Nevada Air Quality Trend Report 1998-2009 · Nevada Air Quality Trend Report, 1998-2009 January 2011 2 Review of long-term monitoring data reveals trends in the ambient air quality

Nevada Air Quality Trend Report

1998-2009

Nevada Division of Environmental Protection

Bureau of Air Quality Planning

January 2011

Nevada Air Quality Trend Report, 1998-2009

January 2011

i

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in the Nevada Air Quality Trend Report, 1998-2009 report is

for public use; every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy. The information

presented is as timely and accurate as practicable; no expressed or implied guarantees are

made. Information contained herein may be freely distributed and used for

noncommercial, scientific, and educational purposes.

Inquiries made in reference to this report should be directed to:

Bureau of Air Quality Planning

901 South Stewart Street, Suite 4003

Carson City, Nevada 89701-5249

Telephone: (775) 687-9349

http://ndep.nv.gov/baqp/index.htm


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TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER....................................................................................................... I TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... II ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................. IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................... A 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1

1.2 NEVADA AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK 2

1.3 ATTAINMENT STATUS OF AREAS 6

2 CRITERIA POLLUTANTS ............................................................................ 8 2.1 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 8

2.2 CARBON MONOXIDE 10

2.2.1 NATIONAL CARBON MONOXIDE TREND ........................................................... 11

2.2.2 CARBON MONOXIDE TRENDS IN BAQP’s MONITORING NETWORK ........... 12

2.3 LEAD 15

2.3.1 NATIONAL LEAD TREND ........................................................................................ 16

2.4 NITROGEN DIOXIDE 17

2.4.1 NATIONAL NITROGEN DIOXIDE TREND ............................................................. 18

2.5 GROUND-LEVEL OZONE 19

2.5.1 NATIONAL GROUND-LEVEL OZONE TREND ..................................................... 21

2.5.2 OZONE TRENDS IN BAQP’s MONITORING NETWORK ..................................... 22

2.6 PARTICULATE MATTER 28

2.6.1 NATIONAL PM2.5 TREND .......................................................................................... 31

2.6.2 PM2.5 TRENDS IN BAQP’s MONITORING NETWORK .......................................... 32

2.6.3 NATIONAL PM10 TREND .......................................................................................... 36

2.6.4 PM10 TRENDS IN BAQP’s MONITORING NETWORK .......................................... 37

2.7 SULFUR DIOXIDE 42

2.7.1 NATIONAL SULFUR DIOXIDE TREND .................................................................. 44

2.7.2 SO2 EMISSIONS BY SOURCE SECTOR ................................................................... 44

APPENDICIES

Appendix A – Monitoring Station Descriptions ................................................................47

Appendix B – Monitoring Data Availability .....................................................................73

Appendix C – Monitoring Data .........................................................................................76


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ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

Nevada’s 15 Rural Counties: Carson City, Churchill, Douglas, Elko, Esmeralda,

Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, Lincoln, Lyon, Mineral,

Nye, Pershing, Storey, and White Pine

AMSL: Above Mean Sea Level

BAQP: Bureau of Air Quality Planning

BAM: Beta Attenuation Monitor

BTU: British Thermal Unit

CAA: Clean Air Act

CFR: Code of Federal Regulations

CO: Carbon Monoxide

DCNR: Department of Conservation and Natural Resources

GDP/GSP: Gross Domestic Product/Gross State Product

H2S: Hydrogen Sulfide

IMPROVE: Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual

Environments

NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standard

NAC: Nevada Administrative Code

NDEP: Nevada Division of Environmental Protection

O3: Ozone

Pb: Lead

PM2.5: Particulate Matter less than 2.5 microns

PM10: Particulate Matter less than 10 microns

SLAMS: State and Local Air Monitoring Station

SO2: Sulfur Dioxide

SPMS: Special Purpose Monitoring Station

USEPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This Trend Report presents ambient air quality data collected by the State of Nevada and

the California Air Resources Board. The Nevada Department of Conservation and

Natural Resources (DCNR), Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), Bureau of

Air Quality Planning (BAQP) gratefully acknowledges the ambient monitoring data

contributions of the California Air Resources Board, Monitoring and Laboratory

Division. The cover photo is of the Big Smoky Valley in central Nevada; provided

courtesy of Michelle Stamates of NDEP.

BAQP's ambient monitoring staff consists of:

Joleen Guddat

Tyson Harris

Steve Hoelscher

Lorraine Krecidlo

Daniel Timmons

Daren Winkelman

mailto:[email protected]







January 2011

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The primary purpose of BAQP’s ambient monitoring network is to determine current and

projected concentrations of ambient air pollutants within the state, ensure current resource

management strategies are working properly, and to develop new measures by which the

ambient air quality standards will continue to be attained.

The BAQP’s current active monitoring network consists of monitors located in the following

towns:

Carson City – PM10, PM2.5, CO, and O3

Gardnerville – PM10, PM2.5, and O3

Stateline – CO

Fernley – PM10, PM2.5, and O3

Fallon – PM10, and O3

Elko – PM10

Pahrump – multiple sites with PM10, and one site with PM2.5

This report spans the monitoring period from 1998 to 2009. During this period, BAQP

monitored the following criteria pollutants and observed the following trends:

Carbon Monoxide (CO): Ambient concentrations of CO have decreased and

remained well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS);

Ground-Level Ozone (O3): Ambient concentrations of O3 have remained steady and

below the current 2008 NAAQS;

Particulate Matter ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5): Ambient concentrations of PM2.5

have trended upward in Carson City and Gardnerville and are approaching the

NAAQS. The BAQP is in the process of analyzing samples to determine the cause(s)

of the elevated levels. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5 have decreased in Fernley.

Particulate Matter ≤10 micrometers in diameter (PM10): PM10 monitoring

conducted in Elko since 2006 has shown a decline in ambient concentrations.

Monitoring conducted in Pahrump shows that annual concentrations of PM10 have

decreased and remain well below the annual standard. The 24-hour PM10

concentrations in Pahrump remain steady at or near the standard. However, the

number of actual exceedances of the 24-hour standard have been reduced, most of

which occurred during uncontrollable high wind events.

It should be noted that the USEPA is actively reviewing and revising several of the

NAAQS. Generally, these reviews are resulting in revised standards that are more stringent.

More stringent standards may affect the future attainment status within the 15 Rural

Counties. As a result, the BAQP may be required to expand the State’s monitoring network.

http://epa.gov/air/criteria.html


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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Clean air is a managed natural resource. Nevada Revised Statute (NRS) 445B.100

establishes public policy regarding air quality in Nevada. This statute states:

It is the public policy of the State of Nevada . . . to achieve

and maintain levels of air quality which will protect human

health and safety, prevent injury to plant and animal life,

prevent damage to property, and preserve visibility and

scenic, esthetic and historic values of the state.

The mission of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) and Bureau of

Air Quality Planning (BAQP) is to protect and enhance the environment in order to

sustain healthy ecosystems and contribute to a vibrant economy. Our mission is

accomplished through reasonable, fair, and consistent implementation of State and

Federal air quality rules and regulations, with emphasis on objective and impartial

responsiveness to the needs of a growing population and industrial base.

Air pollution comes from a variety of sources. These include "stationary sources," such

as factories, power plants, and smelters; smaller sources, such as dry cleaners and

degreasing operations; "mobile sources," such as cars, trucks, buses, trains, and planes;

and "natural sources," such as wildfires and windblown dust.

The USEPA has set NAAQS for six principal pollutants, which are called "criteria"

pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), ground-level ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM2.5, with an aerodynamic size less than or equal to 2.5 microns, and PM10, with an

aerodynamic size less than or equal to 10 microns), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide

(NO2), and lead (Pb). There are two forms of the NAAQS – Primary and Secondary, and

they are summarized in Table 2.1. Primary standards are designed to protect human

health, including sensitive populations such as children and the elderly. Secondary

standards protect public welfare are designed to address the effects of air pollution on

vegetation and visibility.

The primary purpose of BAQP’s ambient monitoring network is to determine current and

projected concentrations of ambient air pollutants within the state, ensure current

resource management strategies are working properly, and to develop new measures by

which the ambient air quality standards will continue to be attained.

This document summarizes the ambient air data collected for the 12-year period between

1998 and 2009 from the BAQP monitoring network in Nevada’s 15 Rural Counties.3

3 Nevada’s 15 Rural Counties are Carson City, Churchill, Douglas, Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt,

Lander, Lincoln, Lyon, Mineral, Nye, Pershing, Storey, and White Pine. Clark and Washoe counties

http://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-445b.html

http://ndep.nv.gov/index.htm



http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/

http://www.accessclarkcounty.com/depts/daqem/aq/Pages/aq_index.aspx

http://www.co.washoe.nv.us/health/aqm/home.htm


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Review of long-term monitoring data reveals trends in the ambient air quality and

provides feedback on the effectiveness of measures utilized for managing the air

resource.

BAQP performs air monitoring throughout the state. The current active monitoring

network consists of monitors located in the following towns:

Carson City – PM10, PM2.5, CO, and O3

Gardnerville – PM10, PM2.5, and O3

Stateline – CO

Fernley – PM10, PM2.5, and O3

Fallon – PM10, and O3

Elko – PM10

Pahrump – multiple sites with PM10, and one site with PM2.5

It should be noted that the USEPA is actively reviewing and revising several of the

NAAQS. Generally, these reviews are resulting in revised standards that are more

stringent. More stringent standards may affect the future attainment status within the 15

Rural Counties. As a result, the BAQP may be required to expand the State’s monitoring

network. A brief discussion of all criteria pollutants under EPA review is provided in

Section 2.

operate and maintain monitoring networks separate from the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection

(NDEP) and publish their findings independently.


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1.2 NEVADA’S AIR MONITORING NETWORK

The BAQP operates a network of monitoring stations across Nevada’s 15 Rural Counties

as shown in Figure 1.1. The monitors conform to all EPA citing criteria and are situated

to measure air quality in both rural and the urbanized portions of the 15 Rural Counties.

In addition, BAQP maintains two meteorological stations, one in Carson City and one in

Pahrump, to provide meteorological information for the monitoring conducted in these

areas and to support stationary source permitting needs. Detailed descriptions of both

active and discontinued air quality monitoring stations are provided in Appendix B. A

comprehensive list of monitoring data availability at BAQP-maintained monitoring

stations is provided in Appendix C and monitoring data used in report preparation is in

Appendix D.

The monitoring conducted by the BAQP is established for the purposes of meeting

federal monitoring requirements and for state informational and planning purposes.

These two are categorized as: 1) State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS); and

2) Special Purpose Monitoring Stations (SPMS). SLAMS sites are federally required,

long-term air quality monitoring stations. SPMS sites are typically established to

determine the air quality in a smaller, localized area or to monitor on a temporary basis.

These sites typically operate for six to 24 months, and are generally used to measure air

quality in areas not previously monitored. They may also be established to monitor the

effects of a specific air pollution source or group of sources on the surrounding air

quality. Some sites within the network contain monitors to address both SLAMS and

SPMS.

SLAMS monitoring is required once an area exceeds established county population

thresholds. Monitoring for Pb, SO2 and NO2, was not conducted during this reporting

period as the population-based thresholds were not reached in any of the 15 Rural

Counties. SPMS monitoring was also not conducted for these three pollutants.

This report presents the results of air quality monitoring conducted by BAQP from 1998

to 2009. Provided below is a summary of the pollutants monitored, their general trends,

and a description of the conditions under which the pollutants are typically found at their

highest concentration.

Carbon Monoxide (CO): BAQP’s monitoring network shows that the highest

concentrations of CO often occur in the winter during strong temperature

inversions in basins surrounded by mountains. When temperature inversions

occur, CO is trapped near ground level, causing elevated concentrations. Ambient

concentrations of CO have decreased and remained well below the current

NAAQS.

Ground-Level Ozone (O3): BAQP’s monitoring network shows that ambient

concentrations of O3 have remained steady and below the current 2008 NAAQS.

O3 concentrations are typically affected by the quantity of pre-cursor gases (NOx

and VOC’s), temperature, and amount of sunlight available during the summer.


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Particulate Matter ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5): BAQP’s monitoring network

shows that ambient concentrations of PM2.5 have trended upward in Carson City

and Gardnerville and are approaching the NAAQS. BAQP is in the process of

analyzing samples to determine the cause(s) of the elevated levels. Ambient

concentrations of PM2.5 have decreased in Fernley. The highest concentrations of

PM2.5 often occur in the winter during strong temperature inversions in basins

surrounded by mountains. When temperature inversions occur, residential wood

combustion is often at its peak and PM2.5 is trapped near ground level, causing

increases in ambient concentrations. Thus PM2.5 trends may reflect the occurrence

or absence of strong inversions during winter.

