Russian Literature XL VI (2000) 467-481 North-Holland

www.elsevier.nl/locate/ruslit

OEUVRE POSTHUME KY3MHHA: 3AMETKH K TEKCTY

F.]-IEB MOPEB

1.0. B paMKaX CTaHOB~H_~eroc~[ IIpOeKTa nO H3yqeHHIO "BTOpOil npO3bI", npe~lno~IaraIoIaero, npexc~Ie Bcero, "oripe~eneHI~e Kpyra r~ccaejlyeM~,IX TeKCTOB [COOTBeTCTBeHHO -- aBTOpOB], aHaaHTn~ecKoe rlpo,-iTeI-iHe i~x i~ oImcaHHe" (B. H. TonopoB), aHaJIa3 a KoppeKTHaa ny6aHra t~aa paccrca3a Ky3MHHa 'I-[JtTb pa3roBOpOB H O~I, IH cnyqail ' 1-Ipe~ICTaBa$IIOTC$I yMeCTribI- MH TeM 60nee, qTO n p n HepBOM 063ope nacae~H~ I(y3MHHa B 3a~IaHHOM 3THM IIpOeKTOM paKypce HHTepecyIo~Hil Hac TeKCT OKa3a~c~ Hecnpa- Be~3IHBO O60ii)IeH HCCYle~OBaTeJIbCKHM BHHMaHHeM. 1

1.1. I lepBbIe yIIOMHHaHH~I 0 3aMsicne paccKa3a riO~IBa~IIOTC~I B ~HeBHnKe Ky3MnHa 12 aBrycwa 1925 r.: "Yipn~IyMan paccKa3, SO He 3Ham, a a n n m y An ero" (~HeBHHK Ky3MtlHa [PFA.rIH, qb. 232] l~tlTtlpyeTc~l riO TeKCTy, am6e3Ho npe~oCTaBneHHOMy C. B. IIIyMHXHHbIM). Cae~Iym~a~ 3anncb yCTaHaBnHBaeT ~aTy 3aBepmenHa pa6oTbI: "13 [rioa6pa 1925 rosa] . ~ o n n c a a paccKa3. 1-Io-MOeMy, HerlpH~ITHeHbKHII. IOp. [tOpKyH] ripocne3r~ac~, a JI[eB] ~ISB[OSna PaKOB] He nOHaa 'yCTaHOBKH' I4 BOO6me, 6bla CKaH)Iaan3npoBari." 3am~cI~ 6 ~ n ~ a i l m r i x ~Byx ;aHeil riO)lTBep)K~alOT IIepBoHaqaat, Hyto aBTOpCKyIO OI~eHKy 'I'IflTH pa3FOBOpOB H O,~HOFO cJIyqasl' I4 CBH)]~eTeabCTByIOT 0 peaKI~ri~ riepBLIX c~iymaTeaeil ti3 Kpyra Ky3MnHa: "14 [HOa6pa]. t o p . peKaaMHpyeT MOil paccKa3, HOB HeM eCT~, ~ITO-TO HeriprmTHOe, nO-MOeMy. A TaK HHaero"; "15 [HOa6p~I]. qHTan I,I a. HeripI,~aTHb~ii ~TOT paccKa3 npocnymanH KaK TOHKyIO, ',l~yl.I.IHCTytO' BeI~b".

0304-3479/00/$ - see front matter © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S0304-3479(00)00006-5

468 F a e 6 M o p e n

HeH3MeHHO npo~yI<THBHOe npH aaanI43e TeKCTOB Ky3MHHa o6pa- I aeHne K ero ~HeBHHKOBBIM 3arlHC~M 1703BOJ~eT peKoacTpyHpoBaTb 6~H~a~ tmne 6BITOBOI~I, KyJIbTypHt,II~l H IICHXOJIOFHqeCKHI~I KOHTeKCTBI paccKa3a, e ro "BHen~TepaTypHyIO" OCHOBy B ee CB~I3H C npoIIeCCOM rei~epailrm TeKCTa H, B qaCTHOCTH, n p e ~ a r a e T r,~mq K nHTepnpeTa~Hr~ ceMaHTr~Ka "HenpnaTHOrO", ~BCTBeHI-IO ne~a~HpyeMott Ky3MHHblM B

xapaKTeprICTr~Kax 'lrI~ITH pa3rosopoB. . . ' .

2.0. BH2;HIMO, K~IOqe~oe B 9TOM CMblCJ~e 3Ha,(ea~e HMeeT 3anHcb OT 4 m o n a 1925 r., CHHXpOHHO BBOJl~q~aa R~e a e H r p a ~ , n ~ i e TeMbI 6y j lymero TeKCTa:

l ' Io~ ~O:h~:2~eM xoJ:u4.rI B "Poccr~m". rop6y~H KHItkKKy ;~a~a CBOm, HO J-le~HeB e t~e tle npr~exan. KaKoe ~]aKe~tCTBO r~ r~TeJ~r~- reHTII~I4Ha. H KaKOe FHyCHoe BrleqaTJIeHHe HpOH3BOJDtT H MO~I CTaTbJ/ B TaKOM coce~CTBe. I/I KaK cepbe3HO p a 3 6 n p a i o T ~TOT 3KcKpeMelIT, Ha3MBaeMLIt~ KOMMyHH3MOM. [...] rlepeexa.nn K HaM :a<Y~IOBKa C :>KH~eHKOM. Ma.rlbqHniKa BepTHTC~ n a KyxHe, MOeTC~I B KOpMTe, yqHTC~I Ha 6apa6aHe n noew "HHTepHa~HOHaa ' .

2.1. Bo qbparMenre 3artHcH, OTHOCHHIeMCg K rIocemeHHIO Ky3- MnHbIM "rop6ynbH" (nO-BrI~nMOMy, CeCTpbI H. F. JIe>KneBa E. F. An1,T- mynep ) ~ rIOJIyqeHHtO HM aBTOpCKOFO 9K3eMHJIHpa pe2IaKTHpoBaBmerocg 3-Ie~<HeB~IM ~<ypnana P o c c n a co CTaTbe~t ' C T p y ~ K n ' (1925, No 5, CC. 164- 169), a anncauHot t a aBrycTe 1924 r., 2 cyu~ecTBeHHLI qbnKcat~nz BneqaTneHr~/~ OT H~eOJIOFHHeCKOI~I IIJlaTdpOpMbl >KypHana 3 H, n p e ~ l e Bcero, Konponorr~necKH~ xapaKTep ~aHHOFO KOMMyHH3My onpe2~e~enr~a.

2.1.1. KOHHOTaTHBHaYl CBH3B KOMMyHHCTHqeCKOffl HJIeoJIOFHH H 1]paKTHqeCKHX IIOCJIe~CTBHI~I ee BOIIJIOII~eHHg B :}KH3HB C qbeKa.rlbHOl~ TeMaTHKO~ I~OCTOHHHa y Ky3MHHa: cp. 2~HeBHHKOByIO 3alqHCB 24 MapTa 1920 r.: "F~e Hacxa, rIOCT, BecHa, r(za;a6g~e? [...] 1-Ieuam, HO ~yMaz 0 Tenne, He TO 0 naezbHnKe, He TO a6ZOUHOM ca~y. Hey)Ke~H H TaM 60~bmeB~K~ Bce 3acpa~H?"; cp. TaK~e: "Pa3Be H BrIpaB~y / HaBo3 M~, / KaK roBopnT HaSo~Haa ~yna / [...] / Hac 3 a s a ~ n s m a a ? " ( 'AHren 6naroBecwByiom~r , 1919); "5Ie)K~M, Ka~ ~<a~OCTH~I~ HoMer [...]" ("MHe He ropbKn Hy~<~a n n~eH. . . ' , 1921) ~ Ap. B TeKcTe 'HATH paa roBopom. . ' ~ ra cs~3~ MOT~B~po~aHa ~nHaO~OM C paaorpeBaHHeM HO~HOrO r O p l ~ a K n a ~ r I a KyabMHqa, accoar~aTnnUO COoTneceaHn~M B COaHaHI.IH r l o n y x ~ e 6 o s a (cp., ~OHeUHO, n e r o rOZOBy, HeO6~KBOBeHHO ~OXO)Ky~O Ha

HOtlHylO nOCy2(y 6e3 pyVKH, CBOeO6pa3HBIM cy6CTHTyTOM KOTOp01~, B CBOtO oqepeJlh, ~Bn~eTC~ pa36nTa~ H He~eno cKneeHHa~ ~OMO~ ~au~Ka - OTCtO~a ~ICHa MeTOHHMa~ecKa~I CB~t3B MeYK)ly ee HYlaqeBHbIM COCTO~IHHeM

Oeuvre posthume Kyse~una 469

II COCTOaHHeM C03HaHII~I Honyxae6oBa B qbiiHa.rlbHOl~ cI_I, eiie) c a~MHHHCTpaTHBHbIM rro~zorpeBa~neM HOBmX yCTOeB.

