Objectives Learn the UNITS command for drawing unit setup.Learn the UNITS command for drawing unit setup. Learn to input engineering, architectural, and

ObjectivesObjectives

•• Learn the Learn the UNITSUNITS command for drawing unit setup. command for drawing unit setup.

•• Learn to input engineering, architectural, and Learn to input engineering, architectural, and metric units.metric units.

• • Set up and determine limits for a given drawing.Set up and determine limits for a given drawing.

•• Learn to scale a plotted drawing.Learn to scale a plotted drawing.

• • Set up layers and assign colors and linetypes to Set up layers and assign colors and linetypes to them.them.

•• Set up Grid, Snap, and Ortho modes based on the Set up Grid, Snap, and Ortho modes based on the drawing requirements.drawing requirements.

•• Use Object Snaps and understand their applications.Use Object Snaps and understand their applications.

•• Use Autotracking and Polar Tracking.Use Autotracking and Polar Tracking.

•• Determine local (CELTSCALE), and global (LTSCALE) Determine local (CELTSCALE), and global (LTSCALE) linetype scaling factor for plotting.linetype scaling factor for plotting.

Drawing UnitsDrawing Units In AutoCAD, drawings should In AutoCAD, drawings should alwaysalways be created full size; be created full size;

(1 unit in drawing = 1 unit on actual part) (1 unit in drawing = 1 unit on actual part) Scaling only Scaling only come into play when its time to plot to paper.come into play when its time to plot to paper.

Before you start a drawing, decide what value each drawing Before you start a drawing, decide what value each drawing unit will represent based on what you plan to draw and what unit will represent based on what you plan to draw and what system of measurement you plan to use. system of measurement you plan to use.

Metric Ex:Metric Ex: 1 unit = 1 mm on an actual part. 1 unit = 1 mm on an actual part.

Imperial Ex:Imperial Ex: 1 unit = 1 inch on an actual part. 1 unit = 1 inch on an actual part.

The The easiesteasiest way to set the system of units (Metric or way to set the system of units (Metric or Imperial) is at start up using Imperial) is at start up using Start From ScratchStart From Scratch in the in the Start Start UpUp dialog box. dialog box.

Drawing UnitsDrawing Units

If you start a drawing in one system of measurement and then If you start a drawing in one system of measurement and then want to switch to another system, you need to resize all want to switch to another system, you need to resize all drawing objects by a conversion factor in order to obtain drawing objects by a conversion factor in order to obtain accurate dimensions that match the real object. accurate dimensions that match the real object.

Ex:Ex: If you start a drawing in Imperial inches and want to work If you start a drawing in Imperial inches and want to work in Metric millimeters, resize all objects by a factor of 25.4.in Metric millimeters, resize all objects by a factor of 25.4.

TheThe UN UNITS ITS command controls the format of units in AutoCAD command controls the format of units in AutoCAD and determines;and determines; How your coordinate and distance input is interpreted by How your coordinate and distance input is interpreted by

AutoCad.AutoCad. What format for coordinate input is allowed.What format for coordinate input is allowed. How coordinates and distances are displayed.How coordinates and distances are displayed.

Units FormatUnits Format

Units CommandUnits Command – sets the format for – sets the format for length and angle units in your drawing.length and angle units in your drawing.

Command:Command: UNUNITSITS DD Menu:DD Menu: Format > UnitsFormat > Units

Length Type:Length Type: ArchitecturalArchitectural 27’-2 ¼”27’-2 ¼” DecimalDecimal 326.25326.25 EngineeringEngineering 27’-2.25”27’-2.25” Fractional Fractional 326 ¼ 326 ¼ ScientificScientific 3.2625E+023.2625E+02

For For ScientificScientific, , DecimalDecimal, or , or FractionalFractional, , coordinates may be entered in any of coordinates may be entered in any of these 3 formats but not these 3 formats but not ArchitecturalArchitectural or or EngineeringEngineering


(inch ” & feet ’ symbols not allowed).(inch ” & feet ’ symbols not allowed).

If If ArchitecturalArchitectural or or EngineeringEngineering are selected, coordinates may are selected, coordinates may be entered in any format (the inch symbol ” is optional).be entered in any format (the inch symbol ” is optional).


InputtingInputting ArchitecturalArchitectural,, EngineeringEngineering, and, and FractionalFractional Units:Units: The input for these unit types is The input for these unit types is NOTNOT the same as the the same as the

format they are displayed by AutoCAD.format they are displayed by AutoCAD.

ExamplesExamples::

AutoCAD Standard Optional AutoCAD Standard Optional DisplayDisplay InputInput InputInput

ArchitecturalArchitectural 27’-2 ¼”27’-2 ¼” 27’2-1/4” 27’2-1/4 27’2-1/4” 27’2-1/4 EngineeringEngineering 27’-2.25”27’-2.25” 27’2.25” 27’2.25 27’2.25” 27’2.25 FractionalFractional 326 ¼ 326 ¼ 326-1/4326-1/4

The inch symbol can be dropped; Numbers without foot The inch symbol can be dropped; Numbers without foot symbol are assumed to be inches.symbol are assumed to be inches.

326-1/4326-1/4

326.25326.25oror


Length Precision:Length Precision: - determines number of decimal points - determines number of decimal points or smallest fraction which is displayed.or smallest fraction which is displayed.


Angle Type:Angle Type: Decimal Deg. Decimal Deg. 34.5034.50 Deg/Min/SecDeg/Min/Sec 34d30’0”34d30’0” GradsGrads won’t use won’t use RadiansRadians 0.6021r0.6021r Surveyor Surveyor N34dE N34dE

Regardless of type selected, all Regardless of type selected, all formats may be ued for input. formats may be ued for input. Requires using the appropriate Requires using the appropriate suffix and symbols, or defaults to suffix and symbols, or defaults to selected input method.selected input method.


Angle Precision:Angle Precision: - determines number of decimal points for - determines number of decimal points for displayed angles.displayed angles.

Exercise 2Exercise 2 Set your units to a format that

allows all unit types shown to be used for input (Architectural or Engineering).

Draw the green objects.

Hint: input for 5’-2 ¼” is 5’2-1/4”

Hint: input for 5’-1.25” is 5’1.25

Global Coordinates (0,0)Global Coordinates (0,0)

Scaling CAD DrawingsScaling CAD Drawings

One more time…CAD drawings are always created full size!One more time…CAD drawings are always created full size!

That means: That means: Full ScaleFull Scale, , Full SizeFull Size, , 1:11:1, , 12”=1’12”=1’, etc., etc.

However, to put your full size drawing on a sheet of paper However, to put your full size drawing on a sheet of paper requires scaling… requires scaling… As Part of Your Plot RoutineAs Part of Your Plot Routine!!

The method we use for scaling is the easiest that I know. It The method we use for scaling is the easiest that I know. It requires making a title block border and using it as a gage to requires making a title block border and using it as a gage to determine the proper plot scale.determine the proper plot scale.

To use this method requires 2 new commands:To use this method requires 2 new commands: DISTDIST SCALESCALE

Preparation for Plotting to ScalePreparation for Plotting to Scale

2 new commands required to plot a CAD drawing to scale.2 new commands required to plot a CAD drawing to scale. Distance CommandDistance Command – gives the distance between 2 points. – gives the distance between 2 points.

Command:Command: DISTDIST

Specify first point: Specify first point:

Specify second point: Specify second point:

Distance = 3.7640…Distance = 3.7640… Scale CommandScale Command – changes the size of selected objects by – changes the size of selected objects by

a specified scale factor.a specified scale factor.

Command:Command: SCALESCALE

Select objects: pick objects to scaleSelect objects: pick objects to scale

Specify base point:Specify base point:

Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference] <2.0000>:Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference] <2.0000>:

*Note: format and precision of *Note: format and precision of DISTDIST is controlled by is controlled by UNITSUNITS command.command.

DEMO – DIST & SCALEDEMO – DIST & SCALE

Open new drawing.Open new drawing. Show Show DISTDIST command. command. Show Show SCALESCALE command. command.

Exercise 3Exercise 3

Open a new drawing using Imperial units.Open a new drawing using Imperial units. The standard BTC border for an A-size sheet is 10” x 7.5”. The standard BTC border for an A-size sheet is 10” x 7.5”.

Create a rectangle 10” long by 7.5” wide as shown in Create a rectangle 10” long by 7.5” wide as shown in AA. This . This will represent an A-size border.will represent an A-size border.

Use the Use the DISTDIST command to verify the approximate length & command to verify the approximate length & width of your border.width of your border.

Use the Use the SCALESCALE command to double the size of your command to double the size of your rectangle as shown in rectangle as shown in BB. Then verify the dimensions using . Then verify the dimensions using the the DISTDIST command. command.

7 ½”7 ½”

10”10”

20”20”

15”15”BBAA

End Lesson 12End Lesson 12


One more time…CAD drawings are always created full size!One more time…CAD drawings are always created full size!

That means: That means: Full ScaleFull Scale, , Full SizeFull Size, , 1:11:1, , 12”=1’12”=1’, etc., etc.

However, to put your full size drawing on a sheet of paper However, to put your full size drawing on a sheet of paper requires scaling… requires scaling… As Part of Your Plot RoutineAs Part of Your Plot Routine!!

General procedure for scaling a plot is the same regardless General procedure for scaling a plot is the same regardless of drawing type, however there are slight differences for of drawing type, however there are slight differences for each of the following;each of the following; Machine drawings in English UnitsMachine drawings in English Units Machine drawings in Metric UnitsMachine drawings in Metric Units Architectural drawingsArchitectural drawings

Scaling – English Units - MachineScaling – English Units - Machine

Method for ScalingMethod for Scaling:: - The following method is the easiest I know.- The following method is the easiest I know.

Step 1Step 1:: Start a new drawing using Start a new drawing using Start from ScratchStart from Scratch with with ImperialImperial units. units. Create your drawing Create your drawing Full SizeFull Size using as many views as required. using as many views as required.

Step 2Step 2:: Determine sheet size to use. Varies according to; Determine sheet size to use. Varies according to;

Assigment instructions Assigment instructions Physical size of partPhysical size of part

Amount of detail on part Amount of detail on part Company standards Company standards

Paper/plotter availability Paper/plotter availability Etc. Etc.