Particulate Matter ≤10 micrometers in diameter (PM10): During this reporting

period, many of the PM10 monitors in the BAQP’s network were taken offline

because measurements remained well below the PM10 NAAQS. PM10 monitoring

conducted in Elko since 2006 has shown a decline in ambient concentrations.

Monitoring conducted in Pahrump shows that annual concentrations of PM10 have

decreased and remain well below the annual standard. The 24-hour PM10

concentrations in Pahrump remain steady at or near the standard. However, the

number of actual exceedances of the 24-hour standard have been reduced, most of

which occurred during uncontrollable high wind events.


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Figure 1.1: Location of BAQP Monitoring Sites, 1998-2009


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1.3 ATTAINMENT STATUS OF AREAS

The BAQP’s Ambient Air Monitoring Branch is responsible for air quality surveillance

in Nevada’s 15 Rural Counties. In addition to BAQP’s monitoring network, air quality

monitoring is being conducted through the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual

Environments (IMPROVE) network by federal land management agencies. At present,

there are two active IMPROVE monitoring sites in Nevada; one located in the Jarbidge

Wilderness Area in northeastern corner of the state and the other near the Lehman Caves

Visitor Center in Great Basin National Park, along the eastern border of the state near

Baker.

The NAAQS published by the EPA in 40 CFR Part 50 define the levels of air quality that

EPA has determined protect human health and welfare. An area is considered to be in

nonattainment for a pollutant if it has violations a particular NAAQS. Conversely,

attainment areas are those where monitoring shows that no violation of the NAAQS have

occurred. An area is considered unclassifiable if no monitoring has been conducted to

determine its classification and NAAQS violations would not otherwise be expected.

The extent of an area’s classification is defined by the Hydrographic Area boundaries as

established in 1979 for the State of Nevada. The planning area boundaries are shown in

Figure 1.2.

From 1998-2009, areas under the jurisdiction of BAQP were classified as attainment or

unclassifiable for all criteria pollutants, with one exception. The Nevada side of the Lake

Tahoe Basin was designated nonattainment for CO in 1978, while the rest of Tahoe Basin

within BAQP’s jurisdiction was designated attainment/unclassifiable.8 On October 27,

2003, BAQP requested redesignation and the USEPA approved the request on December

15, 2003.

Clark and Washoe counties have their own independent ambient monitoring networks.

Please check each county's web site for additional information.

8 The Nevada side of the Lake Tahoe Basin is formally known as Hydrographic Area 90 which includes

portions of Carson City County, Douglas County, and Washoe County.

http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/

http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/

http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=de2c12c45386f54906e305e884bb8e9b&rgn=div5&view=text&node=40:2.0.1.1.1&idno=40

http://www.accessclarkcounty.com/depts/daqem/aq/Pages/aq_index.aspx

http://www.co.washoe.nv.us/health/aqm/home.htm


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Figure 1.2: BAQP Planning Areas


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2 CRITERIA POLLUTANTS

2.1 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The federal Clean Air Act (CAA), which was last amended in 1990, requires USEPA to

set NAAQS for pollutants considered a danger to public health and the environment. The

CAA established two types of NAAQS:

Primary standards set limits to protect public health, including the health of

sensitive populations such as children, the elderly, and asthmatics.

Secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, including protection

against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings.

Criteria pollutants are monitored with federal reference (FRM) or equivalent (FEM)

methods that USEPA has approved. For each criteria pollutant, USEPA specifies the

monitoring objectives that define the parameters by which health exposure and public

welfare are assessed, and the measurement scale classifications that describe the

influence of atmospheric movement at a given location.

http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/


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Table 2.1: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NATIONAL STANDARDSA

POLLUTANT AVERAGING TIME PRIMARY B, D SECONDARYC, E METHOD C

Carbon Monoxide

1 hour 35 ppm

(40 mg/m3)

-- Nondispersive infrared photometry 8 hours

9 ppm

(10 mg/m3)

Lead

(Pb)

Rolling 3-Month

Average 0.15 µg/m3 F Same as Primary

High volume sampling, acid extraction, and

atomic absorption

spectrometry

Quarterly Arithmetic

Mean 1.5 µg/m3 Same as Primary

High volume sampling,

acid extraction, and

atomic absorption

spectrometry

Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2)

Annual Arithmetic

Mean

0.053 ppm

(100 µg/m3) Same as Primary Gas phase chemiluminescence

1 hour 100 ppb -- Gas phase chemiluminescence

Ozone

1 hour -- G Same as Primary

Chemiluminescence -- --

8 hours 0.075 ppm H Same as Primary

Particulate Matter

≤2.5 micrometers

Annual Arithmetic

Mean

15.0 µg/m3 Same as Primary

Low volume

PM2.5 sampling

24 hours

35 µg/m3 I

Particulate Matter

≤10 micrometers

Annual Arithmetic

Mean -- J

Same as Primary High volume

PM10 sampling

24 hours 150 µg/m3

Sulfur Dioxide

(SO2)

Annual Arithmetic

Mean 0.030 ppm --

Spectrophotometry

(Pararosaniline method)

24 hours 0.14 ppm --

1 hour 75 ppb --

3 hours -- 0.5 ppm

(1,300 µg/m3)

A. These standards, other than for O3, PM, and those based on annual averages, must not be exceeded more than once per year. The 1-hour O3 standard is attained when the expected

number of days per calendar year with a maximum hourly average concentration above the standard is equal to or less than one. The PM10 24-hour standard is attained when the

expected number of days per calendar year with a 24-hour average concentration above the standard, rounded to the nearest 10 µg/m3, is equal to or less than one. The expected

number of days per calendar year is generally based on an average of the number of times the standard has been exceeded per year for the last 3 years. The National standards are

to be used in determinations of attainment or nonattainment.

B. Where applicable, concentration is expressed first in units in which it was adopted. All measurements of air quality that are expressed as mass per unit volume, such as

micrograms per cubic meter, must be corrected to a reference temperature of 25 degrees Centigrade and a reference pressure of 760 mm of Hg (1,013.2 millibars); “ppm” in this

table refers to parts per million by volume, or micromoles of regulated air pollutant per mole of gas; “µg/m3” refers to micrograms per cubic meter.

C. Any reference method specified in accordance with 40 C.F.R. Part 50 or any reference method or equivalent method designated in accordance with 40 C.F.R. Part 53 may be

substituted.

D. National primary standards are the levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health.

E. National secondary standards are the levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a regulated air pollutant.

F. On October 15, 2008, USEPA tightened the NAAQS for Pb from 1.5 µg/m3 to 0.15 µg/m

3. This final rule became effective on January 12, 2009.

G. In June 2005, USEPA revoked the 1-hour O3 standard (0.12 ppm) except in 13 Early Action Compact areas, none of which are in Nevada.

H. On May 27, 2008, USEPA tightened the NAAQS for 8-hour O3 from 0.08 ppm to 0.075 ppm.

I. In December 2006, USEPA tightened the 24-hour PM2.5 standard from 65 µg/m3 to 35 µg/m

3.

J. In December 2006, USEPA revoked the annual PM10 standard due to a lack of evidence linking health problems to long-term exposure to coarse particle pollution.

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/co/s_co_index.html




http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/pb/s_pb_index.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/pb/s_pb_index.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/nox/s_nox_index.html



http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/standards.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/pm/s_pm_index.html



http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/so2/s_so2_index.html



http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/no2so2sec/index.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/no2so2sec/index.html


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2.2 CARBON MONOXIDE

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, gas that is typically produced by the

incomplete combustion of fuels. Compliance with the CO NAAQS is met when the 35

ppm 1-hour average standard and/or the 9 ppm 8-hour average standard is not exceeded

more than once per year. The CO NAAQS have not changed since they were originally

promulgated in 1971; however, they are currently under USEPA review.

BAQP MONITORING NETWORK:

Between 1998 and 2009, BAQP measured ambient concentrations of CO at 4 monitors:

Long Street in Carson City: 1998-200911

Law Enforcement Building in Minden: 1998-1999

Horizon Casino Resort in Stateline: 1998-1999

Harvey’s Resort Hotel in Stateline: 1999-2009

ATTAINMENT STATUS:

From 1998-2009, areas under the jurisdiction of BAQP were classified as attainment or

unclassifiable for CO except for the Nevada side of the Lake Tahoe Basin. This portion

of the Basin was designated nonattainment for CO in 1978, while the rest of Tahoe Basin

within BAQP’s jurisdiction was designated attainment/unclassifiable. The nonattainment

designation was based on monitoring conducted in Stateline during the 1970s. On

October 27, 2003, BAQP requested redesignation of the Nevada side of the Basin to

attainment of the CO standards. BAQP’s redesignation request for the Nevada side of the

Lake Tahoe Basin was based on ambient air quality monitoring data that showed no

violations for calendar years 2001 through 2002. On December 15, 2003, USEPA

published a final rule effective February 13, 2004 redesignating the Nevada side of the

Lake Tahoe Basin attainment for CO.

11

Discontinued monitoring sites listed in italics.

http://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2003/12/15/03-30369/approval-and-promulgation-of-implementation-plans-state-of-nevada-designation-of-areas-for-air#p-48


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2.2.1 NATIONAL CARBON MONOXIDE TREND

Nationally, average CO concentrations have decreased substantially over the years. From

1980 to 2008 there was a 79 percent decrease in the national CO average.14

From 1990 to

2008, there was a 68 percent drop in the national CO average.15

The decrease in average

CO concentrations is largely the result of improved pollution control technology in on-

road vehicles that has significantly reduced CO emissions. Since 1970, CO emissions

from on-road vehicles have been cut by more than 40 percent nationwide. For more

information on national air quality trends, visit USEPA’s Air Trends website.

Figure 2.1: National Carbon Monoxide Trend, 1990-2008

Image courtesy of USEPA, Office of Air and Radiation

14

Based on Annual 2nd

Maximum 8-Hour Average. National Trend based on 124 sites. 15

Based on Annual 2nd

Maximum 8-Hour Average. National Trend based on 206 sites.

http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/

http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/carbon.html




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2.2.2 CARBON MONOXIDE TRENDS IN BAQP’s MONITORING NETWORK

Since 1998, ambient concentrations of CO have trended downward and remained well

below the NAAQS. The Long Street monitor in Carson City has shown (Figures 2.4

through 2.7) a gradual but consistent downward tendency that mirrors the national trend

shown in Figure 2.1. Results from the Harvey’s Resort Hotel monitor in Stateline also

show a downward, although less consistent trend. The peak in 2002 was observed during

the July 2002 Gondola Fire; a timber wildfire that burned 673 acres at the Heavenly Ski

Resort a short distance from the monitor.

As mentioned in Section 2.2, compliance with the CO NAAQS is met when the 35 ppm

1-hour average standard and/or the 9 ppm 8-hour average standard is not exceeded more

than once per year.

Figure 2.4: Carbon Monoxide 1-Hour: 1st High Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.4 shows that none of the CO monitors exceeded the 1-Hour NAAQS.


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Figure 2.5: Carbon Monoxide 1-Hour: 2nd

High Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.5 shows that none of the CO monitors exceeded the 1-Hour NAAQS more than once.

Figure 2.6: Carbon Monoxide 8-Hour: 1st High Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.6 shows that none of the CO monitors exceeded the 8-Hour NAAQS.


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Figure 2.7: Carbon Monoxide 8-Hour: 2nd


Figure 2.7 shows that none of the CO monitors exceeded the 8-Hour NAAQS more than once.


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2.3 LEAD

Pb is a metal found naturally in the environment. It is also mined and processed for use

in manufactured products such as lead-acid batteries, old lead-based paint, ammunition

and gasoline. Effective January 12, 2009, USEPA tightened the primary and secondary

Pb NAAQS from 1.5 μg/m3

to 0.15 μg/m3, changing the form to a rolling 3-month

average evaluated over a three-year period. Compliance with the Pb NAAQS is met

when daily values collected for 3 consecutive months are averaged and do not exceed

0.15 μg/m3.


During the reporting period, BAQP did not conduct ambient monitoring for Pb because

the USEPA monitoring thresholds required for monitoring have not been met in any of

the 15 Rural Counties. In addition, the revised NAAQS now require Pb monitoring near

sources such as industrial facilities that emit one-half ton or more of Pb per year and in

Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) with populations greater than 500,000.18

In

Nevada’s 15 Rural Counties there are no sources that emit 0.50 tons or more of Pb per

year and no

CBSA’s with populations greater than 500,000.

ATTAINMENT STATUS:

USEPA has not designated any portion of the state of Nevada for the Pb NAAQS.

Designations for the revised 2008 NAAQS are expected to be made by October 15, 2011.

