New Higher New Higher

PHYSICAL EDUCATIONPHYSICAL EDUCATION

HockeyHockey

FACTORS IMPACTING FACTORS IMPACTING ON PERFORMANCE ON PERFORMANCE

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

MENTALMENTAL

SOCIALSOCIAL

EMOTIONALEMOTIONAL

PHYSICAL (FITNESS) FACTORS PHYSICAL (FITNESS) FACTORS & &

EMOTIONAL FACTORSEMOTIONAL FACTORS

THAT COULD IMPACT UPON THAT COULD IMPACT UPON PERFORMANCE IN HOCKEYPERFORMANCE IN HOCKEY

PHYICAL FITNESSPHYICAL FITNESS

Aerobic endurance/stamina Anaerobic endurance Speed endurance Flexibility/suppleness Strength Local muscular endurance Speed Power

PHYSICAL FITNESSPHYSICAL FITNESS

Agility Balance Control/core stability Reaction time/anticipation Coordination

Definitions & Impact Definitions & Impact on Performanceon Performance

Aerobic Endurance / Cardiorespiratory Endurance / StaminaAerobic Endurance / Cardiorespiratory Endurance / StaminaThe ability of the heart and lungs to provide the working muscles with oxygenated blood for a prolonged period of time.

How CRE impacts my performance in hockey…How CRE impacts my performance in hockey…– The player is able to continuously vary their pace throughout an entire 70 minute game.

– The player is able to effectively lose a defender in attack consistently throughout the entire game.

– The player is able to effectively mark an opposing player in a man-to-man strategy or get back to their position when marking zonally, even in the latter stages of the match.

– The player is able to maintain concentration for the duration of the game because they are not tired.

– The player is able to maintain a high skill level in the later stages of the game.

Local Muscular Endurance Local Muscular Endurance The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to work continuously The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to work continuously for for extended periods of time without tiring.extended periods of time without tiring.

How LME impacts my performance in hockey…How LME impacts my performance in hockey…– Continual running involves repeated contractions of our thighs (quadriceps),

hamstrings, gluteals (buttocks) and calves.

– The player is able to continuously lunge for tackles effectively throughout the entire match (ME in lower body).

– The player can maintain a dynamic defensive stance when marking in both man to man and zonal strategies. This allows them to change direction and tackle efficiently without fatigue setting in (ME in lower body).

– The player can continue to perform skills at a consistently high level even in the latter stages of a match.

SpeedSpeedThe ability of the whole body or part of the body to move quickly in the shortest time possible.

How speed impacts my performance in hockey…How speed impacts my performance in hockey…– The player is able to break away from a defender quickly to create space in which to

receive the ball.

– The player is able to sprint out at a penalty corner, get to the ball and try to make a tackle before the shot at goal is taken.

– The player is able to beat his opponent with speed to create space for a pass / cross / shot.

– The player is able to chase an opponent with or without possession to get goal-side. He can match the attacker’s movements preventing them from making space.

– The player is able to quickly break forward in a counter attack.

PowerPowerThe ability to use strength quickly to produce an explosive effort.

How power impacts my performance in hockey…How power impacts my performance in hockey…– The player (injector) is able to push the ball out at pace and effectively providing

their team mates with a scoring opportunity before their opponents close them down.

– The player is able to drive past an opponent explosively to create space for a pass / cross / shot.

– The player can pass the ball over longer distances, effectively switching the play from one side of the pitch to the other or playing a long through ball.

– The player can shoot with power, making it more difficult for the goalkeeper to save.

AgilityAgilityThe ability to move the whole body / change body position quickly and precisely using a combination of speed, flexibility, balance and strength.

How agility impacts my performance in hockey…How agility impacts my performance in hockey…– The player is able to quickly change direction to lose a defender whilst dribbling or in an

attempt to create space to receive a pass.

– The player is able to change body position quickly whilst driving past an opponent to avoid being tackled.

– The player is able to stay goal-side of an opponent who is continually changing direction and speed.

– The goalkeeper is able to slide or dive then return back to their feet quickly to defend any rebounds or further shots at goal.

– The player can channel an opponent who is dribbling with speed and precision.

HOMEWORK - QUESTION HOMEWORK - QUESTION 11

Give Give two different two different examples of examples of aspects of aspects of physical (fitness) physical (fitness) factors factors that impacted upon your that impacted upon your performance in hockey. performance in hockey.

