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The effectiveness of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the vibration emission of stone hammers Prepared by the Health and Safety Executive RR1163 Research Report

of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

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Page 1: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

The effectiveness of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the vibration emission of stone hammers

Prepared by the Health and Safety Executive

RR1163 Research Report

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© Crown copyright 2020 Prepared 2015 First published 2020 You may reuse this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view the licence visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/, write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email [email protected]. Some images and illustrations may not be owned by the Crown so cannot be reproduced without permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be sent to [email protected].

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and

Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or

conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not

necessarily reflect HSE policy.

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is a painful and disabling disorder of the blood vessels, nerves and joints, caused by exposure to hand transmitted vibration, often from use of power tools. HAVS is preventable, but once damage is done, it is irreversible.

The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 require manufacturers to minimise machinery vibration risk and declare vibration emission. British standard test codes can be used for this declaration. Manufacturers must also provide information to enable any residual risk (after minimisation by the manufacturer) to be assessed and effectively managed. The information should identify any gap between the risk indicated by the declared vibration emission and the likely actual risk during use: however this information is often missing.

This report will be of interest to standards makers and technical specialists dealing with hand-arm vibration emission standards. It describes work carried out up until 2013 to investigate BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, a British Standard that defines a vibration emission test code for stone hammers.

The research shows that different techniques for using stone hammers can result in wide variations in vibration magnitudes. The variations suggest test reproducibility may be poor, but in the absence of comparable manufacturers’ data this could not be assessed.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

consectetuer adipiscing elit

Sue Hewitt, Graeme Hunwin and Mick Mole Health and Safety Executive Harpur Hill Buxton Derbyshire SK17 9JN

The effectiveness of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the vibration emission of stone hammers

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KEY MESSAGES

Prolonged exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand can cause painful and disabling

disorders of the blood vessels, nerves and joints. These health effects are referred to as Hand

Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS). HAVS is preventable, but once the damage is done, it is

permanent.

This report describes work carried out on stone hammers up until 2013. It will be of interest to

standards makers and technical specialists dealing with hand arm vibration emission standards.

It describes an investigation of BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, the British standard that defines a

vibration emission test code for stone hammers to establish vibration emission information for

the management of risk.

The work has shown that the test is repeatable; the operators can control the tool, and hence the

vibration of the tool, to achieve repeatable results.

Techniques for use of stone hammers adopted by different operators can result in wide

variations in vibration magnitudes on both the tool body and the chisel; this may be due to

different operating forces or due to changing the airline pressure. The variations suggest

reproducibility may be poor, but in the absence of comparable manufacturers’ data this could

not be assessed.

Use of the a+K values from BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 stone hammer emission test was a

reasonable representation of the vibration risk determined during typical use for three of the four

tools tested for this research.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background

Prolonged exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand can cause painful and disabling

disorders of the blood vessels, nerves and joints. These health effects are referred to as Hand

Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS). HAVS is preventable, but once the damage is done, it is

permanent.

The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 requires manufacturers to minimise

vibration risk from their machinery and to declare the vibration emission. The measurement

method and operating conditions to determine vibration emission must be specified; this may be

by reference to a British standard, which must include the appropriate part number and date.

Following publication of the British standard test codes, and in anticipation of declared

vibration emission data being used to assess and manage workplace risk, the Health and Safety

Executive (HSE) began to investigate the relationship between vibration emission measured

according to British standards and the vibration measured in use. This report describes the

findings from tests conducted for stone hammers up until 2013, to establish vibration emission

information for the management of risk.

Objectives

The current standard test code for measurement of vibration emission of stone hammers is BS

EN ISO 28927-11:2011 “Hand-held portable power tools – Test methods for evaluation of

vibration emission. Part 11: Stone hammers”. The work described in this report had three aims:

1. To assess the standard test defined in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 for usability,

repeatability and where possible for reproducibility.

2. To compare vibration emission values according to BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 with

vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions and to consider the

factors that might influence the relationship between the two.

3. To produce information regarding the above investigations, so that HSE can better

inform users and suppliers of machines of the worth of vibration emission data

measured in accordance with BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 in terms of assessing the risk

from vibration exposure.

Main findings

Four tools were acquired for testing according to BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011. Three of the tools

had declared emission values and a variety of standards were quoted in these declarations. None

of the declarations were made in accordance with BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011. Verification

comparisons according to BS EN 12096:1997 have therefore not been possible.

The test in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 was shown to be repeatable. However the large

uncertainty values, K, obtained in the HSE emission tests highlight the variability between

operators, due to different operating techniques. The operator influence on the vibration of a

stone hammer and chisel is also evident during typical use and can be due to differences in

operating forces, or due to changing the airline pressure to suit the task. Variations in airline

pressure were also shown to have a significant influence on measured vibration magnitudes.

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In most cases, the hardness of the work piece did not have a significant influence on the

vibration of the tool body.

Declaration values for the tool body alone may be inadequate where a stone hammer is used

with a non-captive chisel that comes in to contact with the operator’s hand. BS EN ISO 28927-

11:2011 stipulates a declaration of > 30 m/s2 in this situation, but this may be a substantial over-

estimate of the likely magnitude for some tools.

The ability of the BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 emission data to reflect workplace risk may be

judged by comparing the measured emission values, a, with the workplace vibration

magnitudes. Based on the limited data collected here, the a emission values measured on the

tool body exceeded the in-use vibration in only 1 of the 4 cases (25%). However, the a+K

emission value, reached or exceeded the in-use vibration in 3 out of 4 (75%) of cases and

consequently could be regarded as a reasonable indicator of real use risk.

There is a lack of information about the influence of the operating styles of experienced

operators on the vibration of the tools they are using. There is also a lack of knowledge about

the extent of the variations of airline pressure that occur during normal work processes by

trained stone masons. Such knowledge might indicate if changes to airline pressure might affect

typical daily exposures and determine if there is any scope for developing best practice guidance

for particular tasks in the industry.

There may be some circumstances, for example when using lower-powered stone hammers,

where proprietary vibration-reducing holders might reduce the vibration both on the tool body

as well as on the chisel. There is a lack of knowledge on this. Also the durability of such devices

and how the performance varies over a typical lifespan are not yet known.

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CONTENTS

KEY MESSAGES ............................................................................................... 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................... 5

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 9 1.1 Declaration of vibration emission ............................................................. 9 1.2 Outline of work ....................................................................................... 10

2 METHOD ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 Tools tested ........................................................................................... 11

2.2 Emission tests ........................................................................................ 11

2.3 In-use measurements ............................................................................ 15

3 RESULTS .............................................................................................. 17 3.1 Emission test results .............................................................................. 17 3.2 In-use measurement results .................................................................. 18

4 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................ 20

4.1 Manufacturers’ declared and HSE measured emission ......................... 20 4.2 HSE measured emission data for tool body ........................................... 21

4.3 HSE measured emission data for chisels .............................................. 22 4.4 Influence of airline pressure on vibration ............................................... 24 4.5 HSE vibration data for all tools and chisels ............................................ 26

4.6 Comparison of emission and in-use data ............................................... 27 4.7 Emission values as indicators of risk ..................................................... 29

5 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................... 32

6 KNOWLEDGE GAPS ............................................................................ 33

7 REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 34

ANNEX A - EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING ........................................................ 35

ANNEX B - MOUNTING LOCATIONS ............................................................ 36

ANNEX C - EMISSION TEST RESULTS ......................................................... 37

ANNEX D - FIELD TEST DATA ....................................................................... 55

ANNEX E - RESULTS FOR SITE#2’S OWN STONE HAMMERS .................. 77

ANNEX F - RESULTS OF ANOVA COMPARISONS ...................................... 78

ANNEX G - POTENTIAL INFLUENCES ON TOOL BODY EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ........................................................................................... 81

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G.1 Influence of hardness of work piece .......................................................... 81 G.2 Influence of chisel type .............................................................................. 82 G.3 Influence of vibration reducing chisel holder .............................................. 83

ANNEX H - POTENTIAL INFLUENCES ON CHISEL EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ........................................................................................... 87

H.1 Influence of work piece on chisel vibration emission ................................. 87 H.2 Influence of tool on chisel vibration emission ............................................. 88 H.3 Influence of operator on chisel vibration emission ..................................... 89

ANNEX I - INFLUENCE OF AIRLINE PRESSURE ON STONE HAMMER VIBRATION MAGNITUDE ............................................................................... 91

I.1 Method ........................................................................................................ 91 I.2 Results ........................................................................................................ 91

I.3 Discussion and Conclusions ........................................................................ 95 I.4 Further work ................................................................................................ 95

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has an on-going programme of research, carried out by

staff at its research laboratory at Buxton. HSE has been investigating the relationship between

manufacturers’ declared vibration emission, HSE measured emission and vibration measured

during simulated real, or real use for different categories of tool. The current programme of

research aims to investigate the emission test codes for hand-held, portable machine tools

defined in the BS EN 28927 series of standards. These test codes have been produced in line

with the requirements of BS EN ISO 20643, which specifies, amongst other things, that the

emission values from test codes should reflect the upper quartile of in-use vibration. This report

describes an investigation of the effectiveness of BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 concerning the

vibration of stone hammers. In particular, the work addresses the question of whether the

revised test code is capable of producing data that reflect the actual vibration risks associated

with use of machines that fall within its scope.

The BS EN ISO 28927 series of test codes is a revision of the older BS EN ISO 8662 series,

which previous research by HSE showed to be unsuitable for the purposes of risk assessment

(eg Hewitt et al 1999). BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for

needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO 8662-14:1997.

1.1 DECLARATION OF VIBRATION EMISSION

The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 require that, among other information,

suppliers of machinery must declare the vibration emission of their tools and machines. The

purpose of declaring such information is to allow purchasers and users of tools and machinery

to make informed choices regarding the safety of a potential purchase.

The declaration of vibration emission is based on the application of a standard test for a machine

or tool. The purpose of the standard test is to provide a repeatable and reproducible method of

producing a vibration emission value for declaration purposes. In the case of emission testing,

repeatability and reproducibility are defined as:

• Repeatability - the ability of the test to repeat the result for a specific product upon repeat of

the series of tests for the tool, using the same group of operators and the same test and

measurement system.

• Reproducibility - the ability of the test to reproduce the result for a specific product upon

conducting the series of tests for the same tool in different test houses, with each test house

using their own group of operators and their own test and measurement system.

In practice it has been difficult to design a standard test that is both based on a realistic

operation and provides the repeatability and reproducibility sought by manufacturers. The

standard tests are therefore often based on artificial operations.