LetterLetter SheetSheet sizesize sizesize

AA 8.5 x 118.5 x 11

BB 11 x 1711 x 17

CC 17 x 2217 x 22

DD 22 x 3422 x 34

EE 34 x 4434 x 44

U.S. StandardU.S. Standard (in) (in)

BTC uses BTC uses U.S. StandardU.S. Standard lettered sheet sizes for lettered sheet sizes for all plots including all plots including metricmetric

LetterLetter Sheet Sheet sizesize sizesize

A4A4 210 x 297210 x 297

A3A3 297 x 420 297 x 420

A2A2 420 x 594420 x 594

A1A1 594 x 841594 x 841

A0A0 841 x 1189841 x 1189

InternationalInternational (mm) (mm)


Step 3Step 3:: In your drawing, generate a rectangular In your drawing, generate a rectangular BorderBorder with with dimensions equal to that of the Standard BTC title block border.dimensions equal to that of the Standard BTC title block border.

BTC uses ½” border margins, so BTC uses ½” border margins, so BorderBorder dimensions will be 1” dimensions will be 1” smaller than sheet size. smaller than sheet size.

10.00

7.50Rectangle Border Dim:Rectangle Border Dim:SizeSize A-SizeA-Size B-SizeB-Size

SheetSheet 8½ x 118½ x 11 11 x 1711 x 17

BorderBorder 7½ x 107½ x 10 10 x 1610 x 16


Step 4Step 4: : Estimate the Estimate the Plot ScalePlot Scale.. All plots must conform to a standard scale. All plots must conform to a standard scale. The following are some standard plot scales for an English The following are some standard plot scales for an English

(inch) machine drawing – remember this from drafting?(inch) machine drawing – remember this from drafting? Use Use DISTDIST to measure the length & width of your drawing. Then to measure the length & width of your drawing. Then

select a scale you think will fit the objects within the border.select a scale you think will fit the objects within the border.

Some Standard Engineering Scales.

1:16 reduction 1:10 reduction 1:8 reduction 1:4 reduction 1:2 reduction 1:1 full scale 2:1 enlargement 4:1 enlargement

10:1 enlargement

10.00

7.50

1515

1212


Step 4 ContinuedStep 4 Continued:: Estimate the Estimate the Plot ScalePlot Scale.. If you forget the standard plot scales you can refer to the If you forget the standard plot scales you can refer to the

standard scales in the AutoCAD plot dialog box.standard scales in the AutoCAD plot dialog box. Choose a plot scale that would reduce/enlarge your model so Choose a plot scale that would reduce/enlarge your model so

it fits within the full size border rectangle. Or start by choosing it fits within the full size border rectangle. Or start by choosing a plot scale closest to 1:1, either a plot scale closest to 1:1, either 1:21:2 to reduce the drawing or to reduce the drawing or 2:12:1 to enlarge the drawing. to enlarge the drawing.




10:1 enlargement

Example:Example:Plot ScalePlot Scale is is 1:21:2Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = = 0.50.5

Example:Example:Plot ScalePlot Scale is is 4:14:1Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = = 44

• Plot ScalePlot Scale written written A:BA:B• Plot Scale Factor Plot Scale Factor isis A / B A / B

Step 5Step 5:: Determine the Determine the Plot Scale Factor Plot Scale Factor .. Based on the Based on the Plot ScalePlot Scale you selected, calculate the you selected, calculate the

Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor – remember this from drafting? – remember this from drafting?


10.00

7.50

20.00

15.00

Step 6Step 6:: Scale the border rectangle. Scale the border rectangle. Use the Use the SCALESCALE command to scale the border rectangle by the command to scale the border rectangle by the

inverseinverse of your of your Plot ScalePlot Scale FactorFactor. . Use the Use the MOVEMOVE command to center the border around the drawing command to center the border around the drawing

objects and see if sizing is acceptable.objects and see if sizing is acceptable.

The drawing objects should The drawing objects should fill the border but allow a fill the border but allow a margin (i.e. at least ½” gap margin (i.e. at least ½” gap between border and objects between border and objects on all sides).on all sides).

If border sizing is correct If border sizing is correct you are ready to plot, skip you are ready to plot, skip to to Step 9Step 9. Otherwise . Otherwise continue.continue.

Original Border

Scaled Border 2X Original

Plot Scale = 1:2PSF = 1/2


Step 7Step 7:: If border sizing is unacceptable, the If border sizing is unacceptable, the Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor must be recalculated: must be recalculated:

Choose the next closest Choose the next closest Plot ScalePlot Scale to 1:1 to 1:1 A:B = 1:4A:B = 1:4 or or A:B = 4:1A:B = 4:1

If the border must be increased:If the border must be increased: Choose plot scale Choose plot scale A:B = 1:4A:B = 1:4 The The Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = A / B = = A / B = 1/41/4

If the border must be reduced:If the border must be reduced: Choose plot scale Choose plot scale A:B = 4:1A:B = 4:1 The The Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = A / B = = A / B = 44


Step 8Step 8:: Re-Scale the border using the inverse of the Re-Scale the border using the inverse of the newnew Plot Plot Scale FactorScale Factor. Then test to see if sizing is acceptable.. Then test to see if sizing is acceptable.

Before re-scaling, the border must be returned to its Before re-scaling, the border must be returned to its original size:original size: SizeSize A-SizeA-Size B-SizeB-Size

SheetSheet 8½ x 118½ x 11 11 x 1711 x 17


Use Use SCALESCALE command or command or Redraw original border rectangleRedraw original border rectangle

The drawing objects should fill the border but allow a margin The drawing objects should fill the border but allow a margin (i.e. at least ½” gap between border and objects on all sides).(i.e. at least ½” gap between border and objects on all sides).

If border sizing is correct you are ready to plot, continue to If border sizing is correct you are ready to plot, continue to Step 9Step 9. Otherwise, return to . Otherwise, return to Step 7Step 7 and repeat the procedure and repeat the procedure again using the next closest plot scale to 1:1.again using the next closest plot scale to 1:1.


Step 9Step 9:: Plot the drawing. Plot the drawing. The scaled border should be centered about your drawing.The scaled border should be centered about your drawing. Issue the Issue the PLOTPLOT command command Select a printer and the sheet size determined earlier.Select a printer and the sheet size determined earlier.

What to Plot:What to Plot: Choose Choose WindowWindow, then select diagonal , then select diagonal corners on your border rectangle.corners on your border rectangle.

Plot Offset:Plot Offset: Check Check the the Center the PlotCenter the Plot box box

Plot Scale:Plot Scale: Uncheck Uncheck Fit to PaperFit to Paper box, then choose the box, then choose the Plot ScalePlot Scale ((PSPS) determined earlier.) determined earlier.

Plot Style :Plot Style : Choose Choose MonochromeMonochrome

DODO NOTNOT click click OKOK until results are verified with until results are verified with PreviewPreview button. button. Retrieve your plot and Retrieve your plot and Write the Plot Scale on the SheetWrite the Plot Scale on the Sheet!!!!!!


Step 9Step 9:: Plot the drawing. Plot the drawing.


Essence of Scaling ProcedureEssence of Scaling Procedure:: In essence, we are using the the border as a In essence, we are using the the border as a ScalingScaling GageGage to to

determine which standard plot scale makes our full size determine which standard plot scale makes our full size drawing fit onto the selected sheet size.drawing fit onto the selected sheet size.

The original border size is designed to fit the physical paper The original border size is designed to fit the physical paper sheet.sheet.

In the drawing, we scale the border with the In the drawing, we scale the border with the SCALESCALE command to fit the full size drawing using the command to fit the full size drawing using the inverseinverse of a of a standard standard Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor. .

If the border fits, then the drawing is plotted at the selected If the border fits, then the drawing is plotted at the selected Plot ScalePlot Scale and the border is scaled back down by the and the border is scaled back down by the Plot Plot Scale FactorScale Factor in the plot routine, returning to its original size. in the plot routine, returning to its original size.


Essence of Scaling ProcedureEssence of Scaling Procedure::


Scale border in drawing to fit full size Scale border in drawing to fit full size objects objects Use Use SCALESCALE command at command at 1/1/Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor

Original border (10x7½)Original border (10x7½)Designed to fit 11x8½ sheetDesigned to fit 11x8½ sheet

Re-Scale border & object by Re-Scale border & object by plotting plotting Use Use PLOTPLOT command command at at Plot Scale Factor Plot Scale Factor -- returns returns border to original sizeborder to original size

DEMO – English Plot Scale DEMO – English Plot Scale

Load file Load file English Scale Demo.dwgEnglish Scale Demo.dwg.. Show use of Show use of DISTDIST command. command. Show methods for plotting to scale.Show methods for plotting to scale.

Exercise 4A:Exercise 4A:

Create and plot the following drawing to scale (see steps 1-9). Create and plot the following drawing to scale (see steps 1-9).

Step 1:Step 1: Make the drawing using English units.Make the drawing using English units.

Step 2:Step 2: Assume sheet will be A-size. Assume sheet will be A-size.

Step 3:Step 3: Draw a border rectangle.Draw a border rectangle. Step 4:Step 4: Estimate the Estimate the Plot ScalePlot Scale..

Step 5&6:Step 5&6: Determine the Determine the Plot Plot Scale Factor Scale Factor & scale the border.& scale the border.

Step 7&8:Step 7&8: If necessary, repeatedly If necessary, repeatedly recalculate recalculate Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor & & re-scale border.re-scale border.

Step 9:Step 9: Plot your drawing to the Plot your drawing to the appropriate scale and appropriate scale and Write the Write the Scale on Your Plot!Scale on Your Plot!

Step 10:Step 10: Verify your plot size by Verify your plot size by measuring with a ruler.measuring with a ruler.

31.00

15.50

21.00

10.50




Next we look at the difference for aNext we look at the difference for a Machine drawing in Machine drawing in Metric UnitsMetric Units..

Scaling – Metric UnitsScaling – Metric Units

Step 1Step 1:: Start a new drawing using Start a new drawing using Start from ScratchStart from Scratch with with MetricMetric units. units. Create your drawing Create your drawing Full SizeFull Size..

Step 2Step 2:: Determine sheet size to use. Varies according to; Determine sheet size to use. Varies according to;

Assigment instructions Assigment instructions Physical size of partPhysical size of part

Amount of detail on part Amount of detail on part Company standards Company standards

Paper/plotter availability Paper/plotter availability Etc. Etc.