Try to make your answer specific to your role Try to make your answer specific to your role (striker/midfielder/defender).(striker/midfielder/defender).

Write your answer in as much detail as you can.Write your answer in as much detail as you can. This must be finished for Tuesday when I will collect all jotters in if This must be finished for Tuesday when I will collect all jotters in if

you do not finish it in class take it home you do not finish it in class take it home

As a striker in hockey I need to be able to beat a defender. Having good agility As a striker in hockey I need to be able to beat a defender. Having good agility has a positive impact upon my performance as I can change direction quickly has a positive impact upon my performance as I can change direction quickly whilst driving with the ball to get past an defender on the other team. This then whilst driving with the ball to get past an defender on the other team. This then gives me a good chance of scoring. Having good agility also has a positive gives me a good chance of scoring. Having good agility also has a positive effect on me as a striker as I can really quickly change direction to get away effect on me as a striker as I can really quickly change direction to get away from the player marking me which gives me space to get the ball in. This again from the player marking me which gives me space to get the ball in. This again gives me a good chance of scoring before my opponent can tackle me. gives me a good chance of scoring before my opponent can tackle me.

As a striker in hockey I also need to be able to sweep or hit powerful shots into As a striker in hockey I also need to be able to sweep or hit powerful shots into the goal but because I am not very powerful this has a negative effect of my the goal but because I am not very powerful this has a negative effect of my performance. When I hit the ball it isn’t powerful and doesn’t travel very fast performance. When I hit the ball it isn’t powerful and doesn’t travel very fast therefore this means the defender on the other team has time to get their stick therefore this means the defender on the other team has time to get their stick down and stop my shot going in. As a striker if I was powerful I would also be down and stop my shot going in. As a striker if I was powerful I would also be able to move explosively to get passed a defender which would give me a better able to move explosively to get passed a defender which would give me a better chance of scoring but when I try to move explosively I’m not quite powerful and chance of scoring but when I try to move explosively I’m not quite powerful and fast enough to get passed a defender which means I don’t usually get enough fast enough to get passed a defender which means I don’t usually get enough space to have a shot when I try to move like this.space to have a shot when I try to move like this.

Homework answers MUST be Homework answers MUST be in your own words do not copy in your own words do not copy

this.this.

EMOTIONALEMOTIONAL

FearFear AngerAnger Happiness / SadnessHappiness / Sadness ResilienceResilience TrustTrust SurpriseSurprise

Definitions & Impact Definitions & Impact on Performance on Performance

ResilienceThe ability to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

How resilience impacts on performance…– When the player makes a mistake during a performance, they can quickly forget about

it and regain their concentration.

– If the player suffers defeat, they are quick to forget the negatives and can focus on the positive aspects of their performance.

– When a player is playing against a team/player that is perceived to be better than them, they are not overawed. They work hard and remain focussed to compete to the best of their ability.

– If a player suffers an injury which prevents them from competing for a period of time, they have the ability to remain positive. They work hard to recover in order to return to action as quickly as possible.

– If a player experiences failure when attempting to develop a skill or aspect of fitness, they do not give up. They react positively and work harder in an attempt to make the necessary changes.

AngerAngerA strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure.

How anger impacts my performance in hockey… – If a player is angry and tenses their muscles when they are on the ball this may

help them generate more power in their hit.

– When a player is angry as their opponent is on the ball and has a chance of scoring they could dive in and making a stick tackle causing a foul to be given against their team.

– If a player is angry as the other team are perceived to be better than their team this may motivate them to work really hard to prove otherwise.

– If a player is angry as they think the umpire is being biased towards the other team they may loose their concentration and begin to make silly mistakes.

FearFearAn unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain, or harm.

How fear impacts my performance in How fear impacts my performance in hockey… hockey…

– If a player is scared of being hit by a strong striker on the other team they may shy away from making tackles, making it easier for their opponents to create scoring opportunities.

– If a player is scared of loosing an important match they may begin to shake, this may cause them to make mistakes.

– If a player scared of letting their team down, this may motivate them to concentrate and work really hard throughout the whole game.

Happiness/SadnessHappiness/SadnessHappiness: feeling or showing pleasure or

contentment.Sadness: feeling or showing sorrow; unhappy.