The BS EN ISO 28927 series is a revision of the BS EN ISO 8662 series of test codes, which

brings the test codes for pneumatic tools into line with the requirement for triaxial

measurements of vibration. The BS EN ISO 28927 series of test codes specifies measurements

on both the tool body and the chisel, with declaration of the vibration emission at the higher

hand. The procedures for some machines have also been modified to make the test conditions

more representative of real work and thereby produce vibration emission values that better

represent the likely vibration risk from use of the machine. The target value for emission tests,

as defined in BS EN ISO 20643:2008+A1:2012, is for declared vibration emission values to

reflect the upper quartile of in-use vibration.

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1.1.1 Emission declaration

The declaration of vibration emission values is standardised under BS EN 12096:1997. This

standard gives the following vibration-related definitions:

1. Measured vibration emission value, a, in m/s²: A value that represents the measured

vibration emission value of a single machine or the mean value of a sample from a batch of

machines.

2. Uncertainty, K, in m/s²: A value representing the measurement uncertainty of the measured

vibration emission value a, and also, in the case of batches, production variations of

machinery.

3. Declared vibration emission value, a+K: The sum of the measured vibration emission

value, a, and its associated uncertainty, K. The a+K value indicates the limit below which

the vibration value of an individual machine, and/or a specified large proportion of the

vibration values of a batch of machines, are stated to lie when the machines are new.

1.2 OUTLINE OF WORK

The current standard test code for measurement of vibration emission of stone hammers is BS

EN ISO 28927-11:2011 “Hand-held portable power tools – Test methods for evaluation of

vibration emission. Part 11: Stone hammers”. The work described in this report had three aims:

1. To assess the standard test defined in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 for usability,

repeatability and where possible for reproducibility.

2. To compare vibration emission values according to BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 with

vibration magnitudes measured under real operating conditions and to consider the

factors that might influence the relationship between the two.

3. To produce information regarding the above investigations, so that HSE can better

inform users and suppliers of machines of the worth of vibration emission data

measured in accordance with BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 in terms of assessing the risk

from vibration exposure.

To achieve these aims, the vibration emission of four stone hammers was measured according to

the provisions in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011. After completion of the laboratory measurements

of vibration emission, in-use measurements using the same transducer mounting locations were

made so that the emission and field data could be compared. The current standard technique for

workplace exposure measurements is defined in BS EN ISO 5349 parts 1 and 2. In BS EN ISO

5349-2:2001 the transducer mounting locations are defined in the centre of the gripping zone.

This is different from the locations defined in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011. To ensure that

selection of mounting location did not cause a systematic error in the results, the BS EN ISO

28927-11:2011 mounting locations were used for both emission and field measurements.

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2 METHOD

2.1 TOOLS TESTED

Four machines were selected for testing. Details for each machine as provided by the

manufacturer are given in Table 1.

Table 1 Details of the stone hammers tested

ID Sample

number

Mass

Blow

rate

(bpm)

Piston

diameter

Airline

pressure

and

flow rate

Declared emission (m/s²)

Test code

quoted

a K

A NV/11/18 4.41 lb 3000 3/4 in 3 - 6 bar

10.59cfm

N/A - -

B NV/12/02 0.59 kg 3900 16 mm Max 6 bar

-

DIN EN ISO

12100-1/2*

DIN 457

DIN1299

(Year:2012)

8.11 -

C NV/12/03 1.65 to

1.88 kg

5500 5 bar

180 l/min

UNI EN ISO

8662-14:1998

(EN ISO 8662-

14:1996)**

(Year:2012)

4.4§

hammer

1.5

0.42 kg 3.64§

holder

1.7

D NV/12/09 2 3/4

lbs

7/8 in 3.5 - 4.5

bar

4 ½ cfm

EN ISO 8662-

14:1996

15 -

* DIN EN ISO 12100-1:2003 + A1:2009 Safety of Machinery. Basic concepts. General principles for design. Basic terminology, methodology.

DIN EN ISO 12100-2:2003 + A1:2009 Safety of Machinery. Basic concepts. General principles for design. Technical principles.

DIN EN 457:1992-04 Safety of machinery; auditory danger signals; general requirements, design and testing. DIN EN 1299:1997 + A1:2008 Mechanical vibration and shock - Vibration isolation of machines – Information for the

application of source isolation

**ISO 8662-14 is quoted, but the text indicates that the tool was operated on a marble block, not using a dynaload.

§ Data are quoted for both tool body and chisel holder, but are only single axis.

2.2 EMISSION TESTS

All four tools were tested in the laboratory at HSE in accordance with the test code BS EN ISO

28927-11:2011. The test code describes a method that involves operating the tool on a stone

work piece. For each test, three different operators carry out a series of five test runs. After

each set of five tests with one operator, the mean, standard deviation, sn-1, and coefficient of

variation, Cv, are calculated. The Cv is the ratio of the standard deviation of the five

measurements to the mean value of the five measurements.

If the Cv is greater than 0.15, then the standard states that the “measurements shall be checked

for error before data are accepted”. The current test code does not, however, indicate what is

meant by the word “error”, or how to proceed if the Cv is greater than 0.15 and the data do not

contain ‘errors’. This differs from the previous test code, BS EN ISO 8662-14:1996, where, to

be acceptable, testing continues until five consecutive measurements give a value of CV which

should be less than 0.15.

For each tool, the overall arithmetic mean, a, was obtained from the mean values of the three

operators. A value for the uncertainty K for each tool was also calculated from the results of all

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the three operators, according to the provisions of Annex B of BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

where a single tool is used to declare the vibration emission. For emission declarations

according to BS EN 28927-11:2011 both a and K values should be given.

The vibration emissions, a, are given in terms of the vibration total values at each measurement

location. The vibration total value is the root-sum-of-squares of the vibration magnitudes in

three orthogonal axes of vibration.

2.2.1 Equipment

Details of the equipment used for the vibration emission measurements are given in Annex A.

2.2.2 Transducer mounting locations

The transducer mounting locations for the tool are specified in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 for

the different styles of machine. The general principle is that the transducers are located as close

as possible to the hand, between the thumb and the index finger, where an operator normally

holds the machine. Clause 6.2 of BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 states ‘For machines intended for

one-handed operation, it is only necessary to measure at a single point.’ The test code requires

measurement to be made at two locations when the tool has two natural hand positions. The

stone hammers tested here are all single-handed tools and only one measurement location was

required.

Clause 8.4 of BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 states ‘If the hammer is intended for use with a

conventional chisel (without a sleeve) and this is in contact with the operator’s hand in intended

use, it is not usually practicable to measure the vibration on the chisel or bush. However it is

likely that the vibration at this hand position would be much greater than that measured on the

hammer. In such cases, a vibration emission value of “greater than 30m/s²’ shall be declared

(see Clause 9) and measurement is not required.’ The tools tested all use non-captive chisels, ie

chisels that have to be held in the tool by the operator. Measurements of the second hand

location were made on chisels in the emission tests to investigate the validity of the requirement

to declare a value of > 30 m/s².

Annex B contains photographs showing the transducer mounting locations for the three

different styles of machine tested; in-line, pistol grip and closed bow handle.

2.2.3 Data acquisition and analysis

The transducers used for all the measurements were Brüel & Kjær (B&K) type 4393

piezoelectric accelerometers. For measurements on the tool, chisel or vibration-reducing holder,

the accelerometers were bolted on to an aluminium mounting block, which was fixed using a

nylon cable tie fitted using a tensioning gun as shown in Figure 1. The total mass of this

mounting assembly was approximately 18 grams. For measurements made at the rear hand

position or on the tool body (for tools A, B and D), or directly on the chisel, a 1 mm thick butyl

rubber strip was attached to the tool underneath the mounting block to mitigate the effects of the

impulsive vibration and prevent signal distortion in the accelerometers. Where necessary, B&K

type WA0224 mechanical filters were attached to each accelerometer, or the accelerometer

parallel to the direction of the action of the tool, in order to further mitigate the impulsive

effects.

The signals from the accelerometers were amplified using B&K type 2635 charge amplifiers

and analysed using a B&K Pulse multi-channel real-time frequency analyser. Vibration was

measured in unweighted one-third octave bands for each of the three accelerometers at each

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hand position. The one-third octave band data were frequency-weighted in accordance with BS

EN ISO 8041:2005 and then the vibration total values were calculated.

2.2.4 Test material

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 defines a test for stone hammers on a work piece with an apparent

specific weight ranging from 25.0 kN/m3 to 32.5 kN/m3 (the equivalent apparent density is

stated in the standard as 2500 kg/m3 to 3200 kg/m3). Materials that fulfil this specification

include granite, marble or hard limestone.

In the test code, the minimum dimensions of the material are specified as 500 mm x 250 mm x

250 mm. The work piece is mounted on a rigid, heavy base with no resonances below 1 kHz, at

a suitable height to enable the operator to adopt a comfortable upright posture. Two materials

were chosen as work pieces for the tests, these were granite and hard limestone. They were

chosen because they both satisfy, or almost satisfy, the apparent density requirements of the test

(limestone was just slightly below at 2410 kg/m3) and yet the hardness of the two materials is

very different. Granite has a measurement of hardness (Mohs scale) of 6-7 whereas limestone

and marble have a Mohs scale value of 3-4. The two test materials were chosen to investigate if

the hardness of the material could have an influence on the emission test outcome.

Figure 1 Illustrating the attachment of the transducers to the tool and vibration-reducing chisel holder

2.2.5 Test method

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 states that the hammer shall be fitted with the inserted tool that is

most commonly used with that tool, and where more than one type is commonly used, the

lightest shall be selected. As each hammer could be used with a number of different types of

inserted tools, the vibration was measured under a number of different test configurations. The

variations included using different chisels: plain chisel, chisel in vibration-reducing holder, or

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bush hammer in vibration-reducing holder. Figure 2a shows examples of 6 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm

chisels, a claw, a vibration-reducing holder and a bush hammer (right). Figure 2b shows the

internal components of the vibration-reducing sleeve. Figure 3 shows examples of the working

posture and hand positions for chiselling tests (left) and for bush hammering tests (right).

Figure 2a Examples of different chisels and vibration-reducing chisel holder (left) and bush hammer (right)

Figure 2b Internal components of the vibration-reducing chisel holder

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Figure 3 Examples of working posture for chiselling (left) and bush hammering (right)

Table 2 shows the different combinations of emission tests that were carried out. Some

combinations were not investigated due to resource constraints. Despite the use of mechanical

filters and a rubber mounting strip to mitigate the effects of impulsive vibration, signal

distortion made it difficult to achieve valid measurements for some machine and inserted tool

combinations.