2.1,2. ~)KcnpeccaoiiiiCTCKOe yno,~o6JxeHHe "3BOnIO~iiii ~yXOBiiOfl nii~rl [...] [gBOmOL~rml] rm~ii Teneciiofl "4 peanii3yeTca B TeKcTax Kya- Mrma aepe3 CIICTeMy KOHCTaiiTIIBIX CIc)II3IIOJIOFIIqeCKIIX MeTaqbOp npii oniicaHnnii onpe~eneHHbiX II ,~eonoraqecKHx H Ky.rtbTypHbtX npo~eccoB. ~Ta CIICTeMa, qbyHKI~iiOHiipy}oII~a~ KaK CB0eO6pa3Hblfl H~IIOCTIIIIIICTII = qeCKHi~ KOJI, H "Ba>Kiieflma~ /~J~ Ky3MHHa TeMa cniiaiiii~t TeJIeCHOrO H JlyXOBHOFO B 9pOTIiqeCKOM OIIBITe "5 KOIICTHTyHpylOT III09TIIKy "4- ro pa3- roBopa 06 II/~eax", H~eflHO H CTIIniiCTaqecKH COOTHOC~IIKeFOC~I C IIOJIO)Ke- HIIaMII ynoMariyToi~ CTaTbH Ky3MIIHa 'CTpy>KKII'. "HJIeonorrIqecKniI" qbparMeHT paccKa3a IIrpaeT 3J~ecs pens ~emiiqbpymmero (aBTO)nOCT- TeKCTa: COHOCTaBneHHe :>KypHaYtbiiOrO TeKCTa II He CTeCHeHHOfl I~eH- 3ypHbIMH ycnOBiiaMii npo3b! 'HaTII pa3roBOpOB... ' ReMOHCTpiipyeT noJ~- JIIIHI-IBIffl CMbICJl IIHOCKa3aTenbHblX aHanori if l Ky3MIIHa Me;C<JIy pa3BH- THeM xpiiCTIIaiiCTBa I4 COI~iiaJ/ii3Ma, Fj~e J~eHOTaTOM "iiepBo6bITHOrO xpiiCTIIaiiCTBa" B~,IcTynaeT paHHeC0BeTCKaa Pocciia 1920-x FO~OB. 6

2.1.3. TaK, Te3IIC 06 06pe~ceHHOM 6ecrtao,~m# coHHa~n3Ma, IIe- BO3MO)KHBII~ B nera~BHOfl neqaTii , KoppeciiOHRHpyeT C yTBep>KjIeiiHeM Ha 'CTpy>reK': "KaK yqeHHe, KaK cpe~a - xpiiCTHaHCTBO He MOFJIO 1-IOpO, RHTB IIcKyCCTBa." "~)MOI~HOHaJIbHOe" npiiH~Tiie xpiiCTIIaHCTBa H OCTaTKOB a3bIqeCKO~ KyJIBTypBI ceBepHbIMii HapoJIaMii ("HOBOe 3pei i i ie ' ) , rio Ky3Miiiiy, "iipiiJ~aJIo TOMy II RpyroMy I I a c T o a ~ y m CBe>KeCTb II ceM,q" - cp. B paccKa3e 0 e~IIHCTBeHHOfl BO3MO)KHOCTII 01LIIO, I~OTBOpHTb 9MOHI4OlYl ~eCHIIO~HbIO H)IOH. 45HKCPIpOBaHHe nepexo~Horo COCTOIIHHII H HaiiBHBIe HOIIBITKII ero paHnOHaIlbH~IX O~>ICHeHHI~ HO/IyxYle6OBblM IIOBTOpJIIOT xapaKTepiiCTHl<y npOTIIBOHOCTaB/IeHHOFO 9KCHpecciiOHII3My CoBpeMeH- H e r o HCKyCCTBa B 'CTpyX<KaX': "C03HaTeJIbHOe ojIIIqaHiie. CTpeMJIeHiie K 6ecciinmo a 6ecqyBCTBHm. [...] PattiioHaasHei~mHi~ Tyniir. CTaTIIKa." B 'CTpy~rKax' Ky3MIIH oniicsIBaeT ~TO COCT0aHIIe KaK "CTOJ~6H~K" n nocanjaiipyeT IIpOTn~OHOaOn<HOCT~, ero ~II3HH, ~MOttiiaM II opraaiiKe qeaoBeKa- ~CmiiM tteHHOCTaM ~ ero aKcHozoriia (cp.: "~Bii>reaiie II T~opaeCTBO -- n<rI3HS, / Oiia me J Im6o~ 3oseTca"; 'JIeceHrca', 1922). Oii3HonorrrqecKaa MeTaqbopa B IITOrOSOi~ peaKOfl qbopMymtpoBKe Ky3- MIIHa ("CyjIs6a 6SITb II36neBaHHBIM :>KII3HbtO II npiipoRofl") , HaIIpaMyIO CB~I3aHHaa c OTMeqeHnOi~ s s i m e "aHa~IbHO~ dpiircaL~iie~ ''v B e ro TeKCTaX, IIMnJII4IliipyeT aKTyaJIbHbIfl FIO/IIITHHeCKIIM IqOjITeKCT: cp., npe:>KjIe Bcero, CTIIXOTBOpeHIIe 'I/IoHa' ( "~ He Ma>KyCb CHaJIO6beM KOJIJ~yHIIlYI...", 1922), TeMaTH3iipym~ee arpecciiio YleBnaqbaHa (= rocy~apcTBa), npnnHy>r- jIalo/J_~ero "caJIOBHiiKa-l-teB~a" (= rlO9Ta B MII~OIIODTIIqeCKOlYl Tpai~nnttnii; cp. TaM >Ke: "H caRO~HnnK -- MHe 6BITB IIeTb! ') 8 K cBoero poJ~a IIHO6bITHm: "Bsime! B~Itue! YMep? HeT?.. / qwo 3a Tenas~i~, THxiii~ C~eT? / HpaMO K COJm~y ~s~6neBaH a MopeM"; Cp. ~HeBHnnKOBSIe 3anHcii: "BneqaTaeHHe

470 F~e6 M o p e s

Bce TaKoe >Ke Mep3Koe: XOJIepHbIe MOrHCtbI, )lopOrOBI43Ha, JIeHb, MO6H- JIH3aI4HI4 H ~TO rlO~JIoe y6~ICTBO [t~apcro~t CeMbI4] - Bce c o e ~ H ~ e T c a B TaKO~t 6yKeT, ~TO TO~SKO 3a>rHMa~ HOC. [...] H a m npi4Mep BCeM 6y;aeT Bpo~e pBOTHOrO" (20 mOaa 1918 r.); "Bec~ Mnp qepe3 nbaHym 6neBOTnHy - -BOT MnpoycTpo~tCTBO KOMMyHnaMa" (28 aHBapa 1924); cp. eu~e: "Kor~la MHp pBOTO~t TOM14M, / BO pTy, S rO~OSe neperapHa~ MyT~ / [...] / Tor~a MO)KeT IIpHC14HTBC.q TaKoe npas: ieH~e" ( 'AHren 6~aroBeCTBy~OU~H~t', 1919) n, HaKoHe~, noa~ne~tmy~o ~IHeBHaKOByto aan14cb, c;~eaaHHyto 14 cenTa6pa 1931 r., nocae o6sicKa, npoBe;~eH140ro o p r a n a u a OFI IY B KsapT14pe Ky3MrIHa: "Bo pTy TOmHOTa, KaK nocae MbImbgK3Z."

~TOT KOMrlaeKc KOttTeKCTyaJIBHbIX ncnxoqbn314oaorn~ecrnx acco- a14at~n~ (o e ro CeHcopHoM xapaKTepe c~rHa~H314pyeT, Me~<~y npom~M, gpoHHqecKoe ynoTpe6aeH14e I~p14~araTe~bHOrO "~Iymr~CTb~" B ~HeBH~- r o a o ~ aan14c~ o r 15 no~6pa 1925 r.) 14 COCTaSs~a~, sepoaT14O, ;~r~ Ky3- MI, IHa "HerlpI~I~lTHbI~" cy6cTpaT paccKa3a.

2.2. l?eHe3gc ";~eTCKO~t" TeMBI, napo~Ir~tHO r~ co CBOI~CTBeI-IHOI~ Ky3Mmty "IIpgHOCTbIO ''9 14peaoM~eHHO~ S pacc~a3e, TaKkKe OKa3blSaeTc~I ~IOKanI, I3OBaHHbIM B npocTpaHCTBe L~T~posaBmeflc~ ~HeBHI4KOBOfl 3a- nHcn OT 4 nmU~ 1925 r., ynOMnHaio~ei~ 0 HeBCTpeqe Ky3MI, IHa C J/e)K- HSBBIM 14 HOYlyqeH1414 14M HOBOI~ YKypHa~IbHOl~ KH14)KKtt. rIpI4MeqaTe.rlBHO 3~eCB TO, HTO B ~HH npe6bmaH14a MOCKBHqa JIe)KHeBa B r leTep6yp- re/JIeHrIHrpa~e I(y3MHH, cne~y~ ero nprtr~IameHg~M, 14eH3MeHHO BcTpe- qaJIeJt C HHM Ha YIecKax, B ~lOMe E. F. A~bTmy~tep, a4lpec KOTOpOI~ CaM JIe~<HeB 0603Haqa~7 c~e~yIou-~HM 06paaoM: "7-as PO~)leCTBeHCKa~t 30, KB. 3, 18-i~ ~eTcrrI~r o~ar no C~CTeMe MOHTeCCOp14. "~°

M a p a a MOHTeCCOplI (1870-1952) - - I , I3BeCTHbI~I 14Ta~IB~IHCKH~ n e g a t o r ; 3aH14Ma~acb tI3yr-leHHeM s o n p o c o s ncHxonaTonor1414 ~ ~eTCKOM ~eqbeKTHBHOCTH; asTOp nony~DIpH~IX S naqaJIe aeKa Tpy~os 1IO "HayqHO~l rte~arorHKe", n MeTO~bI KOTOpO~t m14pOKO rIpHMeH~t~IHCB B pa6oTe yqpe)K- ~eH~II~ ~IJL~ ~eTei~ (B TOM ~ncae ~eqbeKTHBH~IX). C O~H~M g3 TaKrIX yqpe)K)IeHH~ I4 3HaKOMHYlC~ I(y3MHH, 6bISa~l Ha 7-01~ PO~eCTBeHCKO~ ynnt~e. B pacc ra3e 6t,IBIII14M BOCII14TaHHHKOM rlo~O6HOrO po)xa ~eqbeK- THBHOFO ,~OMa ~IS.rI~eTC~l TagZaHT31HBMi,~ pC~eHOK CIgOMa XOBaHbKO.