LetterLetter SheetSheet sizesize sizesize

AA 8.5 x 118.5 x 11

BB 11 x 1711 x 17

CC 17 x 2217 x 22

DD 22 x 3422 x 34

EE 34 x 4434 x 44

U.S. StandardU.S. Standard (in) (in)

BTC uses BTC uses U.S. StandardU.S. Standard lettered sheet sizes for lettered sheet sizes for all plots including all plots including metricmetric..

LetterLetter Sheet Sheet sizesize sizesize

A4A4 210 x 297210 x 297

A3A3 297 x 420 297 x 420

A2A2 420 x 594420 x 594

A1A1 594 x 841594 x 841

A0A0 841 x 1189841 x 1189

InternationalInternational (mm) (mm)

Step 3Step 3:: In your drawing, generate a rectangular In your drawing, generate a rectangular BorderBorder with with dimensions equal to that of the Standard BTC title block border.dimensions equal to that of the Standard BTC title block border.

Since you are working in Since you are working in mmmm, the border size must be , the border size must be converted to converted to mmmm (1 inch = 25.4 mm). (1 inch = 25.4 mm).

BTC uses ½” border margins, so BTC uses ½” border margins, so BorderBorder dimensions will be 1” dimensions will be 1” smaller than sheet size smaller than sheet size But in mm!But in mm!


Rectangle Border Dim:Rectangle Border Dim:

SizeSizeA-Size A-Size

8½” x 11”8½” x 11”

B-SizeB-Size

11” x 17”11” x 17”

EnglishEnglish

BorderBorder10” x 7.5”10” x 7.5” 16” x 10”16” x 10”

MetricMetric

BorderBorder

190.5 x 254190.5 x 254

(mm)(mm)

254 x 406.4254 x 406.4

(mm)(mm)

254.00

190.50

Step 4Step 4:: Estimate the Estimate the Plot ScalePlot Scale same as for English drawing. same as for English drawing.

Step 5Step 5:: Determine the Determine the Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor same as for English same as for English drawing. drawing.

Step 6Step 6:: Scale the border rectangle by the inverse of the Scale the border rectangle by the inverse of the Plot Plot Scale FactorScale Factor same as for English drawing. same as for English drawing.

Step 7Step 7:: If border scaling is incorrect, the If border scaling is incorrect, the Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor must must be recalculated be recalculated same as for English drawing. same as for English drawing.

Step 8Step 8:: Re-Scale the border using the inverse of the Re-Scale the border using the inverse of the newnew Plot Plot Scale FactorScale Factor. Then test to see if sizing is acceptable. . Then test to see if sizing is acceptable. same same as for English drawing. as for English drawing.



Step 9Step 9:: Plot the drawing same as for an English drawing except for Plot the drawing same as for an English drawing except for the following:the following:

The sheet size may default to a metric sheet, but select a The sheet size may default to a metric sheet, but select a U.S. U.S. standard Letter sheet sizestandard Letter sheet size (i.e. A-size: Letter or B-size: 11 x 17). (i.e. A-size: Letter or B-size: 11 x 17).

BEFOREBEFORE setting the plot scale, use the down arrow to select mm setting the plot scale, use the down arrow to select mm rather than inches. Then select the plot scale (i.e. 1:4).rather than inches. Then select the plot scale (i.e. 1:4).

The dialog box should then show The dialog box should then show 1 mm = 4 units1 mm = 4 units which is correct! which is correct!

First: Select mm unitsFirst: Select mm units Then: Set plot scaleThen: Set plot scale

DEMO – Metric Plot Scale DEMO – Metric Plot Scale

Load file Load file Metric Scale Demo.dwgMetric Scale Demo.dwg.. Show methods for plotting to scale.Show methods for plotting to scale.

Exercise 4B:Exercise 4B:


267

134

394

198

Step 1:Step 1: Make the drawing using Metric units.Make the drawing using Metric units.



Step 5&6:Step 5&6: Determine the Determine the Plot Plot Scale Factor Scale Factor & scale the border.& scale the border.



Step 10:Step 10: Verify your plot size by Verify your plot size by measuring with a ruler.measuring with a ruler.



Next we look at the difference for anNext we look at the difference for an Architectural DrawingArchitectural Drawing..

Scaling – Architectural UnitsScaling – Architectural Units

Step 1Step 1:: Start new drawing using Start new drawing using Start from ScratchStart from Scratch with with ImperialImperial units. units. Change your Units to Architectural format.Change your Units to Architectural format. Create your drawing Create your drawing Full SizeFull Size..

Step 2Step 2:: Determine sheet size to use. Determine sheet size to use. Same as for English Machine drawing.Same as for English Machine drawing.

Step 3Step 3:: In your drawing, generate a rectangular In your drawing, generate a rectangular BorderBorder with with dimensions equal to that of the Standard BTC title block dimensions equal to that of the Standard BTC title block border.border.

Same as for English Machine drawing.Same as for English Machine drawing.

Scaling – Architectural UnitsScaling – Architectural Units

SizeSize A-SizeA-Size B-SizeB-Size

SheetSheet 8½ x 118½ x 11 11 x 1711 x 17


Step 4Step 4: : Estimate the Estimate the Plot ScalePlot Scale.. Architectural drawings must conform to a standard Architectural drawings must conform to a standard ArchitecturalArchitectural

scale. scale. Below are some standard Architectural plot scales.Below are some standard Architectural plot scales. Use Use DISTDIST to measure the length & width of your drawing. Then to measure the length & width of your drawing. Then

select a scale you think will fit the objects within the border.select a scale you think will fit the objects within the border.

Scaling – English UnitsScaling – English Units

Some Standard Architectural Scales.

1/16” = 1’-0 reduction 3/32” = 1’-0 reduction 1/8” = 1’-0 reduction

3/16” = 1’-0 reduction 1/4” = 1’-0 reduction 3/8” = 1’-0 reduction 1/2” = 1’-0 reduction 3/4” = 1’-0 reduction 1” = 1’-0 reduction

1 ½” = 1’-0 reduction 2” = 1’-0 reduction 3” = 1’-0 reduction

31’-0”31’-0”

21’-0”21’-0”

Step 4 ContinuedStep 4 Continued:: Estimate the Estimate the Plot ScalePlot Scale.. If you forget the standard plot scales you can refer to the If you forget the standard plot scales you can refer to the

standard scales in the AutoCAD plot dialog box.standard scales in the AutoCAD plot dialog box. Guesstimate a plot scale that would reduce your model to fit Guesstimate a plot scale that would reduce your model to fit

within the full size border rectangle. within the full size border rectangle.



Example: Example: Plot ScalePlot Scale is is 1/64” = 1’-0”1/64” = 1’-0”Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = (1/64) / 12 = (1/64) / 12Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = 1 / 768 = 1 / 768


Step 5Step 5:: Determine the Determine the Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor.. Based on the Based on the Plot ScalePlot Scale you selected, calculate the you selected, calculate the

Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor..

Example: Example: Plot ScalePlot Scale is is ¼” = 1’-0”¼” = 1’-0”Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = = (¼)/12(¼)/12 Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = = 1/481/48

Step 6Step 6:: Scale the border rectangle by the inverse of the Scale the border rectangle by the inverse of the Plot Plot Scale FactorScale Factor same as for English Machine drawing. same as for English Machine drawing.

Step 7Step 7:: If border scaling is incorrect, the If border scaling is incorrect, the Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor must must be recalculated be recalculated same as for English Machine drawing. same as for English Machine drawing.

Step 8Step 8:: Re-Scale the border using the inverse of the Re-Scale the border using the inverse of the newnew Plot Plot Scale FactorScale Factor. Then test to see if sizing is acceptable . Then test to see if sizing is acceptable same same as for English Machine drawing.as for English Machine drawing.

Step 9Step 9:: Plot the drawing same as for English Machine drawing Plot the drawing same as for English Machine drawing except choose the appropriate Architectural Scale in the form;except choose the appropriate Architectural Scale in the form;

A” = 1’-0”A” = 1’-0”


DEMO – Architectural Plot Scale DEMO – Architectural Plot Scale

Load file Load file Arch Scale Demo.dwgArch Scale Demo.dwg.. Show setting Show setting UNITSUNITS.. Show methods for plotting to scale.Show methods for plotting to scale.

Exercise 4B:Exercise 4B:


267

134

394

198

Step 1:Step 1: Make the drawing using Architectural units.Make the drawing using Architectural units.



Step 5&6:Step 5&6: Determine the Determine the Plot Scale Plot Scale Factor Factor & scale the border.& scale the border.



Step 10:Step 10: Verify plot size by measuring Verify plot size by measuring with architectural scale.with architectural scale.


LayersLayers

What are Layers?What are Layers? Layers are like overlaid Layers are like overlaid

sheets of transparent paper.sheets of transparent paper. Each sheet may contain a Each sheet may contain a

different style of line with different style of line with distinct color, line type, and distinct color, line type, and thickness.thickness.

The sheets are perfectly The sheets are perfectly aligned and each is given a aligned and each is given a name.name.

Individual layers can be Individual layers can be turned on or off. When they turned on or off. When they are all on, the entire drawing are all on, the entire drawing is visible.is visible.

DEMO:DEMO:

Show General Use of Layers.Show General Use of Layers. Show example using transparent overlay.Show example using transparent overlay. Open file Open file Demo 1.dwgDemo 1.dwg

Show example in AutoCADShow example in AutoCAD

LayersLayers

Why Use Layers?Why Use Layers? Each layer can be assigned a different color, linetype, and line Each layer can be assigned a different color, linetype, and line

width width helps visibility and clarifies the drawing for you. helps visibility and clarifies the drawing for you. It is important to keep different line styles on different layers It is important to keep different line styles on different layers

Alphabet of LinesAlphabet of Lines (i.e. object, hidden lines, dimensions, etc). (i.e. object, hidden lines, dimensions, etc). Layers help organize the drawing into manageable pieces.Layers help organize the drawing into manageable pieces. Layers can be turned on & off. Layers can be turned on & off.

You can work on just the layer of interest.You can work on just the layer of interest. Use as a selection tool for editing operations.Use as a selection tool for editing operations. Plot only desired portions of drawing.Plot only desired portions of drawing.

Layers can be locked to prevent accidental editing.Layers can be locked to prevent accidental editing.

LayersLayers

Creating Layers Creating Layers – several ways to create layers. Each brings – several ways to create layers. Each brings up the up the Layers Properties Manager Layers Properties Manager dialogue box.dialogue box.

Command:Command: LALAYERYER DD Menu:DD Menu: Format > Layer…Format > Layer… Toolbar:Toolbar: Layers ToolbarLayers Toolbar

LayersLayers

Layers Property Manager Dialogue BoxLayers Property Manager Dialogue Box..

