NUS Systematic Review Assignment

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    1/37

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    2/37

    lk|gj{hdo jok qydfd{hdo hw ollklk/ Fdoh{dyhom d` {el qj{hlo{w hbbolwwlw qydmylwwhdo jok

    ylho`dyghom hfqdy{jogl d` `dbbd} |q jyl jbwd hfqdy{jo{ lblflo{w d` gjyl ho {elwl 9 blplbw/

    Bll" @yhlkfjo" G|ndy jok Jelyo %9117( gdfflo{lk {ej{ {lblgdff|ohgj{hdow {lgeodbdmx gjo

    loejogl z|jbh{x d` eljb{e gjyl wlyphglw/ Ilwhklw" ilhom ljwhbx jgglwwhibl yd|ok {el gbdgn jok h{ hw

    jibl {d qydphkl" qj{hlo{&wqlgh`hg ho`dyfj{hdo" wlb`&elbq {ylj{flo{" ylho`dyglflo{ jok w|qqdy{ do

    ylz|lw{/ Ho {el qylwlo{ wh{|j{hdo ho Oj{hdojb Eljb{egjyl Myd|q qdbxgbhohgw" {el o|ywlw jyl jbyljkx

    qyd&jg{hplbx gjbbhom {el qj{hlo{w {d qydphkl eljb{e ho`dyfj{hdo> wlb`&elbq {ylj{flo{" khwljwl

    fdoh{dyhom" jok lplo gbhohg `dbbd} |q ylfhokly gjbbw/ [el fjho khwjkpjo{jml hw {el bjyml o|fily

    d` qj{hlo{w {elx jyl gjyhom `dy }ehge {e|w ylz|hylw j gly{jho o|fily d` fjoqd}ly {d qyd&jg{hplbx

    gjbbhom {el qj{hlo{w/ Wlgdok" {elyl hw {el khwjkpjo{jml d` od{ ilhom jgglwwhibl 9; ed|yw j kjx/

    HPYW dy j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol wlyphglw fhme{ il {el wdb|{hdo `dy il{{ly fjojmlflo{ d` qj{hlo{w

    }h{e jqqydqyhj{l |wl" k|l {d {el jpjhbjihbh{x d` {el wlyphglw" jok {el jihbh{x {d {jhbdy {d bjyml

    qdq|bj{hdo o|filyw }h{ed|{ {el gly{jho fjoqd}ly ylz|hylflo{/

    Ho {ehw qjqly" {el lphklogl d` `dy {el l``lg{hplolww d` {el HPYW dy j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol wlyphglw

    do hfqydphom qj{hlo{w flkhgjb gdokh{hdow ho {el d|{qj{hlo{ wl{{hom }hbb il lujfholk/ [el

    qj{hlo{w }h{e flkhgjb gdokh{hdow ho {ehw ylphl} jyl fjhobx qj{hlo{w }h{e [xql 9 khjil{lw"

    exqly{lowhdo jok exqlybhqhklfhj/ [el diclg{hpl d` {ehw jwwhmoflo{ hw {d lw{jibhwe {el |wl`|bolww

    d` jkc|og{ j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjyl jw jo jb{lyoj{hpl {d |w|jb `jgl {d `jgl qj{hlo{ gjyl dobx/

    L``lg{hplolww ho {ehw ylphl} }hbb il hokhgj{lk ix qexwhdbdmhgjb d|{gdflw d` gjyl" gejoml d`

    eljb{e ilejphdyw" qwxgedbdmhgjb d|{gdflw" wj{hw`jg{hdo }h{e gjyl" jok lgdodfhg fljw|ylw/ [el

    z|lw{hdow }hbb il3

    %:( Hw {elyl j kh``lylogl ho hfqydphom qexwhdbdmhgjb d|{gdfl hokhgj{dyw il{}llo jkc|og{

    j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjyl jok |w|jb gjyl ho qj{hlo{w }h{e geydohg khwljwlw" fjhobx [xql 9

    khjil{lw" exqly{lowhdo jok exqlybhqhklfhj ho d|{qj{hlo{ wl{{hom4

    %9( Hw {elyl j kh``lylogl ho wlb`&gjyl ilejphdyw il{}llo jkc|og{ j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjyl jok

    |w|jb gjyl qj{hlo{w }h{e {el 7 geydohg khwljwlw4

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    3/37

    %7( Hw {elyl jo hfqydplflo{ ho {el qwxgedbdmhgjb d|{gdflw ho {el myd|q |okly jkc|og{ j|{dfj{lk

    {lblqedol gjyl4

    %;( Hw {elyl j ehmely blplb d` wj{hw`jg{hdo }h{e gjyl ho {el myd|q |okly jkc|og{ j|{dfj{lk

