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12/22/2011 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN, IEEE Fellow, Provost’s Chair Professor, Area Director, Integrated Circuits & Embedded Systems Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Trans. on Circuits & Systems II Founder, ClearBridge VitalSigns Pte Ltd Quiz 1: What is zettabyte? Answer: 10 21 or 2 70 Name Value Kilobyte (kB) 10 3 Megabyte (MB) 10 6 Gigabyte (GB) 10 9 Terabyte (TB) 10 12 Petabyte (PB) 10 15 Exabyte (EB) 10 18 Zettabyte (ZB) 10 21 Yottabyte (YB) 10 24

New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Page 1: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

1

Google, iPhoneWhat Comes Next?

Prof. Yong LIAN, IEEE Fellow, Provost’s Chair Professor,

Area Director, Integrated Circuits & Embedded Systems

Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Trans. on Circuits & Systems II

Founder, ClearBridge VitalSigns Pte Ltd

Quiz 1: What is zettabyte?

Answer: 1021 or 270

Name ValueKilobyte (kB) 103

Megabyte (MB) 106

Gigabyte (GB) 109

Terabyte (TB) 1012

Petabyte (PB) 1015

Exabyte (EB) 1018

Zettabyte (ZB) 1021

Yottabyte (YB) 1024

Page 2: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

2

Google to

acquire Motorola Mobility

for $12.5B

Apple sues

Samsung over

Galaxy products

Apple Market Value (2011)

$363 billion

Google Market Value (2011)

$158 billion

By the end of 2015, annual global IP traffic will reach the zettabyte threshold

Internet Traffic Trend

Page 3: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

3

Network Traffic in 2015

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Internet

Managed IP

Mobile dataBusiness

Consumer

Source: Cisco VNI, 2011

What Comes Next?

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2faggNVQtM

Page 4: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

4

Basic Needs

Social Needs Self-actualization

Self-esteem

Social

Maslow’s Pyramid in Internet Era

Physiological

Safety

Computer

Anonymity

Links/Followers

Creativity

Expression

Basic Needs

How about basic needs?-Your body

-Your wellness-Your health

Maslow’s Pyramid in Internet Era

Physiological

Safety

Computer

Anonymity

Page 5: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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5

• Chronic diseases constitute more than 60% of deaths world

Are the Basic Needs Met?

In Singapore, 2 in 5 adults aged > 20 are already suffering from at least one chronic ailment

Source: World Economic Forum and the Harvard School of Public Health, 2011

Productivity Loss: 47 trillions by 2030

Source: World Economic Forum and the Harvard School of Public Health, 2011

Page 6: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

6

Health Expenditure (% Gross Domestic Product)

Source: OECD Health Data 2011

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

World Population

Source: Science, 333, 569 (2011)

Page 7: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

7

The World Population Is Getting Older?

Source: UNFPA, State of World Population 2011

Working-Age Adults per Older Adults

Source: Science, 333, 569 (2011)

Page 8: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

8

Challenges

• Largest issues faced in society today– Growing number of people with chronic

conditions

– Increasing healthcare costs

– Ageing populations

• Healthcare systems are designed for “repair works”, not for maintenance

• Hospital services are in the form of “point of care”, no continuous effort

Unmet Needs

• Needs from healthcare provider– low cost, reduced workload, and efficient

services

• Needs from individual– Personalized and prevention-oriented

healthcare

− Be well, keep well, get well

– Continuous monitoring and instant feedback from healthcare provider

Page 9: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

9

The Impacts of Electronics

Source: New York Stock & Commodity Exchanges

100

1000

10000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Do

w J

on

es A

vera

ge

Google

Silicon chip InternetTCP/IP

PC

Mobile phone iPhone

Developments in Biomedical Devices

• Pacemaker (1958)

• Cochlear implants (1984)

• Deep brain stimulation (1997)

• Retina implants (2007)

• e-nose

• Prosthetic arms

• Prosthetic knees

Page 10: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Bioelectronics

Pioneer of brain stimulation: Dr. Jose Delgado

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nGAr2OkVqE

Bioelectronics

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMaCiuapAW0

Page 11: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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11

The Next Wave: myHealth• Seamless integration with home, working, and hospital

environments.• Continuous monitoring and instant feedback

• Prevention-oriented healthcare

– Prevention is better than cure

• Personalized service

• Key to the success

– New healthcare business model

– Innovations in engineering

– Change of mindset

myHealth: A Melting Pot

Page 12: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Wireless Biomedical Sensor System

Human Energy Scavenging

• Wearable devices can generate 0.3mW – 8 W from breathing, finger motion, blood pressure, body heat, walking.