Table 2 Emission test combinations for each stone hammer

Tool Limestone Granite Limestone Granite Limestone Granite

Vibration-reducing holder

with chisel

Vibration-reducing holder

with bush hammer

Plain chisel

A X

B

C X X

D X X X X

= tested

X = not tested

2.3 IN-USE MEASUREMENTS

In-use measurements were made at two different sites. During the measurements operators used

the machines Tools A to D (as detailed in Table 1) for typical tasks, whilst vibration

measurements were made with the accelerometers positioned at the same locations as used for

the emission tests.

2.3.1 Measurements at Site 1

At Site 1, measurements were made with up to four different operators carrying out up to five

different tasks. Each operator carried out up to three repeats and vibration measurements were

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made over a 16 second period. The tasks were carried out on a hard Ancaster Weatherbed

limestone work piece, and involved initial preparation or roughing out of the stone surface. The

inserted tool was a 1 inch (25 mm) chisel fitted in a vibration-reducing holder. Figure 4a

illustrates the set-up of the work piece and the activity at Site 1.

2.3.2 Measurements at Site 2

At Site 2, the tasks were carried out on a Portland Base Bed limestone work piece, using up to

three different operators and involved roughing out and smoothing of the stone surface. Each

operator carried out up to three repeats of approximately 30 seconds duration. Tools A, B and D

were operated with the inserted tools:

• A 6 mm wide chisel in a vibration-reducing holder.

• A 37 mm wide claw tool in a vibration-reducing holder.

An 8 mm wide chisel and a 20 mm wide chisel were the inserted tools for the activities using

Tool C. Figure 4b illustrates the test set-up at Site 2.

During the site visit, measurements of the vibration magnitudes were also made on stone

working tools owned by the site.

Figure 4a Set-up for field measurements at Site 1

Figure 4b Set-up for the field measurements at Site 2

2.3.3 Measurement technique

The same equipment was used in the field tests and the emission tests and details are given in

Annex A. The data acquisition technique for the field measurements was the same as for the

laboratory tests. Each tool and chisel was set up with the accelerometers positioned at the same

positions used for the emission tests. For each operator, sample measurements were made

during use of the tool. Data were analysed using a B&K Pulse multi-channel, real time

frequency analyser. One-third octave band analyses of the data were carried out. The data were

frequency-weighted in accordance with BS EN ISO 8041:2005 and then the vibration total

values were calculated. All of the measurements obtained for each of the tools and chisels were

then used to derive a mean frequency-weighted vibration magnitude, standard deviation and

upper quartile of the range of magnitudes for each hand position.

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3 RESULTS

3.1 EMISSION TEST RESULTS

Table 3 shows a summary of all of the HSE emission test data for each of the measured

combinations of machine, inserted tool and work piece. All emission test results are given in

Annex C. Several full emission tests were carried out for each machine with different

combinations of chisel and work piece and there was some variation in the emission value

produced. The results selected to represent the HSE measured emission value are those for tests

on granite, shown in bold in Table 3. Granite is the material that is fully compliant with the

requirements of the test code. Data selected to compare the four tools are from tests using a

vibration-reducing chisel holder.

Table 3 Summary of emission test results

Tool Test

material

Test configuration Tool (m/s²) Holder/chisel

(m/s²)

Inserted tool Holder (tool) a K a K

A Limestone 20 mm chisel Chisel holder 11.8 2.1 15.5 2.6

A Granite 20 mm chisel Chisel holder 11.2 4.1 14.5 3.4

A Granite Bush hammer Chisel holder 10.0 2.8 9.0 3.1

A Limestone 1 inch chisel Plain chisel 11.4 2.8 26.7 6.8

A Granite 1 inch chisel Plain chisel 13.8 2.9 dc shift dc shift

B Limestone 20 mm chisel Chisel holder 11.4 5.1 10.5 2.3

B Granite 20 mm chisel Chisel holder 11.8 3.9 10.9 2.1

B Limestone Bush hammer Chisel holder 10.5 3.7 7.1 1.73

B Granite Bush hammer Chisel holder 11.5 3.3 7.8 2.3

B Limestone 1 inch chisel Plain chisel 18.1 3.7 12.0 4.9

B Granite 1 inch chisel Plain chisel 19.7 4.8 18.1 4.5

C Limestone 1 inch chisel Chisel holder 3.4 1.36 6.0 2.1

C Granite 1 inch chisel Chisel holder 3.9 1.89 9.9 3.4

C Limestone Bush hammer Chisel holder 3.1 1.50 8.1 4.3

C Granite Bush hammer Chisel holder 3.7 1.8 11.9 3.4

D Limestone 25 mm chisel Chisel holder 15.9 6.7 8.2 4.1

D Granite 25 mm chisel Chisel holder 15.7 6.6 11.0 5.8

D Limestone 25 mm chisel Plain chisel 3 bar 10.3 2.9 10.1 3.5

D Limestone 25 mm chisel Plain chisel 4 bar 13.9 4.9 12.7 5.6

D Limestone 25 mm chisel Plain chisel 5 bar 19.2 5.3 11.6 4.7

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3.2 IN-USE MEASUREMENT RESULTS

A summary of the in-use measurement data for each of the tools and chisel combinations is

shown in Table 4. The mean, standard deviation and upper quartile of the frequency-weighted

acceleration for the highest hand position are highlighted in bold. More detailed results for each

of the tools are given in Annex D.

Table 4 Summary field test results

When considering the data in Table 4, it is important to remember that all of the in-use

measurements were made using one of two vibration-reducing holders; none used plain chisels.

Tool

ID

Site

ID

Inserted

tool

(holder)

Work

piece /

material

Frequency-weighted vibration total values (m/s²)

Tool body Chisel

mean standard

deviation

upper

quartile

mean standard

deviation

upper

quartile

A 1 Chisel

1 inch

Ancaster

Weatherbed

limestone

18.9 1.5 19.7 23.9 6.0 26.1

A 2 Chisel

6 mm

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

13.1 1.6 14.3 21.8 2.0 23.3

A 2 Claw

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

13.7 1.6 15.1 14.4 1.5 15.4

B 1 Chisel

1 inch

Ancaster

Weatherbed

limestone

7.8 1.4 8.3 12.9 8.6 14.7

B 2 Chisel

6 mm

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

11.1 3.1 13.5 8.1 0.2 8.2

B 2 Claw

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

9.2 1.9 10.7 5.9 0.7 6.1

C 1 Chisel

1 inch Ancaster

Weatherbed

limestone

5.6

1.1 6.4 9.4 1.4 10.1

C 2 Chisel

8 mm

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

5.4 1.0 6.2 6.2 1.7 7.1

C 2 Chisel

20 mm

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

5.6 2.3 7.1 7.1 2.1 8.2

D 2 Chisel

6 mm

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

22.1 1.9 23.4 18.6 1.5 19.4

D 2 Claw

Portland

Base Bed

limestone

17.9 5.3 23 8.9 1.6 9.5

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Vibration measurements on plain chisels are prone to difficulties of signal distortion, due to the

highly impulsive nature of the vibration and are consequently difficult and time-consuming to

achieve. Techniques for measuring on plain chisels involve the use of mechanical filters and/or

other resilient materials to mitigate the effects of the impulsive vibration. This procedure

introduces variability to the data, which may inadvertently influence the outcome of the

measurements and could potentially mask any influences that exist.

3.2.1 Vibration magnitudes on additional stone hammers at Site 2

During the in-use measurements at Site 2, vibration measurements were also made on

traditional in-line stone hammers that belonged to the site and were in use at the time of the

measurement visit. The data for these additional tools are shown in Annex E.

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4 DISCUSSION

4.1 MANUFACTURERS’ DECLARED AND HSE MEASURED EMISSION

A summary of emission test results is given in Table 5. The HSE measured emission data in

Table 5 are from the tests carried out on granite. In each test the hammers were used with a

vibration-reducing chisel holder. Results in bold indicate the highest hand from the emission

tests. The highest hand for Tools A and C was the chisel hand and for Tools B and D was on the

tool body.

Table 5 Manufacturers’ declared emission data and HSE measured BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 emission tests results

* These values were calculated according to the provisions of BS EN 12096:1997.

** These values were calculated by HSE from the data set which was provided by the manufacturer.

4.1.1 Comments on manufacturers’ declarations

As can be seen from Table 5, none of the manufacturers’ declarations were made in accordance

with BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011. One of the aims of this work was to compare HSE measured

and manufacturers’ declared emission data. However, the diverse nature of the vibration

declaration information for the four machines tested and the fact that none have been tested

according to BS EN ISO 28917-11:2011 means that such comparisons are of little value for

these tools. An investigation of the reproducibility of the new test code could not be made either

because of considerable differences in the test methods used in earlier versions of the test code

for stone hammers.

For Tool A, no emission data were found, either in any literature accompanying the tool, or on

the manufacturer’s website.

For Tool B, the standards quoted on the declaration of conformity do not relate to vibration

emission declaration. It has been assumed that vibration data provided by the manufacturer

Tool

ID

Manufacturer’s vibration

declaration

(m/s2)

HSE measured BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

emission (m/s2)

Standard a K a+K

Tool Chisel &

holder

Highest hand

a K a K a K a+K

A N/A - - - 11.2 4.1 14.5 3.4 14.5 3.4 17.9

B DIN EN ISO

12100-1/2

DIN 457

DIN 1299

8.1 3.2* 11.3 11.8 3.9 10.9 2.1 11.8 3.9 15.7

C

Tool

body

EN ISO

8662-14

1998

4.4 1.5** 5.9 3.9 1.9 - -

9.9 3.4 13.3 C

Chisel

holder

EN ISO

8662-14

1998

3.6 1.7** 5.3 - - 9.9 3.4

D BS EN ISO

8662-14

15 6* 21 15.7 6.6 11.0 5.8 15.7 6.6 22.3

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relate to the tool only and do not take account of the chisel. The declaration of conformity is

dated 2012, it is therefore reasonable to assume that the vibration emission is a total value.

For Tool C, the standard quoted in the handbook is EN ISO 8662-14:1998. However, the text

goes on to say that data are measured whilst carving stone. To comply with EN ISO 8662-

14:1998 tests should involve use of a test device known as a dynaload, rather than carving

stone. Data are provided for both the tool body and the manufacturer’s own chisel holder in

separate handbooks. The data are single axis data rather than total values. A full series of fifteen

measurement results are replicated in each handbook. From these data it has been possible to

calculate K according to the provisions of Annex B of BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 where a

single machine is tested.