BAQP expects that USEPA will designate all areas in the 15 Rural Counties as

unclassifiable, since the BAQP is not required to monitor for lead.

18

Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) is a United States Census Bureau term that became effective in

2000 and refers collectively to metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. The 2000 census criteria

provide that each CBSA must contain at least one urban area of 10,000 or more population. Each

metropolitan statistical area must have at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. Each

micropolitan statistical area must have at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000

population.

http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/aboutmetro.html


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2.3.1 NATIONAL LEAD TREND

Nationally, average Pb concentrations have decreased substantially over the years. From

1980 to 2008 there was a 92 percent decrease in the national Pb average.19

From 1990 to

2008, there was a 78 percent drop in the national Pb average.20

The reduction in average

Pb concentrations is mainly the result of removing Pb from gasoline used in on-road

vehicles.21

For more information on national air quality trends, visit USEPA’s Air Trends

website.

Figure 2.8: National Lead Trend, 1990-2008


19

Based on Annual Maximum 8-Month Average. National Trend based on 19 sites. 20

Based on Annual Maximum 8-Month Average. National Trend based on 64 sites. 21

In addition, in areas above the national standard, stationary source control programs have been

implemented to lower concentrations.



http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/lead.html




January 2011

17

2.4 NITROGEN DIOXIDE

NO2 belongs to a group of reactive gases known as nitrogen oxides.24

Other nitrogen

oxides include nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In the environment NO2 is the

predominant form.25

NO2 forms rapidly, primarily resulting from fuel combustion

sources. The annual primary and secondary NO2 NAAQS is 53 ppb and was established

in 1971. This standard is met when the average annual concentration does not exceed the

standard.27

Effective April 12, 2010, USEPA established a new 1-hour primary NO2

NAAQS at a level of 100 ppb. Compliance with the 1-hour standard is achieved when 3-

year average of the 98th

percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour average concentration

does not exceed this standard.


BAQP does not currently monitor for NO2. Historical NO2 monitoring at Stateline and

Carson City was terminated in 1997 due to very low monitored concentrations. BAQP is

not currently required to monitor for NO2 in any of the 15 Rural Counties.

ATTAINMENT STATUS:

USEPA has designated all areas in the 15 Rural Counties and unclassifiable. USEPA

will designate areas for the new 2010 standard by January 2012. BAQP expects its

jurisdiction to remain unclassifiable.

24

Nitrogen oxides are also referred to as oxides of nitrogen. 25

NO2 is the monitored indicator for the larger group of nitrogen oxides. 27

The official level of the annual NO2 standard is 0.053 ppm, equal to 53 ppb, which is shown here for the

purpose of clearer comparison to the 1-hour standard.


January 2011

18

2.4.1 NATIONAL NITROGEN DIOXIDE TREND

Nationally, average NO2 concentrations have decreased substantially over the years.

From 1980 to 2008 there was a 46 percent decrease in the national NO2 average.28

From

1990 to 2008, there was a 35 percent drop in the national NO2 average.29

The decrease in

average NO2 concentrations is largely the result of improved pollution control technology

in on-road vehicles that has significantly reduced NO2 emissions. Moreover, NO2

concentrations are expected to continue to decrease as a result of a number of new mobile

source regulations. For more information on national air quality trends, visit USEPA’s

Air Trends website.

Figure 2.11: National Nitrogen Dioxide Trend, 1990-2008


28

Based on Annual Arithmetic Average. National Trend based on 75 sites. 29

Based on Annual Arithmetic Average. National Trend based on 151 sites.



http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/nitrogen.html




January 2011

19

2.5 GROUND-LEVEL OZONE

Ground-level ozone (O3) is a reactive, oxidant gas and is the primary constituent of

photochemical smog.32

Ozone is formed by reactions between nitrogen oxides and

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. The actual

photochemical reaction that produces O3 can take place far away from where the

precursor gases are emitted. In addition, natural sources such as vegetation, soil,

wildfires, and lightning emit nitrogen oxides and VOCs that lead to the formation of O3.

Another source of localized O3 is downward mixing of O3 from the stratosphere, known

as stratospheric O3 intrusion (especially at high mountain locations).

On June 15, 2005, USEPA revoked the 1-hour O3 standard (0.12 ppm). Prior to the

revocation, the 1-hour NAAQS was attained when the expected number of days per

calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm was less

than or equal to 1.

In 1997 USEPA created new 8-hour primary and secondary O3 standards, which were set

at 0.08 ppm.33

The 1997 8-hour standards are met when the 3-year average of the 4th

highest daily maximum 8-hour average concentration is less than or equal to 0.084 ppm.

Effective May 27, 2008, USEPA tightened the primary and secondary 8-hour O3 NAAQS

from 0.08 ppm to 0.075 ppm. The 2008 standards are met when the 3-year average of the

4th highest daily maximum 8-hour average concentration is less than the standard.

On January 6, 2010 USEPA proposed to further lower the 8-hour primary O3 standard to

a value in the range of 0.060 ppm to 0.070 ppm and create a new cumulative, seasonal

secondary standard. USEPA has not yet acted on this proposal.


Between 1998 and 2009, BAQP measured ambient concentrations of O3 at 7 monitors:

Fifth Street in Carson City: 2008-2009


West End Elementary School in Fallon: 2005-2009

Fire Station in Fernley: 1998-2003

Intermediate School in Fernley: 2007-2009

Horizon Casino Resort in Stateline: 1998-1999

Cave Rock State Park in Zephyr Cove: 1999-2004

IMPROVE Site in Great Basin National Park: 1998-200935

32

O3 in different layers of the atmosphere (i.e., ground-level O3 versus stratospheric O3) exhibits different

effects. While the physical substance remains the same, ground-level O3 affects man adversely and

therefore is considered a harmful pollutant. On the other hand, stratospheric O3 is essential to human

survival and prevents harmful ultraviolet solar radiation from reaching the earth's surface. 33

For more information on the history of O3 regulation, visit the USEPA webpage: Ozone & Health – A

Timeline. 34

Discontinued monitoring sites listed in italics. 35

Great Basin National Park IMPROVE monitoring site is maintained by the National Park Service.

http://www.epa.gov/ozonedesignations/1997standards/timeline.htm

http://www.epa.gov/ozonedesignations/1997standards/timeline.htm


January 2011

20

ATTAINMENT STATUS:

All areas within the 15 Rural Counties are currently designated attainment/unclassifiable

for the 1997 1-hour O3 NAAQS. The designation process for the 2008 O3 NAAQS is

delayed by a court ordered reconsideration of those standards. EPA is expected to revise

the O3 NAAQS by mid-2011. However, the level chosen by USEPA for the revised 8-

hour O3 NAAQS may result in some areas being classified non-attainment based on the

current monitored levels.

Monitors located in Carson City (Long Street), Churchill, Lyon, and White Pine

Counties record concentrations above the low end (0.060 ppm) of the proposed

range for the primary standard.

Monitors located in White Pine County record annual design concentrations

above the high end (0.070 ppm) of the proposed range for the primary standard.

Monitors located in Carson City (Long Street), Churchill, Lyon, and White Pine

Counties record concentrations above the proposed secondary standard


January 2011

21

2.5.1 NATIONAL GROUND-LEVEL OZONE TREND

Nationally, average O3 levels declined in the 1980s, leveled off in the 1990s, and showed

a notable decline after 2002 (Figure 2.14). From 1990 to 2008 the trend resulted in a 14

percent drop in the national 8-hour O3 average.37

Across the United States, programs

have been and are being implemented to reduce NOx and VOCs emissions from motor

vehicles, industrial facilities, and power plants. Figure 2.15 shows emissions for VOCs

by source sector in Nevada. VOCs emissions are used as a surrogate for O3 since O3 is

not directly emitted by sources. Mitigation strategies also include reducing the emission

of O3 precursor gases by reformulating fuels as well as consumer/commercial products

such as paints and chemical solvents that contain VOCs. For more information on

national air quality trends, visit USEPA’s Air Trends website.

Figure 2.14: National Ozone Trend, 1990-2008


37

Based on Annual 4th

Maximum 8-Hour Average. National Trend based on 547 sites.


http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/ozone.html

http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/ozone.html


January 2011

22

2.5.2 OZONE TRENDS IN BAQP’s MONITORING NETWORK

Since 1998, ambient concentrations of O3 have remained relatively steady and below the

revoked 1-hour NAAQS. This trend is apparent at both active monitors (Figures 2.17 and

2.18) and at discontinued monitors (Figures 2.19 and 2.20). Similarly, ambient O3

concentrations are near but below the 1997 and 2008 8-hour NAAQS (Figures 2.21

through 2.24). As discussed in Section 2.5, and can be seen from Figures 2.21 through

2.24, USEPA’s action to further tighten the 8-hour O3 NAAQS would result in several

new non-attainment areas. BAQP is working with UNR to conduct a study to learn how

O3 is generated and transported throughout the state.

Figure 2.17: Ground-Level Ozone 1-Hour: 1st High Trends, 1998-2009

(Active monitors)

Figure 2.17 shows that none of the O3 monitors exceeded the 1-Hour NAAQS.


January 2011

23

Figure 2.18: Ground-Level Ozone 1-Hour: 2nd


(Active monitors)

Figure 2.18 shows that none of the O3 monitors exceeded the 1-Hour NAAQS more than once.


January 2011

24

Figure 2.19: Ground-Level Ozone 1-Hour: 1st High Trends, 1998-2009

(Discontinued monitors)

Figure 2.19 shows that none of the O3 monitors exceeded the 1-Hour NAAQS.

Figure 2.20: Ground-Level Ozone 1-Hour: 2nd



Figure 2.20 shows that none of the O3 monitors exceeded the 1-Hour NAAQS more than once.


January 2011

25

Figure 2.21: Ground-Level Ozone 8-Hour: 4th


(Active monitors)

Figure 2.21 shows that the 4

th highest annual 8-hour concentration of O3 was below the NAAQS.


January 2011

26

Figure 2.22: Ground-Level Ozone 8-Hour: Design Value Trends, 1998-2009

(Active monitors)

Figure 2.22 shows that the 8-hour O3 values are below the NAAQS.

Figure 2.23: Ground-Level Ozone 8-Hour: 4th



Figure 2.23 shows that the 4th

highest annual 8-hour concentrations of O3 are below the NAAQS.


January 2011

27

Figure 2.24: Ground-Level Ozone 8-Hour: Design Value Trends, 1998-2009 (Discontinued monitors)

Figure 2.24 shows that the 8-hour O3 values was below the NAAQS.


January 2011

28

2.6 PARTICULATE MATTER

Particulate matter generally consists of a mixture of particles of dust, pollen, ash, soot,

metals and other various solid and liquid chemicals found in the atmosphere.40

There are

two categories of particle matter pollutants: PM2.5 and PM10. PM2.5 (also known as “fine

particulate”) is particulate matter 2.5 microns or smaller in aerodynamic diameter. PM10

(also known as “inhalable coarse particulate”) is particulate matter 10 microns or smaller

in aerodynamic diameter. For reference, ten microns is about one-seventh the diameter

of human hair.

PM2.5 can be directly emitted from sources such as forest fires, construction sites,

residential wood combustion, or unpaved roads. These particles are referred to as

primary particles. PM2.5 can also form in the atmosphere as the result of the interaction

of pollutants (such as SO2, NOx, and VOCs) with other compounds in the air. These

particles are referred to as secondary particles and represent the majority of PM2.5

pollution in the United States. PM2.5 can remain suspended in the air and be transported

extremely long distances.

Like PM2.5, PM10 consists of primary and secondary particles. While many PM10

emissions are from man-made sources (e.g., salt and sand deposited on roads to reduce

driving hazards in winter, vehicles traveling on unpaved roads, construction dust, and

rock processing), other PM10 pollution comes from indirect sources such as motor

vehicles that entrain particles which have been deposited on roads. Meteorological

conditions can have a significant effect on ambient particulate concentrations.

USEPA first issued standards for particulate matter in 1971 and revised the standards in

1987 and 1997. Effective September 16, 1997, new standards for PM2.5 were established.

Effective December 18, 2006, USEPA reduced the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS from 65

µg/m3 to 35 µg/m

3. The 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS is met when the 3-year average of the

98th percentile 24-hour concentration is less than or equal to the standard. The annual

PM2.5 NAAQS is met when the 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM2.5

concentration is less than or equal to the standard. The secondary PM2.5 NAAQS are the

same as the primary PM2.5 NAAQS.

