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Chapter 4

Integumentary System

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Integumentary System Function

The integumentary system comprises the skin, nails, and glands. The skin forms a protective covering that when unbroken prevents entry of bacteria and other invading organisms. The skin also protects the body from water loss and from damaging effects of ultraviolet light.Other functions include regulation of body temperature and synthesis of vitamin D.

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Structure of the Skincutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

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Cross Section of the Skin

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Major Structures of the Skin

epidermis: outer layer of skinkeratin: horny, or cornified, layer composed of proteinmelanin: color, or pigmentation, of skin

dermis (also called “true skin”): the inner layer of skin

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Major Structures of the Skin (cont’d)

sudoriferous glands: tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on skin’s surfacesebaceous glands: secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles, where the hair shaftspass through the dermis

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Skin Layers

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Skin c.s.

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Thick Skin C.S.pachyoderma

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Accessory Structures of the Skin

hair: compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles (sacs that enclose the hair fibers)nails: originate in the epidermis; found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toesglands: temperature control and protectionmelanin: UV protection

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Melanin

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Sudoriferous Gland, Sweat Gland (duct)

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Sebaceous Gland

seb/o

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Fingernail, onych/o

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Hair; trich/o

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Hair Follicles

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Alopecia

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Errector pili

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Combining Forms for the Integumentary System

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/ohidr/okerat/oonych/o, ungu/oseb/otrich/o

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Combining Forms Commonly Used with Integumentary System Terms

aut/obi/oconi/ocrypt/oheter/omyc/onecr/o

pachy/orhytid/ostaphyl/ostrept/oxer/o

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Prefixes

epi-intra-para-per-sub-

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Suffixes

-coccus-ectomy-ia-itis-malacia

-opsy-phagia-plasty-rrhea-tome

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built From Word Parts

dermatitisdermatoconiosiserythrodermahidradenitisleukodermaonychocryptosispachydermaxeroderma

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The -a Ending

The -a ending in the terms “pachyderma,”“xeroderma,” “erythroderma,” “leukoderma,”and “xanthoderma” is a noun suffix and has no meaning

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts

abrasionabscesscellulitiscontusion

eczemagangreneherpes zosterimpetigo

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Kaposi sarcomalacerationlesiononychomycosispsoriasistineapercutaneous lesion and cancers of the skin

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Common Skin Disorders

Tinea. Dermatitis.

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Cancers of the Skin

Basal cell carcinoma.Squamous cell carcinoma.Melanoma.

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

biopsydermatoautoplastydermatoheteroplastydermatoplastyonychectomyrhytidectomyrhytidoplasty

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

dermatologistdermatomeepidermalintradermalkeratogenic

necrosispercutaneousstaphylococcus streptococcusungual

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Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts

adiposealbinoallergycicatrixcytomegalovirus (CMV)debridementdecubitus ulcerdermabrasion

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Albinism

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Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

diaphoresisecchymosisedemaerythemajaundicekeloidleukoplakiapallor

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Types of BurnsScald........................May occur from scalding hot water, grease or radiator fluid. Thermal.............….May occur from flames, usually deep burns. Chemical............….May come from acid and alkali, usually deep burns. Electrical.................Either low voltage around a house or high voltage at work Explosion Flash......Usually superficial injuries. Contact Burns........Usually deep and may occur from muffler tail pipes, hot irons and stoves.

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Burns

1st degree burn......is a superficial, reddened area of skin like a sunburn. 2nd degree burn.....is a blistered injury site which may heal spontaneously after the blister fluid has bee removed. 3rd degree burn......is a burn through the entire skin and will usually require surgical intervention for wound healing.

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First and Second Degree Burns

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Second and Third Degree Burns

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Debridement

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Burn Keloid

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Abbreviations

bxBCC CMVsubq

SLEstaphstrepSqCCA

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Hair Follicle

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Sweat Gland

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(grapelike clusters) / cv / (berry-shaped) bacteria

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(twisted chains) / cv / (berry-shaped) bacteria