For Tool D, the manufacturer confirmed that the emission data were measured according to BS

EN ISO 8662-14, which involved the use of the dynaload test device and that data were for the

tool body only.

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 states that a magnitude of ‘greater than 30m/s² shall be declared’ if

use of the tool involves contact with a chisel without a holder. All four tools tested potentially

fit this description (although Tool C can be purchased with a vibration-reducing sleeve).

According to the test code BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 all four tools would therefore be declared

as >30m/s².

4.1.2 Analysis of variance on HSL emission test data

There are clear differences in design, configuration and power of the stone hammers and their

associated chisels tested in this study, which make statistical comparison of differences between

tools irrelevant. However, statistical analysis was used to investigate the influence of hardness

of work piece, style of chisel, and use of vibration-reducing chisel holder. Analysis of variance

(ANOVA) was carried out using the SPSS for Windows V14.0 statistical analysis software. For

each tool, ANOVA was applied to all of the fifteen individual emission test results, five for each

of the three operators, for each combination of tool, work piece and chisel tested. The results of

pairwise comparisons are reproduced in full in Annex F.1 for the tool bodies and Annex F.2 for

the chisels. They indicate that there are significant differences between data sets.

4.2 HSE MEASURED EMISSION DATA FOR TOOL BODY

Four factors were investigated to establish their influence on the vibration on the tool body of a

stone hammer. These were:

• Material hardness

• Style of chisel used

• Use of vibration-reducing chisel holder

• Operator

Annex G contains details of the investigation of these four influencing factors. The outcomes

are summarised in Table 6.

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Table 6 Influences on vibration emission for tool body

Factor

investigated

Does the factor

influence

vibration

emission?

Comments Annex

for

detail

Material

hardness

No – when used

with vibration-

reducing chisel

holder

• Four hammers tested on two types of

work piece using vibration-reducing

chisel holder. No significant differences

found between work pieces of different

hardness.

• Two hammers tested using plain chisel.

No significant difference for Tool B. Tool

A not significant within the 95%

confidence interval.

G.1

Size/style of

chisel

No – when used

with vibration-

reducing chisel

holder

• 20 mm / 25mm and bush hammer on

granite only. No significant differences

with different chisels.

• Only tested using vibration-reducing

chisel holder.

G.2

Use of

vibration -

reducing

chisel holder

Yes • For a low powered tool, vibration-

reducing holder reduces vibration

significantly on tool (and chisel). The

effect is more pronounced on the softer

work piece (limestone).

G.3

Operator Yes • Operator can have a major influence on

vibration magnitude. This is assumed to

be due to different operating forces.

G.4

Investigations of the factors described here were limited by resources. Further work would be

necessary to clarify the particular circumstances under which vibration-reducing holders might

reduce the vibration on the tool body and how vibration-reducing holders influence the

efficiency of the hammers. It is also necessary to establish the durability of vibration-reducing

holders and how the performance varies over a typical lifespan.

The HSE measured emission values for the tool bodies have large K values due to the

differences between operators. The differences between operators can be seen in detail in the

raw data for the emission tests in Annex C.

4.3 HSE MEASURED EMISSION DATA FOR CHISELS

Simultaneous triaxial vibration measurements were made on the chisels used with the tools

during the emission tests. Their purpose was to investigate the range of vibration magnitudes

likely on the chisels and to consider how these compare with the ‘>30 m/s²’ declaration value

specified in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011.

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Annex H contains details of three factors that were investigated to establish their influence on

the vibration on the chisel. These were:

• Material hardness

• Power tool used

• Operator

The outcomes of these investigations are summarised in Table 7.

Table 7 Influences on vibration emission for chisels

Factor investigated Does the

factor

influence

vibration

emission?

Comments Annex

for

detail

Material hardness Variable • Four tools tested. Only tested using

vibration-reducing chisel holders.

• No significant effect for Tools A, B and D.

Significant difference for Tool C, but this

tool has its own vibration-reducing holder.

H.1

Power tool used Yes • Three tools tested using vibration-reducing

chisel holder.

• Tool A, which is more powerful, results in

significantly higher magnitudes than Tools

B and D.

• Tool A also results in significantly higher

magnitudes than Tool B when a plain

chisel is used, but not when a bush

hammer is used.

H.2

Operator Yes • Operator has a major influence due to

different operating forces.

H.3

The results of the comparisons in Table 7 show that the vibration magnitudes on a chisel, or on

a vibration-reducing chisel holder, can vary significantly depending on the tool with which it is

used and the operator using it. The hardness of the material was not shown to make a difference,

but comparisons were limited to measurements on a vibration-reducing holder. Measurements

on plain chisels were affected by dc-shift and therefore no conclusions could be drawn from

them.

As with the emission data for tool bodies, the HSE measured emission values for chisels have

large K values due to the differences between operators. The differences between operators can

be seen in detail in the raw data for the emission tests in Annex C.

4.3.1 BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 declarations when the operator holds the chisel

Three of the four tools tested are sold without any accompanying vibration-reducing holder, so

the operator’s hand could potentially be in contact with a plain chisel during use for these three

tools. The manufacturer of Tool C makes a chisel-holder for which there is declared vibration

information. However, it is possible to buy Tool C without the vibration-reducing holder. All

four tools might therefore be declared as “> 30m/s²” if they were declared according to BS EN

ISO 28927-11:2011.

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BS EN ISO 20643:2008+A1:2012 now also includes a statement about declaring “> 30m/s²” for

tools with chisels that are held by the operator and all conflicting national standards had to be

withdrawn by January 2013. This does not however mean that the requirement is automatic,

because C-type standards (such as tool specific test codes) can override the requirements of the

B-standard.

Due to the difficulties of measuring on plain chisels and the extremely high magnitudes to

which the operators are exposed, only limited measurements were made on plain chisels. The

vibration magnitudes on the plain chisels (presented in Table 3), measured during the emission

tests, as used with Tools A and B are:

• Tool A on limestone, plain chisel data a = 26.7 m/s², K = 6.8 m/s²

• Tool B on granite, plain chisel data a = 18.1 m/s², K = 4.5 m/s²

• Tool B on limestone, plain chisel data a = 12.0 m/s², K = 4.9 m/s²

None of these a values reach 30 m/s², although the a+K value for the plain chisel with Tool A

does exceed 30 m/s². Any vibration magnitude above 30 m/s² will cause the operator to reach

the Exposure Action Value (EAV) in the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 in less

than around 3 minutes and the Exposure Limit Value (ELV) in less than 13 minutes. A

declaration of > 30 m/s² may be a substantial over-estimate of the likely magnitude in many

cases on the basis of the limited data shown here, especially for lower powered tools like Tool

B.

4.4 INFLUENCE OF AIRLINE PRESSURE ON VIBRATION

One of the factors known to influence the vibration magnitude measured on the body of a stone

hammer, or on the associated chisel, is the operating pressure at which the tool is being used.

Manufacturers recommend the correct airline pressures for their machines. These may be a

maximum value, a range, or just a single value, as shown in Table 1. During the HSE emission

tests, the airline pressures were carefully controlled to minimise any effects on vibration

magnitude. However, during the normal operation of a pneumatic stone hammer, an

experienced stone mason will adjust the operating pressure to achieve the optimum performance

for the task in hand. The hammer may be made more or less powerful by the use of different

airline pressures, which consequently has an effect on tool efficiency. There will also be a range

of vibration magnitudes associated with any adjustments to the airline pressure. The influence

of operating pressures on stone hammer vibration magnitudes was investigated using Tools B

and D. Full details are given in Annex I.

Figure 5 shows the measured a mean frequency-weighted acceleration values obtained as a

result of the emission test procedure for different combinations of Tool B and Tool D with

vibration reduced (VR) and plain chisels. The error bars indicate the calculated K values. The

investigation showed that increasing the airline pressure caused an increase in measured

magnitude on the tool body. In the worst case, for Tool D measured on the tool body with plain

chisel, the mean, a emission increased from 10.3 m/s² to 19.2 m/s²; an increase of 86%. An

increase of 75% was observed for measurements on the body of Tool D when using the

vibration-reducing holder and claw chisel; the mean, a emission increased from 9.6 m/s² to 16.8

m/s. On the lower powered Tool B, the mean, a emission increased from 10.6 m/s² to 13.9 m/s²;

an increase of 31%.

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Figure 5 Examples of influence of airline pressure

There is a great deal of variability in the results between operators. The biggest range of

individual data points was on the tool body of Tool D with a plain chisel. Across the three

operators, the range was from a minimum of 6.7 m/s² (Operator 2 at 3 bar) to a maximum of

24.7 m/s² (Operator 3 at 5 bar). The results suggest that vibration magnitudes can vary widely,

which makes it very difficult to predict exposures from use of the tool. However, information

on increasing vibration magnitudes for specified increments in airline pressure would go some

way towards facilitating exposure prediction.

HSE does not currently have any information on the range of typical airline pressures used by

experienced stone masons for different stone hammers during normal operation, or how changes

in airline pressure affect tool efficiency. This information would be necessary to inform advice

on how much variability in daily vibration exposures might occur during routine stonemasonry

work.

4.4.1 Vibration magnitudes on additional stone hammers at Site 2

During the in-use measurements at Site 2, additional vibration measurements were made on

traditional in-line stone hammers provided by the site that were in use during the visit. The data

for these additional tools are shown in Annex E.

The stone hammers used on Site 2 were similar in design to Tool D, but lower vibration

magnitudes were measured for these tools. Upper quartile vibration total values for the tools

were 8.9 m/s², 11.4 m/s² and 14.6 m/s². During the measurements the experienced operators

controlled the grip and feed forces used and adjusted the airline pressure. No measurements

were made that could indicate whether differences in airline pressure were influencing the

measurements and there was no indication of how effectively the hammers were working.

However, the data in Annex E show that workplace vibration exposures could be managed to

below the exposure Action Value (EAV) in the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005.

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4.5 HSE VIBRATION DATA FOR ALL TOOLS AND CHISELS

This section considers all the vibration data obtained for the tool bodies and the chisels, either in

emission tests, further laboratory tests or during typical use, to look at the overall picture of the

vibration magnitudes from the four tools.