    {lblqedol gjyl4

    %

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    4/37

    Eljb{e gbhohgjb m|hklbholw }liwh{lw jok M|hklbholw Gbljyhom Ed|wl }liwh{lw ejpl illo wljygelk

    i|{ {d od jpjhb/

    Jo hoh{hjb wljyge w{yj{lmx `yjfl}dyn %[jibl :( ejw illo klwhmolk {d `hok jox q|ibhgj{hdow jid|{

    j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol wlyphglw jok |wlk h{ {d wljyge {el jidpl kj{jijwlw/ [el wljyge `yjfl}dyn hw

    jqqydqyhj{l `dy id{e Q|iFlk jok Gdgeyjol kj{jijwl/ J kh``lylo{ wljyge w{yj{lmx ejw {d il

    lfqbdxlk }elo wljygehom Wghlogl Khylg{ kj{jijwl/ J `hojb wljyge w{yj{lmx {jibl }h{e {el o|fily

    d` wljyge ylw|b{w hw wed}o ho [jibl 9/ [el `|bb wljyge w|ffjyx {jibl }h{e o|fily d` ylw|b{w `ydf

    ljge wljyge jok {el `hojb o|fily d` jy{hgblw di{jholk hw `d|ok ho Jqqlokhu J:/

    [el `dbbd}hom hogb|whdo jok lugb|whdo gyh{lyhj jyl |wlk {d bhfh{ {el hoh{hjb wljyge `hokhomw {d

    qd{lo{hjb jy{hgblw `dy ylphl}/

    Hogb|whdo gyh{lyhj hogb|kl3

    %:( {lblflkhghol hopdbphom {lblqedol jw jo ho{lyplo{hdo ho %j( khwljwl fjojmlflo{ ho geydohg

    khwljwlw bhnl khjil{lw [xql 9" exqlybhqhklfhj jok exqly{lowhdo %i( {lblqedol eljb{e lk|gj{hdo

    mhplo ho {lyfw d` wfdnhom glwwj{hdo jok khl{jyx ejih{w/ [el yljwdo `dy hogb|khom {el hogb|whdo

    gyh{lyhj d` wfdnhom glwwj{hdo jok khl{jyx ejih{w hw {ej{ {elwl 9 jyl hfqdy{jo{ lblflo{w ho khwljwl

    fjojmlflo{ d` {el 7 geydohg khwljwlw/

    %9( [el w|iclg{ qdq|bj{hdow d` ho{lylw{ ho {el w{|khlw jyl `ydf flkhgjb glo{lyw dy d|{qj{hlo{

    gbhohgw/

    Lugb|whdo gyh{lyhj `dy {el w{|khlw hogb|kl3

    %:( qdq|bj{hdow d` ho{lylw{ ho w{|khlw }ehge jyl edwqh{jbhslk qj{hlo{w dy qj{hlo{w ylglo{bx

    khwgejymlk `ydf edwqh{jbw

    %9( w|ymlyx" yjkhj{hdo" ho`lg{hdo gdo{ydb" jkkhg{hdo" mxolgdbdmx" diw{l{yhg" qlkhj{yhg" jok oldoj{jb

    w{|khlw

    %7( ky|m jok ibddk losxfl {yhjbw

    %;( idkx }lbbolww qydmyjf w{|khlw

    %

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    5/37

    %0( geydohg eljy{ `jhb|yl qdq|bj{hdow jyl lugb|klk jw {el o|fily d` qj{hlo{ }h{e geydohg eljy{

    `jhb|yl ho qdbxgbhohgw |okly o|ywhom gjyl fjojmhom jyl od{ ho bjyml o|filyw gdfqjylk {d {el

    d{ely 7 geydohg khwljwlw

    /

    J {d{jb d` 5; qd{lo{hjb jy{hgblw }lyl `d|ok j`{ly hoh{hjb wl{{hom d` hogb|whdo jok lugb|whdo gyh{lyhj/

    Ed}lply" dobx

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    6/37

    yglw

    J`{ly

    wl{{hom

    bhfh{w

    Qd{lo{hjb

    Jy{hgblw

    %Wgyllohom

    {eyd|me

    jiw{yjg{w(

    Jy{hgblw

    Di{jholk

    Flk

    ': 6 {lblgdff|ohgj{hdow ^FLWEV DY

    {lblgdff|ohgj{hdow ^{lu{}dykV DY )j|{dfj{lk

    {lblqedol) ^jbb `hlbkwV DY {lblflkhghol ^FLWEV DY

    {lblflkhghol {lu{}dykV %9500

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    7/37

    Klwgyhq{hdo d` W{|khlw

    D|{ d` {el :1 jy{hgblw ylphl}lk" < jy{hgblw jyl wxw{lfj{hg ylphl}w" ; jyl yjokdfhslk gdo{ydbblk