Exercise 5:Exercise 5:

Turn on the Turn on the LayersLayers Toolbar and embed below Toolbar and embed below the the StandardStandard Toolbar. Toolbar.

Keep this in your menu…you will use it often.Keep this in your menu…you will use it often.

LayersLayers

Things we need to learn about layers:Things we need to learn about layers: Creating a new layer.Creating a new layer.

A set-up routine which creates a new layer and A set-up routine which creates a new layer and provides a name to it.provides a name to it.

Assigning properties to a layer.Assigning properties to a layer. Line typeLine type ColorColor Line weightLine weight

Make a layer current (active).Make a layer current (active). All drawn entities are drawn on the current active layer.All drawn entities are drawn on the current active layer. The lines comprising the object inherit the properties of The lines comprising the object inherit the properties of

the current layer.the current layer. Display of layers.Display of layers.

LayersLayersCreating a new layer:Creating a new layer: Use Use Layer Properties ManagerLayer Properties Manager – access from – access from Layers ToolbarLayers Toolbar

or or LALAYERSYERS command. command. Select Select New LayerNew Layer button and provide a name. button and provide a name. Properties of new layer are inherited from the 0-layer or a Properties of new layer are inherited from the 0-layer or a

highlighted layer. highlighted layer. Name easily edited.Name easily edited.

To Delete a layerTo Delete a layer

New Layer ButtonNew Layer Button

DEMO:DEMO:

Open a new fileOpen a new file Show default layer (Show default layer (00))

Open file Open file Demo 1.dwgDemo 1.dwg.. Show Creating a New Layer. Show Creating a New Layer. Show how new layer inherits properties from Show how new layer inherits properties from

highlighted layer.highlighted layer. Show renaming layer. Show renaming layer.

Open file Open file Demo 2.dwgDemo 2.dwg.. Show default layers (Show default layers (00, , DEFPOINTSDEFPOINTS)) Create standard layer names.Create standard layer names.

LayersLayersAssigning Layer Properties:Assigning Layer Properties: ColorColor - use BTC std. - use BTC std. Line typeLine type - use BTC std. - use BTC std. Line weightLine weight - use BTC std. - use BTC std.

Object Lines = 0.7”Object Lines = 0.7” Other Lines = 0.35”Other Lines = 0.35”

DEMO:DEMO:

Show Assigning Layer Properties.Show Assigning Layer Properties. Open file Open file Demo 2.dwgDemo 2.dwg.. LinetypeLinetype Line ColorLine Color Line WeightLine Weight

LayersLayers

Make Layer Current:Make Layer Current: Layer Properties ManagerLayer Properties Manager

ButtonButton Double-click nameDouble-click name

Layer Control drop down Layer Control drop down box – select namebox – select name

LayersLayersMoving Objects Between Layers:Moving Objects Between Layers: Objects can be moved to a different layer;Objects can be moved to a different layer;

Select objects in the graphics window.Select objects in the graphics window. Select layer name in the Layer Control drop down.Select layer name in the Layer Control drop down. Selected objects will be moved to layer name selected.Selected objects will be moved to layer name selected.

Select Select Layer Layer NameName

Objects moved to Objects moved to selected layer nameselected layer name

DEMODEMO

Show Moving Objects Between Layers. Show Moving Objects Between Layers. Open file Open file Demo 2.dwgDemo 2.dwg.. Current Layer:Current Layer:

Make layer currentMake layer current Create objects on layerCreate objects on layer

Move objects to correct layers.Move objects to correct layers.

LayersLayers

Controlling Layer Display:Controlling Layer Display: Layer Properties ManagerLayer Properties Manager Layer control Drop Down Box.Layer control Drop Down Box.

On/Off On/Off

Freeze/ThawFreeze/ThawAll VP All VP Current VP Freeze/ThawCurrent VP Freeze/Thaw

Lock/UnlockLock/Unlock

Plot/No Plot Plot/No Plot – use Layer – use Layer Properties ManagerProperties Manager

DEMODEMO

Making Layers Current and Display OptionsMaking Layers Current and Display Options Open file Open file Demo 2.dwgDemo 2.dwg.. Display Options:Display Options:

On/OffOn/Off Freeze/ThawFreeze/Thaw Lock/UnlockLock/Unlock Plot/No PlotPlot/No Plot

LayersLayers Most companies use standard layers that all employees and Most companies use standard layers that all employees and

vendors are required to adhere to. vendors are required to adhere to. This makes drawings interchangable and easy to decipher.This makes drawings interchangable and easy to decipher. Likewise, BTC has its own standardsLikewise, BTC has its own standards to be used on ALL to be used on ALL

assignments as followsassignments as follows::

Layer Name Line Type Color Line Weight CENTER Center line Yellow 0.35 mm CONSTRUCT Continuous Grey Default HIDDEN Hidden line Red 0.35 mm OBJECT Continuous White 0.7 mm PHANTOM Phantom Blue 0.35 mm

Exercise 6:Exercise 6: Set up the necessary layers for the drawing shown. Include Set up the necessary layers for the drawing shown. Include

line weights (thickness) according to alphabet of lines.line weights (thickness) according to alphabet of lines. Red lines - Hidden lines - 0.35 mm.Red lines - Hidden lines - 0.35 mm. White lines - Object (visible) lines – 0.7 mm.White lines - Object (visible) lines – 0.7 mm. Yellow lines – Centerlines – 0.35 mm.Yellow lines – Centerlines – 0.35 mm. Complete the drawing.Complete the drawing.

Don’t Draw DimensionsDon’t Draw Dimensions

2.0

4.0

0.5

Grid Spacing = 1.0Grid Spacing = 1.0


Setting LimitsSetting Limits

Limits:Limits: - used to define the extent of the drawing area.- used to define the extent of the drawing area. Command: Command: LIMITSLIMITS

Reset Model space limits:Reset Model space limits:Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>:Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>:

The limits command is used in 2 ways;The limits command is used in 2 ways; It defines the extent of the grid pattern activated by the It defines the extent of the grid pattern activated by the

GRIDGRID command. command. It determines the minimum area displayed by the It determines the minimum area displayed by the ZOOMZOOM

command with the command with the ALLALL option. option.


Effective use of Limits: Effective use of Limits: If you draw objects larger than your Limits, the zoom If you draw objects larger than your Limits, the zoom

function is likely to freeze-up. You can correct this;function is likely to freeze-up. You can correct this; Reset your limits to a value larger than your largest Reset your limits to a value larger than your largest

expected object.expected object. Issue Issue ZOOMZOOM > > ALLALL, this will zoom to your Limits or the , this will zoom to your Limits or the

current extent of your drawing (whichever is larger).current extent of your drawing (whichever is larger).

Limits can be reset at any time. If your drawing size Limits can be reset at any time. If your drawing size increases, increase your limits to accommodate the new increases, increase your limits to accommodate the new size.size.


Once your limits are set, the Once your limits are set, the GRIDGRID command can be used command can be used to view the limits. Grid can be activated in several ways;to view the limits. Grid can be activated in several ways; Command:Command: GRIDGRID Use the Use the [F7][F7] key as a Grid Toggle key as a Grid Toggle Use the Use the [GRID][GRID] Toggle button in the status bar menu Toggle button in the status bar menu

(bottom of screen).(bottom of screen).

Once the grid is activated, you should Once the grid is activated, you should ZOOMZOOM > > ALLALL to be to be sure the entire limits of the screen are displayed.sure the entire limits of the screen are displayed.

DEMO – LimitsDEMO – Limits DEMO – Grid SpacingDEMO – Grid Spacing

DD Menu:DD Menu: Tools > Drafting SettingsTools > Drafting Settings Command:Command: GRIDGRID [GRID] [GRID] toggletoggle [F7][F7] keykey Right Click Right Click [GRID] [GRID] Settings…Settings…

DEMO – SnapDEMO – Snap DD Menu:DD Menu: Tools > Drafting SettingsTools > Drafting Settings Command:Command: SNAPSNAP [SNAP] [SNAP] toggletoggle [F9][F9] keykey Right Click Right Click [SNAP] [SNAP] Settings…Settings…

DEMO – GRID & SNAPDEMO – GRID & SNAP

Exercise 7:Exercise 7: Draw the following using Draw the following using ONLYONLY snap and grid (no direct snap and grid (no direct

coordinate inputs allowed).coordinate inputs allowed). If you finish If you finish

early, create an early, create an OBJECT layer & OBJECT layer & CENTERLINE CENTERLINE layer. Move all layer. Move all lines to the lines to the Object layer, and Object layer, and then create then create centerlines on centerlines on the CENTER the CENTER layer.layer.

Origin (0,0)Origin (0,0)

DEMO – Ortho ModeDEMO – Ortho Mode Command:Command: ORTHOORTHO [ORTHO][ORTHO] [F8][F8] keykey

DEMO – ORTHO MODEDEMO – ORTHO MODE

Origin (0,0)Origin (0,0)

21' 15'

9'-6" 9'-6"

3'

3'

8'

31'

Exercise 8:Exercise 8: Set your Units and Limits. Then draw the following using Set your Units and Limits. Then draw the following using

Ortho Mode and direct distance input. Wall thickness = 1’Ortho Mode and direct distance input. Wall thickness = 1’

Object SnapObject Snap Object SnapObject Snap – a method for “ – a method for “snappingsnapping” to points on ” to points on

previously defined geometry.previously defined geometry. 3 methods to activate Object Snap “3 methods to activate Object Snap “on the flyon the fly”.”.

Select from Object Snap Toolbar.Select from Object Snap Toolbar. Type in Object Snap name abbreviation.Type in Object Snap name abbreviation. Hold Hold [Shift][Shift] or or [Ctrl][Ctrl] and right click mouse for shortcut. and right click mouse for shortcut.

Object Object Snap Tool Snap Tool BarBarHurray! Finally Hurray! Finally

something something Really useful!Really useful!


Turn on the Object Snap Toolbar and embed it in a Turn on the Object Snap Toolbar and embed it in a convenient place in the menu.convenient place in the menu.

Keep this in your menu…you will use it often.Keep this in your menu…you will use it often.

Object SnapObject Snap

Snap to Snap to ENDENDpointpoint – snaps to – snaps to nearest endpoint of a line or arc.nearest endpoint of a line or arc.

Tip:Tip: Use Use Tool TipsTool Tips to to determine name of each determine name of each icon.icon.