Figure 6 shows a summary of all data. Data are presented for Tools A to D in pairs. The shaded

columns on the left hand side of each pair represent the vibration total values measured on the

tool body and the white columns on the right hand side of each pair represent the vibration total

values measured on the chisel during the same test. The first two columns for each tool

represent the HSE determined emission values, for tool (left) and chisel (right). All other

columns represent data from a combination of all other laboratory or in-use tests. The error bars

represent the K value, for emission tests, or the standard deviation from the mean for the other

tests. All of the data in Figure 6 are from measurements with vibration-reducing holders, which

tend to give lower vibration magnitudes, so these data may represent the lower end of the

possible range for these tools.

Figure 6 Comparison between measured vibration for HSE emission tests and different in-use activities

For Tool A the vibration on the tool body is always lower than on the chisel holder (the left

hand column is always lower than thergiht hand column) and the emission values for both the

tool body and the chisel holder, in the columns marked ‘A emission’, are at the low end of the

range of all vibration values for Tool A.

For Tool B the vibration on the tool body is higher than on the chisel holder, except for

measurements with the 1 inch chisel. The emission values for both the tool body and the chisel

holder are at the high end of the range of all vibration values for Tool B.

For Tool C the vibration on the tool body is always lower than on the chisel holder. The

emission value for the tool body is at the low end of the range of vibration values, whereas the

emission value for the chisel holder is at the high end of the range. Tool C has its own vibration-

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reducing chisel holder, which has an associated declared vibration emission. It is assumed that

this declared emission value relates to use of the chisel holder with the manufacturer’s own

stone hammers and therefore the vibration-reducing holder for Tool C was not tested with any

other tools.

For Tool D the vibration on the tool body is always higher than on the chisel holder. The

emission value for the tool body is at the low end of the range of all vibration values for Tool D

whereas the emission value for the chisel holder is in the middle of the range.

Highest measured vibration magnitudes were for the chisel holder of Tool A and the body of

Tool D. The data presented in Figure 6 shows that there is no clear pattern to indicate which is

likely to be the higher vibration of the two hand positions for operation of a stone hammer.

Therefore it is necessary to provide information for both the tool body and the chisel hand

location.

Vibration magnitudes on the body of Tool C are consistently lower than the other three tools

tested. Tool C incorporates a vibration-reducing sleeve on the tool body as well as having a

vibration-reducing chisel holder. It would appear from the vibration data that Tool C would be a

good choice of stone hammer to minimise vibration exposures of operators. During the tests on

this tool however, operators commented that the tool was heavy and also that the diameter of the

gripping zone of this tool was uncomfortably wide compared with traditional tools.

4.6 COMPARISON OF EMISSION AND IN-USE DATA

The HSE measured emission data used in this comparison were measured on tools when tested

on the granite work piece using the vibration-reducing chisel holder. The data for granite were

selected because granite strictly complied with the requirements of the test code. The data using

the vibration-reducing chisel holders were used because these were the only data where

successful measurements were achieved on the chisel as well as the tool body for all tools

tested.

Data obtained using a plain chisel were not included in the comparison, which means that for

some tools the data do not represent the maximum vibration magnitudes possible when using

these tools.

Figure 7 shows a comparison of the HSE measured a emission values for both hand positions

for all four machines, against the HSE measured upper quartile field magnitude at the same

locations. A triangle indicates an HSE measured a emission value according to BS EN ISO

28927-11:2011, with the error bars indicating the K value. A diamond indicates the upper

quartile of the in-use vibration total values. The dotted line indicates the range of in-use values

measured. A circle indicates the manufacturer’s declared a vibration emission, with the error

bars indicating the manufacturer’s K value, or the calculated K value, where no K value was

declared. Manufacturers’ emission data are only available for the tool body, because the

declarations are made to previous versions of the test code. HSE emission data are provided for

both the tool body and the chisel.

The manufacturers’ declared emission data, where available, have been included to allow

comparison with the upper quartile of the in-use vibration. Manufacturer’s declared emission

data was not available for Tool A. For all four tools tested in this study, none of the

manufacturers’ declared emission values are made in accordance with BS EN ISO 28927-

11:2011. This means that direct comparison with the HSE measured a emission values would

not be valid.

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Figure 7 Comparison of manufacturers’ declared emission, HSE measured a (+K) emission and upper quartile in-use values for both hand positions

In the handbook for Tool C, the manufacturer states that EN ISO 8662-14:1998 was adopted,

but “no energy absorber was used as it was decided that its use would not give representative

results for normal working conditions”. Instead, measurements were made whilst the tool was

being used to carve stone, so the test is probably more in line with the requirements of BS EN

ISO 28927-11:2011 than with EN ISO 8662-14:1998.

In most cases the in-use vibration magnitudes varied over a wide range. For measurements on

the body of Tools A, C and D, the upper quartile value (diamond) is at the top end of the range

of in-use values. When the upper quartile value is at the top end of the range it suggests that

most of the vibration magnitudes are high, with fewer values at the bottom end of the range, ie

the distribution of the data is skewed. For Tool B the upper quartile values are in the middle of

the range of in-use values, indicating there are more values in the bottom of the range for this

tool. This means that the upper quartile value might be a better indicator of the vibration risk for

Tools A, C and D than for Tool B. For Tool B the vibration risk in 25% of cases can be much

higher than indicated by the upper quartile value.

The data in Figure 7 show that in general the upper quartile in-use value is higher than either the

HSE measured or the manufacturer’s declared emission value for each tool. The manufacturer’s

declared emission value, where available, is typically at or near the bottom end of the range of

values presented.

To achieve repeatable emission test data, the operators have to consciously control their

operating technique. Higher vibration magnitudes may be measured during typical use of the

tools because the operators do not consciously try to control the use of the tools to give

repeatable vibration magnitudes. This implies that the operator may be able to modify their

technique to keep vibration exposure values low. On the other hand, the lower magnitudes

obtained during the standard emission tests may actually be due to the increased forces applied

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29

by the operator to control the vibration. These increased forces would have the effect of

increasing the damping, resulting in lower measured magnitudes. However, the transmission of

vibration to the operator may be increased. Further investigation of the forces applied during

typical operation, and the consequences for the measured vibration magnitudes, would help

increase understanding and inform guidance for management of vibration exposure from the use

of stone hammers.

For Tool A, Figure 7 shows that the HSE measured a emission value is around half the upper

quartile in-use value for both the tool body and the chisel. Even taking into account the

uncertainty, K, the HSE measured emission value is well below the upper quartile in-use value,

so for this tool the emission data do not represent the vibration risk.

The widest range of vibration magnitudes is for the chisel of Tool B, where the range is from

5.3 m/s² to 32.6 m/s². For Tool B, the upper quartile in-use value on the tool body was slightly

lower than HSE measured a emission value, which itself was within the calculated uncertainty,

K, of the manufacturer’s declared emission value. For the Tool B chisel data, however, the a+K

emission value did not reach the upper quartile of in-use vibration. The upper quartile of the in-

use data on Tool B chisel was higher than on the tool body, although in the emission tests, the a

chisel emission data for Tool B were slightly lower than for the tool body.

For Tool C, the manufacturer’s declared emission value is very close to the HSE measured a

emission value on the tool body. This is despite the fact that the manufacturer’s declared

emission value is single axis, measured along the axis of percussion of the tool, in accordance

with BS EN ISO 8662-14:1997. The vibration magnitudes on Tool C and the chisel used with

Tool C are the lowest of all of the tools tested. Unfortunately Tool C was not popular with

operators, because it had a very large diameter gripping zone, which the operators said made it

uncomfortable to use.

For Tool D the HSE measured a emission value was very close to the manufacturer’s declared

emission value. However, the upper quartile in-use value is again much higher than both the

HSE measured and manufacturer’s declared a emission value on both the tool body and the

chisel.

4.7 EMISSION VALUES AS INDICATORS OF RISK

The consequences of using emission values as an indicator of risk can be shown by plotting the

ratio of the a vibration emission and the vibration in-use. A ratio of less than 1 indicates that the

emission value under-estimates the vibration in-use. A ratio of greater than 1 indicates that the

emission value over-estimates the vibration in-use. In Figure 8, the upper quartile of the in-use

data has been used to represent vibration in-use. BS EN ISO 20643 specifies that new test codes

should be developed to produce vibration emission values which reflect the upper quartile of in-

use values. The upper quartile of in-use vibration can therefore be seen as the target value for

the measured a emission to achieve. Figure 8 shows the ratio of the HSE measured a emission

value measured on the tool body and chisel on the granite work piece, to the upper quartile of all

in-use vibration values. The error bars indicate the difference that the associated uncertainty K

makes; the top of the error bars indicate the ratio of a+K emission to in-use upper quartile.

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30

Figure 8 Ratio of HSE measured a emission test data for the tool body and chisel positions to the upper quartile in-use data for each tool (the top of the error bars

indicate the a + K value)

4.7.1 Tool body data

For Tools A, C and D the HSE measured a emission value is approximately 60 to 70% of the

upper quartile in-use value on the tool body. Tool B is the only tool of the four tested for which

the emission value exceeds the upper quartile in-use vibration value.

4.7.2 Chisel data

For Tools A, B and D, the a emission value is between 56 % and 74 % of the in-use upper

quartile. For Tool C, the a emission value is very close to the upper quartile in-use value at the

chisel position. If the uncertainty, K, is taken into consideration, the upper quartile value is

reached (or almost reached) for Tools B and D.

If the four tools tested were declared at > 30 m/s2, in accordance with the provisions of BS EN

ISO 28927-11:2011, the ratio of emission to in-use upper quartile in-use vibration would exceed

1.0 for all four tools.

4.7.3 Highest hand data

From the HSE emission test data, the highest hand locations for each of the tools were on the

chisel for Tools A and C and on the tool body for Tools B and D. Figure 8 shows that at these

four locations, the ratio of a emission to in-use upper quartile only exceeds 1.0 for Tool B.

However, the ratio of a+K to upper quartile in-use value is 1.0 or nearly 1.0 at this location for

all tools except for Tool A.

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31

On the basis of the limited amount of data collected here, for three of the four stone hammers

tested (75%) the highest hand a+K emission value reached or exceeded the in-use vibration, i.e.

it reflected in-use risk.

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32

5 CONCLUSIONS

The investigation of the test code for stone hammers in BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 has shown

that repeatable results can be obtained with this test. It was not possible to assess the

reproducibility of the test, because none of the tools were declared to BS EN ISO 28927-

11:2011. However, the large K values obtained in the HSE emission tests highlight the

variability between operators, due to different operating techniques.

In most cases, the hardness of the work piece did not have a significant influence on the

vibration on the tool.