2.2.1. CBa3aaHaa c dPOMO~ CtO;~KeTHa~ ~I14HI, DI MOYK~T 6BITB tta- 3BaHa, c o r a a c n o r~pnH~TO~ B 1920-e ro~sI TepM~HO~OF1414, "ne~Ionorrrqec- KO~". ~ Pa3pa60Ta14H~ie MOHTeCCOp~ MeTO~BI BOCYII~ITaHI4~I "Tpy~IHBIX" ~eTe~t n ne~o~or14~ec~14e rt)lert o TOM, qTO " r a t 6si HE 6 s u ~ nenazsr~s~ nocne~lCTB14S [~x n(p)ocTynKOS], OH14 ~3~e~14BaroTc~ 3~OpOBBIM pe~r~- MOM, rlpaB14J~hHbIM BOClXHTaHHeM H SHyI/JeH14eM", ~3 c~IyTKaT B "c~3mae" c (I)oMOl~ CTIIMy.rlOM I'I OCHOBOI~ COHHH01~ 3814HTepeCOBaHHOCTH 9THM Ma3"ISr4-14KOM 14 TeM, gTO I43 HCFO MO...~HO 6y, geT c~e.rlaTI~ fi14tIHOlYl 14H14H14aT14SOlYl 14 pa6OTO~. XapaKTepncT~Ka dPOMSI KaK Or.le14b O, RapeHHOlYl H~qTypM C .rIO.WHO Ha17paB.rleHHbIM [HOJIOBBIM] HHCT14HKTOM COOTBeTCTByeT

Oeuw'e posthume Ky3~tuna 471

I/IHpOKO pacT14pa:>I<HpOBaHHbIM B3FJ/H)laM Ha )leTCKylo CeKCyaJIbHOCTl, TeOpeTHKOB ne~onorn14, a~anT14pOBaBtUHX nono>KeHnn ncHxoaHann3a - cp., HanpHMep, yTs6p>K]IeHHn O~IHHOFO ~43 CaMBIX norlynnpHhiX, A. B. 3 a n K H ~ a : "qard/e Bcero ~IeT14 C H36bITOqHOil CeKcya~bHOCTB~O npe~I-~ CTaBJIntOT CO6010 ~IHIIIb 060p0THyIO CTOpOHy Me~IaJI14, Ha ~IHI]~eBOffI CTO- pOHe KOTOpOil HMeeTC~I 6oraTeilmee, HO nnOXO HaFlpaB.rI~HHO@ TBOp- qeCKOe Co]IepYKaHHe'; "Ham14 ~IeT14 - nr~ol.iepb~ ~4 - BOT nepsb~e, KOTOpb~e cyMemT ~IOBeCTa ~eao nonoBoro o3~oposnel.i14n )lo )leilCWB14ZenSHO cepbe3HbIX pe3ynbTaWOB [...] L ~ n TOrO, qTO6bI] npaB14a~l.io Hana)lrlwb ne~IarornaecK14il npoaecc [...] n [...] Hanpannr~, pe6emca no Hy)KHoMy nyT~4 [...] -- Heo6xo)IHMO [...] nepesecTn ~Heprmo, nneneHl.iym nOaOBS~M, Ha ]Ipyrne, Ha TBOpqeCK14C peJIbCbI'J 5

2.2.2. ~aHHOe dPOMOil Ha 9TPIX penbcax ,!~oKa3aTCJIbCTBO pyccKOrO FeHPIJt H H30~peTaTeIL5HOCTI4- Heneno CKJIeeHHyIO ~amr~y c 6apa6an- I I .U4KOM , CPI~IIII~PIM Ha CBOeM PIHCTpyMeHTC, -- /ItO60HblTI-IO COOTHeCT14 C Bne,~aTneannM140T B~mIyn<)leHHoro KOMMyHnaabHOrO cocejICTBa C Mam,- qtIKOM (n~oHepOM?), 1-IOIOII]~HM "Hl.iTepl.ia~14ol.ian" 14 ynnpa~HntOmI4MCa 3a CTeHOil B 14rpe Ha 6apa6aHe, 3a~14KCHpOBaHHHB~M14 Ky3MHHMM B TOil >Ke )lHeBH14KOBOIl 3alI14CH OT 4 HIOH~I 1925 r. (3HaMeHaTeneH HeTp14B14aJIb- n~,*il I4, Kan<eTcn, HOHnTHI~IIl B CBeTe yneHns 4)peiljIa o KacTpat~14OHHOM KOMrlneKce OTKa30T aHHT14CeM14TCKOIl TpaKTOBY-J4 TeMB0. ~

3.0. ~neBnrlK npe)lnaraeT H y6e)114TenbHyto ncaxonorHqecr[y~o MOTIi- sHpoBKy noaBnearln B "3arajioqHoM y3ope" (B. M. 9ilXeH6ayM) k73- MHHCKOFO paccKa3a TpeTb~il, "CKpbITOil" H 14an6onee rIHHTpHryIoI~eil CK)- )KeTHOIl/IHIIH14, repoH KOTOpOI~ -- HaBen KOHBKOB Hero TOBapHIit, 6cry- lithe 3a FpaH14I~y n -- B Cyl/~eCTBeHHbIX, H~eHTHOigI14KaI~14OHHbIX xapaKTe- pHCTHKaX (H14CaTe/IbCTBO 14 FOMOCeKCyaJIbHOCTb) COBHa~aIOT C aBTOpOM.

3.1. 2 141Onn 1925 r. B noe3)lKy B Ilap~ oTnpaBrlnacb A. ~. PajIJIOBa; ee npe)lcTo~u~ OT%e3J~ BbI3BaJI cne)lyK)u!y~0 )IHeBHHKOByIO aan,~cI,: "YexaTb 6m [...] O, KaK 6hi a n o m e n Be3)le 3a rpaHm~eil" (25 mOHn 1925). Mmcn14 0 peaKOM 14 BneaanHoM noBopoTe BCeil )I<143Hn, CBnaai.IHOM C nepeMeu~eu14eM B npocTpaHCTBe, rCOHKpeTaa14poBam, I B nopaanTeaLHOi~ 3anncn OT 20 moan: "[...] n yn<e no)lyMLmaa, k~J)la c6en<aTb c IOp. Tenepb, 6e3 nacnopToB, MO)KHO. XOTn 6hi B YKpaHHy. Flepenncb nOT, nepeBo)l, aKKOMnaHHaTOpCTBO -- BOT. HeMHOrO cTapOBaT Jlngt TaKO~t )KnaH14, HO 9TO 3aTpyji14eane cKopee 614orpaqbI4qecKoe, qeM peaaLHoe." HonyqeH14e C/ly-qailHblX 143BeCTHIl 06 aMHrp14poBaam14X ~py3bnx CTnMynnpyeT )leilCTSHn I4 nnaH~ Ky3MHHHa: "Bqepa HOBOCTH O [K.] /Inn)lay. OTbmK14BaTh, OTbmKHBaTb, n14caTb. EBpona, Eapona!" (31 •mnn 1925). 9TOMy 9MO~HO14anmtOMy nO)I%eMy n j~eJm~Oil I<OHKpeT14Ke Kna~eT KOHett BOaBpa~eHHe Pa)lnOBOil: "qTO-TO Henp14nTHOe ace-TaKn BKpaaocb OT ee paccKaaOa 0 3HaKOM~,IX: 0 nO)lnOCT14 A~aMOBnqa, caaBe

472 F ~ e 6 M o p e n

Xo~aceBHqa, KOBapCTBe PeMH3OBa, oqbHKHanr~HOCTH BnOXOB, o6mero pam~o~ymna. [...] qnTana onncaHHe nyTemecTBna, ~ po~e ' O n a a m g e ~nCT~' . O~erm no-~aMcz,~, nO Hn~ero "~s (10 OKTa6pa 1925). IIpe~- MeTHOCTb H ao~azbHOCT~ ~a~ICZO~ aHO~ CMeH~mTC~ perynapm,~M ~,i- paa<eaneM Hey~o~eT~opeHnocTn 6~,ITOa~Mn 06CTOaTeZ~cTBaMn: "Ha MeH~ I~anana cna~Kaa ~ HeBblpa3nMa~l FpyCTb nO Beceaofl, OTKpblTOI~

)I<I, I3HH, IIO 6onbmo~ 6narOyCTpOenHofl, 6e3 ~onroB, KBapTnpe, no cy- IKeCTsOsaHnm 6ea aHKeT, perncTpaImi~ n Ha~oros" (28 OKTZ6pa 1925).

3.2. Heo6xo~nrao HanOMm~T~, aRecr~ r~ 06 e ~ e O~HO~t 3arpa- HnqHO~ noe3RKe neTa 1925 rosa , o KOWOpO~l Ky3MHH rmsepHzKa 31na~ (OT TOrO ~ e H. F. JIe~He~a): ~9 ~ ~one-aBrycTe Poccmo noceTr~n H. B. YCTp~noB, 3MHFpaHT H n~eonor HaI~I, IOHaJI-602IBILIeBH3Ma, OnI, ICaBmg~I no BO3BpalJ_~eHI~ 8 X a p 6 n a cBon BneqaTneHn~ B oqepKe 'Poccrl~ - y OKHa saroHa' , nocaya<HsmeM O~HHM H3 IIOBO~OB K OKOHr-IaTe.rlbHOMy 3aKpblTnlO Yle)KHeBCKOFO ~<ypHana. ~° BI~3~T YCTpanoBa (KaK H Hamy- MeBiIine pOCCHflCKHe BOg>Kn erO C08BTOpOB rio c60pH~Ky CMeHa BeX, a TaKhKe CoTpy~HHKOB 6epnHHCKO~ Fa3eTbI HaKaHyH~) 2~ Mo)KeT C.rly)KHTb peanbi.iblM npeKe~eHTOM OnnCaHHOFO Ky3MHHb~M "cJIyqa~I", qba6ynbHa~ qbyHKKH~ KOTOpOFO -- MOTHBHpOBKa OcTpaHeHHOFO BocnpH~ITIn~I repoeM paccKaaa nopesonror~HOHHOrO "6b~Ta" -- 6bIna paHee onHcaaa O. Man- ~en~,mTaMOM Ha cTpaH~Kax TOil ~ e Poccnm "]3SIT - 9TO nHOCTpaH~nHa [...] ero Me cyu~ecTnyer ~sm csoero ~o~amHero , x o ~ c I < o r o r~a3a [...] ~pyroe ~eao Typr~CT, HHOCTpaHea [...] on rIanHT rnaaa Ha ~ce x~ HeKCTaTn 060 BCeM paccKa3biBaeT. "z~