Snap to Snap to NEANEArestrest – snaps to a point on – snaps to a point on an object (line, circle, etc.) closest to the an object (line, circle, etc.) closest to the cursor crosshair. cursor crosshair.



Snap to Snap to MIDMIDpointpoint – snaps to – snaps to midpoint of a line or arc.midpoint of a line or arc.


Snap to Mid Between 2 PointsSnap to Mid Between 2 Points ((MTPMTP) ) – Snaps – Snaps to midpoint between 2 selected points. to midpoint between 2 selected points. Not available on toolbar.Not available on toolbar. Requires multiple snap selection to select Requires multiple snap selection to select

points to snap between.points to snap between.

2) End Point Snap2) End Point Snap 3) End Point Snap3) End Point Snap

1) Choose Mid 1) Choose Mid Between 2 Between 2 PointsPoints

Exercise 10:Exercise 10: Create a new layer using default linetype and color yellow.Create a new layer using default linetype and color yellow. Create the yellow objects Create the yellow objects approximatelyapproximately as shown. as shown. Create a new layer using default linetype and color magenta.Create a new layer using default linetype and color magenta. Use Osnap to create the magenta lines.Use Osnap to create the magenta lines.

ENDEND

MIDMID

MIDMID

ENDEND

ENDEND

NEANEA

NEANEA

MIDMID

Move the yellow line Move the yellow line such that its midpoint is such that its midpoint is located half way located half way between the arc between the arc endpoints (Hint: use endpoints (Hint: use Mid Between 2 Points).Mid Between 2 Points).


Snap to Snap to TANTANgentgent – snaps to tangent – snaps to tangent of circle, arc or ellipse.of circle, arc or ellipse.


Snap to Snap to CENCENterter – snaps to – snaps to center of circle, arc or ellipse.center of circle, arc or ellipse.


Snap to Snap to INTINTersectionersection – snaps to – snaps to intersection or extended intersection of intersection or extended intersection of 2 objects.2 objects.


Snap to Snap to APPAPPArent IntersectionArent Intersection – used – used for 3D applications - snaps to the for 3D applications - snaps to the apparent extended intersection point of apparent extended intersection point of 2 selected entities which don’t actually 2 selected entities which don’t actually intersect (different Z-coordinates).intersect (different Z-coordinates).

Recommend Recommend you do not you do not use this use this option!option!


Snap to Snap to QUAQUAdrantdrant – snaps to – snaps to quadrant point of circle, arc, or ellipse.quadrant point of circle, arc, or ellipse.


Snap to Snap to PERPERpendicularpendicular – snaps – snaps normal to a line or radially to an arc normal to a line or radially to an arc or circle.or circle.

Exercise 11:Exercise 11: Draw the two circles first, the remaining white objects next, and Draw the two circles first, the remaining white objects next, and

the blue lines last. Use the Object Snaps indicated. the blue lines last. Use the Object Snaps indicated.

Grid spacing = 1”.Grid spacing = 1”.

arc

radiu

s

arc

radiu

s

arc

radiu

sarc

radiu

s


Snap to Snap to NODNODee – snaps to a Point – snaps to a Point object.object.


Snap to Snap to INSINSertionertion – snaps to the – snaps to the insertion point of a Block, Text, insertion point of a Block, Text, Shape, or Attribute.Shape, or Attribute.


Snap Snap FROFROmm – locates a point offset – locates a point offset from a selected point. Offset must from a selected point. Offset must be specified by keyboard entry.be specified by keyboard entry.


Snap Snap PARPARallelallel – assures line is – assures line is drawn parallel to selected object. drawn parallel to selected object. Briefly pause curser on line, then Briefly pause curser on line, then move cursor into parallel position.move cursor into parallel position.



Snap Snap EXTEXTension ension – locates a point on – locates a point on the extension path of a line or arc. the extension path of a line or arc. Briefly pause curser on end of object to Briefly pause curser on end of object to extend then move cursor into aligned extend then move cursor into aligned position.position.

Acquire multiple Acquire multiple extensions to extensions to snap to the snap to the intersection of 2 intersection of 2 extension paths.extension paths.


Snap Temporary Snap Temporary TRACKTRACKing ing – locates a point by temporary – locates a point by temporary perpendicular tracking from a selected point. The X and Y perpendicular tracking from a selected point. The X and Y coordinates from separate points can be acquired by coordinates from separate points can be acquired by successive selection of Temporary Tracking.successive selection of Temporary Tracking.


Create the lines shown using keyboard entry and the Create the lines shown using keyboard entry and the coordinates provided.coordinates provided.

(0,0) (2,0)

(0,4)

(2,5) (4,5)

(2,3) (4,3)

(6,4)

(6,0)


Complete the green lines using Complete the green lines using ONLYONLY Osnap. No Osnap. No keyboard entry, no Ortho, no nothing else! (Hint: keyboard entry, no Ortho, no nothing else! (Hint: temporary tracking is required).temporary tracking is required).

MidMid

MidMid MidMid

MidMid

perperperper

MidMid

perper

Running Object SnapRunning Object Snap Running Object Snap – Running Object Snap – maintains activation of selected Osnaps. maintains activation of selected Osnaps.

Command:Command: OSNAPOSNAP DDMenu:DDMenu: Tools > Drafting Setting…Tools > Drafting Setting… Right click on Right click on [OSNAP][OSNAP]

Just what you’ve

Just what you’ve

been waiting for!!!

been waiting for!!!

Running Object SnapRunning Object Snap

Subtleties of Running Object Snap:Subtleties of Running Object Snap: Toggled on/off by Toggled on/off by [F3][F3] or or [OSNAP][OSNAP].. An Osnap selected from the An Osnap selected from the toolbartoolbar, ,

shortcut menushortcut menu, or , or typed abbreviationtyped abbreviation will over-ride all running Osnap will over-ride all running Osnap settings.settings.

[Tab][Tab] key allows cycling through key allows cycling through running Osnap selections if more running Osnap selections if more than one is activating.than one is activating.

Zooming will “Zooming will “refreshrefresh” all osnap ” all osnap selections and tracking patterns.selections and tracking patterns.

Selecting too many Osnaps can cause confusion. Be Selecting too many Osnaps can cause confusion. Be selective and avoid selective and avoid Apparent IntersectionApparent Intersection. .

Auto-TrackingAuto-Tracking Q:Q: What is Auto-Tracking?What is Auto-Tracking? A:A: Method for locating points using temporarily displayed Method for locating points using temporarily displayed

alignment paths based on set angles or positional alignment paths based on set angles or positional relationship with selected objects. relationship with selected objects.

Two Types:Two Types: Polar TrackingPolar Tracking – displays temporary alignment paths along – displays temporary alignment paths along

angles that you specify. Angles are referenced from x-axis angles that you specify. Angles are referenced from x-axis or from orientation of line (i.e. if an inclined line is selected or from orientation of line (i.e. if an inclined line is selected by object snap, the angles can be referenced with respect by object snap, the angles can be referenced with respect to the inclined line).to the inclined line).

Object Snap TrackingObject Snap Tracking – displays temporary alignment – displays temporary alignment paths along paths along axes from selected points. Points are axes from selected points. Points are ““acquiredacquired” by passing the cursor over the snap point, or ” by passing the cursor over the snap point, or removed by passing over the snap point a second time.removed by passing over the snap point a second time.

Auto-TrackingAuto-Tracking

Polar TrackingPolar Tracking – Toggled on/off by – Toggled on/off by [F10][F10] or or [POLAR][POLAR].. Polar angle for alignment paths are specified in Drafting Polar angle for alignment paths are specified in Drafting

Settings dialogue box.Settings dialogue box.

DD Menu:DD Menu: Tools > Drafting Settings…Tools > Drafting Settings… Ortho Mode will be disabled when using Polar Snap Tracking Ortho Mode will be disabled when using Polar Snap Tracking

and vice versa.and vice versa.

DEMO TRACKING:DEMO TRACKING:

Open file Open file Track_Demo.dwgTrack_Demo.dwg Show Polar Tracking.Show Polar Tracking. Show use of Polar Intersection.Show use of Polar Intersection. Show Additional Angles.Show Additional Angles.

Auto-TrackingAuto-Tracking

Object Snap TrackingObject Snap Tracking – Toggled on/off by – Toggled on/off by [F11][F11] or or [OTRACK][OTRACK].. Alignment paths are acquired by “Alignment paths are acquired by “brushingbrushing” points on objects ” points on objects

using object snap (object snap must be enabled to select the using object snap (object snap must be enabled to select the points).points).

Points are selected by passing cursor over them without Points are selected by passing cursor over them without clicking the mouse.clicking the mouse.

Alignment paths are orthogonal (parallel to X & Y axes).Alignment paths are orthogonal (parallel to X & Y axes). Successive points may be acquired to obtain multiple Successive points may be acquired to obtain multiple

alignment paths.alignment paths. Points may be unselected by passing mouse over point Points may be unselected by passing mouse over point

again.again.

DEMO TRACKING:DEMO TRACKING:

Open file Open file Track_Demo.dwgTrack_Demo.dwg Show Object Snap Tracking.Show Object Snap Tracking.

Method for Multi-view drawing.Method for Multi-view drawing.

Exercise 12:Exercise 12: Draw the following objects using Draw the following objects using ONLYONLY mouse input and direct mouse input and direct

distance input (coordinate determined by cursor direction from distance input (coordinate determined by cursor direction from last point and keyboard distance value ). Use Object Snap last point and keyboard distance value ). Use Object Snap Tracking, and Polar Tracking to maintain point alignment.Tracking, and Polar Tracking to maintain point alignment.

3030


[F1][F1] - Help - Help

[F2][F2] – Graphics Screen/Text Window – Graphics Screen/Text Window

[F3][F3] – Running Osnap – Running Osnap

[F4] [F4]

[F5][F5]

[F6][F6]

[F7][F7] – Grid – Grid

[F8][F8] – Ortho – Ortho

[F9][F9] – Snap – Snap

[F10][F10] – Polar Tracking – Polar Tracking

[F11][F11] – Object Snap Tracking – Object Snap Tracking

Review of Function KeysReview of Function Keys

F1

HELP

F2

TEXT

F3

OSNAP

F4 F5 F6 F7

GRID

F8

ORTHO

F9

SNAP

F10

PTRACK

F11

TRACK

F12

Keyboard TemplateKeyboard Template

Linetype ScalingLinetype Scaling

Linetype Scaling:Linetype Scaling:

Command:Command: LTSCALELTSCALE Scales all linetypes globally (Default = 1.0).Scales all linetypes globally (Default = 1.0). Scales each segment in the linetype by the Scales each segment in the linetype by the ltscaleltscale factor. factor. Overall line length doesn’t change. Overall line length doesn’t change.