Compliance with the 1997 annual PM10 NAAQS was met when the 3-year average of the

annual mean PM10 concentrations is less than or equal to 50 µg/m3. However, the annual

PM10 NAAQS (50 µg/m3) was revoked in 2006. The primary 24-hour PM10 NAAQS is

met when the expected number of days per calendar year above 150 μg/m3 is less than or

equal to one, over a 3-year period. The secondary 24-hour PM10 NAAQS are the same as

the primary PM10 NAAQS.

USEPA is currently initiating another review of the particulate matter standards.

40

The majority of compounds that form particle pollution can be grouped into five categories: sulfates,

nitrates, elemental carbon, organic carbon, and “crustal” material.


January 2011

29


Between 1998 and 2009, BAQP measured ambient concentrations of PM2.5 at 5 monitors:

Fifth Street in Carson City: 2009


Intermediate School in Fernley: 1999-2009

Gardnerville Ranchos in Gardnerville: 1998-2009


The Fifth Street, Gardnerville Ranchos, and Fernley Intermediate School PM2.5 monitors

are maintained within BAQP’s network for special purpose monitoring.

Between 1998 and 2009, BAQP measured ambient concentrations of PM10 at 21

monitors:

Police & Fire Station in Battle Mountain: 199841

High School in Battle Mountain: 1998-2002

Bordewich School in Carson City: 1998

Long Street in Carson City: 1998

State Offices Building in Elko: 1998-2008

Grammar School No. 2 in Elko: 2008-2009

West End Elementary School in Fallon: 1998

Intermediate School in Fernley: 1998

Gardnerville Ranchos in Gardnerville: 1998

Elementary School Monitor #1 in McGill: 1998

Elementary School Monitor #2 in McGill: 1998

Dispatch Center in Minden: 1998

Community Pool in Pahrump: 2001-2004

Linda Street in Pahrump: 2004-2009

Willow Creek in Pahrump: 2004-2009

Church in Pahrump: 2004-2009

Manse Elementary School in Pahrump: 2005-2009

Glenoaks Street in Pahrump: 2009

Horizon Casino Resort Monitor #1 in Stateline: 1998

Horizon Casino Resort Monitor #1 in Stateline: 1998


ATTAINMENT STATUS:

On April 5, 2005, USEPA designated all areas within the 15 Rural Counties as

attainment/unclassifiable for the 1997 24-hour and PM2.5 NAAQS. On December 13,

2009, USEPA designated all areas within the 15 Rural Counties as

attainment/unclassifiable for the revised 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS.

41

Discontinued monitoring sites listed in italics.


January 2011

30

On November 15, 1990, USEPA designated all areas within the 15 Rural Counties as

unclassifiable for PM10.

Beginning in 2001, BAQP began special purpose monitoring in the Pahrump Valley in

Nye County. This monitoring indicated exceedances of the PM10 NAAQS. To correct

the problem quickly the USEPA, the BAQP, the Pahrump Town Board, and Nye County

agreed to implement control measures throughout the valley to address the exceedances.

The measures generally consisted of: paving roads, land disturbance mitigation and dust

control enforcement. Continued monitoring indicates that the control strategies that have

been implemented have resulted in significant reductions in the number of monitored

PM10 exceedances. Remaining exceedances are related to uncontrollable high-wind

events.


January 2011

31

2.6.1 NATIONAL PM2.5 TREND

Nationally, average PM2.5 concentrations have decreased since 2000. From 2000 to 2008

there was a 19 percent decrease in the national PM2.5 average.44


PM2.5 concentrations is mainly the result of regional and national rules that have been and

are being implemented to reduce emissions of pollutants that form PM2.5. In addition, a

number of voluntary programs also are helping to reduce PM2.5 pollution.45

For more

information on national air quality trends, visit USEPA’s Air Trends website.

Figure 2.25: National PM2.5 Trend, 2000-2008


44

Based on Seasonally-Weighted Average. National Trend based on 728 sites. 45

For more information, visit USEPA’s website on Reducing Particle Pollution.


http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html


http://www.epa.gov/air/particlepollution/reducing.html


January 2011

32

2.6.2 PM2.5 TRENDS IN NEVADA’S 15 RURAL COUNTIES

PM2.5 trends across the state are varied and likely reflect localized conditions such as

wintertime temperature inversions. Since 1998, the PM2.5 levels at Long Street and

Gardnerville Ranchos have trended upwards (Figures 2.29 and 2.30)48

and are

approaching the current 24-hour standard. In contrast, the PM2.5 levels since 1998 at

Fernley Intermediate School are trending downwards and are well below the NAAQS.

48

The design value for PM2.5 is the 3-year average of the 98th percentile 24-hour concentration.


January 2011

33

Figure 2.28: 24-hr PM2.5 98th

Percentile Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.28 shows the 98

th Percentile concentration of PM2.5 in relation to the NAAQS.

Figure 2.29: Long Street PM2.5 Design Value Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.29 shows the Long Street PM2.5 Design Value in relation to the NAAQS.


January 2011

34

Figure 2.30: Gardnerville Ranchos PM2.5 Design Value Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.30 shows the Gardnerville Ranchos PM2.5 Design Value in relation to the NAAQS.

Figure 2.31: Fernley Intermediate School PM2.5 Design Value Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.31 shows the Fernley Intermediate School PM2.5 Design Value in relation to the NAAQS.


January 2011

35

Figure 2.32: PM2.5 Annual Mean Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.32 shows the PM2.5 Annual Mean concentration in relation to the NAAQS.

Figure 2.33: PM2.5 3-Year Average of Annual Mean Trends, 1998-2009

Figure 2.33 shows the 3-Year average of PM2.5 Annual Mean concentration in relation to the NAAQS.


January 2011

36

2.6.3 NATIONAL PM10 TREND

Nationally, average PM10 concentrations have decreased over the years. From 1990 to

2008 there was a 31 percent decrease in the national PM10 average.49

The reduction in

average PM10 concentrations is mainly the result of regional and national rules that have

been and are being implemented to reduce emissions of pollutants that form PM10. In

addition, a number of voluntary programs also are helping to reduce PM10 pollution.50

For more information on national air quality trends, visit USEPA’s Air Trends website.

Figure 2.34: National PM10 Trend, 1990-2008


49

Based on Annual 2nd

Maximum 24-Hour Average. National Trend based on 325 sites. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html. 50

For more information, visit USEPA’s website on Reducing Particle Pollution.





http://www.epa.gov/air/particlepollution/reducing.html


January 2011

37

2.6.4 PM10 TRENDS IN BAQP’s MONITORING NETWORK

PM10 measurements are typically influenced by local conditions. In general, 24-hour

concentrations of PM10 in Elko, Battle Mountain and Lake Tahoe have remained below

the standard. Because short-term averages are largely influenced by localized, short-term

events, annual mean concentrations (Figures 2.39 and 2.42) provide a good indicator of

ambient PM10 trends. These indicate a flat to decreasing trend.

For currently active sites in the community of Pahrump, the Church, and Manse

Elementary School sites show a definite downward annual trend from 2004 and 2005

respectively through 2009. The discontinued Willow Creek site recorded a similar

downward trend during 2004 through 2008. The Linda Street site, however, shows an

upward trend during that same period. The Community Pool site in Pahrump was

relocated to the Manse site because the site location did not conform to USEPA siting

criteria and for a lack of continued access.

Figure 2.37: PM10 1st High Trends, 1998-2009

(Active monitors)

Figure 2.37 shows the highest 24-hour concentration of PM10 in relation to the NAAQS.


January 2011

38

Figure 2.38: PM10 2nd


(Active monitors)

Figure 2.38 shows the second highest 24-hour concentration of PM10 in relation to the NAAQS.

Table 2.2: Number of Exceedances of the PM10 24-Hour Standard, 1998-2009

(Active Monitors)

Elko

Grammar

School #2

Linda

Street Church

Manse

Elementary

School

Glenoaks

Street

2004-2006 --- 0 0 --- ---

2005-2007 --- 0 0 0 ---

2006-2008 --- 0 0 0 ---

2007-2009 --- 0 0 1 ---

To attain the 2006 24-Hour NAAQS, concentrations of PM10 must not exceed 150 µg/m3 more than once

per year on average over 3 years.


January 2011

39

Figure 2.39: PM10 Annual Mean Trends, 1998-2009

(Active monitors)

Figure 2.39 shows the PM10 Annual Mean concentration in relation to the NAAQS.

Please note that the annual PM10 NAAQS was revoked effective December 17, 2006.

Table 2.3: 3-Year Average of the Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations, 1998-2009

(Active monitors)

Elko

Grammar

School #2

Linda

Street Church

Manse

Elementary

School

Glenoaks

Street

2004-2006 --- 14 21 --- ---

2005-2007 --- 16 21 41 ---

2006-2008 --- 17 20 33 ---

2007-2009 --- 21 17 32 ---

The 1997 annual PM10 NAAQS is met when the 3-year average of the annual mean PM10 concentrations at

each monitoring site is less than or equal to 50 µg/m3.



January 2011

40

Figure 2.40: 24-hr PM10 1st High Trends, 1998-2009


Figure 2.40 shows the highest 24-hour concentration of PM10 in relation to the NAAQS.

Figure 2.41: 24-hr PM10 2nd




January 2011

41

Figure 2.41 shows the second highest 24-hour concentration of PM10 in relation to the NAAQS.

Table 2.4: Number of Exceedances of the PM10 24-Hour Standard


Battle

Mountain

High School

State Offices

Building

Community

Pool

Willow

Creek

1998-2000 1 0 --- ---

1999-2001 1 0 4 ---

2000-2002 1 1 18 ---

2001-2003 --- 1 21 ---

2002-2004 --- 1 14 ---

2003-2005 --- 0 19 ---

2004-2006 --- 0 2 2

2005-2007 --- 0 --- 1

2006-2008 --- 0 --- 1

To attain the 2006 24-Hour NAAQS, concentrations of PM10 must not exceed 150 µg/m3 more than once

per year on average over 3 years.


January 2011

42

Figure 2.42: PM10 Annual Mean Trends, 1998-2009


Figure 2.42 shows the PM10 Annual Mean concentration in relation to the NAAQS.

Table 2.5: 3-Year Average of the Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations 1998-2009


Battle

Mountain

High

School

Elko State

Offices

Building

Community

Pool

Willow

Creek

Cave Rock

State Park

1998-2000 21 24 --- --- ---

1999-2001 23 25 --- --- ---

2000-2002 21 24 --- --- ---

2001-2003 --- 22 --- --- ---

2002-2004 --- 21 --- --- ---

2003-2005 --- 20 --- --- ---

2004-2006 --- 23 --- 28 ---

2005-2007 --- 24 --- 26 ---

2006-2008 --- 22 --- 24 ---

The 1997 annual PM10 NAAQS is met when the 3-year average of the annual mean PM10 concentrations at

each monitoring site is less than or equal to 50 µg/m3.



January 2011

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2.7 SULFUR DIOXIDE

Sulfur oxides commonly originate from burning fossil fuels and are also produced from

various industrial processes. SO2 is the measured criteria pollutant of concern. In the air,

SO2 reacts with oxygen, ammonia and other compounds, including water vapor, to form

sulfate salts and sulfuric acid mist. Sources of SO2 include metal smelters, oil refineries,

and large oil- or coal-fired power plants.53

Effective August 23, 2010, USEPA

established a new 1-hour primary standard for SO2 at a level of 75 ppb, revoked the

existing 24-hour and annual standards and retained the 3-hour average secondary

standard. To attain the primary standard, the 3-year average of the 99th

percentile of the

daily maximum 1-hour average at each monitor within an area must not exceed 75 ppb.

To attain the secondary standard, an average concentration of 0.5 ppm must not be

exceeded over a 3-hour period.


The BAQP is not currently required to monitor for SO2 in any of the 15 Rural Counties.

However, the US Forest Service monitors SO2 at the Jarbidge Wilderness area through

the IMPROVE network.

ATTAINMENT STATUS:

With the exception of the central Steptoe Valley (near Ely), USEPA has designated all

areas in the 15 Rural Counties as unclassifiable. Prior to 2002, the central Steptoe Valley

was designated by USEPA as SO2 non-attainment due to the historic operation of a

copper smelter at McGill. The smelter ceased operation in 1983 and BAQP requested

reclassification of the area to attainment. USEPA approved the request on April 12,

2002. USEPA will designate areas for the new 2010 standard in 2012. BAQP expects its

jurisdiction to remain unclassifiable.

53

Across the United States, the largest sources of SO2 emissions are from fossil fuel combustion at power

plants (66%) and other industrial facilities (29%). Smaller sources of SO2 emissions include industrial

processes such as extracting metal from ore as well as the burning of high sulfur containing fuels by

locomotives, large ships, and nonroad equipment.