4.0. B ~TOI~ YIOgTHKe a6cypRa H "qepHoro IOMOpa" 8HjIenH B CBOe SpeMn nepTy, c 6 n n m a m ~ y t o npo3y Ky3M~na C TeKCTaM~ o63pHyTOB. 23 OAHaKO 3a nepe~oi~ HenenLix H KOMnqHSIX nono>KeHHi~, Ha6n~ojlaeMb~X rlony- xne6oBbIM, BHRHTCa H rny6r~Hi.iag TeMa Ky3MnHCKOFO TeKCTa, yHnBep- caJIbHa~ jlJLq ero nOB~HeFo TBopqecTBa H, B KenoM, KOHCTHTyHpytOI~a~ eFO InH~HBHRyaYlBHblI~I II03THqeCKHI~ MHqb. ~TO, HeCOMHeHHO, "rlOHCKH qenoBeKa opFaHH3ytO~_~eFO 9neMeHTa B ~H3HH, IIpH KOTOpOM Bce ~sneHI~a ~rI3i.irt H nOCTynKH Hatun~I 6hi COOTBeTCTBeHHOe nM MeCTO H nepcneKTrI~y", KaK qboprayaHpoBa~ ~yTb no3~Hee Ky3Mnrh o67~aclna~ (B CBa3H C nnaHaMrI cr~eHnqecKofl nOCTaHOBKH) 3aMbicen Hanr~canm,~x B MapTe 1924 r. 'I-ipoI'yylOK FyJI~/'. 24 B OT~a~ne OT "noc rHrmero opra- I,i-IH3ylOlJ_~i,ii~ IIyTb ''25 Fyaa B ~aI-IHOM cJry~tae Heo6xo~I4MblI~ "opFaHH- 3ytOtLIJ4g~ 9JIeMeHT" HeHaXO~HM n, TaKnM o6pfl3OM, ~HBapHaHTHOlYl CTa- HOBHTCH CHTyaI~HS/ pOKOBOFO HOCOOTBOTCTBHYl- HOMHHaTHBHOFO (nMeHH ~eHOTaTy: cp. TOnOnr~M y~m4a CM~z~za4, ~6 "3ayram,~e" coBeTCr, ne nom,~e c~o~a - a66pe~r~aTyp~i Conxos, ~oMynpan n T. n.), ~7 qbn3r~ornoMa- ~ecKoro (cp. onaca rme :m~a qbora~,~) n /n~n 6r~orpaqbn~Iec~oro ("Bbi Bce 3aH~IMaeTec/~ He CBOHM ~eJIOM").

Oeuw'e posthume If y3~una 473

4.1. I'IocJIeRHHfl MOTHB HMeJI ~ Ky3MHHa oqeBHJIHble KOHHOTa~HH aSTO6Horpaqb14HecKoro CBOI~CTBa: Hey~OBJIeTBOpeHHOCTB CO6CTBeHHBIM CTaTyCOM B peanLnoM KyJ/bTypHOM npocTpaHCTBe 1920-X FO~OB, OCTpBIff[ Kp143HC poneBOfl CaMoHReHTHdp14Ka~rtH, CB14J~eTeJII~CTBOM rOTOpOro aBnaeTca 14 co6aa3H "14eKonBeHrt14oHan~Horo" npeo~onear ta "614orpaqb14qecK14x 3aTpy~neH14fl" (CM. Bs~me), paapymeH14Z j~o~ne~o~ero 6Horpadp14qeCKOrO TeKcTa, 28 HpHBOJI~IT K 14HTepHopHaa~H14 ~rpb~ H~- coorneTCTS~rB ("Ko Mne cKopee, Teoj~op n KoHpa~.. ." , 1924) n nOaCKOB n~teaTaqHOCTn ("F~e COOTBeTCTBHe? Kar.aa csaas [...]?", "BoaRymHy~O n ~O~aHy~O rJm~S...", 1925) B no~TnqecKni~ M14p KyaMnHa (cp. 'MeqTsI npncT~ix<atoT ~eiacTBnTenSHOCTS', 1926) C ero nO~H~M14 aKanCTeH- KHaJIBHOFO He6J~arononyq14a KOOpRHHaTaMH: HcKa~KeHHOfl nepcnerT14- BOil, KHHeMaTOFpa~14qeCKOlYl OIIT14KOI~129 H ClTyTaHHBIM XpOHOTOIIOM ("I/I qTO BRanH, / H HTO B6J~14314 / H14KTO TyT He IIOfiMeT"; "3no~ MeHTa- TeJIBHBII~ HOKOlYlHHK...", 1924; ~ "I-[oKOlYlHHK14 cMeman14ca c )KHBBIMH" '~opeJn, paa614BaeT ne~', 1927). 9Ta me 14MnepaT14BHO 3a~aHnaa 06- CTO~ITeJIBCTBaMH BpeMeHH H MecTa npo6J~eMaT~4Ka CTaHOBHTCH ~OMH- HHpyIoIJ_~HM npeJ~MeTOM 60J/e3HeHHOfl JIHeBH14KOBOfl aBTOpe~J~eKcHH: " H y ~ n o To~Ky 3peHtca. HHa~e HnHero He BSrfl~eT. [...] H~O314~0 ~eaa, n np14TOM 'Kpac14BOrO' [...] Mne cKopo 60 neT. F~e 14 rTO CTOrOnJJtil (XOTa 6hi H He OHeHB) TaK ~Hn? YCTaHOB14B aHanorHto, OCB~IReHHylO no93Hefl, a e r n e nepenocnT~ HTO 6SI TO Hn 6~nO. Tpy~HO 6S~TS [Hpa6] B raKoi~- nn6y~s rHyCHOi~ ~paH~" (30 CeHTa6pa 1931). 31 JI14HHOCT14~Ii~ r en ean c Kynl~MHHHpy~oII~efl B 3aKJIIOHHTeJIBI-IOM MOHOO/Ore I lonyxne6oBa TeMBI 3aMeH~HH017I "TOtlKI4 3p~HH~I" H HeBO3MO;~KHOCTH HalYlT14 yMOIIOCTH- raeMb~e OCHOBaHItH oKpyY,<aioLt~ero COBeTCKOFO M14pa ("Pin14 BB~ BCe C yMa cotunn, ~nH ~ cyMactue~mnfl") IIpO~ICHHIOT napannen14 a JIHeBHHKOBBIX 3an14c~ix Ky3MHHa: "HHOFj~a B~pyr B3FJIHHeI-HB Tpe3BO -- H BH~HIIIB cyMacmejIm14i~ ~OM n cMepTs. ) K n a e m s H14cTei~me~ qbr~rarte~t. [...] H, naBepHoe, 6onen; M~ Bce 6OnSHSI" (27 14~OJ~a 1925).

5.0. "CMe.rlOCTb rlpOCTORylIIH~I "32 I4 Tpa~14R14OHHa~I ,lln~I "6t,ITOBOI~" rIpo- 3hi Ky3M14Ha oHpe~eneHHOCTb HReoJIOFHqeCKOfl 3a~aq14 33 (14n14 "yCTaHOB- KH", KaK n14can, ~OJIb3y~cb TepM14HOJ~OF14qecK_r4M apceHanOM ~opMa- n14CTOB, Ky3MHH), ~eaaIom14e paccKa3 yHHKa.rlt~I-IBIM HO OTKpOBeHHOCTH BBICKa3I~IBaHHeM Ky3MHHa-I-IpO3aHKa O IIOpeBOJ/tO~14014I-IOl~l JlelYlCTBHTeJIB- aOCT14, onpe~eJ~14~H 14 neHaTnyio cyJ~6y 3TOrO TeKcTa.

B 1927 rosy Ky3MHH npe~no~aran BKnIOqHTb 'FlaTb pa3rOBOpOB...' S COCTaS c6OpHHKa paccKa3OB, 0 BO3MO~HOCTH 143JIaH14a KOTOpOro OH n a c a a Bna~e~bt~y 6epnHncKoro H3~aTe~LCTBa "FleTporIo~14c" $I. H. BJ~O- xy. 34 ~TOT npoeKT, OR14aKO, He OcyIKeCTB14JIC~, 14 paccKa3 nononH14JI p ~ oeuvres posthumes, KflK C FOpbKOlYI HpoHHeiI I4MeHOBa.rl TaKHe BetttH CaM Ky3M14H. 35 TeKCT 'IIaTr~ pa3roBopoB... ' 6~,iJI BnepBbIe ony6JI14KoBaH )Kop-

474 FneS Mopen

7KeM lllepoHoM a 1984 rosy . ~s HepBony6n14Kaai~t c o n p o B o : ~ a n a c b CC~)mKOi~ Ha aBTorpaqb, HaXO~HBtrJHtlC~ B "qaCTHOM apxriBe B JleHnH- rpa~e" . O~HaKO B apxHBe O. H. FHnr,~e6paH~T-Ap6eHHHO~t (1897-1980), C MaTepnaJ~aMrt KOTOpOFO pa6oTan rty6nm<aTop a KOTOpMlYl, HeCOMHeHHO, H HMe~TC~I B BHJ~y, cOXpaH~IOIHCB JIalllb HeaBTOpH3OBaHHBIe MalntlHO- IIHCHBIe KOIIHH KaK paccKa3a Ky3MHHa, TaK H HeKOTOpblX ~pyFHX eFO IIpOH3BeJ~eHH~, aBTorpaqbLI KOTOpbIX, OqeBH~HO, 6I, InrI KOHqbHCKOBaHBI opraHaMn HKBJ~ 80I<Ta6p~I 1938 r. B COCTaBe apx~IBa Ky3i r lHa I~ IO. H. IOpKyHa IlOC0Ie apecTa H paccTpeJIa ilocJIe~Hero. Cy~l~6a 9THX H37~TBIX MaTepnaJioB ~o cHx hOp OKOSqaTeJImtO He npoacHena: B CJIe~CTBeHHOM ~ene IOpI<yHa 1938 r. (apxHa qbCB pqb [6~,IB. KFB CCCP] B CaaKT- HeTep6ypre , ~e0io II-31221, T. 1) co~epXHTCa y n o i n H a H H e o KOHqb~cro- BaHHBIX npn ero apecTe, 4 qbeBpaza 1938 r., "~Byx Kopo6KaX HeI'aTHBOB qboTorpaqbHqeCKnX", "py~on14cax n Bce~O3MOXHOIt nepe l i r lc re" (n. 4), a TaK>I<e 06 oneqawasm, ix "KOMHaTe" I4 "qynaHe c nrlTepaTypoi~" (n. 406). H14KaKI, IX J~aHHBIX, HO3BOffDItOII~HX oIIpe~eJIeHHO cyJ~HTB O ~anl, Hellmei~ cy~ ,6e 9THX MaTepHa~/OB, B ~e0Ie, I< COXtaJIeHHIO, HeT. 37 110 H~KOTOpBIM CBrI~eTenSCTBaM, ~ Mamm~onr~cnsle ron14ri TeKCTOB I{y3iHHa 6SlnrI H3FOTOB~IeHbI nOCJIe ero c iepTrI , B nepno~ 1936-1938 FO~OB, BepO~tTHO, E. H. IIIa~aprlaoi~ (1887-1970), MaTep~IO AneKce~ ILIa~p14Ha, ilepeBo~- q14Ka H IIOgTa, BXO~HBILIeFO B ~pyx<eCKHi~ KpyF Ky3MHHa IIOCJ/eJIHHX n e t ero X143HH. Tar , B apxH~e O. H. Ftlnb~e6paH~T coxpaH~JItlCB KOIIH14 J~HeBHHKa Ky3MHHa 1934 r., Ilbecbi CMepTt, Hepona 14 'HATH pa3roBopOB H O~HOFO c~Iyqa~q'. HBIHe BCe ~TH MaTepHanbI Haxo~HTC~I B co6paHHH My3e~ AHHBI AXMaTOBOI~I B (I)oHTaHHOM ~OMe.