    {yhjbw jok {el bjw{ : hw j odo&luqlyhflo{jb z|jo{h{j{hpl }h{e j z|jbh{j{hpl gdfqdolo{ w{|kx/ [el

    `|bb w|ffjyx d` jbb {el jy{hgblw gjo il `d|ok ho Jqqlokhu J7/

    Jbb d` {el wxw{lfj{hg ylphl}w {ej{ jyl gyh{hz|lk ejpl j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol jw dol d` {el fjho

    {lblflkhghol gj{lmdyhlw |okly lujfhoj{hdo/ ; d|{ d` < jy{hgblw bddnlk wqlgh`hgjbbx ho{d gdfqjyhom

    {el l``lg{hplolww d` {lblflkhghol lh{ely jw jo jb{lyoj{hpl fdkl d` gjyl dy jw jo lu{lowhdo d` gjyl

    plyw|w `jgl {d `jgl qj{hlo{ gjyl jbdol/ Jbb d` {elwl ; jy{hgblw lujfholk gdfqjyhwdo w{|khlw

    il{}llo 9 fdkjbh{hlw d` gjyl luglq{ Bhww" Mb|lgnj|` jok Lgnb|ok&Cdoeowdo %9119( ejk j

    gdfqdolo{ d` gdfqjyj{hpl w{|khlw gdfqjyhom 7 dy fdyl fdkjbh{hlw d` gjyl/ [el whfhbjy d|{gdfl

    hokhgj{dy |wlk ho {elwl ; w{|khlw {d klfdow{yj{l l``lg{hplolww }jw ylqdy{lk hfqydplk d|{gdflw d`

    gjyl `ydf hokhphk|jb w{|khlw/ Ed}lply" jbb ; w{|khlw gj{lmdyhslk {elhy `hokhomw kh``lylo{bx"

    G|yylbb" \ym|ejy{" ]jho}yhme{ jok Bl}hw %9111( |wlk d|{gdfl fljw|ylw jw gj{lmdyhlw" Elywe l{

    jb %911:( |wlk gbhohgjb wqlghjb{x" Ydhol" Dehofjj jok Ejhblx %911:( jok Bhww" Mb|lgnj|` jok

    Lgnb|ok&Cdeowdo %9119( id{e |wlk gj{lmdyhlw d` jqqbhgj{hdow/ W{hbb" {el gdogb|whdo `dy jbb {elwl ;

    wxw{lfj{hg ylphl}w ejk whfhbjy gdogb|whdow/ %:( Lphklogl d` {el l``lg{hplolww d` {lblflkhghol hw

    bhfh{lk/ %9( Bjymly wjfqbl whslw jok `|y{ely ylwljyge jyl olglwwjyx/ %7( Gdw{&l``lg{hplolww ho

    {elwl w{|khlw }jw od{ }lbb&jojbxslk/

    Ylplyl jok K|oijyw %911:( wxw{lfj{hg ylphl} bddnlk j{ {el l``lg{hplolww d` gdfq|{ly&

    mlolyj{lk d|{qj{hlo{ eljb{e ilejphdy ho{lyplo{hdow }ehge hogb|klk qyho{ gdff|ohgj{hdow bhnl

    jqqdho{flo{ bl{{lyw" ylfhokly wbhqw" `llkijgn ylqdy{w l{g/ }ehge hw od{ gdowhklylk |okly {el

    gj{lmdyx d` {lblflkhghol/ Ed}lply" {ehw wxw{lfj{hg ylphl} hw gyh{hz|lk jok yl{jholk `dy |wl ho

    {ehw jwwhmoflo{ k|l {d {el luqbdyj{hdo d` {el l``lg{hplolww ho ylmjykw {d {el eljb{e ilejphdy

    fdklb dy `lj{|yl ilehok {el ho{lyplo{hdow/ [el ylphl} ylqdy{lk {ej{ {jhbdylk ho{lyplo{hdow gjo

    fdyl qdwh{hplbx j``lg{ eljb{e ilejphdy gejoml {ejo {jyml{lk qlywdojbhslk dy mlolyhg

    ho{lyplo{hdow" {ed|me fdyl w{|khlw }lyl jbwd ollklk {d gdfqjyl {el kh``lylo{ qyd{dgdbw }h{e ljge

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    8/37

    d{ely/ [ehw ho`dyfj{hdo hw |wl`|b }elo }yh{hom j m|hklbhol {d hoh{hj{l dy hfqblflo{hom {el

    j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol wlyphgl/

    [el z|jbh{hlw d` {el < wxw{lfj{hg ylphl}w jyl jwwlwwlk |whom {el WHMO Fl{edkdbdmx Gelgnbhw{ `dy

