Objectives:

Differentiate between animal and plant cells

Catalyst: Make a Venn Diagram and list 5 items for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Repeat for plant and animal cells.

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote• Prokaryote:

• -has no organelles (no nucleus)

Eukaryote:

-has organelles (has a nucleus)

Both:

-are living

-have DNA

-are cells

V. Plant vs. Animal Cells• Plant Cells

• -have chloroplasts and cell walls

• -can make their own food through photosynthesis

• -have large vacuoles to store water

Animal Cells

-have centrioles used in cell division

-can’t make their own food

Both Plant & Animal Cells

-both have:

Plasma membranes

Mitochondria

Cytoplasm

Nucleus’

Nucleolus’

Golgi

E.R.

DNA

-both are living

Overhead Hints for…

•Largest land animals alive today

•Gestation period is 22 months

•May live as long as 70 years or longer!

mystery organism…

• Unlike most mammals, which grow baby teeth and then replace them with a permanent set of adult teeth, this animal has cycles of tooth rotation throughout their entire life

• Guess now

mystery organism…ElephaElephantnt

mystery organism…ElephaElephantnt

Scientific MethodScientific Method If you got a question needs an answer you see,If you got a question needs an answer you see,

Gotta gather information in the library.Gotta gather information in the library.Oh, why must I do it this way?Oh, why must I do it this way?Hey, must be the method!Hey, must be the method!

Hypothesize what the answer could be, Hypothesize what the answer could be, then perform an experiment 1,2,3.then perform an experiment 1,2,3.Oh, why must I do it this way?Oh, why must I do it this way?Hey, must be the method!Hey, must be the method!

Record the data in the data sheet.Record the data in the data sheet.Draw up some conclusions and then repeat.Draw up some conclusions and then repeat.Oh, why must I do it this way?Oh, why must I do it this way?Hey, must be the method!Hey, must be the method!

Need a VolunteerNeed a Volunteer

Say the color of each word on the slide as Say the color of each word on the slide as fast as you can…fast as you can…

Example – “Napkin” - WhiteExample – “Napkin” - White

REDBLUE

YELLOWYELLOWGREEN

REDBLUE

Let’s try it again Hot-stuff Let’s try it again Hot-stuff

Say the color of each word on the slide as Say the color of each word on the slide as fast as you can…fast as you can…

Example – “Napkin” - WhiteExample – “Napkin” - White

REDBLUE

YELLOWYELLOWGREEN

REDBLUE

3 + 5 = 8

7 + 127 = 134

63 + 2956 = 3019etc….

Trying to understand addition with examples:

A possible examination question to determine if students have mastered addition:

154 + 382 = ?

Don’t just memorize the examples.

Understand the process!

Put everythingeverything in context.

One More fun gameOne More fun game

See how many of the words you can See how many of the words you can memorize…memorize…

brain

nerve

thumb

elbow

wrist

brain

nerve

thumb

elbow

wrist

Try one more time…Try one more time…

See how many of the words you can See how many of the words you can memorize…memorize…

ldrmq

hnbfg

xwgcb

zjrxp

Hello

Four proven keys to success in Med Four proven keys to success in Med 101101

1. Understand the material1. Understand the materialDon’t study for the grade

2. Understand the context2. Understand the contextDon’t study isolated facts

3. Come to every class3. Come to every classDon’t try to memorize the text book

4. Review each class day4. Review each class dayDon’t fall behind

Medication Errors Medical Mistakes U.S. Pharmacopeia study Harvard University study

December 2002

“Those who do not stop asking silly questions become scientists.” physicist Leon Lederman

TODAY’S INTERESTING SCIENCE

• Every hour one billion cells in the body must be replaced

Are these things alive?Are these things alive?

PlantPlant airair windwind

animals animals

bacteria bacteria

virusesviruses protistsprotists

rocksrocksfungi fungi soilsoil

firefire waterwater

Are these things alive?Are these things alive?