TeKCT paccKa3a ny6smKyeTca B HaCToameM BblnycKe nO MamnnonncHot / ronHrI (MeCTaMH AeqbeKTHOi~) rIa apxnBa O. H. Frt~Ib;~e6paHAT, C rtc- npaB~eHrteM MHOrO~r~C~eHHblX omr~6OK n HeTOYHOCTei~ nepBO~ ny- 6~m<a~HH.

I I P H M E q A H H H

CM. Hamy pe~eH314Io Ha KH. 'BTopa~l rtposa'. Pyccraa npo3a 20-x-30-x ro~o~ XXBeKa, Trento 1995; AIONSlavistica, Napoli 1995, Vol. 3, p. 528. CM.: H. B. ~MrtTprlea, A. F. TrIMoqbeeB, 'Bri6mtorpaqb)t~ Kpr~Trlyecxo~ npoar, z M. A. KyaMrma', De Visu, 1994, N_o 5/6, c. 108.

Oeuvre posthume Ky3~tuna 475

Ho~po6Hee CM." M. Arypcr14~t, H~eoaorna Ha~4oHaaT-5o~bt.tteB~4aMa, Pads [1980], passim; 'HeoKOHqeHHOe COq14He1414e M14xa14na By~raKoaa' (I'ly6~. 14 CTaT~ M. qy~laroBo)l), Ho~t, til Mnp, 1987, No 8, cc. 180-184. M. Ky3MIIH, AHHa P a ~ o B a , Cepre/ l Paz, nOB, IOp. IOpKyH, '~lleKnapatm~ ~MOI~14OHa4-IH3Ma ), A6parcac, IIeTporpa~ 1923, dPeBpam, [B~m. 3], C. 3. M. F. PaTray3, 'Ky3MHH -K141toaprlTenb', KItHOBe~IeCKI4e 3al-II4CrI4, 1992, No 13, C. 56. 9TOT >Ke np14eM paHee aKcnnyaT14poBan Ha cTpan14Kax Poccn-~ H. B. Ycrp~I/IOB B 143BeCTtiO~ CTaTSe '06Mnpulelt14e', psi1 yTBepX<~Ie14141t KOTO- po~ He /VIOF HC 65ITb coqyBcrBCHHO OTMeqeH Ky3M14HbIM:

[...] nepBonaqansHaa q14CTOTa [...] xpHcTHaHCKOFO 14~ieana, IIOKO- pnB Map, [...] 140CTeHeHItO H opra1414qecx14 nepepoa<nanac~, no~I Bn14~IH14eM KOHKpeTHr~x ri He14cTpe614MSIX Tpe60Ba1414~ 3eMnoIl ne~CTBnTenSH0CT14, dPOpManbHO T0pmeCTBya, OHa ManO no Marly Bn14TSiBana B ce6z 3JIeMeHTbl 14 raqecTBa, B14yTpeHHe ~y>x~le ee OTBZleqeHHOMy cy~ecTBy. [...] Ha nalII14X rna3ax rlpoHcxO~J4T petu14Ten~,noe n Hey~Iep~14Moe oSMnpmen14e [...] KOMMyHHCT14= qec~o~ ttepKB14. (P0cc~4;/, 1923, No 9, CC. 14, 15; 3~Iech 14 ~anee KypcnB B II14TaTax Ham - F.M.)

Cp. y KyaMnna o HCI4CTpe6tlMOlYl, Mtl.rlo171 .,',','~tt3Htl ('Pa3.rn4B/~i', 1919), o a)- BpeMeItHOM npoTrIBOpeqnrl Me>K~y "BSICOKHMH napeHi4~lM14 H HetICKO- pennM0~ npocTo~ ~oManme~ ~KH3HBIO" ( 'Kone6aHn~ ~K143HeHHhlX TO- KOS', IOp14~t AHHenKOB, HOpTpeTbt, HeTporpa~ 1922, c. 51), 0 "qaCT14OIt x0rmpeTHOX~ sno6Bn" ('~ernapatt14~ SMOtt140nann3Ma') 14, naroHeIL 06 "OTBneqen140CT14" "14epBo6r~iTnoro xp14cTHaHcTBa" B 'CTpy>KKaX', C npo- rpaMMHBIM Bt~IBO~OM: "ToJIBKO CJIO:~KHB CBOe opy>xne, yqeH14qecK14 no cKna~aM HaqaB CnOBa BOCnp14HnMaTb pa3pyaneHHyIo xySn,Typy, noeTe- IIgHHO O~opMJDt~ICS, xpHcTHaHCTBO 06paT14nOCb B $lBJIeH14e eo3rt~a- TeJIhHOe 14 17JIOJ~O1400140e, orlyCTOJJ.IttB BOKpyr Ce6~ IIOqBy, CaMO CTaB Ha MeCTO $I351qeCTBa, HO BOCrlpHIDIB 60JIBIIIHHCTBO ero 7Ke CBOI~ICTB. n o 3TO -- 14pottecc OJ~Jaoro 14 TOrO >Ke opraH143Ma" (CTaTB~I Ky3M14Ha 3J~eCh 14 j~anee K14T14pyeTc~ no OTJ~eJIBHOMy ~ypHanLnOMy OTT14CKy C IIpaBKOlYl aBTOpa [OP PHI;, ~ . 625, On. 1, E~. Xp. 721]). I Iocne;~H~ "orpaH14q14Tezbnaa" KOItCTaTaI~H~I, TaK ~ e KaK 14 OTKpI, ITO IIpoBo3rJlameltHa,q Ky3MI4HMM B 'CTpy>xxax' HeCOBMeCTnMOCT~ "$xcnpecc140H143Ma" (resp. c06cTBen140ro TBopqeCTBa) 14 "KOMMyI-IH3Ma" (3HaMeHaTeYlbHO, qT0 14MeHHO 9TOT qbparMeHT CTaTbH Ky3MHHa 6bin aKI~eHT14pOBaH B e e 143~0>KeH14I~ 9M14- rpanTCKO~ neqaTbm: K. B. [K. Moqysmcr14~t] 'KyaM14H 06 14cKyCCTBe', 3hellO, 1926, 3 anBapz, No 153, c. 6), J~eMOnCTp14pymT, o;~naro, cy- I/~eCTBeHHb~e OT/IHqHgl Me)I<~¢ onpe~IeneHHO necc14M14cr14qeCK14M B3F/I$1- ~OM Ky3MHHa Ha poccri~cKy~o nOnHTHKO-KynbTypIlyIO ~effICTBHTenI, HOCTI, 14 6yJ~yn~nOCTb rl, C J~pyr0~I CTOpOH5I, CxeMaMH YCTp~n0Ba 14 "nO- IIyTHtlqecK01~" pe;~artt14onuo~t cTpaTerne~ Jlea<Hesa. BoneaHennoe