    Wxw{lfj{hg Ylphl}w jok Fl{j&jojbxwlw %Jqqlokhu I:(/ J iyhl` w|ffjyx d` {el < wxw{lfj{hg

    ylphl}w diclg{hplw" gdogb|whdow jok ho{lyojb pjbhkh{x gjo il `d|ok ho [jibl 7/

    [el ; yjokdfhslk gdo{ydbblk {yhjbw %YG[w( jyl whfhbjy ho gdfqjyhom {el l``lg{hplolww d`

    j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjyl jw jo lu{lowhdo {d |w|jb gjyl }h{e {el |w|jb gjyl jbdol/ 7 d` {el w{|khlw

    qdq|bj{hdow d` ho{lylw{ jyl qldqbl }h{e khjil{lw dobx" jok {el d{ely dol hw lbklybx qldqbl }h{e

    exqly{lowhdo/ [el w{|khlw ix Qhl{{l l{ jb %9111( jok Qhl{{l" ]lhoilymly jok Fgqell %9111( }lyl

    {el wjfl w{|kx |whom {el wjfl ho{lyplo{hdow jok gdo{ydb jok jojbxshom {el wjfl wjfqbl whsl

    ylw|b{w i|{ id{e qjqlyw ejk ylqdy{lk kh``lylo{ d|{gdfl hokhgj{dyw/ Qhl{{l l{ jb %9111( luqbdylk {el

    l``lg{w d` j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjbbw ho hfqydphom wlb`&gjyl jok mbxglfhg gdo{ydb" }elyljw Qhl{{l"

    ]lhoilymly jok Fgqell %9111( lujfholk {el hfqjg{ d` {el j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjbbw ho qj{hlo{&

    glo{lylk d|{gdflw bhnl qwxgedbdmhgjb d|{gdflw" wlb`&l``hgjgx" wj{hw`jg{hdo }h{e gjyl jok z|jbh{x

    d` bh`l/ Qhl{{l" ]lhoilymly" Nyjlfly jok FgQell %911:( khk jod{ely w{|kx |whom {el wjfl

    ylwljyge fl{edkdbdmx" }h{e {el wjfl ho{lyplo{hdo jok gdo{ydb" do jod{ely myd|q d` qj{hlo{w `ydf

    j kh``lylo{ wh{l/ [elwl w{|khlw }lyl ijwlk do \oh{lk W{j{lw/ @yhlkfjo l{ jb %:880( khk {el w{|kx

    do j myd|q d` lbklybx qj{hlo{w }h{e exqly{lowhdo bddnhom ho {d flkhgj{hdo jkelylogl jok {elhy

    ibddk qylww|yl gdo{ydb ho Lombjok/ [el bdgj{hdo d` w{|khlw kdol hw jo hfqdy{jo{ gdowhklyj{hdo

    }elo jojbxshom {el kh``lylogl ho lgdodfhg ilol`h{w k|l {d {el kh``lyloglw ho eljb{e gjyl `hojogl

    w{y|g{|yl/

    [jibl ; wed}w {el iyhl` w|ffjyx d` {el ; YG[w jok {el whfhbjyh{hlw d` d|{gdfl hokhgj{dyw

    fljw|ylk {d klfdow{yj{lk l``lg{hplolww d` {el j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol wlyphglw jw jo lu{lowhdo d`

    gjyl/ [el z|jbh{hlw d` {el YG[w jyl jwwlwwlk |whom WHMO Fl{edkdbdmx gelgnbhw{ `dy Yjokdfhslk

    Gdo{ydbblk [yhjbw %Jqqlokhu I9(/

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    9/37

    J|{edy$ [h{bl$[xqlw d` W{|khlw Hogb|klk

    Diclg{hplw $

    D|{gdfl Hokhgj{dyw@hokhomw Wxo{elwhw Gdogb|whdow#

    ##Wlg{hdo

    :3

    Ho{lyojb

    Pjbhkh{x

    ###Wlg{hdo 93

    Dplyjbb Jwwlwwflo{

    G|yylbb" \yz|ejy{"