Example:Example: With With LTSCALE = 0.5LTSCALE = 0.5, Centerline shown in , Centerline shown in AA will will display as shown in display as shown in BB..

CenterlineCenterline ________ __ ________ __ ________________ __ ________ __ ________LTSCALE = 1LTSCALE = 1

AA

CenterlineCenterline ___ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ______ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ___BB LTSCALE = 0.5LTSCALE = 0.5

DEMO LTSCALE:DEMO LTSCALE:

Open file Open file LTSCALE_Demo.dwgLTSCALE_Demo.dwg Show use of Show use of LTSCALELTSCALE



Command:Command: CELTSCALE CELTSCALE Controls current linetype scaling (Default = 1.0). After Controls current linetype scaling (Default = 1.0). After

CELTSCALECELTSCALE is set, all new lines will be scaled by this factor. is set, all new lines will be scaled by this factor. Lines affected by Lines affected by CELTSCALECELTSCALE are also affected by are also affected by

LTSCALELTSCALE. The two are multiplied to give final linetype scale.. The two are multiplied to give final linetype scale.


Open file Open file LTSCALE_Demo.dwgLTSCALE_Demo.dwg Show use of Show use of CELTSCALECELTSCALE



Command:Command: CELTSCALECELTSCALE Value of Value of CELTSCALECELTSCALE for individual objects may be altered for individual objects may be altered

afterafter line creation using the line creation using the PROPERTIESPROPERTIES command. command. PROPERTIESPROPERTIES is accessed thru the shortcut menu. is accessed thru the shortcut menu.

This variable is changed by This variable is changed by the the CELTSCALECELTSCALE command command


Open file Open file LTSCALE_Demo.dwgLTSCALE_Demo.dwg Show use of Show use of PROPERTIESPROPERTIES for setting for setting

CELTSCALECELTSCALE..


As you know from Drafting, As you know from Drafting, each linetype consists of each linetype consists of patterned segments of patterned segments of defined length.defined length. 0.12

0.03

To maintain correct segment lengths on printed output, the To maintain correct segment lengths on printed output, the linetypes should be scaled if the plot requires scaling.linetypes should be scaled if the plot requires scaling.

If the plot scale is 1:4 (scale factor of ¼), the linetypes should If the plot scale is 1:4 (scale factor of ¼), the linetypes should be scaled by the inverse of the scale factor (or 4). be scaled by the inverse of the scale factor (or 4).

A larger linetype scale factor increases segment length. A A larger linetype scale factor increases segment length. A smaller linetype scale factor reducessmaller linetype scale factor reduces segment length. segment length.

Rule of thumb:Rule of thumb: Linetype Scale Factor = 1 / (plot scale factor)Linetype Scale Factor = 1 / (plot scale factor)

SCALE: 2:1LTSCALE = 1

5.000

SCALE: 2:1LTSCALE = .5

3.750


Example:Example:

Required space for full size Required space for full size drawing is 5 x 3.75.drawing is 5 x 3.75. Decide on A-size sheet Decide on A-size sheet (11x8.5) using 2:1 scale.(11x8.5) using 2:1 scale.

Prior to plotting, set Prior to plotting, set LTSCALELTSCALE to to 0.50.5 to get correct plotted to get correct plotted line segments.line segments.


Open file Open file LTSCALE_Demo.dwgLTSCALE_Demo.dwg Show use of Show use of LTSCALELTSCALE, , CELTSCALECELTSCALE, and , and

PROPERTIESPROPERTIES for setting linetype scale for for setting linetype scale for different size drawings.different size drawings.

Three ways to get this:Three ways to get this: Use the Use the CELTSCALECELTSCALE to control to control

linetype scaling during line creation. linetype scaling during line creation. Use Use PROPERTIESPROPERTIES to change to change

CELTSCALECELTSCALE variable for existing variable for existing objects. objects.

Use Use Alternate LinetypesAlternate Linetypes having similar having similar patterns but different segment lengths patterns but different segment lengths (i.e. (i.e. CenterCenter, , Center2Center2, , Centerx2Centerx2))


Alternate Linetypes:Alternate Linetypes: LTSCALELTSCALE acts globally and affects all linetypes. acts globally and affects all linetypes. What if you want short lines to have short segment lengths What if you want short lines to have short segment lengths

and long lines to have long segment lengths?and long lines to have long segment lengths?

CELTSCALECELTSCALE command command changes this variable.changes this variable.

0.25

0.251.25

0.25

*CENTER,Center ____ _ ____ _ A,1.25,-.25,.25,-.25

2.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

*CENTERX2,Center (2x) ________ __ ________ __ _____A,2.5,-.5,.5,-.5


Example: Example: Alternate LinetypesAlternate Linetypes

Original LinetypeOriginal Linetype Alternate LinetypeAlternate Linetype

Use this for short lines.Use this for short lines. Use this for long lines.Use this for long lines.

CENTERX2CENTERX2CENTERCENTER

Short SegmentsShort Segments StandardStandard Long SegmentsLong SegmentsCENTER2CENTER2 CENTERCENTER CENTERX2CENTERX2

HIDDEN2HIDDEN2 HIDDENHIDDEN HIDDENX2HIDDENX2

PHANTOM2PHANTOM2 PHANTOMPHANTOM PHANTOMX2PHANTOMX2


Open file Open file LTSCALE_Demo.dwgLTSCALE_Demo.dwg Show use of Show use of Alternate LineTypesAlternate LineTypes

Chapter 4 – The End!Chapter 4 – The End!

RETIRED RETIRED MATERIALMATERIAL

Units FormatUnits Format Sign of Angle:Sign of Angle: - by default, AutoCAD assumes a - by default, AutoCAD assumes a

Counterclockwise Counterclockwise rotation is rotation is PositivePositive. To reverse this, . To reverse this, check the check the ClockwiseClockwise box.box.

Base Angle:Base Angle: - assumed - assumed to be from +X-axis. Use to be from +X-axis. Use DirectionDirection to change this to change this ((see next slidesee next slide).).

??

Units FormatUnits Format Base Angle:Base Angle: - the Base angle reference is designated - the Base angle reference is designated

according to compass headings. The default setting is according to compass headings. The default setting is EastEast which assumes measurement from pos. X-axis. This can which assumes measurement from pos. X-axis. This can be changed using be changed using Direction Control Dialogue BoxDirection Control Dialogue Box..

XX

YY

Open a new drawing file with Open a new drawing file with English (Imperial) Units.English (Imperial) Units.

Set the Units to Decimal with a Set the Units to Decimal with a precision of 0.0.precision of 0.0.

Set the Angle to decimal with a Set the Angle to decimal with a precision of 0.precision of 0.

Set the angle to Set the angle to CLOCKWISECLOCKWISE and set the Base angle and set the Base angle direction to direction to NorthNorth..

Create the drawing shown Create the drawing shown using using Polar CoordinatesPolar Coordinates and and Keyboard entryKeyboard entry ONLYONLY!!

When finished, be sure to When finished, be sure to return the angle settings back return the angle settings back to the defaults:to the defaults:


Base Angle = EastBase Angle = East+ Angle = Counter + Angle = Counter ClockwiseClockwise

Start Point (0,0)Start Point (0,0)

3030ºº


Limits:Limits: - the user defined extent for the drawing area.- the user defined extent for the drawing area. The limits command is used in several ways;The limits command is used in several ways;

It defines the extent of the grid pattern activated by the It defines the extent of the grid pattern activated by the GRIDGRID command. command.

It determines the minimum area displayed by the It determines the minimum area displayed by the ZOOMZOOM, , ALLALL command. command.

It can also be used as the defined plot region in the It can also be used as the defined plot region in the PLOTPLOT command. command.

Additional functionality for Limits;Additional functionality for Limits; If Limits is set to If Limits is set to ONON, AutoCAD won’t allow a coordinate , AutoCAD won’t allow a coordinate

to be specified outside the defined limits.to be specified outside the defined limits.


Limits:Limits: In AutoCAD, like most CAD programs, objects are drawn In AutoCAD, like most CAD programs, objects are drawn

full size. full size. Scaling doesn’t occur until you are ready to print on to a Scaling doesn’t occur until you are ready to print on to a

sheet of paper.sheet of paper. Limits should be set to accommodate the full size drawing. Limits should be set to accommodate the full size drawing.

Default limits in AutoCAD are;Default limits in AutoCAD are; Imperial:Imperial: 12.0 x 9.0 inches12.0 x 9.0 inches Metric:Metric: 420 x 297 mm420 x 297 mm


Setting Limits:Setting Limits: Command: Command: LIMITSLIMITS DD Menu: DD Menu: FormatFormat >> Drawing LimitsDrawing Limits

Command: Command: LIMITSLIMITSReset Model space limits:Reset Model space limits:Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>:Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>:


Once your limits are set, the Once your limits are set, the GRIDGRID command can be used command can be used to view the limits. Grid can be activated in several ways;to view the limits. Grid can be activated in several ways; Command:Command: GRIDGRID Use the Use the [F7][F7] key as a Grid Toggle key as a Grid Toggle Use the Use the [GRID][GRID] Toggle button in the status bar menu Toggle button in the status bar menu

(bottom of screen).(bottom of screen).

Once the grid is activated, you should Once the grid is activated, you should ZOOMZOOM > > ALLALL to be to be sure the entire limits of the screen are displayed.sure the entire limits of the screen are displayed.

*Important*Important – the end grid points will not necessarily align – the end grid points will not necessarily align with the boundary of your limits definition. Grid points with the boundary of your limits definition. Grid points always fall at fixed increments that you define and always always fall at fixed increments that you define and always lie within, or possibly on, the limits boundary. lie within, or possibly on, the limits boundary.


Effective use of Limits: Effective use of Limits: If you draw objects larger than your Limits, the zoom If you draw objects larger than your Limits, the zoom

function is likely to freeze-up. You can correct this;function is likely to freeze-up. You can correct this; Reset your limits to a value larger than your largest Reset your limits to a value larger than your largest

object.object. Issue Issue ZOOMZOOM > > ALLALL, this will zoom to your Limits or the , this will zoom to your Limits or the

current extent of your drawing (whichever is larger).current extent of your drawing (whichever is larger). Toggle on Grid to verify Limits (reset grid spacing if Toggle on Grid to verify Limits (reset grid spacing if

necessary).necessary). Limits can be reset at any time. If your drawing size Limits can be reset at any time. If your drawing size

increases, increase your limits to accommodate the new increases, increase your limits to accommodate the new size.size.

