new priyaNKA projrct final (Repaired).docx

8/11/2019 new priyaNKA projrct final (Repaired).docx

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Table of Content

Introduction

Characteristics

Elements

Devices

Memory


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COMPUTER

A computer is an electronic device that can manipulate data.Computers are use by students,writers, television producer,musician, poets, graphics, illustrators and scholars ofmedieval history . A computer is programmable i.e, what thecomputer does is totally on the programs, which thecomputer is using. (A Program is a list of instructions tellingthe computer what and how to do.)

This definition is often referred to as the I.P.O.S cycle. Thefour steps of the IPOS cycle input, processing, out-putstorage do not have to occur in a rigid IPOS sequence.

I.P.O.S Cycle

PROCESS

OUT-PUT

STORAGE

INPUT


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CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

1.SPEED Speed is the rate at which a computer can process

per second. A typical computer is capable of doing millionsof calculations per second.

2.Accuracy Computers are not only fast, but they are highly

accurate. The term Computer Error is commonly used as

more of Human Error. Computer only carries out

programmers instruction efficiently, if instruction given to

the computer is reliable, then the result produced will be

accurate.

3.Diligence Human beings generally tire after a couple of

hours of work and tend to make mistakes. But computer

simply do not get bored and can same operations repeatedly

over any length of time.

4.Memory Computer can have very large memory. Every

piece of Information may be retained, in a computer memory

as long as you desire it.

5.Versatility Computers are fairly versatile in performing

arithmetic calculations, moving data within the various

sections of computer and input and output operations.


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FIVE ELEMENTS OF THE COMPUTINGPROCESS

1)

HARDWARE:- The term hardware refers to the physicalparts of the computer. Computer hardware is versatile but it

does depend on the computer program you use. The key to

the computers versatility is memory. The key to the

computers precision is the fact that it represents data

digitally.

2)SOFTWARE:-Software is the set of instruction that guides

the hardware through its job. Software is divided into twocategories: system software and application software. System

software integrates the computer hardware components while

application software turns the computer into a tool for a

specific task.

There are two types of software these are as follows:


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System software: Computer needs system software to

function.System software integrates the computers hardware

components and provides tools for day to day maintenance

tasks. Example: UNIX, MICROSOFT WINDOWS 98,

SYSTEM 7 ETC.

Application software: Application software turns the

computer into a tool for a specific task, such as writing. Not

all application programs will prove useful to us. Some

application programs are special purpose program, which

perform a specific task for a single profession. Example : MS

WORD , MS EXCEL, TALLY ETC.

3)DATA:-Data is the raw material, information is processed

data. Data is the input to the processing, information is the

output.

4)

PEOPLE:- Computers were designed by people andoccasionally require maintenance by people . Most

computers require people, who are called users.


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5)PROCEDURES:- Procedures are the steps that you must

follow to accomplish a specific computer related task. Part of

a uses computer literacy knows common procedures.


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Devices of Computer

There are following types of computer devices :

Input devices: Devices which are used for the purpose of to

command the computer for a specific or general purpose are

known as Input devices. Example: KEYBOARD, MOUSE

ETC.

Keyboard - Keyboard is an input device consisting of a set of

typewriter-like keys that enable you to enter data intocomputer.The keys on Keyboard are Classified as follow :

Alphanumeric keys

Special keys

Function keys

Mouse- It controls the movement of the cursor or pointer. It

is a small box with a round ball on its bottom and 1 to 3

buttons on the top. It is used for selection purpose.

Scanners - Scanner is basically input device that are capable

of recognizing marks or character. Thus they are used for

data entry into the computer system.

Joystick- Joy sticks are designed in the shape of handles that

swivel in 360 acres. Enable their users to control screen

figures. It is used mostly for computer games.


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Output devices: Devices which are used by a computer to give

the result of the input are known as Output devices. Example:

MONITOR, PRINTER ETC.

Storage devices: Devices which are used for the storage of thedata stored in the computer are known asMemorystorage

devices.

They are of two types:

o Primary/Internal devices. Example: RAM, HARD

DISK ETC.

o Secondary/External devices. Example: DVD, CD, PEN

DRIVE ETC.

(RAM)

(PENDRIVE)

Processing Devices: Devices which are used for the process

of the input data are known as processing devices. Example:

Central processing unit (CPU).