How happiness/sadness impacts my performance in hockey… How happiness/sadness impacts my performance in hockey… –If a player is happy with a pass that they have made as it led on to their team mate scoring a goal, then this will increase their levels of confidence and they will believe that they will play well for the rest of the match.

–If a player is sad or upset for example they fell out with a friend just before the match, this could lead to the player being distracted and thinking about their friend/peer group rather than concentrating on their role within the game.

HOMEWORK - HOMEWORK - QUESTION 2QUESTION 2 Give Give two different two different examples of examples of

aspects of aspects of emotional emotional factors that factors that impacted upon your performance in impacted upon your performance in hockey. hockey.

YOUR ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:YOUR ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

Example 1Example 1 Example 2Example 2Impact 1Impact 1 Impact 1Impact 1

Impact 2Impact 2 Impact 2Impact 2

WHY I GATHERED INFORMATION WHY I GATHERED INFORMATION ON ON

PHYSICAL FITNESS & EMOTINAL PHYSICAL FITNESS & EMOTINAL FACTORSFACTORS

To identify the strengths and weaknesses in my physical fitness.

So that I can compare information on my performances before and after training.

So that I can choose approaches to developing performance that are suitable for developing my weaknesses.

– E.g. If CRE was my main weakness I would choose fartlek training.– E.g. If fear was my main weakness I would use visualisation of a successful

performance.

So that I can set SMART targets.– (Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-framed)

HOW I GATHERED INFORMATION HOW I GATHERED INFORMATION ON PHYSICAL (FITNESS) FACTORSON PHYSICAL (FITNESS) FACTORS

Standardised fitness tests Time related observation

schedules Digital video analysis Heart rate monitor Static and dynamic testing

Time Related Observation Time Related Observation SchedulesSchedules– This looks specifically at my movement patterns

throughout a competitive game. – We played in a competitive game lasting 40

minutes against opponents of similar ability. – The game was split into 2 halves and for each half

my partner recorded my movement patterns (how many times I walked, jogged, ¾ pace ran and sprinted).

– This means I can see if there are any significant differences between my performance at the start of the game and the end.

BenefitsBenefits of using TROS… of using TROS…

– The TROS is designed specifically to analyse the major movement intensities used in the game of hockey.

– The performer plays against players of similar ability so that they have to give their all and attempt to play to their potential.

– This ensures that the information gathered is a true reflection of the performer’s contribution to the game. As such, it provides an indication of how their fitness levels affect their performance.

– The data is collected by an unbiased peer / teacher to ensure results are objective, accurate and reliable.

– The schedule provides a permanent record of results and is repeatable, making future comparisons easy.

Limitations of using …

– If the TROS is completed live, some of the action could easily be missed and therefore not all information will be recorded accurately.

– The movements made by the player being assessed may be misinterpreted by the recorder. For example, a ¾ paced run may be mistaken for a sprint. Therefore, inaccurate information can be recorded.

QUESTION 3QUESTION 3

A) Describe one STANDARDISED A) Describe one STANDARDISED TEST that you used to gather TEST that you used to gather information on your physical fitness.information on your physical fitness.

B) Describe another STANDARDISED B) Describe another STANDARDISED TEST that you used to gather TEST that you used to gather information on your physical fitness.information on your physical fitness.

BenefitsBenefits of using standardised fitness of using standardised fitness test…test…– Each test is specifically designed to assess a particular aspect of fitness.– The tests are recognised and used worldwide. This provides norms

against which you can compare your results to see whether your fitness is poor, average or good for your age/sex.

– They provide a permanent record of results and are repeatable, making future comparisons easy.

– Each test has strict guidelines / procedures to follow to make sure results are valid and reliable.

– Tests are overseen by an unbiased teacher / coach to ensure results are accurate.

– Results can also be compared to an elite performer.– Results can be used to set initial training intensity and short / long term

goals.

Limitations of using standardised standardised fitness testfitness test…– Practice and motivation levels can sometimes influence

the scores achieved in certain tests. For example, two people could have identical levels of CRE but the more motivated participant will score better.

– The accuracy of the test results often depends on how strictly the protocol is followed by the participants and recorders.

– As some of the tests are conducted outside, the environmental conditions can affect the results.