Plant Plant airair windwind

animals animals

bacteria bacteria

virusesviruses protistsprotists

rocksrocksfungi fungi soilsoil

firefire waterwater

Living

Living

Living

Living

Living

Ex. of Life and Nonlife:Ex. of Life and Nonlife:

Living Things: plants, animals, Living Things: plants, animals, protists, fungi, bacteriaprotists, fungi, bacteria

Nonliving Things: viruses, fire, rocks, Nonliving Things: viruses, fire, rocks, soil, air, water, sunlightsoil, air, water, sunlight

This is a picture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis a bacteria which causes the disease tuberculosis. What happens when you get this disease?

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life

Living things are organized at different Living things are organized at different levels.levels.

Organization of living things:Organization of living things:

--Cell(Smallest)Cell(Smallest)TissueTissueOrganOrganOrgaOrgan Systemn SystemOrganism(Biggest)Organism(Biggest)

-A cell is the smallest living thing.-A cell is the smallest living thing.

Cell Theory

All living things composed of one or more cells

Cells are basic units of structure and function in an organism

Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

MicroscopesMicroscopesOriginal Microscope from 1600’s

Compound light microscope used today.

III. Types of CellsIII. Types of Cells-There are two types of cells:-There are two types of cells:

1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or 1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or any any other membrane-bound organelles. Ex: other membrane-bound organelles. Ex: BacteriaBacteria

Two Types of Cells:Two Types of Cells:

2. Eukaryotic cells 2. Eukaryotic cells dodo have a nucleus. Ex: Plant have a nucleus. Ex: Plant and animal cells.and animal cells.

Prokaryote vs. EukaryoteProkaryote vs. Eukaryote

Prokaryote:Prokaryote:

-has no -has no organelles organelles (no nucleus)(no nucleus)

Eukaryote:Eukaryote:

-has organelles -has organelles (has a nucleus)(has a nucleus)

Both:

-are living

-have DNA

-are cells

Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic CellsNo Nucleus

No Membrane-bound organelles

Very Small

Older

Only Bacteria

Eukaryotic CellsNucleusMany organellesLarger than

ProkaryotesYoungerAll Other Cells

NOTE! Plant cells are eukaryotic

Differences between Plant and Animal Cells

PLANT CELLS Square or “boxy” Have a cell wall Have chloroplasts Large vacuoles Usually green

(because of the chlorophyll)

ANIMAL CELLS• Round

• No cell wall

• No chloroplasts

• Small vacuoles

IV. Parts of the CellIV. Parts of the Cell

-Just like our bodies, cells must have -Just like our bodies, cells must have different structures which help them different structures which help them live.live.

-They need their own version of skin, a -They need their own version of skin, a stomach, blood and a brain to stomach, blood and a brain to survive.survive.

IV. Parts of the CellIV. Parts of the Cell

--Organelles are small membrane-Organelles are small membrane-bound structures found inside the bound structures found inside the cell which have special jobs to help cell which have special jobs to help the cell survive.the cell survive.

Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleus?nucleus?

Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleus?nucleus?

Nucleus

Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleolus?nucleolus?

Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleolus?nucleolus?

Nucleolus

What organelle is this?What organelle is this?

mitochondriamitochondria

What organelle is this?What organelle is this?

golgigolgi

V. Plant vs. Animal CellsV. Plant vs. Animal Cells

Plant and animal cells do not have Plant and animal cells do not have exactly the same organelles. Some exactly the same organelles. Some organelles are found only in plant organelles are found only in plant cells or only in animal cells.cells or only in animal cells.

VI. Plant OrganellesVI. Plant Organelles

Vacuole-stores food and Vacuole-stores food and water.water.

Cell Wall-hard structure that Cell Wall-hard structure that protects and gives plant protects and gives plant cells shape.cells shape.

Chloroplast-turn light Chloroplast-turn light energy into sugar.energy into sugar.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• HUMAN EGG

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• STEM CELLS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• Red Blood Cells

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• FIBROBLAST

– Deals with healing

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• HEPATOCYTE

– Deals with liver and getting rid of toxins

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• NEURON

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• KILLER T CELLS!!!