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Memory

Like human being a computer also has a memory. All data orinformation are saved in its memory. You can also recall dataor information from its memory when needed. The memoryunit of a computer is located inside its CPU cabinet.When you switch on your computer, it first checks itsmemory. If its memory found in order, your computer isready to begin its work. Every computer has two types ofmemories.

1.

Primary (Internal) memory.2.Secondary (External) memory.

(1) Primary or Internal memory:-Primary memory looks like a microprocessor which isconstructed from a silicon chip. The chips are often mountedon a small circuit board called PCB.There are two types of internal memory which are used in

the computer :1. RAM( random access memory)2.ROM(read only memory)

RAM-RAM stands for random access memory. Ram is used forread and write the data. In ram data and information areheld at a particular address for a short term until they arereplaced with new data and information. So RAM is thetemporary working area like a blackboard in the classroom.

Data and information are retrieved randomly not insequence. RAM is a volatile memory because all data that weput into the ram remain there while the computer is on. Assoon as the computer is switched off, all the information willbe erased and lost from ram. So before switching thecomputer off, you must save data on a storage disk.


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There are two types of Ram available in market:-

(1) DRAM (Dynamic random access memory)

(2)

SRAM (Static random access memory)

ROM-ROM stands for read only memory. It is used only forreading data and information. It is used for the permanentstorage of certain information. the software like BIOS(basicinput output system) is located in the ROM chip to check allthe devices and give the start up instruction to the computer.It can not be written over or altered and thus is not lost whenelectric current is turned off. There are different types ofROM available in market.

(3) Secondary or External memory:-Secondary memory is a permanent memory. When you work

on a computer and want to keep the data and informationsafe for future use, you have to use the secondary memory.RAM or ROM are of no use for this purpose. So thesecondary memory is used to store the documents, files orpictures on the computer for future use. Some of suchdevices are floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, CD, etc.


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Floppy disk

Floppy disk are made of a plastic film coated with aferromagnetic material and covered with a flexibleplastic jacket. Data is stored in concentric rings. Theserings are known as tracks. This is direct accessstorage device. You can read or write data on this disk.There are two sizes of floppies.- 5.25- 3.5

After inserting the floppy into floppy disk drive, youcan copy information from the computer on to thefloppy or put information from the floppy into thecomputer.A hard disk is a rigid, magnetically sensitive disk thatspins rapidly and continuously inside the computer.User never removes this type of internal hard disk. Thehard disk is used to store all types of programs, filesand also the operating system of the computer. The

storage capacity of hard disk is very large, in the rangeof1.2 to 160 GB(GIGA BYTES)

Magnetic tapeA magnetic type is used for storing a large amount ofdata. A magnetic tape is a long, magnetic, coated,plastic strip. It is housed in a plastic jacket. It is a


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common storage device on most of the mainframecomputers and some personal computers. A magnetictape has one clear limitation that it is a sequentialaccess medium. Since retrieving information from the

middle of a tape is time consuming, a magnetic tape isused today mostly for backup of data and for a fewother operations that are not time sensitive.

CDROMIt is an optical circular plate made of plastic. Cd-rom stands

for compact disk eread only memory. It needs a cd rom drive

to run. Once a cd inserted into the cd rom drive , the text,

video images and so on can be read for processing or display

. however the data on the disk are fixed and cannot be

altered. The working of cd is based on the optical

technology. Once the data have been written to the medium,

they can only be read, not updated or changed. The capacity

of cd rom is 700mb

CD-RWCd-rw stands for compact disc rewritable. These discs are

used for read and write data and information repeatedly. You

can write your data or information on a cd-rw and after using

it you can erase it from a cd-rw . Now this is blank again ,

you can now again write your data or information on to it.Optical disks are more expensive and less reliable than

magnetic media. In addition, the disk access time for re-

writable optical disks are slow as compared to magnetic

media.


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What is MS-EXCEL ?

Excel is an electronic spreadsheet program that can be used for

storing, organizing and manipulating data.

Definition:A spreadsheet is a table used to store various types ofdata. The data is arranged in rows and columns to make it easier to

store, organize, and analyze the information.

When you look at the Excel screen (refer to the example) you see a

rectangular table or grid ofRowsandColumns.The horizontal

rows are identified by numbers (1, 2, 3, ) and the vertical

columns with letters of the alphabet (A,B,C). For columnsbeyond 26, columns are identified by two or more letters such as

AA, AB, AC.

