Nutrition, Children Ages 4-13 pwrpoint pres.pptx

7/27/2019 Nutrition, Children Ages 4-13 pwrpoint pres.pptx

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P O W E R P O I N T A S S I G N M E N T

B Y C H R I S T O P H E R J . A C K E R M A N

Nutrition, Children Ages 4-13

HPE 320


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Nutrition and Health of Children

Healthy eating contributes to overall healthy growth anddevelopment, including healthy bones, skin, and energylevels.

Obesity in children is without a doubt, a growing problemfor youth in the United States. The prevalence of

overweight children, ages 6-11, has more than doubled overthe past 20 years.

If children are overweight at a young age, they are morelikely to be overweight as adults. One study revealed thatchildren who became obese at the age of 8 were even more

severely obese when reaching adulthood. This demonstrates the importance of the role of parents in

monitoring and encouraging good health in their childrenat a young age.

(National Center for Chronic DiseasePrevention and Health, 2010)


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Nutrition Recommendations for Children andAdolescents


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Energy and Macronutrient Recommendations for Children

Total energy requirements in children increasethroughout childhood based on increasing size, and

because they participate in higher levels of physicalactivity.

Parents should offer children diets that promotenormal growth and support physical activityminimizing unnecessary weight gain.

(Walter and Manore, 2009)


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Eat these healthy fats:

Not these unhealthy fats:

Olive oils Canola oil

Monounsaturated fatsfrom nuts

Avocado

Salmon

Stick margarine Lard

Palm oil

Anything with partiallyhydrogenated oil

Fats

(Zinczenko, 2008)


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Carbohydrates

The RDA for carbohydrates for children is 130 g/day (45-65%of total daily energy intake). Figure 16.1

Emphasize whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Limit fiber to an A1 of 14g/1000 kcal of energy consumed. Toomuch fiber is detrimental because it makes children feel full,

which limits adequate food intake.

EAT THIS:Simple sugarthrough fruit and

fruit juices

NOT THIS:Cookies, cake,and candy



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Protein

Protein recommendation for both boys and girls is 0.95g/kg body weight per day. Figure 16.1

Protein builds, maintains and repairs body tissue. It isespecially important for growth. It's important that parents

encourage children to eat two to three servings of proteindaily.

Good sources of protein for children include meat, fish,poultry, milk and other dairy.

On average, children in the United States consumeconsiderably more protein than is required for health.

(Virtual Medical Centre, 2011)

(The George Mateljan

Foundation, 2011)


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Micronutrient Recommendations for Children

The need for micronutrients increase slightly forchildren up to the age of 8 due to their increase insize.

A sharper increase occurs in transition to fulladolescence due to beginning of sexual maturationand preparation for an impending growth spurt.

Children need to consume the recommended 5 or

more servings fruits/veggies per day or they couldbecome deficient in vitamin A, C, and E.

Minerals of concern (calcium, iron, zinc).



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Fluid Recommendations for Children

Fluid recommendations for children areapproximately 5-8 cups as beverages, includingdrinking water.

Exact amount will depend upon weather and theindividuals physical activity.



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Helpful Rules of Nutrition to Teach Children

According to David Zinczenko, one major mistake wemake when watching our weight is assuming weshould eat less. Doing this doesnt allow our body toreceive the essential nutrients it needs. Parents firstinstinct when a child gains weight is to cut out theirsnacks. This makes kids hungry, leading to themindulging in the unhealthy snacks. Instead, expand

on what he eats. Here are some helpful rules


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Rule #1 - DONT SKIP BREAKFAST Children skip this meal more than any other. On a survey taken 8% of 4-7 year olds skipped,

12% of 8-10 yr olds, 20% of 11-14 yr olds.

Breakfast eaters were 30% less likely to be overweight.

Rule #2 SNACK WITH A PURPOSE Reinforce good habits, keep metabolic rate high, and filling gaps between

meals w/ nutrients children need.

Rule #3 BEWARE OF PORTION DISTORTION

Portion sizes are continuing to grow (drinks, foods, snack, etc.), making iteasier to consume too much. BUY SMALLER BOWLS AND CUPS to assistin consumption of too many calories.

Rule #4 DRINK RESPONSIBLY

Watch not only what you eat, but also what you drink.

