN and Ring OUT ports.

NOTE:

Refer to the appropriate Application Guide for specificrequirements.

Page 108: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 102

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

LOCAL ATM NETWORK APPLICATION

110C-4

BLUE HorizontalCable

DataOutlet

PURPLE

6 Ports

Pairs 2, 4

ATM NetworkSwitch or Concentratorwith ATM modules

WHITE

Equipment Cord

PC equippedwith an ATMAdapter Card

WHITEPURPLE

6 Ports

Equipment Cord

110C-4

ATM NetworkSwitch

D8CM CordRiser cable

Cat 5

Page 109: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 103

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

ATM Forum UTP application

Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports a localAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network using UTP cablingsystem components that are compliant with the following ATMPhysical Medium Dependent Interface Specifications:� 155.52Mbps using nonreturn to zero (NRZ) signalling overUTP Category 5 cabling.� 155.52Mbps using CAP64 signalling over UTP Category 3, 4and 5 cabling.� 51.84 Mbps using CAP16 signalling over UTP Category 3, 4,and 5 cabling (including the sub-rates of 25.92 and 12.96 Mbps).� 25.6 Mbps using NRZ signalling over UTP Category 3, 4, and5 cabling.ATM network switches come in two types: stand alone switchesand multiple-module switches. The number of ports in a switch ismanufacturer dependent. An area with many workstations mayrequire multiple stand-alone switches linked together withconnecting cords, or additional switch modules inserted into amultiple-module housing with the switch modules linked via thebackplane in the housing.A D8CM modular cord is used to interface the PC equipped withthe ATM interface card to the data outlet. Each station on anATM network requires two pair functionality: transmit is pair 2(pins 1 and 2) and receive is pair 4 (pins 7 and 8). At thetelecommunications closet these pairs are cross-connected fromthe horizontal cable in the blue field to the respective ATMswitch port in the purple field.

Page 110: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 104

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Supported Link Lengths for Network Switch Ports

Application Type Cable Type Maximum LinkLength

155.52 Mbps NRZ UTP-CAT5 100 m155.52 Mbps CAP64 UTP-CAT3

UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5

100 m140 m150 m

51.84 Mbps CAP16

Sub-rate 25.92 Mbps

Sub-rate 12.96 Mbps

UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5

UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5

UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5

100 m140 m160 m

150 m223 m255 m

183 m280 m300 m

25.6 Mbps NRZ UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5

100 m140 m150 m

NOTE: The TIA/EIA-568-A Standard allows a 90m cablemaximum from the TO to the blue field. SYSTIMAX SCSrecommends that installations comply with the standard to ensurecompatibility with future applications.

Page 111: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 105

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

ATM Forum UTP application (Cont’d)

The ATM switch can be connected to the purple field usingmodular single-ended cords, punching down the unterminated endon a 110-wiring block. When the switch is equipped with 25-pairconnectors, a 25-pair cable with 50 pin TELCO connectors can beused to terminate it on the purple field.It’s allowed to reduce the number of connections by moving thepurple field function to the switch, provided that the equipmentcan be properly labelled and connected through patch cords to theblue field without using adapters.The ATM switch can also be linked to other ATM switch locatedin a remote telecommunications closet or equipment room,through a Category 5 riser cable, either 25-pair or 4-pair. In thesecases the distance between switches is equivalent to a link length.Depending on the application type, SYSTIMAX supports linkdistances from 100m over 1010/2010 cable up to 300m over1061/2061 cable.

