Normal Anatomic Normal Anatomic Landmarks of The Landmarks of The

MandibleMandible

by Dorota Grelaby Dorota Grela

1. 1. Genial tubercles-Genial tubercles-radiopaque, tiny bumps of bone that serve as radiopaque, tiny bumps of bone that serve as

attachment for genioglossus and geniohyoid attachment for genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles. muscles.

2. 2. Lingual foramen-Lingual foramen- radiolucent, hole or opening located on the radiolucent, hole or opening located on the internal surface of mandible and surrounded internal surface of mandible and surrounded by the genial tubercles. The dot appears by the genial tubercles. The dot appears inferior to the apices of the mandibular inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors. incisors.

1. Mandibular canal-1. Mandibular canal-((black arrows), tube like passage extending from black arrows), tube like passage extending from

mandibular foramen to the mental foramen mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and contains Inferior Alveolar nerv and blood and contains Inferior Alveolar nerv and blood vessels. This radiolucent band is outlined by vessels. This radiolucent band is outlined by two radiopaque lines of cortical plate. two radiopaque lines of cortical plate.

2. Mental foramen- 2. Mental foramen- ( white circle), small ovoid radiolucent area ( white circle), small ovoid radiolucent area located below the apices of the premolars. located below the apices of the premolars. Mental foramen is located on the external Mental foramen is located on the external surface of the mandible as an opening in the surface of the mandible as an opening in the region of the mandibular premolars. Mental region of the mandibular premolars. Mental nerves and blood vessels exit through it. nerves and blood vessels exit through it.

1.1. External oblique ridge – (red arrows) External oblique ridge – (red arrows) radiopaque band extending downwards and forwards from anterior radiopaque band extending downwards and forwards from anterior border of mandible and ends around third or second molar region. border of mandible and ends around third or second molar region.

2. Internal oblique ridge (Mylohyoid ridge)- 2. Internal oblique ridge (Mylohyoid ridge)- ( blue arrows), ( blue arrows), radiopaque band extending downward from radiopaque band extending downward from molars and toward the lower border of mandibular symphysis.molars and toward the lower border of mandibular symphysis.

Submandibular gland fossa ( Submaxillary Submandibular gland fossa ( Submaxillary gland fossa)- nb. gland fossa)- nb. 13. 13. radiolucent,radiolucent, depressed area located on the depressed area located on the internal surface of mandible,in area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge. internal surface of mandible,in area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge. Submandibular salivary gland lies in this fossa. Submandibular salivary gland lies in this fossa.

Thank you.Thank you.