    ]jho}yhme{ jok Bl}hw

    %9111(

    [lblflkhghol plyw|w `jgl{d `jgl qj{hlo{ gjyl3 l``lg{

    do qyd`lwwhdojb qyjg{hgljok eljb{e gjyl d|{gdflw

    Jwwlww {el l``lg{hplolww d`

    {lblflkhghol jw jo jb{lyoj{hpl {d `jgl

    {d `jgl qj{hlo{ gjyl/

    Kh``lyloglw ho3%:( D|{gdflw d` gjyl%9( Lgdodfhg gdowlz|loglw d` gjyl%7( Jgglq{jihbh{x d` gjyl `ydf qj{hlo{

    jok qydphkly qdho{ d` phl}%;( Qyd`lwwhdojb qyjg{hgl k|yhomklbhplyx d` gjyl%

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    10/37

    J|{edy$ [h{bl$[xqlw d` W{|khlw Hogb|klk

    Diclg{hplw $

    D|{gdfl Hokhgj{dyw@hokhomw Wxo{elwhw Gdogb|whdow# ##Wlg{hdo

    :3

    Ho{lyojb

    Pjbhkh{x

    ###Wlg{hdo 93

    Dplyjbb Jwwlwwflo{

    Elywe" Elb`jok"

    ]jbbjgl" Nyjlfly"

    Qj{yhghj" Wejqhyd jok

    Myllobhgn %911:(

    Gbhohgjb d|{gdflwylw|b{hom `ydf

    {lblflkhgholho{lyplo{hdow3 jwxw{lfj{hg ylphl}/

    Lpjb|j{l {el l``lg{hplolww d`

    {lblflkhghol ho{lyplo{hdow `dy eljb{e

    d|{gdflw ho 9 gbjwwlw d` jqqbhgj{hdo3

    edfl&ijwlk jok d``hgl$edwqh{jb&

    ijwlk/

    D|{gdfl hokhgj{dyw3

    Ylqdy{lk gbhohgjb gjyl d|{gdflw `ydfhokhphk|jb w{|khlw

    Whfhbjyh{hlw jok

    kh``lyloglw ho {el

    w{|khlw }lyl gdfiholk

    ix {el gj{lmdyhlw d`

    gbhohgjb wqlghjb{x

    [el w{ydomlw{ lphklogl `dy

    l``hgjgx d` {lblflkhghol ho

    gbhohgjb d|{gdflw `ydf edfl&

    ijwlk {lblflkhghol ho jyljw d`

    exqly{lowhdo" geydohg khwljwl

    fjojmlflo{ jok JHKw/

    :/: JJ

    :/9 ]G

    :/7 ]G

    :/; QJ

    :/< ]G

    9/: .

    9/9 [el bjgn d` ho`dyfj{hdo do }

    ed} fjox o|fily d` ylphl}l

    gyh{hz|hom {el jy{hgblw jbbd} ydd

    ihjwolww {d}jykw j qjy{hg|bjy kh

    d` {el fl{j&jojbxwhw/

    Bhww" Mb|lgnj|` jok

    Lgnb|ok&Cdeowdo %9119(

    Ylwljyge do [lbleljb{ejok Geydohg FlkhgjbGdokh{hdow3 Gyh{hgjbYlphl}" Nlx Hww|lw" jok@|{|yl Khylg{hdow

    Lpjb|j{l {el hfqjg{ d`

    {lblgdff|ohgj{hdo&ijwlk

    ho{lyplo{hdow dy qlywdow }h{e

    geydohg khwjihbh{hlw

    9 fjho ho{lylw{w3 qlyglhplk |{hbh{x jok

    gdw{&l``lg{hplolww d` {lbl&eljb{e

    ho{lyplo{hdow

    ; Gj{lmdyhlw

    %j( ho{lyol{ w{|khlw %i(

    w{jokjyk {lblqedol jok

    j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol

    wxw{lf w{|khlw

    %g( phkldgdo`lyloghom

    hoplw{hmj{hdow

    %k( gdfqjyj{hpl w{|khlw

    |whom 7 dy fdyl

    fdkjbh{hlw wlypl jw j

    `yjfl}dyn `dy

    dymjohshom kj{j dy kj{j

    wxo{elwhw

    Dplyjbb ylw|b{w w|mmlw{lk {ej{ {el

    Ho{lyol{" {lblqedol jok

    phkldgdo`lyloghom jyl

    l``hgjghd|w jok l``hghlo{ fdklw

    d` {ylj{flo{ `dy qldqbl }h{e

    geydohg flkhgjb gdokh{hdow/

    Qjy{hg|bjybx {lbleljb{e

    ho{lyplo{hdow {ej{ {jyml{lk

    jkelylogl dy eljb{e qydfd{hdo

    :/: JJ

    :/9 JJ

    :/7 QJ

    :/; QJ

    :/< QJ

    9/:

    9/9 %j( [el bjgn d` ho`dyfj{hdo

    jok ed} fjox o|fily d` ylph

    wlblg{hom jok gyh{hz|hom {el jy

    jbbd} yddf `dy ihjwolww {d}j

    qjy{hg|bjy khylg{hdo d` {el fl{j&

    %i( Dobx QwxgeBh{" Q|iFlk

    QwxgHO@D ejpl illo wljyge

    %g( gj{lmdyhshom {el `hokhomw

    kh``lylo{ dyfw d` {lblgdff|oh

    jw j `yjfl}dyn gjo ylw|b{ ho

    ihjwolww d` ylw|b{w/

    bb gdogb|whdow wllJqqlokhu J7 ##" ### WHMO Fl{edkdbdmx Gelgnbhw{ : `dy wxw{lfj{hg ylphl}w jok fl{j&jojbxwhw %Wll Jqqlokhu I: (/ }lbb gdplylk> JJ & jklz|j{lbx jkkylwwlk> QJ qddybx jkkylwwlk> OK od{ jkkylwwlk> OY od{ ylqdy{lk> OJ od{ jqqbhgjibl

    ibl 73 Iyhl` W|ffjyx d` Wxw{lfj{hg Ylphl}w Gyh{hz|lk %gdo{(

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    11/37

    J|{edyw$ [h{bl Yjokdfhslk

    , kydq d|{

    Od/ d` w|iclg{w

    Ho{lyplo{hdo

    jok Gdo{ydb

    #

    W

    G

    #

    F

    Q

    #

    Q

    K

    #

    Y

    W

    #

    \

    W

    #

    W

    ]

    G

    #

    Q

    W

    X

    #

    W

    L

    #

    E

    W

    #

    Z

    D

    B

    #

    G

    K

    ## WHMO Ho{lyojb Pjbhkh{x Gdogb|whdo###

    KHJIL[LW

    Qhl{{l" ]lhoilymly"

    Fgqell" Fje" Nyjlfly

    jok Gyjqd

    Kd J|{dfj{lk Gjbbw }h{e

    O|ywl dbbd}&|q hfqydplwlb` gjyl jok mbxglfhg

    gdo{ydb jfdom p|bolyjibl

    qj{hlo{w }h{e Khjil{lw4K|yj{hdo3 :9fdo{e

    Xlw/

    9;5 qj{hlo{w kj{jjojbxslk %58,("

    ::, kydqqlkd|{/

    :9; w|iclg{w ho

    ljge jyf/

    J|{dfj{lk

    {lblqedol"gjbbw d|{&

    id|ok }h{e

    o|ywl `dbbd}&|q jkc|og{ {d|w|jb gjyl pw

    \w|jb gjyl

    :/: ]G

    :/9 ]G:/7 JJ:/; OJ

    :/< ]G:/0 ]G:/= QJ

    :/5

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    12/37

    J|{edyw$ [h{bl Yjokdfhslk

    , kydq d|{

    Od/ d` w|iclg{w

    Ho{lyplo{hdo

    jok Gdo{ydb

    #

    W

    G

    #

    F

    Q

    #

    Q

    K

    #

    Y

    W

    #

    \

    W

    #

    W

    ]

    G

    #

    Q

    W

    X

    #

    W

    L

    #

    E

    W

    #

    Z

    D

    B

    #

    G

    K

    ## WHMO

    Ho{lyojb

    Pjbhkh{x

    Gdogb|whdo###

    EXQLY[LOWHDO

    @yhlkfjo l{ jb/

    J {lblgdff|ohgj{hdowwxw{lf dy fdoh{dyhomjok gd|owlbhom qj{hlo{w

    }h{e exqly{lowhdo hfqjg{ do flkhgj{hdo

    jkelylogl jok ibddk

    qylww|yl gdo{ydb/

    K|yj{hdo3 0 fdo{ew

    Xlw/

    90= %58,(w|iclg{w kj{j

    }lyl jojbxslk j{{el lok d` {el

    w{|kx

    %::, kydq d|{(

    Qj{hlo{&

    hoh{hj{lkj|{dfj{lk{lblqedol"

    gjbbw jkc|og{ {d|w|jb gjyl pw\w|jb gjyl

    :/: ]G

    :/9 ]G:/7 JJ:/; OJ

    :/< ]G:/0 ]G:/= JJ

    :/5 ::,

    :/8 JJ:/:1 OJ

    9/: .. Ylw|b{w3

    :(L``lg{w do jo{hexqly{lowhpl flkhg

    jkelylogl3Fljo jkelylogl hfqydplflo{3kh``60,9(L``lg{w d` ibddk qylww|yl3Jkc|w{lk fljo khjw{dbhg ibddk qylw

    gejomlw3

    [d{jb w{|kx qdq|bj{hdo3 kh``6;/;OdoJkelylo{w|iclg{w3 kh``65/57(Ylbj{hdowehq d` [BG |wl jok

    jkelylogl gejoml {d ibddk qylww|ylJkc/ fljo wxw IQ gejoml ho [BG m

    :9/=ffEm %hogyljwlk jkelylogl( pw9/

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    13/37

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    14/37

    [el Gdowhklylk C|kmflo{ {jibl hw wed}o ho [jibl

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    15/37

    x Z|lw{hdo :3 Hw {elyl j kh``lylogl ho hfqydphom qexwhdbdmhgjb d|{gdfl hokhgj{dyw il{}llo j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjyl jok |w|jb gjyl ho qj{hlo{w }h{e gljwlw fjhobx [xql 9 khjil{lw" exqly{lowhdo jok exqlybhqhklfhj ho d|{qj{hlo{ wl{{hom4