January 2011

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2.7.1 NATIONAL SULFUR DIOXIDE TREND

Nationally, average SO2 concentrations have decreased over the years. From 1980 to

2008 there was a 71 percent decrease in the national SO2 average.54

From 1990 to 2008

there was a 59 percent decrease in the national SO2 average.55


SO2 concentrations is mainly the result of switching to low sulfur fossil fuels especially

in on-road and off-road vehicles. For more information on national air quality trends,

visit USEPA’s Air Trends website.

Figure 2.41: National Sulfur Dioxide Trend, 1990-2008


54

Based on Annual Arithmetic Average. National Trend based on 141 sites. 55

Based on Annual Arithmetic Average. National Trend based on 266 sites.


http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/sulfur.html




January 2011

45

APPENDIX A


January 2011

46


January 2011

47

MONITORING STATION DESCRIPTIONS

Police & Fire Station, Battle Mountain 32-015-0002 (SLAMS)

Pollutant(s) Monitored CO NO2 O3 PM2.5 PM10

1985-1998

Project Type = Population Oriented Surveillance

Measurement Scale = Neighborhood

Located at 25 East Second Street in Battle Mountain, this PM10 site was at the Police &

Fire Station. This site was situated less than one block from the intersection of the two

most heavily traveled streets (exclusive of the interstate highway) near commercial,

industrial, and residential areas. PM10 sampling commenced at this site in June 1985. Due

to siting concerns, this site was discontinued effective the end of September 1998 and

was relocated to Battle Mountain High School.


January 2011

48

High School, Battle Mountain

32-015-0004 (SLAMS)


1998-2002



Located at 625 Weaver Avenue in Battle Mountain, this PM10 site was on the grounds of

Battle Mountain High School. This site was at the edge of a residential neighborhood,

near the intersection of Interstate Highway 80 and Nevada Highway 305. The TEOM

continuous PM10 monitor was sited on the announcer's tower at the school’s athletic field.

Monitoring commenced on August 20, 1998 and was discontinued in 2002.


January 2011

49

Fifth Street, Carson City

32-510-0002 (SLAMS/SPMS)


1981-1989 1974-1989,

2008-2009 2009 1991-1997

Project Type = Population Oriented Surveillance (Typical Concentration)


Located at 3300 East Fifth Street in Carson City, this CO, O3, and PM2.5 site is near the

Carson City Public Works Department maintenance yard. In addition, meteorological

data is collected at the Fifth Street site. This site is situated in a transition area that is

adjacent to the maintenance yard, a sewage treatment plant, residential neighborhoods,

wetlands, and the new extension of Highway 580. CO and O3 were monitored from 1974

through 1989. PM10 monitoring commenced in March 1991 and was discontinued at the

end of February 1997. In 2006, an existing meteorological station was restarted. In 2008,

O3 monitoring commenced at the Fifth Street site. In 2009, PM2.5 monitoring commenced

at the Fifth Street site57

.

57

The O3 and PM2.5 monitors were relocated from the Long Street site.


January 2011

50

Bordewich School, Carson City

32-510-0003 (SLAMS)


1994-1998



Located at 110 Thompson Drive in Carson City, this PM10 site was on the grounds of the

Bordewich-Bray Elementary School. This site was in a residential neighborhood. PM10

monitoring commenced in September 1994 and was discontinued at the end of March

1998.


January 2011

51

Long Street, Carson City 32-510-0004 (SLAMS/SPMS)


1997-2008 1997-1998 1997-2007 1998-2009 1997-1998

Project Type = Highest Concentration and Population Oriented Surveillance (Typical

Concentrations)

Measurement Scale = Neighborhood (Urban) (Middle)

Located at 875 East Long Street in Carson City, this CO, O3, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 site

was in the Sierra Pacific Power Company yard. This site monitored highest

concentrations and population exposure downwind of the main traffic corridors and the

commercial part of the city. This site began monitoring for CO, O3, NO2, and PM10 in

1997. PM2.5 monitoring commenced in January 1998. NO2 monitoring was discontinued

in October 1997 and PM10 sampling was discontinued at the end of June 1998. The Long

Street O3 monitor was relocated to the Fifth Street site after the 2007 O3 season.58

In

2008, NDEP requested USEPA for discontinuation of CO monitoring based upon no

violations of the NAAQS from 2002 to 2007. USEPA allowed CO monitoring to be

discontinued at the end of 2008. In the summer of 2009, the Long Street site was

discontinued and the PM2.5 monitor was relocated to the Fifth Street.

58

The Long Street O3 monitor was relocated due to concern that trees adjacent to the site may have been

interfering with the O3 sampling.


January 2011

52

State Offices Building, Elko 32-007-0004 (SLAMS)


1992-2008


Measurement Scale = Urban

Located at 850 Elm Street in Elko, this continuous PM10 site was on the roof of the state

offices building. This site was situated in a predominantly residential area. PM10

sampling commenced at this site in November 1992. This monitor was previously located

at the Fire Station at 723 Railroad Street (ID #32-007-0003) in a commercial area. It was

moved to the State Offices Building at 850 Elm Street in November 1992. At the end of

1998, the manual PM10 sampler was replaced with a TEOM continuous PM10 monitor. In

September 2008, the TEOM monitor was closed and a new beta attenuation monitor was

sited at the Elko Grammar School #2.


January 2011

53

Elko Grammar School #2, Elko 32-007-0005 (SLAMS)


2008-2009



Located at 1055 7th

Street in Elko, this PM10 site is on the grounds of Elko Grammar

School #2. This site is situated in a residential neighborhood. PM10 monitoring

commenced at this site in September 2008 when the beta attenuation monitor was

installed.


January 2011

54

West End Elementary School, Fallon 32-001-0002 (SLAMS/SPMS)


1999-2009 1993-1998



Located at 280 South Russell Street in Fallon, this O3 and PM10 site is on the grounds of

the West End Elementary School. This site is situated in a residential neighborhood that

may at times be affected by agricultural operations surrounding the town. PM10 sampling

(SLAMS) commenced at this site in May 1993 and was discontinued at the end of June

1998. Monitoring for O3 (SPMS) began in October 1999 as an O3 transport site

downwind of Reno and Fernley. In 2008, the O3 monitor was reclassified as a SLAMS.


January 2011

55

Fire Station, Fernley (SPMS)


1998-2003

Project Type = Highest Concentration and Population Oriented Surveillance


Located at 195 East Main Street in Fernley, this O3 site was at the North Lyon County

Fire Protection District Station. This site was generally downwind from Reno at the end

of a canyon corridor that includes large industrial sources. O3 monitoring commenced in

September 1997 and was discontinued at the end of September 2003.


January 2011

56

Intermediate School, Fernley 32-019-0006 (SLAMS/SPMS)


2004,

2007-2009 1999-2009 1995-1998



Located at 320 Hardie Lane in Fernley, this O3, PM2.5, and PM10 site is on the grounds of

Fernley Intermediate School. This site is situated in a residential and agricultural area that

has experienced recent industrial growth. Sampling for PM10 commenced at this site in

May 1995 to determine agricultural and industrial source impacts and population

exposure. PM10 sampling was discontinued in November 1998. PM2.5 monitoring (SPMS)

commenced in June 1999. O3 monitoring (SLAMS) occurred during 2004 and resumed in

July 2007.


January 2011

57

Gardnerville Ranchos, Gardnerville 32-005-0007 (SLAMS/SPMS)


1998-2009 1995-1998



Located at 820 Lyell Way in Gardnerville, this PM2.5 and PM10 site is in Aspen Park in

the Gardnerville Ranchos. This site is situated in a residential neighborhood. PM10

monitoring (SLAMS) commenced at this site in December 1995 and was discontinued at

the end of June 1998. Monitoring for PM2.5 (SPMS) commenced in January 1998.


January 2011

58

IMPROVE Site, Great Basin National Park 32-033-0101 (SLAMS)


1998-2009

Project Type = Background

Measurement Scale = Regional

Located at the Lehman Caves in the Great Basin National Park near Baker, the National

Park Service started O3 sampling in 1998.


January 2011

59

McGill Elementary School, McGill 32-033-0002 (SLAMS)


1993-1998

Project Type = Population Oriented Surveillance and Source Impact


Located at 25 F Avenue in McGill, this PM10 site was on the grounds of McGill

Elementary School. This site is situated in a residential area in close proximity to a closed

mining operation. The town of McGill is potentially subject to blowing dust from mine

tailings. The monitoring objectives were to monitor the residual impact of the former

mining operation and to ascertain population exposure. PM10 sampling commenced at

this site in June 1993 and was discontinued at the end of March 1998.


January 2011

60

Dispatch Center, Minden (32-005-0005 SLAMS)


1993-1998



Located at 1615 Eighth Street in Minden, this PM10 site is on the roof of a county

communications building. This site is situated less than a block from US Highway 395 in

a commercial/residential neighborhood. PM10 sampling commenced at this site in July

1993 and was discontinued at the end of March 1998.


January 2011

61

Law Enforcement Building, Minden (SPMS)


1998-1999



Located at 1625 Eighth Street in Minden, this CO site was on the roof of the Douglas

County Law Enforcement Building. This site is situated less than a block from US

Highway 395 in a commercial neighborhood. The site adjoins two large commercial

enterprises, a hotel-casino and an electronics manufacturer. CO monitoring commenced

at the beginning of 1998 and was discontinued at the end of 1999.


January 2011

62

Community Pool, Pahrump (32-023-0010 SPMS)


2001-2004

Project Type = Highest Concentration


Located at 250 North Highway 160 in Pahrump, this PM10 site was on the grounds of the

municipal swimming pool and recreation complex. The continuous beta attenuated

monitor was sited on the roof of a dressing room. This site was situated in a commercial

neighborhood behind the County offices. PM10 monitoring commenced in January 2001

and ended in November 2004. The site was closed due to reconstruction of the pool-

building from a flat to a pitched roof.


January 2011

63

Linda Street, Pahrump (32-023-0011 SLAMS)


2003-2009

Project Type = Background


Located at 8825 North Linda Street in Pahrump, this PM10 site is on the premises of a

private residence. The continuous beta attenuated monitor is sited on the roof of an old

railroad box car. This location is the most rural and northern-most site in the Pahrump

Valley monitoring network. There are some residential plats surrounding this site, but the

area mainly consists of native desert vegetation with little or no land surface disturbances.

There are gravel roads in the area, but they experience little traffic. PM10 monitoring

commenced in May 2003.


January 2011

64

Willow Creek, Pahrump (32-023-0012 SLAMS)


2004-2009

Project Type = Highest Concentration and Population Oriented Surveillance (Typical

Concentration)


Located at 1500 Red Butte in Pahrump, this PM10 site was on the Willow Creek Golf

Course. The continuous beta attenuated monitor was sited on the roof of a pump house

for the golf course between fairways. PM10 monitoring commenced in December 2003.

The Willow Creek Golf Course is surrounded by residential plats and vacant land. While

the Community Pool site was in operation, the purpose of the Willow Creek site was to

determine population exposure in central Pahrump. After the Community Pool site was

closed in November 2004, the purpose of the Willow Creek site became monitoring the

highest concentrations. In July 2009, the Willow Creek site was relocated to a new site on

the golf course, 410 South Glenoaks Street, approximately one-third of a mile southwest

of the original site.


January 2011

65

Church, Pahrump (32-023-0013 SLAMS)


2004-2009

Project Type = Source Impact


Located at 781 East Gamebird in Pahrump, this PM10 site is on the grounds of Our Lady

of the Valley Catholic Church. The continuous beta attenuated monitor is sited in the

southeast corner of the Catholic Church lot. This site is situated in a residential area with

some commercial plats and native desert. There is a mix of paved and dirt roads in the

vicinity. The Church Site began operation in 2004 to complement the existing three other

sites in the Pahrump Valley monitoring network. This PM10 site is the southern-most

monitoring site in the Pahrump Valley.


January 2011

66

Manse Elementary School, Pahrump (32-023-0014 SLAMS)


2005-2009

Project Type = Highest Concentration

Measurement Scale = Middle

Located at 1020 East Wilson Road in Pahrump, this PM10 site is on the grounds of the

Manse Elementary School. This site replaced the Community Pool site. The continuous

beta attenuated monitor is sited on the roof of the school. This site is situated adjacent to

the busiest activity area of Pahrump in a mostly commercial area, with some residential

plats. This PM10 site is located downwind from land surface disturbances such as

residential construction developments that have cleared large swaths of ground and

agricultural lands. There is a mix of paved and dirt roads in the vicinity.


January 2011

67

Glenoaks Street, Pahrump (32-023-0015 SLAMS)


2009



Located at 410 South Glenoaks Street in Pahrump, this PM10 monitor is on the Willow

Creek Golf Course. In July 2009, this site replaced the original Willow Creek site which

was located approximately one-third of a mile to the northeast. The continuous beta

attenuated monitor is sited on the grounds of the wastewater treatment plant. PM10

monitoring commenced in October 2009.