• Implantable nanowire devices:– Current density: ~8.9nA/ cm2

– Output voltage: ~96mV– Power density: 2.7mW/ cm3

Z.L. Wang, et al “Self-powered nanowire devices”, Nature Nanotechnology, Mar 2010.

Page 13: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Challenges in Designing of Self-Powered WBS

• Complicated system contains analog, mixed-signal, digital, RF, and power blocks.

• Energy scavenging from body and ambient are unstable.

• Limited power budget– Less than few mW for wearable devices.

– Less than 1 mW for implants

Possible Solutions

• New system architecture• Exploring new signal processing flow:

continuous-in-time and discrete-in-amplitude.– Event driven ADC with continuous-time digital

signal processing achieves up to 80% dynamic power saving in terms of number digital outputs for audio signals*.

• Cross-domain optimization and processing• Wireless communication through human body • Asynchronous architecture.• Sub-threshold circuits.*M. Kurchuk and Y Tsividis, “Signal-dependent variable-resolution clockless A/D conversion with application to continuous-time digital signal processing”, IEEE Trans. on CAS I, May 2010 .

Page 14: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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A Snapshot of Research in ECE

• 1-V 450nW programmable ECG sensor interface

• 1-V 2.3µW ECG-on-Chip

• 1-V 22µW 32-channel ECoG chip

• 0.5-V 18µW 16-channel neural recording chip

• Sub-mW UWB mostly digital wireless transceiver

• 0.5-V low power ADC (21 fJ/conversion-step)

• 300mV event driven ADC

• 250mV digital filter for bio-signal processing

• Computationally efficient DSP algorithm (QRS detection at 500 nW for ASIC implementation)

A Design Example: 0.5-V, 1.13-μW per Channel Multi-Channel Neural

Recording Chip

Page 15: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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How Many Neurons in the Brain?

~100,000

Source: http://www.wikipedia.org

~16,000,000~200,000,000,000 ~100,000,000,000

~11,000

Neural Recording

Utah array from Cyberkinetics Inc

Michigan array from NeuroNexus Inc

Page 16: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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• One channel, one ADC

Multi-Channel Acquisition Systems

An

alo

g MU

X

Analog Multiplexing

• Sharing one ADC among all channels –significant increase in power consumption due to additional buffers

Page 17: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Digital M

UX

Proposed Digital Multiplexing• Independent S/H stage for every channel, while

sharing one large DAC in SAR ADC

Timing Diagram

Significant increase in sampling time for every channel power reduction

AD conversion for every channel in sequential order

Page 18: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

12/22/2011

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System Architecture

MU

X

8-channel building block to form a larger array of recording interface

Instrumentation Amp. & VGA

Large gate area and high biasing current to lower noise floor

VGA as driving buffer

Page 19: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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8-Channel 8-bit SAR ADC

SARC02C04C08C0128C0 113C0

8-bit DAC Array

rst rst S3 S2 S1 S0Dout

C02C04C08C0 C0

4-bit S/H Array

S7 S6 S5 S4

Bootstrapped

Ch[0]

VDD

VDD

Ch[1]

Ch[6]Ch[7]

S4~S7Latch

S0~S3rst

Sample[0]~Sample[7]

Sample[0]

Cp[0]

8

MUX

Chip Prototype

0.13µm CMOS → Core area: 1.17mm2

Page 20: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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20

Frequency Responses

101

102

103

104

30

40

50

60

Frequency (Hz)

Gai

n (d

B)

Gain: 48/54dB

LPF: 7.5kHzHPF: 40~400Hz

Input Referred Noise

101

102

103

104

10-8

10-7

10-6

Frequency (Hz)

Inpu

t R

efer

red

Noi

se

(

V/

Hz)

5.32µVrms (50~12kHz)