The intersection point between a column and a row is a small

rectangular box known as a cell. ACellis the basic unit for storing

data in the spreadsheet. Because an Excel spreadsheet contains

thousands of these cells, each is given a cell reference or address to

identify it.

The cell reference is a combination of the column letter and the

row number such as A3, B6, AA 345.

When we work on Microsoft-excel, then we are working on

workbook. The file which we creates in ms-excel is known as

Workbook. Workbook contains different sheets which are known

as Worksheet. Worksheet is a computer-based spreadsheet, whichused to store data in columns and rows which can then be

organized and/or processed. Window of ms-excel is divided into

different parts shown below:


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This is a cell.

This is row.

This is column.Scroll Bar

Title BarMenu

Ribbons

Formula Bar


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For understanding more functions of MS-Excel I will explain it

with an example:

Illustration: Vishwanath & Sons starts business from year 2006

and they deals with three products A, B & C. From the year to thenext three years they need to show their stock summary to another

co. for expansion.the following transaction will takes place related

to their stock and sales,profit %age is to be increased by 10%each

year and purchases for year 2006 is A-Rs.1,50,000. B-Rs.3,00,000.

C-Rs.1,20,000. Profit %age rate is A-10%,B-20%,C-15%.and

Gross sold %age is A-55%,B-80%,C-60%.

For 2007 Purchases of A,B,C are Rs.1,25,000, Rs.1,75,000,

Rs.2,10,000 and gross sold percentage is 85%,55%,75% and foryear 2008 purchases of A,B,C are Rs.2,00,000 Rs.2,75,000

Rs.2,50,000 gross sold percentage are 20%, 40%, 25%.


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showing stock statement of year 2006 we have to create a format with following Head

STOCK STATEMENT OF YEAR 2006

duct Purchases Profit% Gross sale% Cost of goods Sold Sales Closing Stock P

As shown below and we have to create formula at formula bar i.e,

of Sales = (B3+(B3*C3))*D3 and after that with the help of

fillhandle we drag it to all cells.

likewise other formulas are:Closing Stock = B3-E3

Profit = F3-E3

After creating these formulas then we have to fill the values in the

remaining heads as: Product, Purchases, Profit%, Cost of Goods

Sold.

Now create new worksheet by clicking on insert sheet option or by

(shift+f11).

Then format it by giving following heads:


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showing stock statement of year 2007 we have to create a format with following Head


duct

Opening

StockPurchases Profit% Gross sale% Cost of goods Sold Sales Closing Stock

And apply the same formula as above or as before i.e, at year2006

But for calculating profit% we have to create a new formula as perillustration.

Profit = (2006!C3*0.1+2006!C3)

This selected text is referencing that is done by following steps:

Double click on the cell where we want to give reference

Type = and then,

Click on the cell from which we are doing referencing

Then click on Enter.


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And then again create a new worksheet and after that format it as usually in

year2006,2007.


duct

Opening

StockPurchases Profit% Gross sale% Cost of goods Sold Sales Closing Stock

After creating the stock statement of all the three years we will

create the final Report as per product-wise and year-wise also so

for that we again select new worksheet and format it with

following heads as below:

Year

Product

Opening stock

Purchases


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Closing stock

Sales

Profit

And after making format we will gave referencing from the

previous worksheets or previous year stock statement i.e, of

2006, 2007& 2008.

Referencing can be done in same manner as explained before

and the required values automatically as we already done the

referencing of those values.

In this way and with other ideas we can create any type offinancial functions and formulas in MS-EXCEL.


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Introduction into Microsoft PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful tool to createprofessional looking presentations and slide shows.

PowerPoint allows you to construct presentations.

Power Point is a component of Microsoft Office that is

used to create presentations.These presentations can be

effectively utilized to inspire,educate and inform the

viewers.

Using power point, we can create attractive slides. Slides,in a presentation, can contain text, graphics, charts and

even sound and video.Power point makes the creation of

any presentation simple by offering a wide variety of

presentation templates and galleries of images and sounds.

This tutorial will help us to get started with Microsoft

PowerPoint and may solve some of our problems, but it is avery good idea to work with Microsoft PowerPoint.