January 2011

68

Horizon Casino Resort, Stateline (32-005-0004 SLAMS)


1982-1999 1990-1997 1981-1999 1988-1999

Project Type = Population Oriented Surveillance and Source Impact

Measurement Scale = Micro

Located at 50 Highway 50 in Stateline, this CO, NO2, O3, and PM10 site was on the

grounds of the Horizon Casino Resort. The monitors were sited on the northeast edge of

the Horizon Casino Resort parking lot, downwind of the casino core area and downtown

US Highway 50. The monitoring objectives were to determine the impact of the casinos

and associated vehicular traffic on the air quality and to ascertain population exposure.

Monitoring for O3 commenced in June 1981; for CO, in March 1982; for PM10, in

September 1988; and for NO2, in January 1990. NO2 monitoring was discontinued in

October 1997, and PM10 sampling was discontinued at the end of March 1998.

Monitoring for O3 and CO was discontinued in June 1999, and the site was closed in

favor of new monitoring sites at Harvey's Resort Hotel and at Cave Rock State Park.


January 2011

69

Harvey’s Resort Hotel, Stateline (32-005-0009 SLAMS)


1999-2009

Monitoring Objective = Highest Concentration

Measurement Scale = Micro

Located at 18 Highway 50 in Stateline, this CO site is on the 1st level of Harvey’s Resort

and Hotel’s parking garage facing the highway. This is a "micro-scale" monitoring site

for CO in the core of the Stateline casino hotel area at Lake Tahoe. The site is designed to

monitor the highest CO concentrations at Lake Tahoe, and is taken to be representative of

both the California and Nevada sides of the south shore casino district. CO monitoring at

this site commenced in October 1999 and was previously is conducted by the California

Air Resources Board by multi-agency cooperative agreement. Starting in July 2006,

NDEP took over the monitoring responsibility for this site under a maintenance

agreement with EPA.


January 2011

70

Cave Rock State Park, Zephyr Cove 32-005-0008 (SLAMS)


1999-2004 2000-2001 2000-2001

Project Type = Regional Transport


Located at Cave Rock State Park in Zephyr Cove, this O3, PM2.5, and PM10 site was on

the boat launch facility. This site monitored O3 transport from upwind California urban

areas. O3 monitoring commenced in July 1999 and was discontinued at the end of

February 2004. PM2.5 and PM10 monitoring commenced at the end of 1999. PM2.5

monitoring was discontinued on January 15, 2002. PM10 monitoring was discontinued on

January 22, 2002.


January 2011

71

APPENDIX B


January 2011

72


January 2011

73

MONITORING DATA AVAILABILITY

The following table lists years during which air quality monitors were operated for the

pollutant indicated.

Station Name / Location Site # O3 NO2 CO PM10 PM2.5

BATTLE MOUNTAIN

Police & Fire Station / 25 E. Second St. 32-015-0002 1 85-98

High School / 625 Weaver Ave. 32-015-0004 98-02

CARSON CITY

Fifth Street / 3300 E. Fifth St. 32-510-0002 74-89, 08-09 81-89 91-97 09

Bordewich School / 110 Thompson Dr. 32-510-0003 94-98

Long Street / 875 E. Long St. 32-510-0004 97-07 97-98 97-08 97-98 98-09

Ann Street / E. Ann St. SPMS 90-93

Roberts House / Hwy 395 & Corbett St. SPMS 89, 94-96

ELKO

State Offices Building / 850 Elm St. 32-007-0004 92-08

Grammar School No. 2 / 1055 Seventh St. 32-007-0005 08-09

FALLON

West End School / 280 S. Russell St. 32-001-0002 99-09 93-98

FERNLEY

Intermediate School / 320 Hardie Lane 32-019-0006 07-09 95-98 99-09

Fire Station / 163 E. Main St. SPMS 98-03

GARDNERVILLE

Mitch Drive / 931 Mitch Dr. 32-005-0006 94-96

Gardnerville Ranchos / 820 Lyell Way 32-005-0007 95-98 98-09

GREAT BASIN NATIONAL PARK

Lehman Caves / Maintenance Bldg. 32-033-0007 93-95

Lehman Caves / IMPROVE Site 32-033-0008 95-97

Lehman Caves / IMPROVE Site 32-033-0101 93-09

Notes:

1 - A blank space indicates the specific pollutant has not been monitored for at that site.

Air Quality Monitoring Data Availability


January 2011

74

Station Name / Location Site # O3 NO2 CO PM10 PM2.5

LOVELOCK

Post Office / Main St. & Dartmouth Ave. 32-027-0002 91-97

High School / 1215 Frank lin Ave. 32-027-0003 2

McGILL

Elementary School / 25 F Ave. 32-033-0002 93-98

MINDEN

Dispatch Center / 1615 Eighth St. 32-005-0005 93-98

Law Enforcement Building / 1625 Eighth St. SPMS 98-99

PAHRUMP

Community Pool / 250 N. Hwy 160 32-023-0010 01-04

Linda Street / 8825 N. Linda St. 32-023-0011 03-09

Willow Creek / 1500 Red Butte 32-023-0012 04-09

Church / 781 E. Gamebird Rd. 32-023-0013 04-09

Manse School / 1020 E. Wilson Rd. 32-023-0014 05-09

Glenoaks Street / 410 S. Glenoaks St. 32-023-0015 09

STATELINE

Horizon Casino Resort / 50 Hwy 50 32-005-0004 81-99 90-97 82-99 88-99

Harvey's Resort Hotel / 18 Hwy 50 32-005-0009 99-09

ZEPHYR COVE

Cave Rock State Park / Boat Ramp 32-005-0008 99-04 00-01 00-01

Notes:

2 - Data collected was deemed invalid by USEPA.

Air Quality Monitoring Data Availability continued


January 2011

75

APPENDIX C


January 2011

76

MONITORING DATA

Table C1: Monitoring Methods Used in Nevada, 1998-2009

Pollutant Method Units

CO Gas Nondispersive Infrared Radiation ppm

O3 UV Absorption ppm

PM2.5 Met-One BAM 1020 µg/m3

PM2.5 Met-One ES-640 µg/m3

PM10 Reference - Hi Vol Andersen/GMW 1200 µg/m3

PM10 R&P TEOM Mass Transducer µg/m3


January 2011

77

Carbon Monoxide

There is one active CO monitor under NDEP’s jurisdiction, Harvey’s Resort Hotel in

Stateline. Between 1998 and 2009, CO data was also collected at three other monitors,

Long Street in Carson City, Law Enforcement Building in Minden, and Horizon Casino

Resort in Stateline.

As mentioned in Section 2.2 of the Trend Report, compliance with the CO NAAQS is

met when the 35 ppm 1-hour average standard and/or the 9 ppm 8-hour average standard

is not exceeded more than once per year.

Results from the Harvey’s Resort Hotel monitor in Stateline peak in 2002 was observed

during the July 2002 due to the Gondola Fire; a 673 acre timber wildfire at the Heavenly

Ski Resort a short distance from the monitor.


January 2011

78

Figure C1: Map of Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Stations

Harvey’s

Resort Hotel

Horizon

Casino Resort

Hotel

Law Enforcement

Building

Long Street


January 2011

79

Table C2: Carbon Monoxide - 1 Hour Averages (ppm)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-510-0004

Long Street

1st High 10.5 8.9 8.0 7.0 8.3 5.5 6.0 4.3 4.8 4.8 2.9

2nd High 8.3 8.6 7.4 6.9 7.2 5.3 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.6 2.7

Minden Law

Enforcement

Building

1st High 4.0 2.3

2nd High 3.1 2.0

32-005-0004

Horizon Casino

Resort

1st High 4.4 3.4

2nd High 4.2 3.2

32-005-0009

Harvey’s Resort

Hotel

1st High 10.3 13.0 7.6 17.2 13.0 12.0 12.7 5.2 7.8 5.8 10.5

2nd High 9.5 12.1 7.5 13.2 11.2 9.4 7.8 5.0 7.5 5.4 7.6

Table C3: Carbon Monoxide - 8 Hour Averages (ppm)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-510-0004

Long Street

1st High 4.6 4.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.2

2nd High 4.5 4.4 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 1.7

Minden Law

Enforcement

Building

1st High 1.8 1.1

2nd High 1.7 1.1

32-005-0004

Horizon Casino

Resort

1st High 1.9 2.3

2nd High 1.8 2.1

32-005-0009

Harvey’s Resort

Hotel

1st High 4.6 4.4 3.7 8.8 7.3 4.4 3.8 3.1 4.5 2.6 3.4

2nd High 4.3 4.2 3.6 6.1 6.5 4.4 3.6 3.0 3.7 2.4 2.6


January 2011

80

CARBON MONOXIDE GRAPHS AND TABLES

LONG STREET CARBON MONOXIDE DATA

32-510-0004 (SLAMS/SPMS) Carson City - Long Street

One-Hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations

YEAR 1st High 2nd High 1-Hour Exceedances

1998 10.5 8.3 0

1999 8.9 8.6 0

2000 8.0 7.4 0

2001 7.0 6.9 0

2002 8.3 7.4 0

2003 5.5 5.3 0

2004 6.0 5.1 0

2005 4.3 4.3 0

2006 4.8 4.3 0

2007 4.8 4.6 0

2008 2.9 2.7 0

2009 no data no data ---


January 2011

81


Eight-Hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations

YEAR 1st High 2nd High Federal Exceedances

1998 4.6 4.5 0

1999 4.9 4.4 0

2000 3.8 3.6 0

2001 3.9 3.6 0

2002 3.9 3.9 0

2003 3.3 3.1 0

2004 3.3 2.9 0

2005 2.9 2.7 0

2006 2.8 2.7 0

2007 2.8 2.6 0

2008 2.2 1.7 0



January 2011

82

LAW ENFORCEMENT BUILDING CARBON MONOXIDE DATA

(SPMS) Minden - Law Enforcement Building

1-Hr CO Concentrations


1998 4.0 3.1 0

1999 2.3 2.0 0

2000 no data --- ---

2001 no data --- ---

2002 no data --- ---

2003 no data --- ---

2004 no data --- ---

2005 no data --- ---

2006 no data --- ---

2007 no data --- ---

2008 no data --- ---

2009 no data --- ---


January 2011

83

(SPMS) Minden - Law Enforcement Building

8-Hr CO Concentrations


1998 1.8 1.7 0

1999* 1.1 1.1 0

2000 no data --- ---

2001 no data --- ---

2002 no data --- ---

2003 no data --- ---

2004 no data --- ---

2005 no data --- ---

2006 no data --- ---

2007 no data --- ---

2008 no data --- ---

2009 no data --- ---

*Discontinued at the end of 1999.


January 2011

84

HORIZON CASINO RESORT CARBON MONOXIDE DATA

32-005-0004 (SLAMS) Stateline - Horizon Casino Resort



1998 4.4 4.2 0

1999* 3.4 3.2 0











*Data for January-June: discontinued monitoring


January 2011

85

32-005-0004 (SLAMS) Stateline - Horizon Casino Resort



1998 1.9 1.8 0

1999* 2.3 2.1 0











*Data for January-June: discontinued monitoring


January 2011

86

HARVEY’S RESORT HOTEL CARBON MONOXIDE DATA

32-005-0009 (SLAMS) Stateline - Harvey’s Resort Hotel




1999 10.3 9.5 0

2000 13.0 12.1 0

2001 7.6 7.5 0

2002 17.2 13.2 0

2003 13.0 11.2 0

2004 12.0 9.4 0

2005 12.7 7.8 0

2006 5.2 5.0 0

2007 7.8 7.5 0

2008 5.8 5.3 0

2009 10.5 7.6 0


January 2011

87

32-005-0009 (SLAMS) Stateline - Harvey’s Resort Hotel




1999 4.6 4.3 0

2000 4.4 4.2 0

2001 3.7 3.6 0

2002 8.8 6.1 0

2003 7.3 6.5 0

2004 4.4 4.4 0

2005 3.8 3.6 0

2006 3.1 3.0 0

2007 4.5 3.7 0

2008 2.6 2.4 0

2009 3.4 2.6 0


January 2011

88

Ground-Level Ozone Monitoring Data

There are three active O3 monitors under NDEP’s jurisdiction, Fifth Street in Carson

City, West End Elementary School in Fallon, and Intermediate School in Fernley. In

addition, O3 data is collected by the National Park Service at the IMPROVE Site in Great

Basin National Park. Between 1998 and 2009, O3 data was also collected at four other

monitors, Long Street in Carson City, Fire Station in Fernley, Horizon Casino Resort in

Stateline, and Cave Rock State Park in Zephyr Cove.

