Not So Old Stuff: 1750 to 1914

Not So Old Stuff: 1750 to 1914

Song: crushcrushcrush-Paramore

Industrial Revolution

Began in Britain, eventually spread through Europe to Japan and the U.S.

Agriculture surplus leads to more time for technology

Domestic system Urbanization Factories

Industrial Revolution Inventions:

Flying Shuttle (weaving/ John Kay) Spinning Jenny (thread/ John Hargreaves/ at right) Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) Steam Engine (Thomas Newcomer/James Watt) Steamship (Robert Fulton) Locomotive (George Stephenson) Telegraph (Samuel Morse) Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) Radio (Marconi Guglielmo) Light bulb (Thomas Edison) Internal Combustion Engine (Gottlieb Daimler) Airplane (Orville and Wilber Wright) Natural Selection (Charles Darwin)


Interchangeable parts and the assembly line are 1st used

Women and children worked New social order:

Aristocrats (rich bases on industrial success)

Middle Class (skilled professionals) Working Class (largest class)


Adam Smith developed private ownership

Capitalism (aka Free-market System) Laissez-faire capitalism = gvt

removes themselves from regulation Karl Marx wrote the Communist

Manifesto (founded Socialism and Communism)


Reforms improved working conditions

Factory Act of 1883: British Parliament Made factories safer

Labor unions Social Mobility Colonization began to get materials

to use in Factories


Europeans believed they were superior Rudyard Kipling wrote “White Man’s

Burden”

European Imperialism in India

England beat France for territory in North America, Europe, and India

British East India Company: Led by Robert Clive Held British rights

over Indian trade


Sepoy Rebellion: Sepoys = Indians who worked for Brits Brits disregarded Hindu and Muslim

customs Rebellion lasts two years, but fails British Parliament steps in India becomes a colony Bahadur Shah the 2nd is exiled


Indian NationalCongresswas formedto begin pathtowards independence

European Imperialism in China

OPIUM TRADE Opium War

B/t British and Chinese over opium trade Treaty of Nanjing gave British rights to trade

Rebellions: White Louts Rebellion (Buddhists) Taiping Rebellion (nationalists vs. Manchu)

Self-Strengthening mvt tried to fix gvt, didn’t work


Sino-French War: French gained

Vietnam Sino-Japanese War:

Treaty of Shimonoseki

Taiwan was given to Japan

European powers began spheres of influence in Asia


Boxer Rebellion: Anti-Christian, anti-Manchu, anti-

European Society of Righteous and Harmonious

fists Wanted to force Europeans and Chinese

out of China Didn’t work

Sun Yat-Sen took over gvt Republic was established

Japanese Imperialism

Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Japan, Japanese couldn’t compete with their technology(at right)

Treaty of Kanagawa Gave U.S.

concessions to Japan


Meiji Restoration: Modernized Japan Reduced foreign influence

Russo-Japanese War Japanese kicked Russia out

of Manchuria


European Imperialism in Africa

Slave Trade ends South Africa

Gold and Diamonds Boer War

British vs. Boer Settlers African National Congress

Organized to oppose European colonization


Egypt: Muhammed Ali beat the French

and Ottomans to gain control of Egypt

Suez Canal Egypt couldn’t pay for it British loaned them the $$$,

controlled Canal


SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA Berlin Conference

was held to decided how land claims could be made

American Revolution

French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War) French and

Native Americans fought British for territory in North America

British Won

American Revolution

George Grenville and Charles Townshend passed unpopular acts on behalf of the King Revenue Act Stamp Act Tea Act Raised $$ for King

Boston Tea Party(at right)

British fought Americans

American Revolution

Thomas Paine wrote “Common Sense” to urge colonists to support the cause

French helped Americans finally beat the British

French Revolution

Estates General Three Estates

Clergy- (First) Noble families-(Second) Everyone else- (Third)- Tired of paying all the

taxes Third estate became National Assembly

Adopted The Declaration of the Rights of Man New Constitution

French Revolution

Constitution was thrown out and replaced with the Committee of Public Safety Enforcer of revolution Led by Maximilien Robespierre and

the Jacobins Replaced with new constitution

The Directory

French Revolution

Napoleon Bonaparte: overthrew the

Directory Napoleonic Codes:

Recognized the equality of French Citizens

Gained Power for France

Tried to conquer Europe

French Revolution

Russia decimated Napoleon’s army Waterloo/Congress of Vienna:

Prince von Metternich of Austria Alexander the 1st of Russia Duke of Wellington of Britain Defeated Napoleon and decided what

to do with his territory Established balance of power

Latin American Independence Movements

Haiti: French Pierre Toussaint L’Ouverture led

successful slave revolt Yellow fever stopped French army Jacques Dessalines proclaimed Haiti a

free republic


South America Joseph Bonaparte (Napoleon’s

brother) took over Spanish throne In Venezuela, Simon Bolivar replaced

Bonaparte’s elected governor National Congress established In Argentina, Jose de San Martin took

revolutionary forces through South America and joined with Bolivar


Brazil John the 6th fled Portugal after Napoleon

took over and set up his royal court in Brazil Pedro, his son, ran Brazil after John left Pedro declared independence from Portugal Pedro the 2nd was defeated by the land-

owning class and a republic was established


Mexico Miguel Hidalgo led revolt against Spain Revolt was put down Jose Morelos revolted, beat Spain, but

the land-owning class turned against him

Treaty of Cordoba Mexico was independent from Spain

Unification of Italy

Small kingdoms Victor Emmanuel the 2nd:

Ruled Sardinia, the only Italian kingdom on the peninsula now known as Italy

Named Count Camilla Cavour his prime minister

Along with Giuseppe Garibaldi, the three men unified Italy through a series of wars

Unification of Italy

Borders were shaky Rome wasn’t apart of

Italy until 1870, when the rest of Italy was unified in the early 1860s

Unification of Germany

Prussia and Austria dominated the region

William the 1st

King of Prussia Appointed Otto von Bismarck prime

minister Wanted to unify the area

Bismarck defeated Austria

Unification of Germany

Franco-Prussian war Alliance b/t France and Prussia Allowed Bismarck to gain regions of

Germany William the 2nd became the new

emperor of Germany

Other Political Developments: Russia

Czars had absolute power Alexander the 2nd:

Emancipation Edict Abolished serfdom

The People’s Will Assassinated Alexander

Russification Alexander suppressed anything that

could be perceived as Anti-Russian

Other Political Developments: Russia

Nicholas the 2nd

Russians were defeated by Japan Bloody Sunday

March on Czar palace Police open fired on protesters

Duma Body supposed to represent the people

Peter Stolypin Prime minister

Other Political Developments: Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire on the verge of collapse

Lost many wars with Russia Many independence movements:

Egypt Greece Arabia

Other Political Developments: U.S. Foreign Policy

U.S. declared the Western Hemisphere was closed to European Aggression (Monroe Doctrine)

Roosevelt Corollary The U.S. would intervene in financial

problems b/t Europe and the Americas Panama Canal

Other Political Developments: U.S. Foreign Policy

Spanish-American War: Cubans revolted against Spanish

control U.S. sympathized with Cubans U.S. beat Spain Gained Cuba

THE ENDI used ‘Crushcrushcrush’ as my song because in this time period many countries were crushing their governments to gain independence. Also, imperialism was causing world powers to crush smaller countries and take over their land.

Documents

Not So Old Stuff: 1750 to 1914