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STARTING POWERPOINT

To start PowerPoint

Click on the START button

Select PROGRAMS

Choose MICROSOFT PROGRAMS

o Or double click on the Microsoft PowerPoint icon

on the desktop.

POWERPOINT


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The PowerPoint Window

All the elements in the PowerPoint window are set in such a

manner that it is convenient for the user to work on it with

ease.Window is as below:

Tool bar options forFormatting, Editing of

Slides.

Office ButtonMenu Bar

Shortcutviewing

of Slides


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Choose NEW from FILE menu.A dialogue box will appear as

shown below:

Click on Blank Presentation.A window will open as below

Select any slide layout as required.


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Slide sorter view

Displays miniature versions of all slides in a presentation,

complete with text and graphics.

Outline view

Switches to outline view, where we can work with the structure of

our file in outline form. Work in outline view when we need to

organize the structure of our file.


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Slide view

Switches to slide view, where we can work on one slide at atime


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Slide show view

Runs our slide show in a full screen, beginning with the current

slide if we are in slide view or the selected slide if we are in

slide sorter view. If we simply want to view our show from thefirst slide:

1.Click Slide Showat the top of the screen

2. Select View Show

Slide Manipulation

Inserting A New Slide

1.Click Homeat top of screen

2.Select New Slide

Formatting A Slide Background

We can format our slide to make it look however we

would like, whether it be a background color, picture, or a

design template built into Microsoft PowerPoint. The next

step will show you how to apply a Design Template, but

the other items mentioned above can be accomplished the

same way.

1.Click Designat the top of screen

2.Select given Design Template


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3. Select Design you wish to apply

4. Click ok or Enter.

Inserting Clipart & Pictures

Following steps are to be taken :

1.Display the slide we want to add a picture to.

2.

Click Insertat the top of the screen

3.Select Picture

4.

Select Clip Art5.Click the category you want

6.Click the picture you want


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7.Click Insert Clip on the shortcut menu

8.When we are finished using the Clip Gallery, click the

Close button on the Clip Gallery title bar

Steps 1-4 are very similar when inser ting other Pictures,

Objects, Movies, Sounds, and Charts


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We can create Table by selecting table from Home option at Menubar. Fill records as our needs as done below:

Hyperlink:

We can also create HYPERLINK in Powerpoint slides

presentations.

As here I create Hyperlink here on a student name i.e, whileselecting the name of a student it shows a link to another slide

As here I create link of Sanjana Saxena.

Following steps to be taken:

Select the word for which link to be create

Click on Hyperlink


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Following window we see on the screen

We will select the text from where we want to link

Click ok.

NOTE:

We can see this Hyperlink only while we areshowing these slides at slide show.


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While clicking on the linked word we will see the linked slide

As below:


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Slide Show:

We can view our slide show by any of the following ways:

1.Click the Slide Show menu, click Custom slide Show.

2.On the View menu, click Slide Show.

3. Press F5 on the keyboard

Navigating While In our Slide Show

Forward Navigation

o Simply click on the left Mouse Button or hit the Enter

Button on our keyboard

Reverse Navigation

o Hit the Backspace on the keyboard

Exiting the show

o Hit the Esc Button on the keyboard.


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REMAINING SLIDES WILL SHOWN AS

BELOW :


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INTRODUCTION

There are many accounting packages are available in the market,Tally remains the undisputed king of all financial accounting

packages available in India. Tally is capable of handling any kind

of transaction we would need, whatever our business. In order to

use tally, we neither need to learn new accounting methods nor

should change our existing style of handling accounts. The

information can be fed as well retrieved at random and all human

errors can be corrected.

A transaction in accounting terminology means transfer of

money or moneys worth from one party to another, for example

sale of goods, purchase of furniture etc. are examples of

transactions. Fundamentally there are two systems of

transactions: Pre transaction and post transaction. Let us explore

it in detail, assume that we have to make payment to a party, in

pre transaction, this is done by first creating a voucher, which is

signed by payee and then the transaction is completed by actuallymaking the pay creation of internal entries in case of completed

transactions. The post transaction system follows the traditional

practice of entering a voucher or cash bill into a cash book after

the payment has been made. Tally is a post transaction system. It

follows the traditional methods of accounting, that is, the

payment is first made on the basis of existing accounting

methods (i.e., against a voucher or a cash bill) and that

information is fed into the Tally. The simple fact that yourexisting system of accounting remains untouched by Tally is a

big reason behind the success of this package.