The operator can have a major influence on the vibration of a stone hammer and chisel, either in

an emission test or during typical use. This may be through differences in operating forces or

due to changing the airline pressure to suit the task.

Declaration values for the tool body alone may be inadequate where a stone hammer is used

with a non-captive chisel that contacts the operator’s hand. Although BS EN ISO 28927-

11:2011 stipulates a declaration of > 30 m/s2 in this situation, it may be a substantial over-

estimate of the likely magnitude for some tools.

There may be some circumstances, for example when using lower powered stone hammers,

where vibration-reducing holders might reduce the vibration on the tool body as well as on the

chisel. There is a lack of knowledge on this, as well as on the durability of such devices and

how their performance varies over a typical lifespan.

The ability of BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 emission data to reflect workplace risk may be judged

by comparing the highest hand a+K emission values with the workplace vibration magnitudes.

Although based on limited data, the highest hand a+K emission value reached or exceeded in-

use vibration for three of the four stone hammers tested, i.e. it reflected workplace risk.

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33

6 KNOWLEDGE GAPS

The influence of the operating styles of experienced operators on the vibration of the tools they

are using has not been studied. The extent of the variations in airline pressure that occur during

normal work processes by experienced stone masons, and how such variations affect the

efficiency of tools and duration of operating times are also not known. Information on this

might show how changes in airline pressure impact on typical daily exposures and could help to

determine if there is any scope for developing best practice guidance for particular tasks in the

industry.

The circumstances under which a vibration-reducing holder might reduce the vibration on a tool

body, as well as on the chisel, are not known. Information is also needed on the durability of

such devices and how their performance varies over a typical lifespan, if they are to be

recommended as vibration-reducing devices.

Investigating the effect of ageing on the vibration performance and the efficiency of older stone

hammers would help inform recommendations about the use of old, worn stone hammers and

how this might impact on the vibration exposure of the operators using them.

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34

7 REFERENCES

BS EN 12096:1997 (1997) Mechanical vibration – Declaration and verification of vibration

emission values. British Standards Institution, London.

BS EN ISO 20643:2008+A1:2012 (2012) Mechanical vibration. Hand-held and hand-guided

machinery. Principles for evaluation of vibration emission. British Standards Institution,

London.

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 (2011) Hand held-portable power tools – Test methods for

evaluation of vibration emission. Part 11: Stone hammers (ISO 28927-11:2011), British

Standards Institution, London.

BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 (2009) Hand held-portable power tools – Test methods for evaluation

of vibration emission. Part 9: Scaling hammers and needle scalers (ISO 28927-9:2009), British

Standards Institution, London.

BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001 (2001) Mechanical vibration – Measurement and evaluation of human

exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. General requirements. British Standards Institution,

London.

BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (2001) Mechanical vibration. Measurement and assessment of human

exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace.

British Standards Institution, London.

BS EN ISO 8041:2005 (2005) Human response to vibration. Measuring Instrumentation. British

Standards Institution, London.

BS EN ISO 8662-14:1997 (1997) Hand-held portable tools – Measurement of vibrations at the

handle. Part 14. Stone-working tools and needle scalers. British Standards Institution, London.

Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005. Statutory Instrument No. 2005/1093.

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/1093/pdfs/uksi_20051093_en.pdf

DIN EN ISO 12100-1:2003+A1:2009 Safety of Machinery. Basic concepts. General principles

for design. Basic terminology, methodology.

DIN EN ISO 12100-2:2003+A1:2009 Safety of Machinery. Basic concepts. General principles

for design. Technical principles.

DIN EN 457:1992-04 Safety of machinery; auditory danger signals; general requirements,

design and testing.

DIN EN 1299:1997+A1:2008 Mechanical vibration and shock - Vibration isolation of machines

– Information for the application of source isolation.

Hewitt S M, Critchlow S G, and Ward T (1999). Comparison of EN ISO 8662 emission data

with vibration in use: Chipping hammers and stoneworking tools. HSL Report NV/99/04.

Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008. Statutory Instrument No. 2008/1597.

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2008/1597/pdfs/uksi_20081597_en.pdf

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35

ANNEX A - EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING

Table A.1. Details of accelerometers (30/7/2012)

Channel B&K

type

Serial

number

Sensitivity

(pC/ms-2)

Date of

last

calibration

1 4393 10701 0.323 Aug 2011

2 4393 11877 0.324 Aug 2011

3 4393 32163 0.307 Aug 2011

4 4393 32759 0.298 Aug 2011

5 4393 1873331 0.320 Aug 2011

6 4393 32760 0.297 Aug 2011

Table A.2. Details of accelerometers (5/4/2013)

Channel B&K

type

Serial

number

Sensitivity

(pC/ms-2)

Date of

last

calibration

1 4393 2279751 0.317 Aug 2012

2 4393 10693 0.320 Aug 2012

3 4393 1873329 0.321 Aug 2012

4 4393 32163 0.307 Aug 2012

5 4393 32760 0.297 Aug 2012

6 4393 1665258 0.313 Aug 2012

Table A.3. Details of charge amplifiers

Channel B&K

type

Serial

number

Date of

last

calibration

1 2635 1473734 20/12/11

2 2635 1473733 6/6/11

3 2635 1709921 6/6/11

4 2635 2448012 23/8/11

5 2635 2448013 24/8/11

6 2635 2448014 24/8/11

B&K Pulse frequency analyser serial no. 2423351 last calibrated Jan12 (Calibration period: 2

years).

From 5/4/2013 B&K Pulse frequency analyser serial no. 2325758 last calibrated Jan12

(Calibration period: 2 years).

B&K calibrator type 4294 serial no. 2361765 last calibrated Oct 2010.

6x WA0224 mechanical filters.

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36

ANNEX B - MOUNTING LOCATIONS

Figures B.1, B.2 and B.3 show photographs of the measurement locations used for testing on the

main types of machine: in-line, pistol grip and closed bow grip.

Figure B.1 In-line type showing the position on the chisel/sleeve and tool

Front hand

Rear hand

Figure B.2 Pistol grip type with front and rear hand positions

Figure B.3 Closed bow grip type showing front and rear hand positions

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37

ANNEX C - EMISSION TEST RESULTS

Note: In the following tables, figures in red indicate the standard deviation or coefficient of variation of the data set may be outside tolerances suggested

in the emission test code. The test code states that when the coefficient of variation is outside the tolerances“measurements shall be checked for error

before data are accepted”. The current test code does not, however, indicate what is meant by the word “error”, or how to proceed if the Cv is greater

than 0.15 and the data do not contain ‘errors’. In some cases there has been difficulty in achieving a coefficient of variation of <0.15 because of the

variable nature of the vibration. All emission data have been considered on a case by case basis before being accepted.

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38

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 5.12 12.93 7.73 15.91 9.93 4.54 1.38 11.00

2 1 5.50 15.17 6.43 17.37 9.15 3.90 1.51 10.06

3 1 4.20 15.60 5.91 17.21 16.62 0.955 0.057 9.47 3.13 1.92 10.16 10.60 0.458 0.043

4 1 5.44 14.94 6.88 17.32 10.11 3.87 1.60 10.94

5 1 4.85 12.74 6.94 15.30 9.97 4.07 1.45 10.86

6 2 5.99 11.37 7.07 14.67 10.92 5.13 2.34 12.29

7 2 6.30 12.30 8.20 16.07 10.34 5.98 2.40 12.18

8 2 5.21 10.57 8.00 14.24 15.69 1.176 0.075 11.03 5.95 2.66 12.81 12.23 0.373 0.031

9 2 5.21 13.68 8.00 16.68 10.25 5.86 2.49 12.07

10 2 4.27 14.69 6.99 16.82 10.36 5.10 2.40 11.79

11 3 3.62 10.32 6.73 12.84 11.15 4.41 1.95 12.14

12 3 4.01 10.89 7.20 13.65 11.21 4.61 1.95 12.27

13 3 4.31 11.42 7.74 14.45 14.08 0.828 0.059 11.29 4.82 2.26 12.49 12.56 0.378 0.030

14 3 4.06 12.09 6.99 14.54 12.01 4.58 1.93 13.00

15 3 4.26 12.59 6.73 14.89 12.06 4.12 2.03 12.91

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 15.46 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 11.80 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.57 m/s² or 1.23 r R(single m/c.): 1.28 m/s² or 1.01

K (single m/c.) value: 2.60 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 2.11 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 15.46 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 2.60 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/11/18

Tool A Limestone, Chisel

0.01

0.1

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39

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 4.48 6.86 7.28 10.97 5.92 4.60 1.29 7.61

2 1 5.08 4.89 7.23 10.10 4.45 4.03 1.22 6.13

3 1 5.06 9.78 6.88 12.99 12.05 1.825 0.151 6.79 4.68 1.48 8.38 7.80 1.057 0.136

4 1 4.53 7.85 7.04 11.48 6.18 4.84 1.33 7.96

5 1 5.72 10.98 7.97 14.72 6.93 5.41 1.59 8.93

6 2 5.49 13.58 9.44 17.43 10.43 6.80 2.61 12.72

7 2 4.60 11.41 10.26 16.02 11.09 7.28 2.17 13.45

8 2 5.19 10.65 9.17 14.98 15.73 1.149 0.073 10.23 6.42 2.63 12.36 12.47 0.640 0.051

9 2 6.29 11.16 9.27 15.81 9.67 6.63 2.56 12.00

10 2 5.47 9.90 8.93 14.42 9.82 5.95 2.90 11.84

11 3 4.93 11.24 9.41 15.47 11.42 6.72 1.91 13.39

12 3 4.87 11.29 9.80 15.72 10.93 6.37 1.87 12.79

13 3 5.15 12.86 8.86 16.45 15.58 0.588 0.038 11.77 6.26 2.28 13.53 13.32 0.299 0.022

14 3 4.71 11.77 8.80 15.43 11.75 6.07 2.24 13.42

15 3 4.20 11.44 8.43 14.82 11.92 5.82 2.26 13.46

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 14.45 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 11.20 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 2.08 m/s² or 1.17 r R(single m/c.): 2.48 m/s² or 0.97

K (single m/c.) value: 3.44 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 4.10 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 14.45 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.44 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/11/18

Tool A Granite, Chisel

0.01

0.1

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40

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 4.73 8.09 3.06 9.86 8.07 2.78 3.15 9.10