DEMODEMO

Show use of LIMITS command.Show use of LIMITS command. Open new drawing file.Open new drawing file. Command: LIMITSCommand: LIMITS DDMenu: Format > Drawing LimitsDDMenu: Format > Drawing Limits

Show activation of grid.Show activation of grid. Command: GRIDCommand: GRID [F7] key[F7] key [GRID] toggle button[GRID] toggle button Grid too denseGrid too dense

Show Zoom, ALLShow Zoom, ALL Turn LIMITS ONTurn LIMITS ON


Open a New file using Open a New file using Start from ScratchStart from Scratch with Imperial with Imperial (English) units. (English) units.

Use the Use the LIMITSLIMITS command to check your current limits setting. command to check your current limits setting. Activate Activate GRIDGRID to view your current limits. to view your current limits. Draw a line from Draw a line from (0, 0)(0, 0) to to (450, 250)(450, 250),, then use the scroll wheel then use the scroll wheel

on your mouse to try and zoom way out…Lock-Up!on your mouse to try and zoom way out…Lock-Up! Turn off the grid, then use Turn off the grid, then use ZOOMZOOM > > ALLALL to view the entire line. to view the entire line. Reset your limits to 500 x 300.Reset your limits to 500 x 300. Turn the grid back on…Too Dense! Change the grid spacing Turn the grid back on…Too Dense! Change the grid spacing

from 0.5 to 10.0.from 0.5 to 10.0. Delete the line and reset your limits to 12 x 9. Then Delete the line and reset your limits to 12 x 9. Then ZOOMZOOM > >

ALLALL.. Finally, reset the grid spacing back to a reasonable value.Finally, reset the grid spacing back to a reasonable value.


Effective use of Limits: Effective use of Limits: - Before attempting any drawing, - Before attempting any drawing, the Limits of the drawing should be calculated.the Limits of the drawing should be calculated.

This is where you get to use your sketching skills.This is where you get to use your sketching skills. Step 1:Step 1: Identify the size extents of the object you are going Identify the size extents of the object you are going

to draw (height, width, depth)to draw (height, width, depth) Step 2:Step 2: Sketch a layout of the various views to be included Sketch a layout of the various views to be included

and identify the overall width and height required. This and identify the overall width and height required. This should include space between views, room for dimensions, should include space between views, room for dimensions, and edge margins.and edge margins.

Step 3:Step 3: Knowing the space (width and height) required, Knowing the space (width and height) required, determine what size paper sheet will be used to print (A, B, determine what size paper sheet will be used to print (A, B, etc). Obviously scaling may be required for larger or etc). Obviously scaling may be required for larger or smaller objects. Note the scale factor required.smaller objects. Note the scale factor required.


Step 4:Step 4: Knowing the paper size, find the printable area of Knowing the paper size, find the printable area of the sheet (use the sheet (use Printable AreaPrintable Area under under PLOTPLOT command) command)

Step 5:Step 5: If the drawing will be full scale (1:1) the limits will If the drawing will be full scale (1:1) the limits will equal the equal the Printable AreaPrintable Area. If the drawing will be scaled to . If the drawing will be scaled to plot, divide the length and width of the printable area by plot, divide the length and width of the printable area by the scale factor i.e. if scale factor is ½ (1:2), then divide by the scale factor i.e. if scale factor is ½ (1:2), then divide by ½ (or multiply by 2). These are the limits.½ (or multiply by 2). These are the limits.

Step 6:Step 6: Input the limits for the drawing. Then make a Input the limits for the drawing. Then make a rectangle corresponding to the limits. This is the printable rectangle corresponding to the limits. This is the printable area which will be plotted at the appropriate scale.area which will be plotted at the appropriate scale.

Step 7:Step 7: Create your drawing using the rectangle as a Create your drawing using the rectangle as a guideline for the drawing boundaries.guideline for the drawing boundaries.

Step 8:Step 8: Plot your drawing to the appropriate scale. Plot your drawing to the appropriate scale.


Review – Standard Sheet SizesReview – Standard Sheet Sizes

Letter Sheet size size

A 8.5 x 11

B 11 x 17

C 17 x 22

D 22 x 34

E 34 x 44

Letter Sheet size size

A4 210 x 297

A3 297 x 420

A2 420 x 594

A1 594 x 841

A0 841 x 1189

U.S. StandardU.S. Standard International StandardInternational Standard

Setting LimitsSetting Limits Review – Standard ScalesReview – Standard Scales


Some Standard Architectural Scales.

1:16 reduction 1/16” = 1’-0 reduction 1:10 reduction 3/32” = 1’-0 reduction 1:8 reduction 1/8” = 1’-0 reduction 1:4 reduction 3/16” = 1’-0 reduction 1:2 reduction 1/4” = 1’-0 reduction 1:1 full scale 3/8” = 1’-0 reduction 2:1 enlargement 1/2” = 1’-0 reduction 4:1 enlargement 3/4” = 1’-0 reduction

10:1 enlargement 1” = 1’-0 reduction 1 ½” = 1’-0 reduction 2” = 1’-0 reduction 3” = 1’-0 reduction

Example: Example: if the scale is 1 : 8if the scale is 1 : 8 1/8 : 8/81/8 : 8/8 1/8 : 11/8 : 1

The scale factor is The scale factor is 1/81/8

Example: Example: if the scale is ¼” = if the scale is ¼” = 1’-01’-0

¼” = 12”¼” = 12” ¼ : 12¼ : 12 1/48 : 11/48 : 1

The scale factor is The scale factor is 1/481/48

*Note:*Note: ¼”=1’-0 ¼”=1’-0 should be shown on should be shown on drawingdrawing

Method for ScalingMethod for Scaling:: The next 2 steps require you to resize and move the border so The next 2 steps require you to resize and move the border so

it fits around the drawing objects it fits around the drawing objects SCSCALEALE command. command.

CommandCommand: : SCSCALEALE

Select objects:Select objects: select border rectangleselect border rectangle

Specify base point:Specify base point: select any point near rect. cornerselect any point near rect. corner

Specify scale factor or [Reference]:Specify scale factor or [Reference]: input input BSFBSF Border small compared to object Border small compared to object scale up border. scale up border.

Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ((BSFBSF) >) > 1 1 Border large compared to object Border large compared to object scale down border. scale down border.

Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ((BSFBSF) <) < 1 1


Never scale the drawing objects!Never scale the drawing objects!

Method for ScalingMethod for Scaling:: The next 2 steps require you to resize and move the standard The next 2 steps require you to resize and move the standard

border so it fits around the drawing objects.border so it fits around the drawing objects. Use the Use the SCSCALEALE command to resize the border and command to resize the border and MMOVE OVE

command to center the border around the drawing objects.command to center the border around the drawing objects. We will refer to the border size increase or decrease as the We will refer to the border size increase or decrease as the

Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ((BSFBSF).). Border small compared to object Border small compared to object scale up border. scale up border.

Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ((BSFBSF) >) > 1 1 Border large compared to object Border large compared to object scale down border. scale down border.

Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ((BSFBSF) <) < 1 1


Never scale the drawing objects!Never scale the drawing objects!


ReviewReview:: Standard Plot Scales (English Machine Drawings)Standard Plot Scales (English Machine Drawings) Scale FactorsScale Factors



10:1 enlargement

Example:Example:Plot ScalePlot Scale is is 1:81:8Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = = 1/81/8

Example:Example:Plot ScalePlot Scale is is 4:14:1Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor = = 44


Step 4Step 4:: Determine the Determine the Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF). ). The The Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF)) must be calculated based on must be calculated based on

Standard Plot Scales. Refer to the standard scales in the Standard Plot Scales. Refer to the standard scales in the AutoCAD plot dialog box.AutoCAD plot dialog box.

Choose a plot scale that would reduce/enlarge your model so Choose a plot scale that would reduce/enlarge your model so it fits within the full size border rectangle. Or start by choosing it fits within the full size border rectangle. Or start by choosing a plot scale closest to 1:1, either a plot scale closest to 1:1, either A:B = 1:2A:B = 1:2 or or A:B = 2:1A:B = 2:1


Step 4Step 4:: Determine the Determine the Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF). ). The The Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF) is the ) is the inverseinverse of of

the the Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor ( (PSFPSF))

If the border must be increased:If the border must be increased: Choose Plot Scale Choose Plot Scale A:B = 1:2A:B = 1:2 The The Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor ( (PSFPSF) = A / B = ) = A / B = 1/21/2 The The Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF) = B / A = ) = B / A = 22

If the border must be reduced:If the border must be reduced: Choose Plot Scale Choose Plot Scale A:B = 2:1A:B = 2:1 The The Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor ( (PSFPSF) = A / B = ) = A / B = 22 The The Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF) = B / A = ) = B / A = 1/21/2


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7.50

20.00

15.00

Step 5Step 5:: Scale the border using the calculated Scale the border using the calculated Border Scale Border Scale FactorFactor ( (BSFBSF). Then test to see if sizing is acceptable.). Then test to see if sizing is acceptable.


The drawing objects The drawing objects should fill the border should fill the border but allow a margin but allow a margin (i.e. at least ½” gap (i.e. at least ½” gap between border and between border and objects on all sides).objects on all sides).

If border sizing is If border sizing is correct you are correct you are ready to plot, skip to ready to plot, skip to Step 8Step 8. Otherwise . Otherwise continue.continue.

Original Border

Scaled Border

Plot Scale = 1:2PSF = 1/2BSF = 2

Step 6Step 6:: If border scaling is incorrect, the If border scaling is incorrect, the Border Border Scale FactorScale Factor ( (BSFBSF) must be recalculated:) must be recalculated:

Choose the next closest Plot Scale to 1:1 Choose the next closest Plot Scale to 1:1 A:B = 1:4A:B = 1:4 or or A:B = 4:1A:B = 4:1

If the border must be increased:If the border must be increased: Choose plot scale Choose plot scale A:B = 1:4A:B = 1:4 The The Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor ( (PSFPSF) = A / B = ) = A / B = 1/41/4 The The Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF) = B / A = ) = B / A = 44

If the border must be reduced:If the border must be reduced: Choose plot scale Choose plot scale A:B = 4:1A:B = 4:1 The The Plot Scale FactorPlot Scale Factor ( (PSFPSF) = A / B = ) = A / B = 44 The The Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ( (BSFBSF) = B / A = ) = B / A = 1/41/4


Step 7Step 7:: Re-Scale the border using the Re-Scale the border using the newnew Border Scale FactorBorder Scale Factor ((BSFBSF). Then test to see if sizing is acceptable.). Then test to see if sizing is acceptable.


