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Sovereignty, Authority and Power
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Political Institutions
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Citizens, Society and the State
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Political and Economic Change
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Public Policy
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20
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5 10Sovereignty, Authority and
Power
Political Institutions
Citizens, Society and the State
Political and Economic Change
Public Policy
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
15
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15
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Team OneTeam One
Team TwoTeam Two
Team ThreeTeam Three
Team FourTeam Four
Team FiveTeam Five
Team SixTeam Six
(a)President of China (b) Prime Minister of
China
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(a)Hu Jintao
(b) Wen Jibao
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This organization unites the fifteen former republics of the Soviet Union.
Russia is the clear leader of the group, and it has little formal power over its members. The members are to some
extend bound together by trade agreements, but the unity of the
Confederation is also threatened by nationality differences.
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Confederation of Independent States
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areas near China's borders that are home to various ethnic minorities. The
five regions are Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet and Xinjiang.
The Chinese constitution grants autonomous areas the right of self-
government in some matters such as cultural affairs, but autonomy is in fact
very limited.
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autonomous regions
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late 20th century, a practical mix of authoritarian political control and economic privatization; a
combination of socialist planning and the capitalist free market, with the understanding that political and social values
remained subject to Party control
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Deng Xiaoping theory
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While China, like Russia, recruits through the nomenklatura, the
actual party leadership communicates through this patron-client network, which emphasizes the importance of personal career
ties between individuals
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guanxi
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The political party led by Russian president Vladimir
Putin; gained 64% of the vote or 315 out of 450 seats in 2007 election. No real ideological
position other than "pro-Putin"
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United Russia Party
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rural factories and businesses of greatly varying size that are run by local
government and private entrepreneurs. They make their own decisions and are responsible for their profits and losses. The growth of this system has slowed the migration of peasants to the cities
and has become the backbone of economic strength in the countryside.
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Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs)
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a Revolutionary Alliance formed in 1905 by a group of radical
Chinese studying in Japan. They elected Chiang Kai-shek as their
leader.
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The Nationalist Party/ Kuomintang
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behind-the-scenes leadership exercised by the CCP's elderly leaders during Deng
Xiaoping's years in power. Deng was able to urge his colleagues into formal retirement
with him in the 1980s, but they continued to run the country through this body which was set up in 1982. It theoretically existed only to
advise the politburo, but in reality its members remained the most powerful people in the
country and made all the important decisions. It was abolished at the Fourteenth Party
Congress in 1992.
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Central Advisory Committee
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The upper legislative house of the Russian Federation, consisting of 2
members from each of the 89 federal administrative units. One member is selected by the each
regional governor and the second by the regional legislature.
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The Federation Council
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Business and political leaders with what some consider undue
influence in Russia
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oligarchs
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Chinese spiritual movement suppressed by the Chinese
government since the late 1990s
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Falun Gong
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a form of privatization in which industries or services formerly owned by the government are
made available for purchase only by government-controlled companies
or by individuals loyal to government leaders; see also state
corporatism
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insider privatization
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Chinese Communist principle that stressed "learning from the peasants;" leaders would
communicate their will and direction to the people, but the
people in turn would communicate their wisdom through the mass line
to the leaders.
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the mass line
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term used to describe the permanent, professional (but low level) members of a party, especially in the communist
world
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cadre
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The systematic removal of people from party, state or other office;
especially common in communist systems. In Stalin regime, millions
of citizens, including up to one million party members, generals, and members of the politburo and Central Committee were executed.
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purges
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an immediate transition from a command economy to a market
economy; a post-1991 plan supported by Yeltsin and his government which called for privatization of state-owned
industry and macroeconomic policies designed to control
inflation
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shock therapy
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designed to facilitate and control entry by foreign
governments/capital into the Chinese market, regions were
created in which foreign investors were given preferential tax rates and other incentives. Eventually spread to most of urban China.
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special economic zones
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Failed Chinese campaign of the late 1950s to speed up
development and move to socialism and communism
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Great Leap Forward
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a policy first introduced by Zhou Enlai and championed by Deng
Xiaoping, focusing on developing industry, the military, agriculture, and
science in China
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four modernizations
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One state's predominance over other states; the political,
economic, ideological or cultural power exerted by a dominant group over other groups, regardless or the
explicit consent of the dominated groups.
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hegemony
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given by Khrushchev in 1957; seen as the beginning of the "thaw" and de-Stalinization.
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secret speech
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debate in China pitting ideologues against experts,
cadres against technocrats or other supporters of economic
development
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red vs. expert
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Part of the post-Maoist reform program. During the 1980s, Maoist-era communes were
dismantled and replaced by the household responsibility system. The party divided
collective farms into small plots which were worked by families. The amount the farmers
were required to sell to the state was reduced, and the market was allowed to determine most
agricultural prices.
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household responsibility system
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From 1949 to 1978, China followed a communist political/economic model which included a command economy and "cradle to grave" health care, employment, and retirement security. This model was replaced by Deng Xiaoping, who introduced the socialist market economy - gradual infusion of capitalism while maintaining state control.
iron rice bowl
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“Big Points”
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