2 1 3.65 9.14 3.14 10.34 7.72 2.81 2.78 8.68

3 1 3.99 8.76 3.44 10.22 10.59 0.658 0.062 7.33 3.08 3.15 8.55 8.86 0.337 0.038

4 1 4.89 9.77 3.52 11.48 7.49 2.62 3.42 8.64

5 1 5.31 8.88 3.85 11.04 8.08 2.82 3.69 9.32

6 2 4.64 7.39 4.25 9.70 9.64 3.55 2.76 10.64

7 2 4.48 6.61 4.44 9.14 7.84 3.53 3.40 9.24

8 2 5.33 7.05 4.78 10.05 9.59 0.441 0.046 7.58 3.85 3.97 9.38 9.34 0.819 0.088

9 2 5.42 6.12 4.05 9.13 7.41 3.66 3.65 9.03

10 2 6.00 6.66 4.31 9.95 6.45 3.52 4.08 8.40

11 3 4.57 5.64 3.10 7.90 10.24 3.06 2.70 11.02

12 3 3.45 4.40 3.31 6.50 11.24 3.14 1.92 11.83

13 3 3.54 5.03 2.77 6.75 6.86 0.587 0.086 12.46 3.25 1.94 13.02 11.84 0.795 0.067

14 3 4.18 3.93 3.09 6.52 10.46 3.42 2.16 11.21

15 3 3.89 4.60 2.81 6.65 11.51 3.10 2.14 12.11

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 9.01 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 10.01 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.88 m/s² or 0.84 r R(single m/c.): 1.72 m/s² or 0.90

K (single m/c.) value: 3.11 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 2.83 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 10.01 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 2.83 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/11/18

Tool A Granite, Bush Hammer

0.01

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41

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Throttle Hand position 2 - Support

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 7.53 4.35 3.36 9.33 8.68 16.36 7.92 20.14

2 1 9.95 5.10 3.15 11.62 9.75 17.90 8.41 22.05

3 1 8.32 3.51 3.33 9.62 10.57 1.026 0.097 12.57 15.19 8.98 21.66 21.15 2.377 0.112

4 1 9.29 5.03 3.86 11.25 12.23 18.11 10.27 24.14

5 1 9.58 4.60 2.93 11.02 9.37 13.45 6.79 17.75

6 2 8.65 5.13 5.96 11.69 10.42 21.79 11.77 26.87

7 2 8.54 6.32 5.40 11.92 12.78 27.04 14.26 33.14

8 2 8.27 7.25 4.35 11.83 11.60 0.324 0.028 11.09 25.59 14.12 31.26 32.41 3.556 0.110

9 2 7.96 6.47 4.28 11.12 13.33 29.42 15.02 35.62

10 2 8.14 6.01 5.33 11.44 12.59 29.64 14.18 35.19

11 3 7.94 6.30 3.55 10.74 11.41 21.01 12.09 26.80

12 3 8.14 6.23 4.42 11.17 11.31 21.30 11.77 26.84

13 3 7.96 6.80 3.89 11.17 12.05 1.668 0.138 8.46 19.19 10.57 23.49 26.38 1.775 0.067

14 3 8.25 8.32 3.79 12.31 8.72 21.54 12.63 26.45

15 3 10.70 9.06 4.88 14.84 6.73 24.23 13.07 28.35

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 11.40 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 26.65 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.72 m/s² or 0.98 r R(single m/c.): 4.10 m/s² or 1.90

K (single m/c.) value: 2.83 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 6.76 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 26.65 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 6.76 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927: 2011

NV/11/18

Tool A Limestone, 1 in Chisel, No Sleeve

0.01

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42

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Throttle Hand position 2 - Support

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 10.83 7.63 3.71 13.75 13.71 19.96 13.28 27.62

2 1 10.57 6.19 4.03 12.90 24.87 17.35 11.14 32.31

3 1 9.19 7.02 3.58 12.10 12.70 0.696 0.055 18.51 20.05 16.10 31.68 30.41 2.685 0.088

4 1 8.35 7.87 3.66 12.04 20.56 21.53 14.30 33.03

5 1 8.97 8.25 3.62 12.71 13.85 19.44 13.49 27.41

6 2 8.34 9.44 5.61 13.79 19.73 22.92 18.02 35.20

7 2 10.65 8.56 5.18 14.61 20.92 20.63 15.45 33.20

8 2 11.39 7.01 5.76 14.57 13.69 0.925 0.068 18.05 17.07 12.94 28.01 31.20 2.955 0.095

9 2 9.16 6.76 5.83 12.79 18.79 17.43 13.87 29.14

10 2 8.57 8.00 4.87 12.69 18.47 18.96 15.08 30.47

11 3 10.00 10.98 4.52 15.53 10.62 21.30 14.86 28.06

12 3 9.46 10.40 4.68 14.82 43.68 21.37 14.25 50.67

13 3 8.84 8.68 3.75 12.94 15.10 1.330 0.088 24.07 18.64 12.63 32.96 37.03 9.093 0.246

14 3 10.30 12.05 4.21 16.40 31.99 21.52 15.63 41.60

15 3 10.50 10.88 4.54 15.79 13.69 24.56 15.00 31.87

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 13.83 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 32.88 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.73 m/s² or 1.13 r R(single m/c.): 5.87 m/s² or 2.27

K (single m/c.) value: 2.86 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 9.68 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 32.88 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 9.68 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission

NV/11/18

Tool A, Granite, 1in Chisel, No Sleeve

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Page 43: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

43

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 3.26 8.43 3.04 9.54 6.05 4.05 1.27 7.39

2 1 3.81 10.86 2.97 11.88 6.43 3.66 1.21 7.49

3 1 2.71 10.58 2.95 11.31 10.46 2.071 0.198 6.39 3.50 1.34 7.41 7.38 0.414 0.056

4 1 3.21 11.33 3.57 12.31 6.79 3.61 1.65 7.86

5 1 2.11 5.92 3.66 7.28 5.81 3.12 1.30 6.72

6 2 3.61 7.89 3.05 9.20 11.57 4.81 2.60 12.80

7 2 3.35 9.64 3.72 10.86 10.45 5.34 2.49 11.99

8 2 3.67 9.24 3.03 10.39 10.57 0.928 0.088 9.03 4.37 2.03 10.23 11.15 1.329 0.119

9 2 4.14 9.40 2.71 10.63 8.03 4.70 1.82 9.48

10 2 3.65 10.66 3.40 11.77 9.67 5.18 2.40 11.23

11 3 4.48 8.13 3.97 10.10 13.06 6.91 1.53 14.86

12 3 4.83 9.33 4.68 11.51 14.94 8.04 2.09 17.09

13 3 4.84 8.06 4.83 10.57 10.56 0.649 0.061 14.56 7.36 2.11 16.45 15.60 1.108 0.071

14 3 4.81 8.65 4.32 10.80 13.44 6.38 2.02 15.02

15 3 4.29 7.83 4.15 9.84 12.95 6.44 1.68 14.56

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 10.53 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 11.37 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.38 m/s² or 0.93 r R(single m/c.): 3.06 m/s² or 0.98

K (single m/c.) value: 2.28 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 5.06 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 11.37 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 5.06 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/12/02

Tool B Limestone, Chisel

0.01

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Page 44: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

44

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 3.31 8.24 4.58 9.99 7.10 4.64 1.42 8.60

2 1 3.78 7.33 4.30 9.30 6.97 4.94 1.61 8.69

3 1 3.48 8.72 3.57 10.04 10.20 0.687 0.067 6.99 4.76 1.65 8.62 9.19 0.812 0.088

4 1 2.95 9.14 4.25 10.50 7.97 5.15 1.62 9.63

5 1 3.69 9.55 4.44 11.16 8.51 5.78 1.66 10.42

6 2 4.45 7.09 4.31 9.41 12.11 5.36 2.32 13.45

7 2 3.95 10.16 3.67 11.51 8.84 4.65 2.27 10.24

8 2 3.41 8.54 4.60 10.29 10.83 1.049 0.097 11.83 4.76 2.95 13.09 12.28 1.289 0.105

9 2 3.64 9.31 4.21 10.85 10.39 4.78 2.99 11.82

10 2 3.72 10.77 4.09 12.11 11.05 5.52 3.32 12.79

11 3 5.99 9.51 4.00 11.93 12.23 6.80 2.12 14.15

12 3 5.45 9.18 4.58 11.62 13.22 6.87 2.25 15.07

13 3 5.09 9.03 4.46 11.29 11.57 0.521 0.045 11.76 5.22 2.45 13.10 13.96 0.792 0.057

14 3 4.57 8.70 4.59 10.84 11.94 5.32 2.40 13.29

15 3 5.49 9.99 4.22 12.16 12.52 6.41 2.00 14.20

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 10.87 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 11.81 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.26 m/s² or 0.95 r R(single m/c.): 2.34 m/s² or 1.01

K (single m/c.) value: 2.08 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.87 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 11.81 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.87 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/12/02

Tool B, Granite, Chisel

0.01

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Page 45: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

45

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 3.19 6.04 2.33 7.21 7.08 6.20 2.39 9.71

2 1 3.97 4.85 2.42 6.72 6.62 5.30 2.76 8.92

3 1 4.02 4.92 2.78 6.93 7.16 0.341 0.048 8.84 7.09 2.79 11.67 10.49 1.365 0.130

4 1 4.70 5.18 2.88 7.56 9.18 7.32 3.13 12.15

5 1 4.57 5.32 2.33 7.38 7.48 5.85 3.19 10.01

6 2 3.12 7.07 3.01 8.29 13.92 7.65 2.22 16.04

7 2 3.01 6.17 2.57 7.33 11.47 6.05 1.71 13.08

8 2 2.87 6.91 2.51 7.89 7.96 0.388 0.049 11.42 6.38 1.99 13.23 13.42 1.530 0.114

9 2 2.80 7.38 2.43 8.26 10.90 6.18 2.06 12.70

10 2 2.97 7.09 2.33 8.03 10.43 5.81 1.78 12.07

11 3 2.13 5.76 1.56 6.34 6.30 3.88 1.69 7.59

12 3 2.03 5.87 1.70 6.44 5.89 3.71 1.77 7.18

13 3 2.22 5.31 1.77 6.02 6.16 0.227 0.037 6.16 4.02 1.81 7.58 7.45 0.186 0.025

14 3 2.15 5.21 1.67 5.88 5.97 3.88 1.78 7.34

15 3 2.14 5.42 1.86 6.12 6.24 4.02 1.55 7.58

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 7.09 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 10.46 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.05 m/s² or 0.73 r R(single m/c.): 2.26 m/s² or 0.93