Before re-scaling, the border must be returned to its Before re-scaling, the border must be returned to its original size:original size: SizeSize A-SizeA-Size B-SizeB-Size

SheetSheet 8½ x 118½ x 11 11 x 1711 x 17


Use Use SCALESCALE command or command or Redraw original border rectangleRedraw original border rectangle

The drawing objects should fill the border but allow a margin The drawing objects should fill the border but allow a margin (i.e. at least ½” gap between border and objects on all sides).(i.e. at least ½” gap between border and objects on all sides).

If border sizing is correct you are ready to plot, continue to If border sizing is correct you are ready to plot, continue to Step 8Step 8. Otherwise, return to . Otherwise, return to Step 6Step 6 and repeat the procedure and repeat the procedure again using the next closest plot scale to 1:1.again using the next closest plot scale to 1:1.

DEMO - Limits DEMO - Limits

Load file Load file Limits Demo.dwgLimits Demo.dwg.. Show use of Show use of DISTDIST command. command. Show method for finding printable area.Show method for finding printable area. Show method for defining limits.Show method for defining limits. Show methods for plotting to scale.Show methods for plotting to scale.


Slow Motion Replay:Slow Motion Replay: Step 1:Step 1: Identify the size extents of the object you are Identify the size extents of the object you are

going to draw (height, width, depth)going to draw (height, width, depth)

TOP

SIDEFRONT

Height

WidthDepth


Step 2:Step 2: Sketch a layout of the Sketch a layout of the various views to be included various views to be included and identify the overall width and identify the overall width and height required. and height required.

FRONT SIDE

TOP

6.00

4.00

10.00 6.00

2.00

2.00

1.00

1.00

1.00 1.00

20.00

14.00

FRONT

TOP

SIDE

This should include This should include space between views, space between views, room for dimensions, room for dimensions, and edge margins.and edge margins.

Size Requirements:Size Requirements:

Width = 20.0”Width = 20.0”

Height = 14.0”Height = 14.0”


Step 3:Step 3: Knowing the size (width and height) required, Knowing the size (width and height) required, determine what size paper sheet will be used to print (A, B, determine what size paper sheet will be used to print (A, B, etc). Obviously scaling may be required for larger or etc). Obviously scaling may be required for larger or smaller objects. Note the scale factor required.smaller objects. Note the scale factor required.

6.00

4.00

10.00 6.00

2.00

2.00

1.00

1.00

1.00 1.00

20.00

14.00

FRONT

TOP

SIDE

Requred size for full Requred size for full sizesize object =object = 20” x 14”20” x 14” Sheet sizeSheet size ““AA” =” = 11” x 11” x 8.5”8.5” Try plot scale =Try plot scale = 1:21:2

Plotted drawing will Plotted drawing will thenthen require require 10”x7”10”x7”::½ x 20” =½ x 20” = 10”10”½ x 14” =½ x 14” = 7”7”


Step 4:Step 4: Knowing the paper size, find the printable area on Knowing the paper size, find the printable area on the sheet (use the sheet (use Printable AreaPrintable Area under under PLOTPLOT command) command)

10.38 x 7.94 printable area.10.38 x 7.94 printable area.


Step 5:Step 5: If the drawing will be full scale (1:1) the limits equal If the drawing will be full scale (1:1) the limits equal the printable area. If the drawing will be scaled to plot, the printable area. If the drawing will be scaled to plot, divide the length and width of the printable area by the divide the length and width of the printable area by the scale factor i.e. if scale factor is ½ (1:2), then divide by ½ scale factor i.e. if scale factor is ½ (1:2), then divide by ½ (or multiply by 2). These are the limits(or multiply by 2). These are the limits

Scale: Scale: 1:21:2 Scale factor = Scale factor = ½½Required space for full size drawing = Required space for full size drawing = 20 x1420 x14 Sheet Size = “Sheet Size = “AA” = ” = 8.5 x 118.5 x 11Printable Area = Printable Area = 10.38 x 7.9410.38 x 7.94

X - Limit = 10.38 x 2 = X - Limit = 10.38 x 2 = 20.9620.96Y - Limit = 7.94 x 2 = Y - Limit = 7.94 x 2 = 15.8815.88

*NOTE – The book suggests limits based on paper *NOTE – The book suggests limits based on paper sizes. These are not accurate since not based on sizes. These are not accurate since not based on Printable AreaPrintable Area..

Setting LimitsSetting Limits Step 6:Step 6: Input the limits for the drawing. Then make a Input the limits for the drawing. Then make a

rectangle corresponding to the limits. This is the printable rectangle corresponding to the limits. This is the printable area which will be plotted at the appropriate scale.area which will be plotted at the appropriate scale.

20.96

15.88

Scale: Scale: 1:21:2full size drawing = full size drawing = 20 x1420 x14 Sheet Size = “Sheet Size = “AA” = ” = 8.5 x 8.5 x 1111Printable Area = Printable Area = 10.38 x 10.38 x 7.947.94

X - Limit = 10.38 x 2 = X - Limit = 10.38 x 2 = 20.9620.96Y - Limit = 7.94 x 2 = Y - Limit = 7.94 x 2 = 15.8815.88

Setting LimitsSetting Limits Step 7:Step 7: Create your drawing using the rectangle as a Create your drawing using the rectangle as a

guideline for the drawing boundaries.guideline for the drawing boundaries.

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6.00

6.00

Limits RectangleLimits Rectangle

Object BoundaryObject Boundarywith Marginswith Margins

Setting LimitsSetting Limits Step 8:Step 8: Plot your drawing to the appropriate scale. You can Plot your drawing to the appropriate scale. You can

use use LimitsLimits for the Plot Area or use for the Plot Area or use WindowWindow and select the and select the corners of the rectangle representing the Limits.corners of the rectangle representing the Limits.

10.00

6.00

6.00

Exercise 3:Exercise 3: Perform the setup required to make the following drawing (see steps 1-8). Perform the setup required to make the following drawing (see steps 1-8). Assume single view will be used, only draw boundary walls (31”x21”) i.e. Assume single view will be used, only draw boundary walls (31”x21”) i.e.

neglect the interior walls, etc.neglect the interior walls, etc. Assume sheet will be A-size.Assume sheet will be A-size.

Step 1:Step 1: Identify drawing view size (height, width). Identify drawing view size (height, width). Step 2:Step 2: Identify the overall width and height required (include 1” margins). Identify the overall width and height required (include 1” margins). Step 3:Step 3: Determine paper size (A-size), and scale (you can figure this out). Determine paper size (A-size), and scale (you can figure this out). Step 4:Step 4: Find printable area of Find printable area of

sheet. sheet. Step 5:Step 5: Calculate and set the Calculate and set the

limits from printable area and limits from printable area and scale.scale.

Step 6:Step 6: Make a rectangle Make a rectangle corresponding to the limits. corresponding to the limits.

Step 7:Step 7: Create your drawing. Create your drawing. Step 8:Step 8: Plot your drawing to the Plot your drawing to the

appropriate scale.appropriate scale.

31.00

15.50

21.00

10.50

31.00

21.00

Exercise 3: SolutionExercise 3: Solution Step 1:Step 1: Identify view size (height, width). Identify view size (height, width). (31” x 21”)(31” x 21”) Step 2:Step 2: Identify the overall width and height required (include 1” margins). Identify the overall width and height required (include 1” margins).

(33” x 23”)(33” x 23”) Step 3:Step 3: Determine paper size, and scale. Determine paper size, and scale. 33”/4 = 8.25” 23”/4 = 5.75” OK33”/4 = 8.25” 23”/4 = 5.75” OK

A-Size sheet = 11” x 8.5” Scale = 1:4A-Size sheet = 11” x 8.5” Scale = 1:4

Step 4:Step 4: Find printable area of sheet. Find printable area of sheet.

10.38” x 7.94”10.38” x 7.94” Step 5:Step 5: Calculate the limits from Calculate the limits from

printable area and scale.printable area and scale.

10.38”x4 = 41.52” 7.94”x4 = 31.76”10.38”x4 = 41.52” 7.94”x4 = 31.76” Step 6:Step 6: Make a rectangle Make a rectangle

corresponding to the limits. corresponding to the limits. Step 7:Step 7: Create your drawing. Create your drawing. Step 8:Step 8: Plot your drawing to the Plot your drawing to the


Limits rectangle (41.52 x 31.76)Limits rectangle (41.52 x 31.76)


Consider the following part. You are to make a Consider the following part. You are to make a multiview drawing (3 views – Front, Top, Right multiview drawing (3 views – Front, Top, Right Side) of the part using the correct use of Units Side) of the part using the correct use of Units and Limits. The drawing should be plotted on an and Limits. The drawing should be plotted on an A-size sheet. Allow at least 1” margins and 2” A-size sheet. Allow at least 1” margins and 2” between views.between views.

3.50

9.50 5.75FRONT SIDE

TOP

Exercise 4:Exercise 4: 3 views – Front, Top, Right Side3 views – Front, Top, Right Side A-Size sheetA-Size sheet

3.50

9.50 5.75

Step 1:Step 1: Identify the size of the object (height, width, depth) Identify the size of the object (height, width, depth) Step 2:Step 2: Sketch a layout of the views to be included and Sketch a layout of the views to be included and

identify the overall width and height required. identify the overall width and height required. Step 3:Step 3: Determine paper size, and scale. Determine paper size, and scale. Step 4:Step 4: Find printable area of sheet. Find printable area of sheet. Step 5:Step 5: Calculate the limits from Calculate the limits from

printable area and scale.printable area and scale. Step 6:Step 6: Make a rectangle Make a rectangle

corresponding to the limits. corresponding to the limits. Step 7:Step 7: Create your drawing. Create your drawing. Step 8:Step 8: Plot your drawing to the Plot your drawing to the


FRONT SIDE

TOP

Documents

Objectives Learn the UNITS command for drawing unit setup.Learn the UNITS command for drawing unit setup. Learn to input engineering, architectural, and