One study showed sweetened beverages constitute 51% of beveragesconsumed by 4th to 6th graders. This led to 330 extra calories per day.

Possible solutions

Keep cold filtered water in fridge.

Be a good example for kids. They are more likely to consume sodas ifyou (the parents) do.


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Rule #5 SET MORE WHOLE FOOD, FEWER SCIENCEEXPERIMENTS

The shorter the ingredient list, the healthier the food.Rule #6 SET THE TABLE

Children in families with more structured mealtimes exhibit healthiereating habits.Another strategy: Get kids involved in cooking. Then pack the mosthealthful ingredients into your meals.

Rule #7 KICK THE HABITEliminate foods with HFCS (High fructose corn syrup) and other forms

of sugar at the top of the ingredients.Rule #8 EAT THE RAINBOW

Teach kids to eat as many colors as they can.RED (tomato, grapefruit, watermelon, red peppers, apple)ORANGE (oranges, carrots, Sweet Potato)YELLLOW (Pineapple, Squash, Corn, Bananas)

GREEN (zucchini, avocado, asparagus, broccoli, lettuce, peas,spinach)BLUE/PURPLE (eggplant, radish, beet, blackberry, grape, plum)*Not everything will appeal to Kids, but enough options to squeeze 1 in*

(Zinczenko, 2008)


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Schools Effect on Nutrition

There are many things about school that can negatively affecta child consuming a nutritious meal.

If kids try to rush out the door to arrive at school on time, it

can cause them to eliminate breakfast. If hungry all day, theymay perform poorly on work, have behavior problems, or havea decreased attention span.

Although schools have federal guidelines they must followwhen it comes to preparing nutritious lunches, sometimes a

child may not consume all the items included. This denies thechild from consuming all the nutrients available to him.

They also may have vending machines where kids may haveaccess to sodas/snacks that lead to nutrient deficiencies.



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Healthy Vending Machine Choices

Many times, children see their friends indulging insnacks from vending machines. As a result, they

want to do the same. Here are a couple healthyalternatives to suggest.

Instead of:Potato ChipsCandy Bars

Fruit Roll UpsSodasWhole MilkIce Cream

Cookies

Suggest:Baked Tortilla ChipsGranola Bars, trail mix

Dried or Fresh FruitsWater, 100% Fruit JuiceSkim Milk/YogurtSherbet, pure fruitpopsicles

Graham Crackers/ Figcookies

(Dietz andStern, 1999)


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Sports Effect on Children

Children should be getting lots of exercise. Involvingthemselves in sports available to them is a good wayto assure they get the necessary exercise.

Children playing sports feel more comfortableperforming after eating low fat, high carbohydratemeals.

High performance supplements and weight training

programs have no place in children. It will only harmthem and will not improve their performance.



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Conclusion

It is important for children to maintain a diet that ishealthy for them and assures they receive the propernutrients their body needs.

There are many foods children can consume to

receive these valuable nutrients. It is not importantwhat foods they consume, only that they consumethe necessary nutrients.

In my opinion, the best possible way to teach our

kids proper nutrition, is to live it out in our ownlives. When they see us maintaining a healthy diet,they will be likely to do the same.


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References

Dietz, W., & Stern, L., (1999). Guide to your childs nutrition. NewYork: Villiard.

The George Mateljan Foundation., (2011, June). Early childhood andschool age. Retrieved fromhttp://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=specialneed&dbid=4#physfactors.

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health., (2010,June).Healthy youth. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/nutrition/facts.htm .

Thompson, J., & Manore, M., (2009).Nutrition. An applied approach.2nd Edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson.

Virtual Medical Centre., (2011, June).Nutrition for school children.

Retrieved fromhttp://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/healthandlifestyle.asp?sid=89#C7.

Zinczenko, D., (2008).Eat this, not that. New York: Rodale.
http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=specialneed&dbid=4http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=specialneed&dbid=4http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/nutrition/facts.htmhttp://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/healthandlifestyle.asp?sid=89http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/healthandlifestyle.asp?sid=89http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/healthandlifestyle.asp?sid=89http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/healthandlifestyle.asp?sid=89http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/healthandlifestyle.asp?sid=89http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/nutrition/facts.htmhttp://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=specialneed&dbid=4http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=specialneed&dbid=4

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Nutrition, Children Ages 4-13 pwrpoint pres.pptx