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Gateway Of Tally

It is the area in which we actually work. We can activate this

area either by clicking any where in this area or by pressing + key combination.

Although Tally supports mouse commands, we can execute all

commands in plain English from the keyboard by typing them in

this area. We can activate this area either by clicking anywhere in

this area or by pressing + key combination

Gateway of tally screen contains 7 major areas.

Product info

Horizontal button bar

Current work

Tally menu

Vertical button bar

Tally calculator/command line

Current screen bar.

The very first in recording transaction in Tally is the Creation of

Company


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How to Create A Company ?

In tally the term company represents any entity for which an

independent set of accounts is maintained. It may be a company,

partnership firm, HUF, individual, NGO, or even a branch officefor which a set of accounts is maintained.

Setting up a new company:

To create a company profile in tally, click create company at

company info menu to get company creation screen.

Once we have created a company then we are ready formaintaining account for the company.


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Info. Select Ledger - Select Create and type the Account which

we want to create and select the group under which we want the

Ledger.

For example if Capital Account Is to be Created Type CapitalAccount Select group Capital And Accept Yes.

We can also Alter the ledger by using Account Info.LedgersAlter.

This is how all accounts are Created. In Tally two accounts are

always available Cash & Profit/Loss A/c.

Vouchers


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Voucher Entry in tally is the most visited area by the user and is

key to all business information. A voucher (also called a journal)

is a document containing the details of transaction. For every

transaction we do, we enter a voucher in Tally. The voucher

entry option at the Gateway of Tally enables us to make our day-to-day entries .

The right side (of the user) on the screen displays a list of vouchers

that maybe utilized for entries.

Common Information in Voucher creation Screen


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Type of Voucher: All screens at the top left of voucher boxdisplay the Type of Voucher we are entering like, Purchase,

Payment etc. We can change this type by pressing the relevant

key. In all there are 16vouchers which can be used for recording

transactions & some are optional.

Date of Voucher: The top right of the voucher box displaysthe date of voucher and the day of the week; this date indicates

the current date on which we are entering the voucher. The same

date appears as the current date at the Gateway of Tally. We can

change date by pressing Key.

Particular: In accounting vouchers this column contains theinformation about the ledgers we debit or credit. When To or Cr

is displayed, specify the ledger to credit. When By or Dr is

displayed, specify the ledger to debit.

Debit/Credit: This column takes value of transactionstherefore, specify the amount of the transaction here. If we debita ledger, the amount goes into the debit column and if we credit a

ledger, the amount goes into the credit column. At the bottom ofthese columns, the totals of the debit and credit amount appears.

Note: The voucher entry is completed only when the total inthe two columns matches.


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Narration: Under each debit or credit entry, there is aprovision for narration. In this column, we can mention the

details of the entry. At the end of the voucher, there is a commonnarration for the whole voucher. The option for writing narration,

for each entry will be present only if we had set the option Use

narration for each entryin the accounting vouchers section of

the voucher configuration menu Yes.

Contra Voucher (Short Cut key F4)


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This voucher is used for fund transfers between cash and bank

accounts only. Using this voucher we can account for cash

deposits into banks, cash withdrawals from bank and fund

transfers between two bank accounts or cash accounts.

Payment Voucher (Shortcut Key F5)


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This voucher is used for all payments we make through cash or

bank. These payments can be forwards expenses, purchases, to

trade creditors etc.For example payment of salary in above

Example.


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Purchase Voucher (Short Cut Key F9)

This voucher is similar to the sale voucher with the exception

that we credit the seller and debit the purchase account.


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Journal Voucher(Short cut key F7)A Journal voucher is an adjustment voucher. Thus all

amounts to be adjusted between two accounts are passed as

a journal. By the term adjustment, we mean that no physical

movement of funds takes place.Treatment of depreciation

will be done through this voucher because no movement offunds is there.

Display Option

The purpose of putting in all our data is to present them in the

traditional form of accounting. Tally has been designed to make

this task easy. In order to get any report all we have to do is to

enter vouchers. Tally gives us maximum benefit of the data that

has been entered through vouchers. It takes care of all reporting

based on these transactions and automatically presents them in

comprehensible format.