Page 112: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 106

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

HorizontalCable

Outlet

Concentratorwith ATM modules

FIBRE CONNECTIVITY OF ATM SWITCHES

PC equipped withan ATM adapter

Card

LIU

Dual FibrePatch Cord

Fibre OpticBackbone

Cable

Dual FibrePatch Cord

BLUE

D8CM Cord

Concentratorwith ATM modules

LIU

Equipment Cord

HorizontalCable

Outlet

PC equipped withan ATM adapter

Card

BLUE

D8CM Cord

Page 113: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 107

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

ATM connectivity for switches using fibre

When the distance requirement exceeds the supported length forUTP cable, a 62.5/125 µm multimode graded-index orsinglemode fibre optic cable can connect switches. The fibre opticcable type supported and link length supported between switchesis manufacturer dependant.A Lightguide Interconnect Unit (LIU) houses the fibre opticbackbone cable, which is terminated with ST or SC connectors.Two dual-fibre patch cords are required to connect the switch tothe backbone cable.

Page 114: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 108

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

Summary

In this lesson, the basic concepts of a premises cabling systemand in particular the primary qualities of a structured cablingsystem were presented. A structured cabling system was definedas a cohesive way of organising a cabling system and the basicrules governing its design and implementation were provided.Consistency, flexibility and adherence to a standard designformula were identified as the prime qualities of a structuredcabling system.

Avaya Communication, formerly Lucent Technologies, wasidentified as a pioneer in the creation of structured cablingsystems. Our initial offering in 1985, the SYSTIMAX PremisesDistribution System (known as PDS) actually provided thepattern for the current TIA -568-A telecommunications cablingstandard.

Today, Avaya Communication offers SYSTIMAX SCS, whichhandles voice, data, video, and image signals (includingapplications for industrial, education, and health-care markets); aswell as signals created by intelligent building control systemssuch as HVAC, security, and FLS.

A discussion of each of the six SYSTIMAX SCS subsystemsprovided critical parameters for each subsystem, along with ageneral description of the subsystem’s function and the productscommonly used. The information provided indicates thatSYSTIMAX SCS utilises 24-gauge copper twisted pair cablesalong with multimode and single mode fibre optic cables as itstransmission media. The use of these types of transmission mediamake it possible for the SYSTIMAX SCS to support the voice,data, video and image requirements of the systems being placedin buildings today and also in the foreseeable future.

Page 115: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 109

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

LESSON 1 SYSTIMAX SCS OVERVIEW QUIZ

1. T F SYSTIMAX SCS divides a complete structured wiring system into six subsystems, whilethe TIA/EIA 568-A standard divides it into seven subsystems.

2. T F A structured cabling system, such as SYSTIMAX SCS, can be used for alltelecommunications needs, now and in the future.

3. T F SYSTIMAX SCS supports the use of 26-gauge UTP cables along with multimode andsinglemode fibre optic cables.

4. T F The work area subsystem includes the Telecommunication outlet.

5. T F The maximum length of a horizontal cable run is 328 feet (100m).

6. T F The backbone (riser) subsystem generally utilises 4-pair cables.

7. T F The performance of cables meeting the proposed Category 6 standard is specified atfrequencies up to 250 MHz.

8. T F Crosstalk is the loss of energy, which occurs as a signal travels over a cable.

9. T F In a balanced circuit, neither of the signal-carrying conductors is grounded.

10. T F The Administration Subsystem components connect the Telecommunication outlet (TO)end of the Horizontal Subsystem to the voice or data equipment.

11. T F Delay Skew indicates the maximum propagation delay difference between pairs.

12. T F The PowerSum NEXT measurement assumes one disturbing pair and determines theamount of signal coupled into other pairs in the cable.

13. T F PowerSum NEXT compliance ensures that signals of the same type can coexist in the samecable.

14. T F Shielding effectiveness is independent of the grounding structure.

15. T F Bit-rate refers to how many bits can be transmitted in a given time period.

16. T F The two basic physical mechanisms that cause fibre to lose light are scattering anddispersion.

17. T F Modal dispersion occurs in singlemode fibre

18. T F Electrical protection devices are not included in the campus subsystem.

19. T F Blue coloured labels are used for identifying terminations of horizontal cables inTelecommunications Closets.

Page 116: ND3321 Lesson1 Overview

ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 110

Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000

This page is intentionally left blank