Structure Prokaryotes

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Organelles

Nucleus

Centrioles

Example

Structure Plant Cells

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Organelles

Nucleus

Centrioles

Example

Structure Animal Cells

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Organelles

Nucleus

Centrioles

Example

Structure Prokaryotes Plant Cells Animal Cells

Cell Wall YES YES NO

Cell Membrane YES YES YES

Organelles NO YES YES

Nucleus NO YES YES

Centrioles NO NO YES

Example BACTERIA CACTUS HUMAN

Nucleus Function: Control center of the cell Found: All Eukaryotic Cells (both plant and

animal cells have nuclei) Analogy: Mr. Land

Ribosome Function: makes proteins Found: In All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Guidance Office, Teachers

Cilia and Flagella Function: assist in movement of cell Found: Animal Cells / Prokaryotic Analogy: Your feet

Golgi Apparatus

Function: package and ship out Proteins

Found: All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Office Secretaries

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function: Pathway to ship proteins

Found: All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Hallway

Misc: Rough ER – has Ribosomes on it

Smooth ER – has no ribosomes on it

Vacuole Function: store enzymes & metabolic

wastes Found: PLANTS ONLY!!! Analogy: Lockers

Chloroplast Function: Photosynthesis Found: PLANTS ONLY!!! Analogy: green chlorophyll plants in

hallway

Cytoskeleton Function: gives cell structure to

maintain shape and size Found: All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Your school schedule

Mitochondria Function: convert chemical

energy stored in food into compounds which cell can use for energy – MAKE ATP

Found: In All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Cafeteria

Multi-Cellular Organization

Groups of cells – Tissues, organs, and organ systemTissues – a group of similar cells that work together

Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelialOrgans – a group of many tissues that work

togetherLiver, heart, stomach

Organ system – a group of many organs that work together

Cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory

Multi-cellular organization

Tissue LungRespiratory System

Cells, Cells, Cells: REVIEW• Due in 15 mins: TEST

BONUS (5 points)–Write an autobiography for an

organelle in the cell. Explain why you are the coolest. Can be in the form of a rap song. Must tell me what the organelle does and an analogy of it to the school.

Best in Class… gets 10 points

I’VE GOT AN EXAMPLE

The Process of Making a Protein

The Process of Making a Protein First an RNA message must be sent from the nucleus

An RNA message travels through nuclear pores out into the cytoplasm

The RNA message encounters either a free ribosome or a ribosome attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

The ribosome “reads” the RNA message and begins to synthesize a protein according to the RNA directions

When the protein is complete, the protein then enters the endoplasmic reticulum and undergoes a process of chemical changes

The protein then exits the ER and travels to the Golgi Apparatus

Once again the protein undergoes a series of changes and is packaged for transport through or outside of the cell

MAKING CELLS: 15 pts

• You and your partner (closest birthdays) choose between the items in the tray at the front of the room and construct a Eukaryotic Cell (may be animal or plant)

• To Turn In:– Key: which labels at least 5 organelles– Definition of each organelle– Analogy of each organelle to the school

1 min

2 ATP

No Oxygen Present

Oxygen Present

Breaking down glucose….

Occurs in plants and animals

Class Jobs GlucoseClass Jobs Glucose

POD NAMES - Homeostasis

• 4 Elements

• Group DNA

• H20

• Ladies of Bio

POD NAMES - Photosynthesis

• Needs to form

• Do two labs with them

POD – CELL RESP

• Miraculous Molecules– Chanetta, Michael, Sharnequia, Ree

• Biology 226– Brittney, Shakia

• Oxygen– Alissa, Priscilla, Lloyd, Derrick

• Champions• Levi

– Marion, Selinda, Andrea, Jody• Epiphany

POD Mitosis

Calvin 4 Carbonators Nine West Genetic Go-getters

POD Codon

POD Glucose

Get from sheets