As mentioned in Section 2.5 of the Trend Report, the revoked 1-hour O3 standard was

met when the expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly average

concentrations above 0.12 ppm was less than or equal to 1. The 1997 8-hour O3 standard

was met when design value is less than or equal to 0.08 ppm. The design value for O3 is

the 3-year average of the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hour average concentration. The

2008 8-hour O3 standard is met when design value is less than or equal to 0.075 ppm.


January 2011

89

Figure C2: Map of Ground-Level Ozone Monitoring Stations

Horizon

Casino Resort

Long Street

Fifth Street

Cave Rock

State Park

Great Basin

National Park

West End

Elementary School

Intermediate

School

Fire Station


January 2011

90

Table C4: Ozone - 1 Hour Averages (ppm)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-510-0002

Fifth Street

1st High 0.106 0.081

2nd High 0.087 0.078

32-510-0004

Long Street

1st High 0.084 0.080 0.086 0.091 0.079 0.079 0.082 0.072 0.086 0.080

2nd High 0.080 0.075 0.076 0.086 0.078 0.078 0.079 0.069 0.084 0.075

32-001-0002

West End

Elementary

1st High 0.074 0.069 0.079 0.081 0.082 0.074

2nd High 0.070 0.064 0.071 0.076 0.079 0.067

SPMS

Fernley Fire

Station

1st High 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09

2nd High 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08

32-019-0006

Intermediate

School

1st High

0.074 0.083 0.073

2nd High 0.072 0.081 0.073

32-033-0008

IMPROVE Site

1st High 0.084 0.086 0.083 0.081 0.091 0.085 0.085 0.091 0.085 0.085 0.080 0.077

2nd High 0.080 0.081 0.082 0.078 0.085 0.079 0.084 0.084 0.080 0.084 0.080 0.074

32-005-0004

Horizon Casino

Resort

1st High 0.078 0.074

2nd High 0.075 0.071

32-005-0008

Cave Rock State

Park

1st High 0.090 0.090 0.096 0.087 0.080 0.061

2nd High 0.087 0.085 0.087 0.086 0.077 0.059

Table C5: Ozone - 8 Hour Averages (ppm)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-510-0002

Fifth Street

4th High 0.074 0.069

Exceed Year No No

32-510-0004

Long Street

4th High 0.067 0.066 0.067 0.071 0.071 0.065 0.066 0.061 0.070 0.067

Exceed Year No No No No No No No No No No

32-001-0002

West End

Elementary

4th High 0.064 0.059 0.064 0.071 0.067 0.059

Exceed Year No No No No No No

SPMS

Fernley Fire

Station

4th High 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.065 0.066 0.067


32-019-0006

Intermediate

School

4th High

0.062 0.069 0.058

Exceed Year No No No

32-033-0008

IMPROVE Site

4th High 0.070 0.072 0.077 0.067 0.074 0.071 0.072 0.073 0.072 0.075 0.071 0.069

Exceed Year No No No No No No No No No No No No

32-005-0004

Horizon Casino

Resort

4th High 0.069 0.061

Exceed Year No No

32-005-0008

Cave Rock State

Park

4th High 0.072 0.071 0.073 0.074 0.066 0.051



January 2011

91

GROUND-LEVEL OZONE GRAPHS AND TABLES

FIFTH STREET GROUND-LEVEL OZONE DATA

32-510-0002 (SLAMS) Carson City - Fifth Street

Eight-Hour Ozone Concentrations

YEAR 4th High Exceedance Year

1998 no data ---

1999 no data ---

2000 no data ---

2001 no data ---

2002 no data ---

2003 no data ---

2004 no data ---

2005 no data ---

2006 no data ---

2007 no data ---

2008 0.074 No

2009 0.069 No


January 2011

92

LONG STREET GROUND-LEVEL OZONE DATA


One-Hour Ozone Concentrations

YEAR 1st High 2nd High Exceedance Exceedance

Hours Days

1998 0.084 0.080 0 0

1999 0.080 0.075 0 0

2000 0.086 0.076 0 0

2001 0.091 0.086 0 0

2002 0.079 0.078 0 0

2003 0.079 0.078 0 0

2004 0.082 0.079 0 0

2005 0.072 0.069 0 0

2006 0.086 0.084 0 0

2007 0.080 0.075 0 0

2008 no data no data --- ---



January 2011

93




1998 0.067 No

1999 0.066 No

2000 0.067 No

2001 0.071 No

2002 0.071 No

2003 0.065 No

2004 0.066 No

2005 0.061 No

2006 0.070 No

2007 0.067 No

2008 no data ---

2009 no data ---


January 2011

94

WEST END ELEMENTARY SCHOOL GROUND-LEVEL OZONE DATA

32-001-0002 (SPMS) Fallon - West End Elementary School



Hours Days







2004 0.074 0.070 0 0

2005 0.069 0.064 0 0

2006 0.079 0.071 0 0

2007 0.081 0.074 0 0

2008 0.082 0.079 0 0

2009 0.082 0.079 0 0


January 2011

95

32-001-0002 (SLAMS) Fallon - West End Elementary School



1998 no data ---

1999 no data ---

2000 no data ---

2001 no data ---

2002 no data ---

2003 no data ---

2004 0.064 No

2005 0.059 No

2006 0.064 No

2007 0.071 No

2008 0.067 No

2009 0.059 No


January 2011

96

FERNLEY FIRE STATION GROUND-LEVEL OZONE DATA

(SPMS) Fernley - Fire Station



Hours Days

1998 0.08 0.08 0 0

1999 0.09 0.08 0 0

2000 0.08 0.07 0 0

2001 0.08 0.08 0 0

2002 0.08 0.08 0 0

2003 0.09 0.08 0 0








January 2011

97

(SPMS) Fernley - Fire Station



1998 0.07 No

1999 0.07 No

2000 0.07 No

2001 0.065 No

2002 0.066 No

2003 0.067 No

2004 no data ---

2005 no data ---

2006 no data ---

2007 no data ---

2008 no data ---

2009 no data ---


January 2011

98

FERNLEY INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL GROUND-LEVEL OZONE DATA

32-019-0006 (SLAMS) Fernley - Intermediate School



1998 no data ---

1999 no data ---

2000 no data ---

2001 no data ---

2002 no data ---

2003 no data ---

2004 no data ---

2005 no data ---

2006 no data ---

2007 0.062 No

2008 0.069 No

2009 0.058 No


January 2011

99

GREAT BASIN NATIONAL PARK IMPROVE SITE GROUND-LEVEL OZONE

DATA

32-033-0008 (SLAMS) Great Basin National Park – IMPROVE Site



Hours Days

1998 0.084 0.080 0 0

1999 0.086 0.081 0 0

2000 0.083 0.082 0 0

2001 0.081 0.078 0 0

2002 0.091 0.085 0 0

2003 0.085 0.079 0 0

2004 0.085 0.084 0 0

2005 0.091 0.084 0 0

2006 0.085 0.080 0 0

2007 0.085 0.084 0 0

2008 0.080 0.080 0 0

2009 0.077 0.074 0 0


January 2011

100

32-033-0008 (SLAMS) Great Basin National Park –

IMPROVE Site Eight-Hour Ozone Concentrations


1998 0.070 No

1999 0.072 No

2000 0.077 No

2001 0.067 No

2002 0.074 No

2003 0.071 No

2004 0.072 No

2005 0.073 No

2006 0.072 No

2007 0.075 No

2008 0.071 No

2009 0.069 No


January 2011

101

HORIZON CASINO RESORT GROUND-LEVEL OZONE DATA

32-005-0004 (SLAMS) Stateline - Horizon Casino Resort One-Hour Ozone Concentrations


Hours Days

1998 0.078 0.075 0 0













January 2011

102

32-005-0004 (SLAMS) Stateline - Horizon Casino Resort Eight-Hour Ozone Concentrations


1998 0.069 No

1999 no data ---

2000 no data ---

2001 no data ---

2002 no data ---

2003 no data ---

2004 no data ---

2005 no data ---

2006 no data ---

2007 no data ---

2008 no data ---

2009 no data ---


January 2011

103

CAVE ROCK STATE PARK GROUND-LEVEL OZONE DATA

32-005-0008 (SLAMS) Zephyr Cove - Cave Rock State Park



Hours Days


1999 0.090 0.087 0 0

2000 0.090 0.085 0 0

2001 0.096 0.087 0 0

2002 0.087 0.086 0 0

2003 0.080 0.077 0 0

2004 0.061 0.059 0 0







January 2011

104

32-005-0008 (SLAMS) Zephyr Cove - Cave Rock State Park Eight-Hour Ozone Concentrations


1998 no data ---

1999 0.072 No

2000 0.071 No

2001 0.073 No

2002 0.074 No

2003 0.066 No

2004 0.051 No

2005 no data ---

2006 no data ---

2007 no data ---

2008 no data ---

2009 no data ---


January 2011

105

PM2.5 Monitoring Data

There are three active PM2.5 monitors under NDEP’s jurisdiction, Fifth Street in Carson

City, Intermediate School in Fernley, and Gardnerville Ranchos in Gardnerville. Between

1998 and 2009, PM2.5 data was also collected at two other monitors, Long Street in

Carson City and Cave Rock State Park in Zephyr Cove.

As mentioned in Section 2.6 of the Trend Report, the 1997 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS was

met when the design value was less than or equal to 65 μg/m3 and the 2006 24-hour

PM2.5 NAAQS is met when the design value is less than or equal to 35 μg/m3. The design

value for PM2.5 is the 3-year average of the 98th percentile 24-hour concentration. The

PM2.5 annual NAAQS is met when the 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM2.5

concentrations is less than or equal to 15.0 µg/m3.


January 2011

106

Figure C3: Map of PM2.5 Monitoring Stations

Gardnerville

Ranchos

Long Street

Fifth Street

Cave Rock

State Park

Intermediate

School


January 2011

107

Table C6: PM2.5 Concentrations (µg/m3)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-510-0002

Fifth Street

# of Samples 90 98

th Percentile 31 Mean N/A*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-510-0004

Long Street

# of Samples 240 324 365 349 359 364 365 359 295 238 284 146 98

th Percentile 17 20 26 26 20 16 28 65 16 23 25 27 Mean 8.1 N/A 4.9 4.5 4.9 3.7 3.7 7.1 3.6 5.5 N/A N/A

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 0 0 3 0

32-019-0006

Fernley

Intermediate School

# of Samples

186 359 345 357 281 293 267 181 255 299 315 98

th Percentile 20 18 27 20 9 14 19 8 11 12 20 Mean N/A 5.5 5.3 4.3 3.8 3.6 4.1 N/A 3.5 3.7 5.4

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

32-005-0007

Gardnerville Ranchos

# of Samples 149 344 337 340 363 309 365 311 301 356 351 273 98

th Percentile 18 24 28 31 29 25 38 73 28 26 27 32 Mean N/A N/A 6.3 5.8 6.3 6.1 6.9 8.0 11.8 10.8 11.5 11.2

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 2 6

32-005-0008

Cave Rock State Park

# of Samples 120 122

98th Percentile 9 19

Mean 3.8 4.6

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0

*N/A indicates that the annual mean is not available due to insufficient data (fewer than 11 samples in one

or more quarters).


January 2011

108

PM2.5 GRAPHS AND TABLES

FIFTH STREET PM2.5 DATA

32-510-0002 Carson City - Fifth Street

PM2.5 Concentrations

YEARS # of 24-Hr 98th Mean 24-Hr

Samples Percentile (Arith.) Exceedances

1998 no data --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- ---

2009 90 31 N/A* 0

*N/A indicates that the annual mean is not available due to

insufficient data (fewer than 11 samples in one or more

quarters).


January 2011

109

LONG STREET PM2.5 DATA

32-510-0004 Carson City - Long Street


YEAR # of 24-Hr 98

th Mean 24-Hr


1998 228 17 8.1 0

1999 269 20 N/A* 0

2000 366 26 4.9 0

2001 349 26 4.5 0

2002 357 20 4.9 0

2003 363 16 3.7 0

2004 365 28 3.7 0

2005 359 65 7.1 13

2006 356 16 3.6 0

2007 327 23 5.5 0

2008 284 25 N/A 0

2009 177 27 N/A 0



quarters).


January 2011

110

FERNLEY INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL PM2.5 DATA



quarters).