476 F~e6Mopen

Ky3MHHa HpOTHBOpeqHe Me>KJ]3z ero 6eCKOMHpOMHCCH01~ riO OT14OI/deHHIO K UHOBBIM yCTOHM" rtO3H~14e~t (nO~TBep>K~aeMo~, B qaCTHOCTH, H He- Me~neHnott ~tteBHHKOBOI~ peara~ne~t Ha cYIpOBOI~HpOBaHHBII~I 'CTpy>x- raM~' pe3Kntt OTr.Um< B COBeTCKOII neqaT14 [CM.: B. IlepttoB, 'Ho nn- TepaTypH~XM BO~Opa3~eHaM', )tCn3H~ HCKyCCTSa, 1925, 27 OKTH6pH, CC. 4- 6]: "PyraIoT Mena B q>K[143Hn] nc[ryccrBa]' [...] KOHeqHO, ~ ne npo- sieTapcrnil n14caTeHs, n Ha~e>r~ na MeHH anraKnx. Ec~rn coBpeMeHHoers -KOMMynrl3M, g He coBpeMeneH" [27 OX<T~6p~ 1925]) 14 HeBOHI, HO "JIaKel~CKHMH" o6epTOHaMH H3J1/o6HeHHOrO JIe>KHeBr~IM "33OHOBa H3blKa" anasmrni~ (cp. mfCSMO Jlea<HeBa r Ky3Mmty OT 8 MapTa 1925 r., rj~e B pH~[]~y ,~OCTOHHCTB 'CTpy>KeK' OCO60 OTMeqeHo, HTO 9TOT MaTepHaH "BHemn14x TpyEnocTei~ r HanenaTaHmo He rIpe;acTaBzHeT" [PFAJIH, qb. 232, On. 1, E;~. Xp. 265, JI. 5]) 14 onpe~e~HHo oxpa3nBmeeca B ttnTn- poBaBme~tcn Bhime ~I~IeBHHKOBOlYl 3amtcn OT 4 nmHa 1925 r. HeraT14BHOe BneqaTHeHHe Ky3M14Ha OT ~ypaas~a J-[e>KHeBa B tteHOM. OHO >Ke, Be- pO~ITHO, CBlrpa.rtO CBOIO pOHb B C03~aHHH HHUleHHBIX BCflKO/1 "HHOCKa- 3aTeHBHOCTH" qbopMyHHpOBOK paccKa3a. O6 "aHaH~,HOCTH" B pyCCKOM aBanrap~e (Mrmya, K co>ra~en14~o, Ky3Mrrna) I4 0 CBH3aHH01~I C Hel~ MeTadpOpHKe "OBHelIIHHBaHH~I BHyTpel-/HerO" CM.: I/Iropb H. CMHpHOB, 1-[ctIxo, gHaxpoHo.rlOl'ttKa. I"[CI4XOtICTOpI4.,q pyCCKOB .ritt- TepaTypt,~ OT poMaHTn3Ma,~o Ham~rx ~HeB, MocrBa 1994, cc. 207-211. CM., HarrpnMep: T. B. I~nBSmi, 'Verg. Georg. IV, 116-148: r M14qboaOreMe t a r a ' , Tezcr : CeMaHrnKa n CTpy~Typa, MOCKBa 1983, CC. 148-149. Hrno- p14py~onm~ MHqbonoaTH~eCKHe KOHHOTa~HIt TeKcTa H, B ~eHOM, ceMaH- T14Ky Br, moqa~omero ero ttrmna I I yTn TaM14HO KOMMeHTap141Yl H. A. BoroMonoBa (M. KyaM14H, CTI4XOTBOpeHI45L HOBa~ B146s~rtoTera no~Ta, CanrT-HeTep6ypr 1996, c. 763) npe;acTaBnseTca Hey6e~14TeHSHS~M. HO CS~OBy An. Bno~a 143 ero pertenan14 1918 r. Ha o ~ y 143 m, ec Ky3Mnna Xtn,q XeTcroro TeaTpa (CM.: A n e r c a n x p BHOK, Co6paHne COVnHeHtffi n nOC~,Mn TOMaX, T. 6, Mocrsa-fleH14Hrpa~ 1962, c. 315; cp. TaM ~re O "rtpoH14TaHH~,IX HaTOJIOFHel~" "~eTHX Hamero BpeMeH14"). OTMeT14M, ttTO TeMa 'I-IHT14 pa3r0BOpOB...' "lTpopacTaeT" H3 ra3eTHoro TeKCTa Ky3M14Ha 1916 r., qboI<yc14py~u~ero BH14MaH14e Ha cnett14qbnqecr14 ne6aarortosryq- m, tx COtt14aSH, H~X 06CTOSTeH~CTBaX, CaO~14BtU14XCg eme HaKanyHe peBo- aIOrt1414 ~ r 1925 ro~ty n14m~, ycyry614Bmrfxca: "l-I0~ocrr14 [...] rtOqyBCT- BOBaHH ce6~t B3poc~IBIM14, KOFJ~a cTapm14e ymHn. Hr~4 3aMeHflIOT B3poc- ~B~X H 3aBOj~r~/, 14 yqpe>K~eHrig, rt r~peJlCTaBnTeH~Hnt~b~ nperpacHorO r~o- Ha. OPa14TaCTHqecKHe 3apa6OTrH, ~oporoanana , HeyBepenHOCTh B 3aB- TpaIJ.[HeM /131e, 6ecIIpH3OpHOCTB, qyBCTBO CaMOCTOHTeHBHOCT14 H YIpe:>K~e- BpeMeHHBIC p0MaHBI -- BOT, II0-M0eMy, IIp14q14HhI pacIIyII~eHHOeT14, ~0- eo~qu.~e~ ;~o IIeqaHBHBIX c.rlytf,aeB " Ok/[. Ky3M14H, 'Hp14q14HbI 14 C.rle~CTBH,q', Bt4p~ent , re ne~OMOCTn, 1916, 29 CeHTH6pH, C. 4. K pO3aHOBCKOlYl aY/HIO31414 B nepBofi qbpa3e - cp. "Kor;~a HaqaSmCTBO ymHo" -- CM. npnM. 16). YroJ~oBHaH H rrepaepcnBHO-gpOTHqecKa~ MOTHBHKa conpoBoT,<J~aeT I"IO- ~BHeHHe J~eTCi~ y Ky3MriHa H B KOHOpHTHOM " C T p a ~ o M c~y'qae" H3

Oeuvre pos thume K y ~ m u a 4 7 7

10

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'FleqKri B 6ane ' (MapT 1926); cy~q no R1teBnnrOBO~t aanrlcn Ky3MnHa OT 14 mona 1926 r. ("I-lpnner n cpa3y COH n TOmZOBaHHe nO qbpei~;~y. Ko- neqHo, oil rp~t31Ihl~ a<rt~ rI CneKyn~nT, HO racaeTcn riHTepeCHblX aemegi [...] Ha ~ o u T a H r e KynaioTca Ma~I, qrlU_tKn. 3aR~,~ y nnX pa3BrtBatOTC~ p a n s m e ~pyroro. B ReTcK[nx] CHOBZ~[eHrtaX] OHn paBHOtiennbI no- nOB[LIM] oprattaM"; tinT. no: H. A. 130rOMO~IOB, 'Bo rpy r " ~ o p e n n " , MH- x a ~ Ky3Mmt I4 pyccKaa Kym, rypa X X Betca. TesHc~a I4 MaTepigaa~x KondpepeH~npz 15-17Maa 1990 r. [COCT. n peR. F. A. Mopesa], 51enrmrpaR 1990, c. 208) 3TOT, BOO6me CBOl~CTBennr~lia Ky3MHHy, OCO6SI~ paxypc B3rztzRa n COOTBeTCTByIomaa eMy nO3THXa "y~acHoro naTypa~HaMa" (~neBnrm, 18 CenTa6p~I 1927 r.; TaM ~ e , c. 210) 6blurt, BO MnOrOM, 3a- ;~an~i neCOMHeUn~IM BrteyaT~eHneM OT aTenn~ TeKCTOB (1)pe~a. rlrlcbMO 51ex~neBa K Ky3MnHy OT 14 ~HBap~ 1923 r. (My3e~ AnnbI AXMaTOBO~ B qbonTammM ~0Me). O E. F. AnbTmy~ep CM. TaK)re B nrtcsMe M. IiIarHnaH K ~. H. B~IrO~CKOMy OT 23 MapTa 1923 r.: J/n~4a. Bnorpadp~g~zecm4~ aa~MaHax, 1, MOCKBa-CaHxT-IIeTep6ypr 1992, C. 91. B xont ie 1924 r. 51ea(ueB npe~aa ran Ky3MrIHy 3anecTn rio TOMy ) re a~pecy py ronncb r~aB poMana P~gMCK~re vy,~eca (nHCSMO OT 22 ReKa6pa - PFA51H, dp. 232, On. 1, E~. Xp. 265, 5I. 2a), o XOTOpO~ KpriTriaecxn OTO- 3Banc~[ B c~egyao~eM rmcsMe OT 8 MapTa 1925 r. (TaM)re, 51. 5-506). CM., naHp~4Mep, B pyCCKOM r~epeBo~e: PyKOBO~CTBO K MOeMy MeTO~y, MOCKBa 1916; MeTOA nayqHOB neAarorHK~4, 1"lptfMeH~'tOMI, II;1 K ~eTCKOMy nocmgTaHmo ~ "~OMaX pe6eHKa", 4-e n3R., MOCKBa 1920; n~O. OaepK nCTOp~n ne;~osiornH B CCCP CM. B KH.: AneKcaH;ap 9TKnHa, 9poc HeBO3MO2fftOFO. I/[CTOpH)I HcHxoaHa.g~43a B POCCHH, CaHKT-HeTep6ypr 1993, CC. 311-341. l-le;zarorguec~aa 9Hq~K~7oneAtna (nor peR. A. F. KanaumnroBa rrpH y~acTnn M. C. 9nmTei~na), T. 1, MOC~Ba 1927, CTa6. 202. BneqaTaeitrm OT BcTpeqH c m4onepaMH - csepCTHHKaMH (I)oMBI -- cp. B ~HeBHHKOBOffl 3aIIHCH Ky3Mrfna OT 21 mOna 1925 r.: "r io )KyrOBCKOi~ nmn ycTazmm 'nH0nepbf . BriepeRn ReB0qKa neT 14 B niTaHax, c3a~/4 roJ~sie MaJIbHHLIIKH, B pore MaKapa. EprlTb~e, cyTynb~e, C ~JIHH1-1blMH pyKaMH, 6pnT~Mn FOJ~OBaMI4 H yHbI~70 6acaMn nenH KaKne-TO ~eTCKrie npH- 6ayT~n. KaKoe pa6CTBO. BOT KocHa~ Macca." A. E. 3aYlKHH~, 1-'[OflOBOI~ Bo17poc B yCflOBVIYlX COBeTCKOI~ 06I.~eCTBeHHOCTI4. C6opHpzK CraTe~, 51eHHHrpa;~ 1926, CC. 100, 65, 83. Cp. B ero KH.: O~epg~4 KyzbTypbI peBO~TIO~4OHHOrO BpeMetlPL C60pHgK CTaTeB, MocrBa 1924, c 49 H czea. O neO6XORriMOCTrl cnetiHa.u~,Horo pacCMOTpeHri~ aHTHCeMrtTrtaMa I(y3- Mnna 3a~B~-Inytocb ne pa3 (CM. aCTyn. CTaTSIO H. A. 13oroMonoBa n C. B. l l lyMnxnna K ny6smKatinH ~UeBHHKa 1921 rosa: MtiHyBmee. HCTOptiqec- ~:z4~ am, MaHaX, 12, Paris 1991, c. 429; CM. TaKa<e: A. F. TnModpeen, 'CeMb na6pocKOB 1( nopTpeTy M. A. Ky3MrXHa', M. Ky3MnH, ApeHa. PIz6paHHbXe CTtgXOTBOpeHHa, CanKT-HeTep6ypr 1994, c. 38). ~rLq n a m e r o nas~oa<enna cymecTBenno OTMeTHTB 6riorpaqbriqecKyTo (n, Bri~rIMO, oTqaCTrl I4~ell-