HOW I GATHERED HOW I GATHERED INFORMATION INFORMATION

ON EMOTIONAL FACTORSON EMOTIONAL FACTORS POMS Test (Profile of Mood State)POMS Test (Profile of Mood State) The Resilience ScaleThe Resilience Scale Self-reflectionSelf-reflection Coach feedbackCoach feedback Disciplinary recordDisciplinary record Emotional intelligence quotient Emotional intelligence quotient Bio feedbackBio feedback

The Resilience ScaleThe Resilience Scale– This is a questionaire created by (Wagnild & Young 1987),

which specifically to assesses your resilience. – It was designed to assess how likely you are to continue in

pursuit of a goal, even after encountering severe difficulty or failure.

– It has twenty-five questions which require a response on a seven point Likert scale ranging from ‘Strongly Disagree’ to ‘Strongly Agree’.

– You must answer each question honestly in order to get a score reflective of their current level of resilience.

– Your final score can range from 25 (very low – not resilient) to 175 (very high – extremely resilient).

Benefits of using the Resilience Scale…– It was the first tool developed to measure resilience

directly.– It is considered one of the most accurate instruments

available to measure resilience. – It has been used successfully for over fifteen years by

thousands of coaches, and researchers, all over the world.

– The overall score is calculated and compared against the scale provided to determine your level of resilience.

– It provides a permanent record of results and is repeatable, making future comparisons easy.

Limitations of using the Resilience Scale…

– To gain an accurate score, the respondent must be honest when answering each question. Unfortunately, there is no way of telling how truthful the respondent is being.

– This could also result in the respondent doctoring future responses to indicate an improvement in their resilience.

– The Resilience Scale is not specific to sport and contains questions which may not be relevant to the respondent’s approach to sport.

Question 4Question 4

Describe how you gathered Describe how you gathered information on your emotional information on your emotional anger.anger.

Benefits of using the POMS Test…– Minimal equipment required, it can be

completes with pen, paper and a list of the statements.

– It is simple to set up and conduct and can be done at the most convenient time or place for me and my coach/teacher.

– The test is used worldwide therefore results can be compared to norms.

Limitations of using the POMS TEST…– External factors such as, noise level or the

weather when the player is completing the test may affect how they feel therefore the results may not be fully reliable.

– Time of day when the player is completing the test may affect how they feel particularly if it is late or they are really tired therefore the results may not be fully reliable.

PHYSICAL (FITNESS)PHYSICAL (FITNESS)Training to Improve Training to Improve

CRECRE

Interval Training Interval Training

Fartlek TrainingFartlek Training

Continuous TrainingContinuous Training

Continuous TrainingContinuous Training

Non-stop movement (e.g. running, cycling or swimming) for a sustained period of time (minimum of 20 min) without rest.

To gain any benefit from this; heart rate must be kept within your correct training zone, the sessions need to be repeated at least 3 times a week. – CRE training zone = between 65% and 85% of your max

heart rate– Maximum heart rate = 220 beats per minute - your age.

Advantages of continuous training…– It is proven to improve your CRE– It doesn't require expensive specialist

equipment.– Most exercises are simple to perform.– Duration and intensity can be easily

adapted to suit level of fitness.– It is easy to progressively overload your

training programme.

Disadvantages of continuous training… – It can become boring and therefore

requires a great deal of intrinsic motivation to continue with it.

– It does not improve anaerobic fitness.– It does very little to improve your ability

to exert short bursts of speeds which are also required in hockey.

Fartlek TrainingFartlek Training Fartlek training involves varied pace movement for a sustained period of

time (walking, jogging, running and sprinting). This mirrors the requirements of a game where regular changes of speed occur.

For example, during a game a hockey player might walk for 35% of a game, jog for 50%, run at ¾ pace for 10% and sprint for 5%. To make training as specific as possible to the movements made in a game, these percentages can be used to divide up a 30 minute session. This is shown below:

30 minute session: Walking = 10 ½ minutes (35% of 30)Jogging = 15 minutes (50% of 30)¾ pace running = 3 minutes (10% of 30)Sprinting = 1 ½ minutes (5% of 30)

NOTE: It is important to note that these movements would be spread out evenly as you will never sprint solidly for 1 ½ minutes in any team game. You may follow a pattern of jog, ¾ pace, jog, sprint, walk etc...