Page 21: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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21

DNL & INL

0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 255-0.5

-0.250

0.250.5

INL

(LS

B )

Output Code

0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 255-0.5

-0.250

0.250.5

Output Code

DN

L(L

SB

)

DNL/INL: 0.34/0.42 LSB

ESSCIRC 2011, Helsinki42

Output PSD

0 5 10 15-100

-75

-50

-25

0

Frequency (kHz)

Out

put

PS

D(d

BF

S)

fin=14.001kHz (full scale),

SNDR=45.8dB, SFDR=71.26dB,ENOB=7.32b

FOM: 21fJ/Conversion-step

Page 22: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Multi-Channel Performance0

128255

0128255

0128255

0128255

Out

put C

ode

0128255

0128255

0128255

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

0128255

Time (s)

Extra-Cellular Recording

Single neuron recording

Page 23: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Performance Comparison

Parameter Harrison’07 Chae’08 Lee’10 Muller’11 This work

Supply (V) 3.3 3.3 3 0.5 0.5

Process (µm) 0.5 0.35 0.5 0.065 0.13

FE Current (µA) 12.8 2 25 - 1.72

Input referred noise (µVrms)

5.1 4.9 4.39 4.9 5.32

NEF - - - 5.99 3.09

ADC res. & Samp. rate per

ch.

10b15kS/s

6~9b40kS/s

--

8b20kS/s

8b30kS/s

No. of channel 100 128 32 1 16

Area per channel (mm2)

0.15 0.36 0.26 0.013 0.073

Avg. power per channel (µW)

142.2 23.4 36.6 5.04 1.13

The Future of Bioelectronics

Fantastic Voyage (1966)Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o8vsU0Dw-4

Page 24: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Robot with Rat Neuron

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-0eZytv6Qk

The Future of Bioelectronics

Source: http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=15292.php

Page 25: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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The Future WBS

100µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm

Human hair

MOSFET

ProteinsBacteria

Cell Virus

DNA Atoms

The Future of Biomedical Circuits & Systems

• Closed-loop diagnostic and therapeutic devices

• New circuit techniques for low voltage operation and 3D IC integration

• Wireless communication via human body

• System-in-package for miniaturized ingestible/injectable devices

Page 26: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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Conclusions

• The next wave of technology may come from healthcare, especially on wireless health and biomedical circuits and systems.

• Expanding the frontiers of biomedical circuits and systems to ride on the new wave– Many challenges in system architecture, low voltage

circuit techniques.– Call for revolutionary signal processing flow that

improves energy efficiency.– Be aware of challenges beyond CMOS: system

integration, packaging, etc.– Multidisciplinary is the key to the success.

Acknowledgment

• Students, Research Engineers, Postdocs– Chunzhu Yang, Liang Dong, Jianghong Yu, Ling Cen, Yingping Hu,

Ying Wei, Xiaohua Tian, Xiaodan Zou, Jinghua Zhang, Wen Sin Liew, Jun Tan, Fei Zhang, Chacko John Deepu, Mahmood Khayatzadeh, Lei Wang, Yibin Hong, Yongfu Li, Yonghong Tao, Xiaoyang Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Zhenglin Yang, Lei Zhang, Jiqing Cui, Yunfeng Liang, Xiaoyun Liu, Xiangdong Zhou, Pinping Sun, Praveen Thomas, Chandrasekaran Rajasekaran, Rui Cao, Jun Gu, Jye Sheng Hong, Wei Seng Chew, Saravanan s/o Velayutham, Zhi Li, Murli Nair, Seyed Hossein Seyedmehdi, Xiaoyuan Xu, Chao Xue, Muhammad Cassim Mahmud Munshi, Qi Zhang, Xiang Cheng, Junle Pan, Ashton Wong, Xiaofei Chang, Ti Li, Daren Zhang.

• Sponsorship– National University of Singapore research fund

– Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR)

Page 27: New Google, iPhone What Comes Next? - Simon Fraser Universityljilja/cnl/guests/Talk_UBC_Dec2011_slides.pdf · 2011. 12. 22. · 1 Google, iPhone What Comes Next? Prof. Yong LIAN,

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27

Thank You.

Contact: Prof. Yong [email protected]