478 r ~ e S M o p e n

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nyIO) 6JmaOCTb Ky3M14Ha n B. B. POaaHOBa (no2;po6Hee CM. HalL[ KOM- MeHTap141~l B KH.: M. Ky3M14H, ,~HCBHI4K 1934 rOSa, CaHKT-HeTep6ypr 1998, CC. 271-273). O63op pOCC14/lCr.~X sap14aLt141~ eBpe~tcKoI~ TeMbl B COLI,14OKyJ/bTypHOM KOHTCKCTC BpeMCHH Co3~aH14~I 'YLqTH paaroBOpOB...' CM.: Mr~xami 3OJIOTOHOCOB, 'iacTcp ~I MaprapnTa' KaK IIyTeBO~IITeIIb 110 cy6KyJzbrype pyccKoro aHrnCeMnTr43Ma (CPA), CaHKT-HeTep6ypr 1995, CC. 11-14. OqeBr~HO, B CTOnb npr~TstraTen~Hym ~ Ky3MI4Ha FepMaH14m: cp. yno- MrlHaH14e O HaCTOaII4eM pe~tHe- MapKa 3TOFO HeMeI.tKoro Br114a, KaK 3aMew14JI R::~. MaJ'IhMCTa~ (John E. Malmstad, '"You must remember this": Memory 's Shorthand in a Late Poem of Kuzmin', Studies in the Life and Works of Mixail Kuzmin [Ed. John E. Mahnstad], Wien 1989, p. 138), B HOgTHqeCKOI~I M14qbOJIOF14H Ky3Mmta cJIyYKHT OJ:IMOlYl I43 c14rHaTyp CBO- 60J~I0~ II03T14qeeKo~ >K1431414. HMeeTc~[ B B~ll~y nyTeBOYl JIHeBH14K PalInOBOfl. CM.: AHHa PaJ1ylOBa, 'HyTemecTB14e no CPpamm14. 1925', (ny6n. K. H. JIeBnHOfl n A. YI. ~[/~n- Tpe14KO) MHHyBmee. HcropI4~IecKm~ a~t, MaHax, 23, CaHKT-HeTep6ypr 1998, CC. 533-560. Cornacno RHeBH14Ky, OnrI BnRennc~ 9 mOJL~ 1925 r.; 3 aBrycTa 1925 r. B RHeBH14Ke ynOM14HaeTca He143BeCTnOe HaM n14ChMO Ilea<HeBa KyaMrany. HX nepenncHa, paccpe2ioToyeHHa~ HbIHe nO HeCHOSmK14M apxaBaM (PFAJIH, I_[FAJ]H CH6., My3e~ AHHbl AXMaTOBO~t B @OHTaHHOM ROMe), K co:~aneHIaO, ~oulna ~Io Hac He nOnHOCTt, IO: He coxpaHrtJ114Cb, nO- BHJIHMOMy, II14CbMa KyaM1414a 14 qaCTb n14ceM J-le~14eBa. CM.: Fp14rop14fl @afiMaH, 'CMeHa sex Hal< ToYHa~ nayHa. 1926 rOJI. BI, I- c~urHa Hcaa JIe~<HeBa 143 POCCH14', HezaB~4C~4Ma,'l ra3era, 1995, 18 OKTa- 6p~t, C. 5. CM. TaKe<e: M. ArypcrHfl, 'l-lepenHcKa H. JIe~HeBa n H. YCTp~- noBa', Slavica Hierosolymitana, 1981, Vol. V-VI, pp. 553-554, 585-587. CM.: Yl. qbneflmMaH, P. Xbm3, O. PaeBcraa-X~m3, Pyccrt4tl Eep.rmH. 1921- 1923, Paris 1983, c. 37. HaKaHyHe BXO~rtna B Hpyr qTeHaa KyaM14Ha, OCeHblO 1922 rosa CHe~HaYlt, HhlM II14CI~MOM npe~cTaBnTen~ MOCKOBCI<Offl peJialo_~1414 np14rnameHHOrO H COTpy~HqecTBy B ra3eTe. Ky3M14H oily- 6~m<oBaJI Tp14 CT14XOTBOpeHHn B J/14TepaTypHOM l-lpnnoa<eH1414 N_o 35 OT 14 ~14Bap~ 1923 r.; noRpo6Hee CM.: A. F. T14MoqbeeB, 'M14xaml Ky3M14/t 14 H3JIaTeYlbCTBO "I-leTponon14c" (HOBble MaTepHa.rli~l 1-io HCTOp1414 "pyccKOFO Bepn14Ha")', PyccKaa znTepaTypa, 1991, No 1, c. 194. Ylro6on~ITnO, qTO OJl~Ia H3 "noJI14T14qecH14x" pelln14K KOHhKOBOITI B paccKa3e (o "COBeTH3/4- pyloIII14XC$I" BM14FpaHTaX) BTOp14T BhI3BaBILIe~I O6II~eCTBeHHI, IPl CKatlJIaJI xapaHTep14CT14Ke qaCTI4 neTep6yprc~14x nnTepaTopoB 143 orly6nHKOBaH- 140ro 4 14IOH~ 1922 r. B J-lr~TepaTypHoM Flp14no~enn14 i< Ha~a~yHe nr~c~Ma Kopnea tlyrcoBcroro A. H. TOnCTOMy; cp.: "[...] He ~yMaflTe, qTO aMn- rpanT~,I TOm, r o 3a rpaHHae~t [...] Te, KOTOpl~Ie a<rmyT 3)Iecb, eme 6ore, me 3a py6e~OM, qeM B~I." O. Man2IesmtUTaM, '5114TepaTypHaa MOCKBa. Poa<~eH14e qba6ym, f , Pocc~ta, 1922, N_o 3, cc. 26-27. Cp. npn3Ha1414e YcTpanoBa: "Y MeH~ 5bInO He-

Oeuvre posthume Kyz~tuna 479

23

24

25 26

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KOTOpOe,- 6r~ITB MOmeT, H COMHHTe~BHOe, --rlpeHMylUeCTBO llepCl-leKTI, l- ~hl, 'naqboca ;~rlcTant~rm'" (H. YCTp~HOB, 'Moa nepenncKa c H. F . . I l em- neBmM', Slavica Hierosolymitana, 1981, Vol. V-VI, p. 552). Cp.: George Cheron, 'Mixail Kuzmin and the Obefiuty: An Overview' , Wiener S1awistischer Almanach, 1983, Bd. 12, S. 96; H. A. BOrOMOnOB, ~mOn 9. MaJIMCTa,~, Mnxar~7 I~y3MI4H: I4CKyCCTBO, X4t.I3Hb, ~rtoxa, MOCI<Ba 1996, CO. 272-273. l~nT. nO: II. B. ~MraTp14es, '"AxaEeM-Jaqec]<rI~" Ky3Mrm', Russian Studies, 1995, 1-3, p. 151. Cp.: H. A. BOrOMOaOB, ~mOH 9. ManMCTa~, Mnxar~r KyaMI4H: I4cKyccTBO, )I4143Hb, ~l-lOXa, C. 250. H. B. ~MnTp14eB, '"Ara~eMrI~ecKn~t" Ky3Mrm', C. 155. Cp. o COBeTCKHX nepenMeHoBanH~x 14 06 oTpameHnr~ aTOiI TeM~,X B Zr~TepaType 1920-x rO~OB B KOMMenTap14zX IO. K. II~er~oBa r poMany ~nena~t~aTb cryJrbeB: H. Hzbqb, E. HeTpOB, ~nena~arz, cTya~en. KOM- MeHTapnn r pOMaHy '~neHa~z~aTs cTyJrsen', MOCKBa 1995, CC. 533-535. K ~TOMy me p~,/~¢ aceMa14THqecKHX HOMHHa~Hfl lqpHHa~JIemHT ~ Ky3- Mm-Ia 14 HOBOe 14M~.'I nopamennof l "HOBO~/3OM" CTpaHBI -- CeMI, IOTHqecKa~I, no CyTH, npo6~eMaTr~ra, BocnpHHaTa~I Ky3MHHB~M B pycne OHTO.IIO- rH3Hpy~OI.~efl ee peJ/HrHO3140-dpHY~OCOqbCKO~ TpaRmtm~ n, KpOMe TOFO, qpe3Bblqal~HO aKTya.rlbHa~[ B CoBpeMeHHOI~I eMy KyJlbTypHol~l C14Tya~l, ltl (cp. HMaCnaBne), napz~y c xpr~cTHancrofl aKcnoaornefl , CTa14OBnTC~, TaKHM 06pa3oM, Kp14Tep~a.r/bHOfl B 14eJ~ByCMbIC~eHHOtt oI~eHKe COBeT- cK0ro rocy~apcTBa, l'lpeJ~cTaIOIL~ero KaK 14yCT0fl HHTeHCHOHaH, O6"beKT, m~meHm,~fl "Cytm~OCT14" C[...] HeyRo6HO cayxy. / Henape,m14HOta 6~,~T~ cTpaHa He M0meT. / O,I~H14M14 ~HTepaM14 He clTaCTHC~. / IIpo)KI, ITB He~b3~ 6e3 Bepr~ r~ na~em~bi / H 6e3 aapz , nncnocnaHnoro BOrOM / [...] / Ho ~T14X 3a Jf~o~efl ~ He CqHTaIO. / Be~b caMrl OT ce6a orm OTBepFHHCB / I/[ OT ;a3,mr~ 6eccMepTHOfl OTKa3an14cr~" ["He ry6ep14aTopma ctt~ena c oqbrme- pOM...", 1924]; O ceMal-iTl,13aI~l, IH rpaqbH~ecKoro Ha,~epTaHna cTaporo n noBor0 14MeH rocyRapcTBa B naqane 1920-x rOROB -- Ha6ope I~O,~qepKHyTO ~14crpeTHSXX nnTep "P.C.Op.C.P." r~ "npOTHBOCTOamefl npepsmriCTOCTn 3T01~I a66peBHaTyps~" "C.rIHTHOCTH 6yKBHa" yH14Ka.rII~HOFO Tor~a 14a3BaHH~I POCC~L~ Ha 06~omre J~emHeBcKoro mypHaJ~a - CM. B yKa3. ny6H. M. qy~aKOBOfl: HoBbffl Mllp, 1987, No 8, c. 180), TorRa KaK ~I~4mb B npol lecce CeMHO314ca ("HeO6XO~HMOIYl HOMeHKYIaTypbI" B TepMHHaX Ky3MIIHa) Iipe- o~o~eBaeTc~ MepTB~tr~a~ aBTOMaTHqHOCTI~ 1~I IIOCTHFaeTc~I "BHyTpeHH~I~I opran143att14n" M~pa ("J;I Hamen BCeMy cBoe MeCTO, a Hame~ ocb, ttenTp, C.aOBO"; ' I I p o r y ~ Fys~') . Ana.~orr~qm,m "HapymenrI~" B MexaHn3Me c14rmlqbrma~rm TeMaTH3HpyIOTCn r~ B ~pyr~x TeKcTax KyaMHna (cp.: ' ~ qeMy HaM npoc~,maT~,Cn, eca-H 3aBTpa / YBH,~HM Te me KoqKr~ H ~opory, / F~e nam~a c HaJ~rlHCI~IO 'Hp0cne~T no6eJ£, / J-laBqonKy ~ Ka6ar na nepe~pecwre / ~ a owropomeHHym J~ymy - 'KamIwoJmi~'" [ 'HepeceJ~emI~' 1926]; cp. waKme 'l-IprlpoJIa nprlpo~cwByro~aa n np14poJ~a onpnpoJIeH14a~' H 'CBeT MyjIpOCTn yKpolIlaeT cTpaCTrt' H3 'I-[aHopaMh! C BbmOCKaMrl', 1926).