 

Fartlek training can also be used to replicate the movements of a specific position. For example, a midfield player in hockey will often follow a journey similar to the one shown below.

Question 5Question 5

Describe the ADVANTAGES Describe the ADVANTAGES and the DISADVANTAGES of and the DISADVANTAGES of fartlek training.fartlek training.

Question 6Question 6

Describe interval training in as Describe interval training in as much detail as possible.much detail as possible.

Advantages of Interval Training…Advantages of Interval Training…– It is proven to develop aerobic and anaerobic

endurance. – Can be made activity specific i.e. actions &

movement patterns of hockey. – The ‘start, stop’ nature of the training makes

it very reflective of team games.– Duration and intensity can be easily adapted

to suit level of fitness.– Easy to progressively overload.

Disadvantages of Interval training…Disadvantages of Interval training…– You may require help to set up and run a session.

Someone may have to time your work / rest periods and indicate when to start and stop.

– If you are doing it on your own you may be inclined to stop trying when you get tired.

– Very difficult for beginners and the intensity may put them off.

– The high-intensity nature means that it puts a lot of strain on your muscles. If your muscles are not used to this, you could pull or strain them.

Combined ApproachCombined Approach

This method of training combines fitness development with skill development.

The tasks selected must reflect the element of fitness which is being worked on. E.g. If working to improve CRE there must be a high percentage of running involved in the skill-related training.

An example of using skill-related training to improve CRE for a hockey player is the fartlek session detailed below. The player dribbles the ball the entire time unless otherwise stated.

Advantages of the conditioning approach…

It allows you to develop skills and fitness in the same session, saving time.

It develops activity specific fitness and helps you develop the ability to perform skills well whilst coping with fatigue.

As you are using skills of the game, training should be more fun and thus it prevents boredom. You are therefore more likely to work harder for longer.

Disadvantages of the conditioning approach…

You may find that you focus too much on the skill development and as such, you do not work as hard on the fitness element of the training.

The conditioned approach often relies on having other people to help out. For example, the session outlined above, requires two people to provide a passing target and to feed the ball back.

You will require access to specific equipment and often the playing area used in your sport.

PRINCIPLES OF TRAININGPRINCIPLES OF TRAINING

In order to maintain and improve your physical fitness, it is important to apply the Principles of Training. These are:

SpecificityProgressive OverloadReversibility Tedium (Boredom)

An easy way to remember these is by using the acronym S-P-O-R-T.

SpecificitySpecificity

Training has to be specific to your needs, your activity and to the role you play within the activity.

Your needs: You must choose training methods suited to your identified weak aspect of fitness. It must also be specific to your existing levels of fitness.

The activity: You must train the muscles, energy systems and skills which are specific to the activity for which you are training.

The role you play: You must train specifically for your role within the activity – a striker in hockey will require slightly different levels of each aspect of fitness to that of a midfielder or goal keeper. Therefore, training should reflect this.

Question 7Question 7

Describe progressive overload in Describe progressive overload in as much detail as possible. as much detail as possible. (8) (8)

– Description (2)Description (2)– Method 1 (2)Method 1 (2)– Method 2 (2)Method 2 (2)– Method 3 (2)Method 3 (2)

ReversibilityReversibility

If you stop regular training sessions due to injury or bad weather or a lack of motivation, your level of fitness will reduce rapidly. It is important to remember that you lose your level of fitness faster than you gain it.

Tedium (Boredom)Tedium (Boredom)

By varying the content of training sessions, the athlete should be able to avoid boredom caused by the constant repetition of the same session. There are several methods of training and ways of using these to create a varied programme.

EMOTIONAL EMOTIONAL Developing Resilience and

Happiness Overcoming Sadness and Anger

Positive Self TalkPositive Self Talk

Anchor/Trigger WordsAnchor/Trigger Words

Visualisation/Imagery Visualisation/Imagery

Positive Self-TalkPositive Self-Talk

This is talking that you do in your head. This self-talk often happens automatically and you are barely aware of it. However, what you say to yourself can have a big effect on the way you perform.

Self-talk can be like an internal coach, encouraging you, boosting your confidence and motivating you to try harder and achieve your goals; helping you be resilient, determined and motivated. Alternatively, your self-talk can be very negative; criticising you and undermining you when are down, making you give up.