    J|{edy$ [h{bl$ [xql Gdogb|whdowWHMO

    Ho{lyojb

    Z|jbh{x

    Khylg{olww d` jqqbhgj{hdo {d

    [jyml{ Qdq|bj{hdo d` M|hklbholGbhohgjb Hfqjg{ Hfqblflo{jihbh{x

    G|yylbb" \yz|ejy{"

    ]jho}yhme{ jok Bl}hw

    [lblflkhghol plyw|w `jgl{d `jgl qj{hlo{ gjyl3 l``lg{

    do qyd`lwwhdojb qyjg{hgljok eljb{e gjyl d|{gdflw

    Wxw{lfj{hg

    Ylphl}

    :( Odol d` {el hogb|klk w{|khlw

    klfdow{yj{lk jox kl{yhflo{jb l``lg{w `ydf

    {el ho{lyplo{hdow

    9( [elyl hw jbwd bh{{bl lphklogl d` gbhohgjb

    ilol`h{w

    7( Bjymly wjfqblw ollklk `dy `|y{ely

    ylwljyge

    .

    Ylphl} od{ :11, khylg{bx

    jqqbhgjibl {d {el jwwhmoflo{/

    W{|khlw hopdbphom jg|{l

    flkhgjb gdokh{hdow jyl

    hogb|klk ho ylphl}/

    Blplb d` jqqbhgjihbh{x3 ;1,

    Ydhol" Dehofjj jok

    Ejhblx

    Jwwlwwhom {lblflkhghol3 jwxw{lfj{hg ylphl} d` {elbh{lyj{|yl

    Wxw{lfj{hg

    Ylphl}

    Lphklogl d` l``lg{hplolww d` {lblflkhghol

    ylfjhow bhfh{lk/ Fdw{ d` {el w{|khlw jyl

    qhbd{ qydclg{w dy wedy{&{lyf d|{gdflw/

    Dobx {yjowfhwwhdo d` LGM jok {lbl&

    klyfj{dbdmx ejpl wed}o qydfhwhom

    ylw|b{w/

    ..

    Ylphl} od{ :11, khylg{bx

    jqqbhgjibl {d {el jwwhmoflo{/

    W{|khlw hopdbphom jg|{l

    flkhgjb gdokh{hdow d{ely {ejo

    geydohg khwljwlw jyl hogb|klk

    ho ylphl}/

    Blplb d` jqqbhgjihbh{x3 ;1,

    Elywe" Elb`jok"

    ]jbbjgl" Nyjlfly"

    Qj{yhghj" Wejqhyd jok

    Myllobhgn

    Gbhohgjb d|{gdflw

    ylw|b{hom `ydf{lblflkhgholho{lyplo{hdow3 jwxw{lfj{hg ylphl}/

    Wxw{lfj{hg

    Ylphl}

    [el w{ydomlw{ lphklogl `dy l``hgjgx d`

    {lblflkhghol ho gbhohgjb d|{gdflw `ydf

    edfl&ijwlk {lblflkhghol ho jyljw d`

    exqly{lowhdo" geydohg khwljwl

    fjojmlflo{ jok JHKw/

    .

    Ylphl} hw jqqbhgjibl {d {el

    {jyml{ qdq|bj{hdo ho id{e

    geydohg khwljwl jok d|{qj{hlo{

    fjojmlflo{/

    Blplb d` jqqbhgjihbh{x3 =1,

    Bhww" Mb|lgnj|` jok

    Lgnb|ok&Cdeowdo

    Ylwljyge do [lbleljb{ejok Geydohg FlkhgjbGdokh{hdow3 Gyh{hgjbYlphl}" Nlx Hww|lw" jok@|{|yl Khylg{hdow