All these reports are up to date as tally displays these reports as

the last voucher entered.

We can view reports like the Trial Balance, Profit and Loss

Account, Balance Sheet, Stock statement, Ledger & Summaries,

Sales, Purchase and other registers, Cash and Fund Flow

Statements, Cost Centre Analysis and what not.

All these reports require no additional effort on our part. Once

we have entered the vouchers, based on the information in thesevouchers, Tally automatically generates all these reports.

Following are some of the reports generated by Tally:

Just press enter on the Display option on the Gateway of Tally.

Following menu will displayed.


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Each area is grouped separately into books and statements. For

example, Account Books and Statements of Accounts, Inventory

books and Statements of Inventory.

The Day Book contains all the vouchers that have been enteredtill date (both inventory and accounting). However we are

permitted to restrict the amount of information we wish to see by

using the change period option.

Some of the option in the Display menu bring up other menus.

For example, the option Account Books brings up the Account

Booksin following menu.
http://www.dewsoftoverseas.com/Education/Tally/Chapter4/image/2.jpghttp://www.dewsoftoverseas.com/Education/Tally/Chapter4/image/1.jpg


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Viewing Balance Sheet

A Balance sheet is a statement of the financial position of a company in

terms of the capital, assets and liabilities of a business entry. At the

Gateway of Tallyselect Balance Sheet option. It displays the closing

balances of the primary groups Liabilities and Assets.


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The liabilities include the Capital Account, Current Liabilities, Loan

Liabilities, Net Profit (if any) and any other primary group that we

created as liability.

Assets include the Fixed Assets, Current Assets, Investments, Loans and

Advances, Miscellaneous Expenses and Net Loss (if any).

To see detailed Report Press +

We can alter the balance sheet periodically, Column wise etc.


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Viewing Profit And Loss Account

The next option at the Gateway of TallyMenu after balance sheet is

Profit and Loss Account. In order to view the Profit and Loss Account of

a Company make sure that the Gateway of Tallymenu is active. Pressthe

key. This will bring up the profit and loss Account of the

financial Year on the screen.

For detailed information press +.


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The stock summary:Stock summary can be viewed under reports in the gateway

of tally. It is as shown below:


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We can also get Day Book,Cash/Bank Summary Sales

register as shown below(not belongs to this illustration)

The day book:The daybook as on a particular day can be seen by selecting it from

the display option in the gateway of tally. Day book for 1/04/2008

is as shown below:


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The Cash/bank summary:


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The sales register:


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What is Visual BasicVisual Basic is a tool that allows you to develop Windows

(Graphic User Interface - GUI) applications. The applications have

a familiar appearance to the user. Visual Basic is event-driven,

meaning code remains idle until called upon to respond to some

event (button pressing, menu selection,). Visual Basic is governed

by an event processor. Nothing happens until an event is detected.

Once an event is detected, the code corresponding to that event

(event procedure) is executed. Program control is then returned to

the event processor.

Some Features of Visual Basic

Full set of objects - you 'draw' the application

Lots of icons and pictures for your use Response to mouse and keyboard actions

Clipboard and printer access

Full array of mathematical, string handling, and graphics

functions

Can handle fixed and dynamic variable and control arrays

Sequential and random access file support

Useful debugger and error-handling facilities

Powerful database access tools

ActiveX support

Package & Deployment Wizard makes distributing your

applications simple


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Visual Basic operates in three modes

Design mode - used to build application

Run mode - used to run the application

Break mode - application halted and debugger is available

Invoking Visual Basic 6.0

Step 1- Click on the start button.

Step 2- Select the option programs

Step 3- Select the option Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0 from the

options displayed.

Step 4- click on the option Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 from those

displayed as shown below-


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The opening screen of Visual Basic is displayed below-

This dialogue is seen every time visual basic is invoked. It can be

used to start a new application or open an existing application.

The Standard EXE option is selected by default.

Step 5- Click on the Open button. This opens a new project.


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Different parts in the Visual Basic environment

The following figure depicts different parts in the Visual Basic

environment:

TitleMenu bar

Tool bar

Project

Window

Properties

window

Initial form

window

Tool box


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CHARACTERISTICS OF VB

Visual Basic Essentials is intended to be of use to both novices

looking to learn Visual Basic, and to those proficient in other

languages who plan to cross-train. The Visual Basic language,

combined with the Visual Studio, provides a uniquely powerful,

yet easy to learn development environment allowing even the

absolute beginner to rapidly create and deploy Windows

applications.