To improve in this area you must insist on only positive self-talk.

Examples of how to turn negative self-talk into positive self-

talkNegative Self-Talk Reframed into

Positive Self-Talk

I’ll never finish this training session without

walking

Keep working until the end

That player is better than me, they will get to the

ball first

Make sure you win the ball

Don’t dive in and make another stick tackle

Chanel the player and then jab the ball away

from them

Anchor/Trigger WordsAnchor/Trigger Words

To maintain positivity, and indeed to play / train to your best, you must be able to recover quickly from setbacks. In order to do this you can use what is called an anchor/a trigger word to help you maintain a composed and resolute mental state.

An anchor / trigger words is a positive word or phrase that help you stay in your ideal performance state (IPS)

These should be words that are relevant and personal to you that can be quietly repeated to yourself to bring on a feeling of resilience and determination whilst you are competing.

An anchor/trigger word can help you regroup and refocus, to take control of the situation and get back to playing your best. During a training session, a trigger word can be used when it is getting particularly tough or painful in order to help you complete the session to the best of your ability. Examples are words such as, ‘focus’, ‘dig-in’ or ‘effort’ to help you complete the session/exercise when fatigue sets in.

Question 8Question 8

There is one other approach that you have used to develop resilience, develop happiness, overcome sadness or overcome anger. Describe this method in as much detail as possible.

GOAL SETTINGGOAL SETTING

A goal is something you want to achieve.  

It is important to have short, medium and long term goals. Broken down into smaller chunks, goals do not seem quite so far-fetched and unachievable. By achieving smaller goals in the pursuit of your ultimate objective, you are more likely to remain motivated and persevere when things are tough.

Short Term Goals should only have a limited amount of time. These goals should be the easiest to achieve in regards to minimal time allocated to the task. E.g. complete a 20 minute fartlek session in the first week of a CRE training programme.

Medium Term Goals should be what you achieve after consistently achieving your short-term goals. E.g. improve bleep test score by one complete level by the end of a six week training programme.

Just like consistently achieving your short-term goals leading to achieving medium-term goal, consistently achieving your medium-term goals should lead to achieving your Long Term Goal. E.g. becoming the fittest player in my hockey team within a year.

Effective goal setting uses the SMART principle

Specific to your weaknesses e.g. CRE, lasting a whole game, improving your bleep test score.

Measurablemeasuring your progress will help to motivate you towards reaching your goals.

Adjustablegoals should be flexible and accommodate unexpected things (e.g. injury-reduce intensity, finding training easy-increase duration).

Realisticyou should create goals which you believe you can achieve and that are based on your current level, bare in mind the fitter you get the smaller the gains will be.

Time-framedhaving a time limit to achieve your goals in will deter you from procrastinating. Having long and short term goals will keep you motivated

MONITORING & MONITORING & EVALUATINGEVALUATING WHY WHY you should monitor your programme of you should monitor your programme of

work.work.

–So I can make comparisons to previous information gathered & check what progress I have made.

–To see if I need to make any changes / adaptations to the development approaches which I included in my programme depending on what progress has been made.

 

–To gain motivation & to keep my working or to work harder in order to meet my goals which were set or my new goals.

 

–So that I can identify any strengths and any new weaknesses which I may need to develop.

HOW should you monitor / record your performance should you monitor / record your performance development.development.

– Recording Progress: Training Diary / LogThis allows you to record what you did in each session, how you felt throughout and whether you achieved any set targets.

 

– Monitoring Progress:Question 9How did you monitor your progress and what did this allow you to do? 

– Using feedback:External - Verbal, Visual, Written, Manual, Knowledge of Results Internal - Kinaesthetic)

Receiving feedback throughout your development programme is essential for making continual progress.

Why you might have to change your Why you might have to change your training?training?

You may be making more / less progress than you anticipated. You would then need to consider progressive overload – altering either frequency, intensity or duration.

You may begin to lack motivation and encounter boredom if your training programme is too repetitive. You then may want to alter sessions to make them more game like or introduce an alternative method of training (combined approach).

You may suffer an injury during your programme and have to stop training. As a result of reversibility, you would then need to re-enter your programme at earlier stage/reduce the frequency, intensity or duration.