    Wxw{lfj{hg

    Ylphl}

    Ho{lyol{" {lblqedol jok phkldgdo`lyloghom

    jyl l``hgjghd|w jok l``hghlo{ fdklw d`

    {ylj{flo{ `dy qldqbl }h{e geydohg flkhgjb

    gdokh{hdow/

    @|y{elyfdyl" {lbleljb{e ho{lyplo{hdow {ej{

    {jyml{lk jkelylogl dy eljb{e qydfd{hdo

    %qjy{hg|bjybx j|{dfj{lk qedol

    {lgeodbdmx( wed}lk hogylflo{jb mjhow ho

    gdfqjyhwdo {d yd|{hol gjyl/

    T

    Ylphl} hw jqqbhgjibl {d {el

    {jyml{ qdq|bj{hdo d` geydohg

    khwljwl" ed}lply {el ylphl}

    hogb|klw w{|khlw d`

    edwqh{jbhslk qj{hlo{w/

    Blplb d` jqqbhgjihbh{x3 01,

    Bjyml k|l {d {el

    bjyml o|fily d`

    qj{hlo{w {ehw

    j|{dfj{lk

    {lblqedol gjyl

    }hbb wlypl h`

    hfqblflo{lk

    %:( Ylwd|yglw3 OEM

    Qdbxgbhohgw ejpl j fjho

    gjbb glo{ly/ [el fjho bhol

    {lblqedol ho{ydk|g{hdo hw

    j|{dfj{lk" ho{lyjg{lk }h

    {d|ge&{dol qedol qjkw/

    %9( Ho Whomjqdyl" fdw{ d

    {el ed|wledbkw ejpl

    {d|ge&{dol {lblqedolw/

    %7( Wl{{hom |q {el wxw{lf

    }hbb ylz|hyl jkkh{hdojb

    gd|ywl `dy {el qbjoohom

    jok {el |wjml d` {el

    {lblqedol bholw

    %;( [el hfqblflo{j{hdo d

    {ehw ho{lyplo{hdo hw od{

    c|w{h`hjibl j{ {el fdflo{

    k|l {d {el |onod}o gdw{

    d` wl{{hom |q {el wxw{lf

    gdfqjyhwdo {d {el

    ilol`h{w/

    ibl

  • 8/14/2019 NUS Systematic Review Assignment

    16/37

    x Z|lw{hdo :3 Hw {elyl j kh``lylogl ho hfqydphom qexwhdbdmhgjb d|{gdfl hokhgj{dyw il{}llo j|{dfj{lk {lblqedol gjyl jok |w|jb gjyl ho qj{hlo{w }h{e gljwlw fjhobx [xql 9 khjil{lw" exqly{lowhdo jok exqlybhqhklfhj ho d|{qj{hlo{ wl{{hom4

    J|{edy$ [h{bl$ [xql Gdogb|whdowWHMO

    Ho{lyojb

    Z|jbh{x

    Khylg{olww d` jqqbhgj{hdo {d

    [jyml{ Qdq|bj{hdo d` M|hklbholGbhohgjb Hfqjg{ Hfqblflo{jihbh{x

    Qhl{{l" ]lhoilymly"

    Fgqell" Fje" Nyjlfly

    jok Gyjqd

    Kd J|{dfj{lk Gjbbw }h{eO|ywl `dbbd}&|q hfqydplwlb` gjyl jok mbxglfhggdo{ydb jfdom p|bolyjiblqj{hlo{w }h{e Khjil{lw4

    YG[

    @hokhomw d` {ehw w{|kx ylqdy{lk3

    :( Ho{lyplo{hdo myd|q hogyljwl o|fily d`

    w|iclg{w }h{e Odyfjb EiJ:G, blplb

    9( Ho{lyplo{hdo myd|q ejw j bd}ly fljo

    wly|f mb|gdwl blplbw d` ;:fm$kB

    @hokhomw od{ mlolyjbhslk {d jbb khjil{lw

    qdq|bj{hdo" fjho gejyjg{lyhw{hgw d` qj{hlo{w ho

    w{|kx jyl bd}&hogdfl" `ydf \oh{lk W{j{lw

    .

    @hokhomw gjood{ il khylg{bx

    jqqbhlk k|l {d qj{hlo{ `jg{dyw3

    kh``lylogl ho l{eohgh{x `jg{dy

    jok g|b{|yjb jg{dyw/ Jwhjo

    bd}&hogdfl myd|q fhme{ ejplj kh``lylo{ eljb{e bh{lyjgx blplb/

    Blplb d` jqqbhgjihbh{x `dy

    khjil{lw qdq|bj{hdo dobx3 01,

    Qhl{{l" ]lhoilymly"

    Nyjlfly jok FgQell

    Hfqjg{ d` J|{dfj{lkGjbbw }h{e O|ywl @dbbd}&|q do Khjil{lw [ylj{flo{D|{gdflw ho jKlqjy{flo{ d` Pl{lyjowJ``jhyw Eljb{e GjylWxw{lf j yjokdfhslkgdo{ydbblk {yhjb

    YG[@hokhomw d` {ehw w{|kx ylqdy{lk3

    %:( W|iclg{w }h{e EiJ:g ? dy lz|jb {d 5,

    fljo EiJ:g, klgyljwlk ix 1/