480 Fae6 MopeB

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CM,: OMpH POHeH, 'CtlMBOJIHKa MHxar~Ia Ky3MHHa B CB~3H C eFO KomlemtHeia mmrrt :~I~3HIg, Readings in Russian Modernism. To Honor V.E. Markov (Ed. Ronald Vroon, John E. Malmstad), Moscow 1993, pp. 291- 298. CM.: M. F. PaTray3, 'KyaMnn-I<rmOapI~Te:rm', cc. 61 Ia cste~. L~HT. FIO" t.IaCTl, p e ~ , A.ribMaHax .rltlTepa TypbI H PICKyCCTBa, NO 1, Hmo- ~opK 1980, c. 99 (ny6JI. r . r. IIIMaKOBa). FloMemenne 6HorpaqbaMH Ky3- MIIHa 9TOFO CTHXOTBOpeHH~ (paBltO KaK I4 oIIy6JIHKOBaHHOFO Ky3MI4Ht, IM B 1927 r. CTHXOTBOpemI~ 1924 r. 'Opqbe~r) 13 crmcoK "HeO6Hapy~KeHHSlX" (H. A. ]30rOMOJIOB, ~:a<OH 9. Ma~MCTa~, Mnxana Ky3Mm¢: X4CKyCCTBO, ~n3nb, 9noxa, c. 247) rleo6~aCHrIMo (cp. OTCyTCT13He 9THX TeKCTOB 13 COCTa13JIeHtIOM H. A. BOFOMOJ'IOBI~IM/:13JIaHrIrl CTtlXOTBOpeHI4IYl Ky3MIIHa B HoBoia Bn6JmoTeKe rm3Ta). l~rIr, no: Hosoe anreparypnoe o6o3penne, 1994, No 7, c. 175 (ny6n. C. B. IIIyMHXHHa). ABTOXapaKTeprlCTHKa H3 JIHeBHI4KOBOlYl 3anr~cn Ky3M~IHa OT 30 cerlT~lOp~l 1925 r.: "qHTaa rlO-HeMeliKit '[He~Horo] HocHqba' [rlMeewc~ 13 BrlJ~ r~3RaHr~e: M. M. Kuzmin, 'Der zartliche Josef', Dt. von A. Eliasberg, Mtin- chen 1920]-J~rrKa~ n cwpaHHaa Bem~, [...] Hanrlcan Jm 6si n Tenept, TaK? Be3yc~OBHO. CMeJIOCT]b ~pOCTOj~ftLWOt y MeH~ OCTa~acl~." Cp. P. ~. TrIMeHYHK, B. H. TormpoB, T. B. ~rIBS~H, 'AxMaTOBa rf Ky3Mrm', Russian Literature, 1978, VI-III, p. 243. CM. K. Xapep, '"Bepnyc~, KaK o6oJIpanHa~ 6esma B Koaece". FIHCbMa MH- xar~aa KyaMrma K It. H. Bnoxy (1924-1928)', IIIecTI, ze TbmaHOBCKne 'tTe- HI45L Te3HCl, I /:~OKJ'I~OB H MaTepl4adIbr ~ ogcy>K~eHHa, Plara-MOCKBa 1992, c. 234 (ImCLMO OT 9 rlIOaa 1927 r.). TaM me, c. 225 (rmcr~Mo BJIoxy OT 15 OKTa6ps 1924 r.). CM.: George Cheron, 'HeH3BecTrmle TeI<CTra M. A. Ky3Mrma', Wiener Sla- wistischer Almanach, 1984, Bd. 14, SS. 372-382; 3TOT x e TeKCT rlepe- ne~aTaH ~ KH.: M. KyaMHH, Hposa, IX, HecodpagHaJ~npo3a (pe~. rt nprIM. B. MapKoBa H alp. IIIo~l~I~a, Berkeley 1990, cc. 377-394: M. KyaMrm, IIo~seMH~e p y ~ 4 . H36panHa~ ~lposa (COCT., rlOC~IeC~lOBHe H npHM. A. IlypI~Ha), CaHKT-IIeTep6ypr 1994, CC. 395-404. B rloc~IeaHee BpeM~I 13 HeqaTI~ HeCKOJIBKO pa3 BbIcKaaBIBaJIOCB OCHOBaH- Hoe HCKJnOqHTeJIr~HO Ha lapeJIaHHOM B 1990 ro~¢ raacaocTr~ dpaKTe 3Ha- KOMCTSa opraHo~ HKB~ c Jlnemtr~xOM KyaMaHa B 1934-1940 ro~ax npeRnoJIoxeHHe o pOKOBO~ posm IIOJIaTI4qeCKlaX tt HHTHMItBIX /IMeBHH- KOBblX 3alI~Cei~ Ky3MHHa B cy~s6e tO. H. [OpKyHa I4 HeKOTOpblX Apyrrlx JlHl~, BXOAHBIIIHX B oKpy;~KettHe Ky3MHHa 13 COBeTCKtte ro/lY~I (CM., Ha- IIpI~Mep: A. F. TrtMoqbee~, 'CeMI~ Ha6pocKoB K nopTpeTy M. KyaMrma', cc. 34-35; M~xaHzi KpaJIHH, 'HcTopHa O~mOfl qboTorpaqbrm', PHCK, MocKsa 1995, No 1, c. 94). K B~cKaaaHHL~M HaMrI panee npe~ilOaOX~eHri~M 06 9THqeCKOI~ H dpaKTttqeCKOl~l COMHHTeJII~HOCTtt 9T0!~ Bepcrm (CM.: Die6 MopeB, ' I Io rlOBO/Iy IIeTep6yprcK~x rlaJIaH~fl M. KyaMrma', HoBoe awrepaTypHoe 0603peHHe, 1995, N_o 11, CC. 331-332) rlpH6aSr~M Tenep~,,

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qTO B cJIeJICTBeHHOM JIe~Ie tOpKyna J~HeBHHK tie ylIOMHHaeTCH HH pa3y, a caMoe 14M~ I(y3MHHa, HeCKOJIBKO pa3 Ha3BaHHOe I'OpKyHOM, He rIpH- BJIeY,.rlO B xo~e ~orlpoca 1~rtKaKoro ~OHOTIHHTeJ/BHOFO BHHMaHHH CO CTO- pOHBI cYIeJ~GTBHH. TaK>Ke CJIe~OBaTeJIHMH, cocpeJ~OTOqeHHBIMH HCKJIIOqH- TeJIbHO Ha pa3pa60TKe "TeppOp14cTHqecKol~I" BepcHH 05BHHeHH~I, COBep- llleHHO 6bI.rI I1pO14rHOp14pOBaH (14.rill OCTaJICH HM HeH3BeCTHBIM) qbaKT FOMOCeKcyaJIBHOCT14 IOpKyHa (~IO)IpOSHee 0 xapaKTepe "IIHCaTe.IIBCKOrO ~esm" 1938 r. CM. B rly6~rmai~14H 9. Ilhle~t~epMaHa: 3nes,~a, 1996, No 1, cc~ 82-126). 3acJiyx14BaeT BttrIMaHHH I4 rtaJio;~eHHoe H. EOrOMOTIOBI, IM (Km4mHoe oSospe~lx4e, 1996, 23 anpeJIg, c. 17) rlpe~ilOSmxeu14e A. B. FpH6aHOBa O CBH314 H3"bHT14~'I J~HeBHHKa Ky3MHHa C "BHyTpeHHe~I" IIOJI14- T14KOI~l olipe~eJiettHOl~i qaCT14 pyKOBO~CTBa FFIY-HKBJ~ "noc~Ie cMepT14 MeH>KHItCKOFO". 3aMeT14M, OJ]:14aKo, qTO J~HeBHHK 5r~vI 143~T B dpeBpaJIe 1934 rosa, TOr)Ia KaK MeHX14HCK141Yl yMep ~ Mae. CM., Hanp14Mep, ~HemmKOBylO 3an14c~ ~. ~P, Fo~-Iep6axa OW 8 ~eKa6pu 1938 r.: 'M. A. KyaM14H B ~Hemt14rcax 9. cI). FoJIJIep6axa' (ripe;~. I4 ny6JI. E. A. F o ~ e p 6 a x a ) , MI4xaH~7 KySMnH n pyccKaa Kym, Typa XX BeKa, c. 230.