Visual Basic Forms and Controls

The form object is essentially a container for holding the controls

that allow the user to interact with an application. Controls are

individual objects such as Buttons and TextBoxes. In Visual Basic

and Forms we looked at the many options for configuring a

Windows Form.

When a new Windows Applicationproject is created in Visual

Studio the first object you will see is a form. Typically it willappear in the design area as follows:


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Controls are added to the form using the Toolbox. The Toolbox is

usually accessed by clicking on the Toolboxtab to the left of the

Visual Studio main window. The Toolbox can be opened by

clicking on view at the title bar. It can also be detached andallowed to float anywhere on the desktop by clicking and dragging

on the title bar after applying the push pin. When detached, the

Toolbox appears as follows:


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Visual Studio provide three methods for added new controls to aform. In this chapter we will cover each of these different

approaches.

Double Clicking the Control in the Toolbox

The Toolbox contains all of the controls available to be added to a

form. One way to add a control to form is to simply double click

on the control in the Toolbox. The control is then automatically

added to the current form. The advantage of this approach is that it

is very quick to add multiple controls to a form. The downside is

that Visual Studio does not know where you want the controlpositioned in the form and consequently positions the controls near

to the top left hand corner of the form. Once the control is added to

the form you will need to click drag it to the desired location.

Dragging a Dropping Controls onto the Form

Another approach to adding controls to a form is to click on the

control in the Toolbox and drag it onto the form. When the controlis in the required location release the mouse button to drop the

control into place. The position of the control can subsequently be

refined using the mouse or arrow keys to move the location of the

control.

Drawing a Control on the Form

The most precise mechanism for adding a control to a form is to

draw it. This is achieved by first selecting the desired control in the

Toolbox. Once the control is highlighted, move the mouse pointer

to the location on the form where you would like the top left hand

corner of the new control to appear. Click and hold down the left


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Creating Program we need following Functions :

If-Then-Else

The basic structure is as follows:

Ifcondition1 Then

statements

Else Ifcondition2 Then

statements

Else

statements

End If

The Else If portion is optional, as is the Else part.

The Case structure goes as follows:

Dim x As Integer

Select Case x

Case 0

statement

Case 1

statement

Case Else

statement


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Creating A Program

Here I am creating Program For Graduation Students in this

Program I will show the Grandtotal of both the three years marks,Average, Percentage, Division of the student whose name written

in Textbox.and then Grandtotal , Average, Percentage, Division of

the marks.these marks are out of 300 and total marks max.is 900.

So for that we have to create the following form as shown below:

These all aretextboxes.textboxno.

1,2,3,4.

These are

labels.

Label

no.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.

These are command buttons.Command

button no.1,2,3,4.


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We have to know create formula for command buttons so as when

we click on it they perform the task as per there name so we have

to create as below:

For GRANDTOTAL(Command1)

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Label7.Caption = Text1.Text

Label8.Caption = Val(Text2.Text) + Val(Text3.Text) +

Val(Text4.Text)

End Sub

For AVERAGE(Command2)



Label8.Caption = (Val(Text2.Text) + Val(Text3.Text) +

Val(Text4.Text)) / 9

End Sub

For PERCENTAGE(Command3)



Label8.Caption = (Val(Text2.Text) + Val(Text3.Text) +

Val(Text4.Text)) / 9


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End Sub

For DIVISION(Command4)



Dim p As Integer

Dim s As String

p = (Val(Text2.Text) + Val(Text3.Text) + Val(Text4.Text)) / 9

If p < 40 Then

s = "FAIL"

Else

If p < 60 Then

s = "SECOND DIVISION"

Else

If p


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End If

End If

Label8.Caption = s

End Sub


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RUN

For running a program we have to click on Run option on

the very top of the screen,then we have to give data to theparticular fields then it will show the following window

with results:


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STARTING EXCEL

To invoke Excel choose any of the following three methods:

1. Click onStart buttonPrograms menuselect MS Excel.

2. Click onStart buttonPrograms menuMS OfficeMS Excel.

3.

Click on MS Excel icon if it is on desktop as icon.


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Documents

new priyaNKA projrct final (Repaired).docx