32-019-0006 (SPMS) Fernley - Intermediate School


YEARS # of 24-Hr 98

th Mean 24-Hr


1998 no data --- --- ---

1999 186 20 N/A* 0

2000 359 18 5.5 0

2001 345 27 5.3 0

2002 357 20 4.3 0

2003 281 9 3.8 0

2004 293 14 3.6 0

2005 267 19 4.1 0

2006 181 8 N/A 0

2007 255 11 3.5 0

2008 299 12 3.7 1

2009 315 20 5.4 1


January 2011

111

GARDNERVILLE RANCHOS PM2.5 DATA



quarters).

32-005-0007 Gardnerville - Gardnerville Ranchos


YEAR # of 24-Hr 98

th Mean 24-Hr


1998 149 18 N/A* 0

1999 264 24 N/A 0

2000 339 28 6.3 0

2001 340 31 5.8 0

2002 357 29 6.3 0

2003 336 25 6.1 0

2004 366 38 6.9 0

2005 311 73 8.0 8

2006 331 28 11.8 1

2007 356 26 10.8 0

2008 351 27 11.5 2

2009 303 32 11.2 6


January 2011

112

CAVE ROCK STATE PARK PM2.5 DATA

32-005-0008 Zephyr Cove - Cave Rock State Park


YEAR # of 24-Hr 98

th Mean 24-Hr


1998 no data --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- ---

2000 120 9 3.8 0

2001 122 19 4.6 0

2002 no data --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- ---


January 2011

113

PM10 Monitoring Data

There are five active PM10 monitors under NDEP’s jurisdiction, Grammar School #2 in

Elko as well as Linda Street, Church, Manse Elementary School, and Glenoaks Street in

Pahrump. Between 1998 and 2009, PM10 data was also collected at 14 other monitoring

sites, Battle Mountain Police & Fire Station in Battle Mountain, Battle Mountain High

School in Battle Mountain, Bordewich School in Carson City, Long Street in Carson City,

State Offices Building in Elko, West End Elementary School in Fallon, Intermediate

School in Fernley, Gardnerville Ranchos in Gardnerville, McGill Elementary School in

McGill, the Dispatch Center in Minden, Community Pool in Pahrump, Willow Creek in

Pahrump, Horizon Casino Resort in Stateline, and Cave Rock State Park in Zephyr Cove.

As mentioned in Section 2.6 of the Trend Report, compliance with the 1997 annual PM10

NAAQS was met when the 3-year average of the annual mean PM10 concentrations is

less than or equal to 50 µg/m3. The annual PM10 NAAQS (50 µg/m

3) was revoked in the

2006 review. Compliance with the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS is met when the expected

number of days per calendar year above 150 μg/m3 is less than or equal to one, over a 3-

year period.


January 2011

114

Figure C4: Map of Active PM10 Monitoring Stations

Glenoaks

Street

Elko Grammar

School #2

Linda Street

Church

Manse Elementary

School


January 2011

115

Figure C5: Map of Discontinued PM10 Monitoring Stations

Horizon

Casino Resort

Long Street

Bordewich

School

Cave Rock

State Park

West End

Elementary School

Dispatch Center

Gardnerville

Ranchos

State Offices

Building

Police & Fire

Station High School

Willow Creek

Community

Pool

Intermediate

School

McGill

Elementary School


January 2011

116

Table C7: PM10 Concentrations (µg/m3)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-015-0002

Battle Mountain

Police & Fire Station

# of Samples 41

1st High 60

2nd High 50

Mean 26*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-015-0004

Battle Mountain

High School

# of Samples 130 147 344 355 356

1st High 70 120 260 110 140

2nd High 60 100 190 90 140

Mean 17* 27* 20 22 22

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0 2 0 0

32-510-0003

Bordewich School

# of Samples 15

1st High 30

2nd High 30

Mean 15*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-510-0004

Long Street

# of Samples 25

1st High 50

2nd High 30

Mean 15*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-007-0004

Elko

State Offices Building

# of Samples 54 349 214 261 304 346 355 210 319 280 72

1st High 100 80 90 100 150 110 80 90 130 90 40

2nd High 70 80 80 70 90 80 70 70 130 90 40

Mean 22* 25 25* 25* 22* 19 21 21* 26* 26* 15*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

32-007-0005

Elko Grammar

School #2

# of Samples 19 294

1st High 20 140

2nd High 20 130

Mean 9* 25*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0

32-001-0002

West End Elementary

School

# of Samples 25

1st High 80

2nd High 50

Mean 19*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-019-0006

Fernley

Intermediate Schoool

# of Samples 47

1st High 40

2nd High 40

Mean 16

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-005-0007

Gardnerville Ranchos

# of Samples 30

1st High 60

2nd High 40

Mean 13*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

*Indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria.


January 2011

117

Table C7 continued: PM10 Concentrations (µg/m3)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-033-0002

McGill Elementary

Monitor #1

# of Samples 15

1st High 20

2nd High 20

Mean 11*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-033-0002

McGill Elementary

Monitor #2

# of Samples 15

1st High 20

2nd High 20

Mean 12*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-005-0005

Minden

Dispatch Center

# of Samples 15

1st High 30

2nd High 20

Mean 12*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-023-0010

Community Pool

# of Samples 236 327 116 310

1st High 240 530 360 250

2nd High 220 320 210 180

Mean 41 54 32* 42

24-Hour

Exceedances 4 14 3 2

32-023-0011

Linda Street

# of Samples 356 231 320 332 324 322

1st High 130 50 120 140 60 70

2nd High 110 50 80 80 60 70

Mean 11 14* 16* 18 18* 26*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0

32-023-0012

Willow Creek

# of Samples 334 362 282 329 251

1st High 230 80 150 140 130

2nd High 120 80 140 120 90

Mean 30 25 29* 25 17*

24-Hour


32-023-0013

Church

# of Samples 261 308 365 355 351 341

1st High 130 70 120 110 90 100

2nd High 80 60 70 110 80 80

Mean 22* 20* 21 21 17 13

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0

32-023-0014

Manse Elementary

School

# of Samples 44 344 312 299 284

1st High 110 140 140 140 150

2nd High 80 130 120 120 150

Mean 51* 35 38* 27* 30*

24-Hour




January 2011

118

Table C7 continued: PM10 Concentrations (µg/m3)

Site Number/

Site Name Value 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

32-023-0015

Glenoaks Street

# of Samples 55

1st High 100

2nd High 70

Mean 35*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-005-0004

Horizon Casino Resort

Monitor #1

# of Samples 15

1st High 70

2nd High 40

Mean 19*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-005-0004

Horizon Casino Resort

Monitor #2

# of Samples 13

1st High 70

2nd High 40

Mean 22*

24-Hour

Exceedances 0

32-005-0008

Cave Rock State Park

# of Samples

61 60

1st High 60 20

2nd High 50 20

Mean 11 9

24-Hour

Exceedances 0 0



January 2011

119

PM10 GRAPHS AND TABLES BATTLE MOUNTAIN POLICE & FIRE STATION PM10 DATA

32-015-0002 (SLAMS) Battle Mountain - Police & Fire Station

PM10 Concentrations

YEARS # of 1st 2nd Mean 24-hr.

Samples High High (Arith.) Exceedances

1998 41 60 50 26* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---



January 2011

120

BATTLE MOUNTAIN HIGH SCHOOL PM10 DATA

32-015-0004 (SLAMS) Battle Mountain - High School

PM10 Concentrations



1998 130 70 60 17* 0

1999 147 120 100 27* 0

2000 344 260 190 20 2

2001 355 110 90 22 0

2002 356 140 140 22 0

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---



January 2011

121

BORDEWICH SCHOOL PM10 DATA

32-510-0003 (SLAMS) Carson City - Bordewich School

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 15 30 30 15* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^Discontinued site: data for January-March



January 2011

122

LONG STREET PM10 DATA


PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 25 50 30 15* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^Discontinued monitoring: data for January-June



January 2011

123

STATE OFFICES BUILDING PM10 DATA

32-007-0004 (SLAMS) Elko - State Offices Building

PM10 Concentrations



1998 54 100 70 22* 0

1999 349 80 80 25 0

2000 214 90 80 25* 0

2001 261 100 70 25* 0

2002 304 150 90 22* 0

2003 346 110 80 19 0

2004 355 80 70 21 0

2005 210 90 70 21* 0

2006 319 130 130 26* 0

2007 280 90 90 26* 0

2008^ 72 40 40 15* 0

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^PM10 monitoring was discontinued at 850 Elm Street at the end of August 2008.



January 2011

124

ELKO GRAMMAR SCHOOL #2 PM10 DATA

32-007-0005 (SLAMS) Elko - Elko Grammar School #2

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008^ 19 20 20 9* 0

2009 294 140 130 25* 0

*BAM installed at site in September. Data is from December only.



January 2011

125

WEST END ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PM10 DATA

32-001-0002 (SLAMS) Fallon - West End Elementary School

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 25 80 50 19* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^Discontinued site: data for January-June



January 2011

126

FERNLEY INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL PM10 DATA

32-019-0006 (SLAMS) Fernley - Intermediate School

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 47 40 40 16 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^Discontinued site


January 2011

127

GARDNERVILLE RANCHOS PM10 DATA

32-005-0007 (SLAMS) Gardnerville – Gardnerville Ranchos

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 30 60 40 13* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^Discontinued monitoring: data for January-June



January 2011

128

MCGILL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MONITOR #1 PM10 DATA

32-033-0002 (SLAMS) McGill - McGill Elementary School Monitor #1

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 15 20 20 11* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---




January 2011

129

MCGILL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MONITOR #2 PM10 DATA

32-033-0002 (SLAMS) McGill - McGill Elementary School Monitor #2

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 15 20 20 12* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---




January 2011

130

MINDEN DISPATCH CENTER PM10 DATA

32-005-0005 (SLAMS) Minden - Dispatch Center

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 15 30 20 12* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---




January 2011

131

COMMUNITY POOL PM10 DATA

32-023-0010 (SLAMS) Pahrump - Community Pool

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 236 240 220 41 4

2002 327 530 320 54 14

2003 116 360 210 32* 3

2004 310 250 180 42 2

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---



January 2011

132

LINDA STREET PM10 DATA

32-023-0011 (SPMS) Pahrump - Linda Street

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 356 130 110 11 0

2005 231 50 50 14* 0

2006 320 120 80 16* 0

2007 332 140 80 18 0

2008 324 60 60 18* 0

2009 322 70 70 26* 0



January 2011

133

WILLOW CREEK PM10 DATA

32-023-0012 (SPMS) Pahrump - Willow Creek

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 334 230 120 30 1

2005 362 80 80 25 0

2006 282 150 140 29* 0

2007 329 140 120 25 0

2008 251 130 90 17* 0

2009 no data --- --- --- ---



January 2011

134

CHURCH PM10 DATA

32-023-0013 Pahrump - Church

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 261 130 80 22* 0

2005 308 70 60 20* 0

2006 365 120 70 21 0

2007 355 110 110 21 0

2008 351 90 80 17 0

2009 341 100 80 13 0



January 2011

135

MANSE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PM10 DATA

32-023-0014 Pahrump - Manse Elementary School

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 44 110 80 51* 0

2006 344 140 130 35 0

2007 312 140 120 38* 0

2008 299 140 120 27* 0

2009 284 150 150 30* 0



January 2011

136

GLENOAKS STREET PM10 DATA

32-023-0015 Pahrump - Glenoaks Street

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 55 100 70 35* 0



January 2011

137

HORIZON CASINO RESORT MONITOR #1 PM10 DATA

32-005-0004 (SLAMS) Stateline - Horizon Casino Resort Monitor #1

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 15 70 40 19* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^Discontinued monitoring: data for January-March



January 2011

138

HORIZON CASINO RESORT MONITOR #2 PM10 DATA

32-005-0004 (SLAMS) Stateline - Horizon Casino Resort Monitor #2

PM10 Concentrations



1998^ 13 70 40 22* 0

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 no data --- --- --- ---

2001 no data --- --- --- ---

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

^Discontinued monitoring: data for January-March



January 2011

139

CAVE ROCK STATE PARK PM10 DATA

32-005-0008 (SLAMS) Zephyr Cove - Cave Rock State Park

PM10 Concentrations



1998 no data --- --- --- ---

1999 no data --- --- --- ---

2000 60 20 20 9 0

2001* 61 60 50 11 0

2002 no data --- --- --- ---

2003 no data --- --- --- ---

2004 no data --- --- --- ---

2005 no data --- --- --- ---

2006 no data --- --- --- ---

2007 no data --- --- --- ---

2008 no data --- --- --- ---

2009 no data --- --- --- ---

*PM10 monitoring was discontinued at Cave Rock State Park at the end of January 2002.

Documents

Nevada Air Quality Trend Report 1998-2009 · Nevada Air Quality Trend Report, 1998-2009 January 2011 2 Review of long-term monitoring data reveals trends in the ambient air quality