K (single m/c.) value: 1.73 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.73 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 10.46 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.73 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/12/02

Tool B, Limestone, Bush

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Page 46: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

46

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 4.01 6.24 2.53 7.84 6.62 5.78 2.37 9.10

2 1 3.78 6.79 2.54 8.18 6.65 5.74 2.51 9.14

3 1 4.11 7.99 2.66 9.37 8.47 0.574 0.068 6.37 5.18 2.14 8.48 8.93 0.515 0.058

4 1 4.12 7.11 2.47 8.58 6.34 4.99 2.07 8.33

5 1 4.04 6.95 2.40 8.39 7.37 5.73 2.19 9.59

6 2 3.74 7.99 2.45 9.15 10.92 5.58 2.51 12.51

7 2 3.78 7.06 2.30 8.34 10.65 5.43 2.29 12.17

8 2 3.25 7.26 2.29 8.28 8.61 0.616 0.072 10.04 5.26 1.92 11.50 12.10 0.373 0.031

9 2 3.50 6.58 2.66 7.92 10.35 5.96 2.69 12.24

10 2 3.32 8.41 2.39 9.35 10.35 5.58 2.73 12.07

11 3 2.75 4.57 2.86 6.05 13.19 6.85 2.41 15.06

12 3 2.49 5.16 3.06 6.50 12.80 6.96 2.36 14.75

13 3 2.33 4.40 2.78 5.70 6.35 0.558 0.088 10.85 6.25 2.53 12.77 13.43 1.366 0.102

14 3 2.39 6.12 2.93 7.19 10.50 5.79 2.29 12.20

15 3 2.64 4.80 3.17 6.33 10.55 6.02 2.35 12.37

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 7.81 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 11.49 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.41 m/s² or 0.77 r R(single m/c.): 1.99 m/s² or 0.99

K (single m/c.) value: 2.33 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.29 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 11.49 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.29 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/12/02

Tool B, Granite, Bush

0.01

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Oct. a

ccele

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Page 47: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

47

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Tool handle Hand position 2 - Chisel

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 15.41 9.93 6.59 19.48 4.08 4.07 4.35 7.22

2 1 12.93 13.73 5.11 19.54 5.46 6.65 3.93 9.46

3 1 11.42 8.77 5.16 15.30 17.18 2.253 0.131 3.99 4.93 4.10 7.56 7.99 0.893 0.112

4 1 10.89 8.56 5.17 14.78 3.49 5.75 4.64 8.17

5 1 13.04 9.49 4.73 16.80 4.36 4.43 4.26 7.53

6 2 15.10 7.90 6.90 18.38 6.10 13.92 4.30 15.80

7 2 14.32 10.67 7.07 19.21 5.90 11.79 4.69 14.00

8 2 15.13 10.82 8.39 20.40 18.38 1.504 0.082 6.11 11.56 5.11 14.04 13.95 1.168 0.084

9 2 11.32 9.28 9.18 17.28 5.97 10.63 3.94 12.81

10 2 11.14 8.98 8.47 16.63 6.23 10.76 4.08 13.09

11 3 16.66 11.82 8.45 22.11 5.27 15.09 7.06 17.47

12 3 11.88 10.48 4.04 16.35 3.33 10.79 6.92 13.24

13 3 16.22 10.65 6.62 20.50 18.65 2.644 0.142 2.88 10.43 6.08 12.41 14.03 2.043 0.146

14 3 13.57 10.68 6.16 18.34 3.60 10.49 6.35 12.78

15 3 11.19 10.23 5.00 15.97 3.83 12.22 6.24 14.24

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 18.07 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 11.99 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 2.25 m/s² or 1.38 r R(single m/c.): 2.97 m/s² or 1.02

K (single m/c.) value: 3.72 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 4.90 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 18.07 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.72 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/12/02

Tool B Granite 1in, No Sleeve, Limestone.pls

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Page 48: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

48

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Tool handle Hand position 2 - Chisel

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 17.30 15.52 4.11 23.60 5.28 9.57 7.05 13.00

2 1 17.64 13.97 4.92 23.03 9.88 11.70 6.42 16.61

3 1 18.13 14.90 4.91 23.98 22.88 1.004 0.044 7.10 8.86 6.38 13.03 15.25 2.164 0.142

4 1 15.34 14.25 4.84 21.49 10.82 12.86 5.96 17.83

5 1 16.77 13.96 4.56 22.29 8.62 11.52 6.50 15.79

6 2 14.41 12.71 3.82 19.59 8.88 14.65 8.95 19.32

7 2 13.30 11.29 3.40 17.77 7.83 13.76 6.70 17.19

8 2 13.55 12.19 3.00 18.47 18.76 0.892 0.048 9.37 15.10 7.86 19.43 18.81 0.921 0.049

9 2 15.50 11.92 3.06 19.79 8.38 15.61 6.77 18.97

10 2 15.42 9.29 2.36 18.16 8.91 15.89 5.83 19.12

11 3 11.35 9.53 7.98 16.83 5.75 15.73 7.24 18.24

12 3 10.06 9.19 7.74 15.67 5.49 17.52 7.44 19.81

13 3 8.64 10.41 8.73 16.10 17.34 2.368 0.137 12.18 14.89 7.39 20.60 20.19 1.262 0.062

14 3 14.38 11.80 10.78 21.50 7.81 18.00 9.07 21.62

15 3 9.68 9.06 9.96 16.59 7.42 16.90 9.29 20.66

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 19.66 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 18.08 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 2.93 m/s² or 1.48 r R(single m/c.): 2.71 m/s² or 1.38

K (single m/c.) value: 4.84 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 4.47 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 19.66 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 4.84 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/12/02

Tool B Granite, Granite 1in, no sleeve

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Page 49: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

49

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Chisel Throttle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 4.66 3.86 2.83 6.68 2.63 1.58 0.87 3.19

2 1 3.35 2.54 3.19 5.27 2.43 1.66 1.05 3.13

3 1 3.09 2.59 3.38 5.26 5.62 0.598 0.106 2.47 1.35 1.09 3.02 2.99 0.175 0.058

4 1 3.89 2.55 2.92 5.49 2.42 1.00 0.94 2.78

5 1 3.62 2.43 3.21 5.41 2.33 1.22 1.09 2.84

6 2 5.67 2.81 2.90 6.96 3.66 1.14 1.54 4.14

7 2 6.54 4.42 3.82 8.77 3.68 1.40 1.65 4.27

8 2 5.19 2.71 2.85 6.52 7.22 1.023 0.142 2.89 1.26 1.45 3.47 4.05 0.471 0.116

9 2 4.78 2.87 2.70 6.20 3.09 1.36 1.56 3.72

10 2 6.26 3.06 3.17 7.65 4.28 1.14 1.47 4.66

11 3 3.73 2.09 3.30 5.40 2.61 1.16 0.98 3.02

12 3 3.69 2.27 2.89 5.21 2.72 0.94 1.02 3.06

13 3 4.04 1.86 2.18 4.96 5.14 0.169 0.033 2.80 0.86 0.86 3.05 3.11 0.187 0.060

14 3 4.21 1.98 2.10 5.11 2.67 0.93 0.98 3.00

15 3 4.15 2.02 2.05 5.05 3.13 0.90 1.14 3.45

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 6.00 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 3.39 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 1.26 m/s² or 0.66 r R(single m/c.): 0.83 m/s² or 0.50

K (single m/c.) value: 2.08 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 1.36 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 6.00 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 2.08 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-10:2011

NV/12/03

Tool C Limestone, Chisel

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Page 50: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

50

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Chisel Throttle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 9.83 6.00 7.11 13.54 2.53 3.12 3.04 5.04

2 1 7.63 5.23 5.30 10.66 2.56 2.32 2.36 4.18

3 1 7.26 4.18 5.13 9.82 11.10 1.474 0.133 2.67 2.16 2.19 4.07 4.19 0.513 0.122

4 1 7.24 5.36 4.72 10.16 2.54 1.86 1.85 3.65

5 1 7.35 6.20 5.99 11.33 2.56 2.17 2.24 4.03

6 2 7.11 4.80 6.35 10.67 3.83 1.64 2.29 4.75

7 2 8.86 5.57 5.50 11.82 3.73 1.59 2.16 4.59

8 2 7.94 5.37 5.09 10.85 11.16 0.444 0.040 4.49 1.53 2.32 5.28 4.84 0.289 0.060

9 2 8.52 5.28 5.22 11.30 3.74 1.52 2.24 4.62

10 2 8.57 5.28 4.87 11.17 4.12 1.68 2.22 4.97

11 3 5.63 3.81 4.78 8.31 2.13 1.27 1.03 2.68

12 3 4.91 3.76 4.55 7.68 2.49 1.25 0.99 2.96

13 3 4.89 3.65 4.43 7.54 7.55 0.518 0.069 2.29 1.16 0.95 2.73 2.79 0.130 0.047

14 3 4.58 3.27 3.97 6.89 2.22 1.20 0.85 2.66

15 3 4.64 3.74 4.30 7.35 2.43 1.26 0.91 2.88

7.00 4.77 5.15 9.94 2.95 1.72 1.84 3.94

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 9.94 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 3.94 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 2.03 m/s² or 0.90 r R(single m/c.): 1.15 m/s² or 0.54

K (single m/c.) value: 3.35 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 1.89 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 9.94 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.35 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

NV/12/03

Tool C, Granite, Chisel

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Page 51: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

51

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Front handle Hand position 2 - Rear handle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 4.13 8.42 1.74 9.54 2.49 1.18 0.59 2.82

2 1 3.92 10.13 2.01 11.05 2.30 1.32 0.62 2.72

3 1 4.15 9.87 2.02 10.89 10.37 0.631 0.061 2.31 1.29 0.62 2.72 3.01 0.360 0.120

4 1 3.67 9.24 3.07 10.41 3.17 1.08 1.01 3.50

5 1 3.10 8.99 2.95 9.95 2.98 0.96 1.00 3.29

6 2 3.46 6.62 2.51 7.88 2.85 1.11 0.87 3.18

7 2 3.12 6.87 2.60 7.98 2.80 0.96 0.91 3.10

8 2 3.96 6.71 3.11 8.39 8.66 0.818 0.094 2.58 0.93 0.93 2.90 3.15 0.167 0.053

9 2 4.89 7.29 3.89 9.61 2.96 1.10 1.10 3.34

10 2 5.02 7.44 2.98 9.46 2.87 1.11 1.02 3.24

11 3 2.28 4.71 1.64 5.48 2.86 0.63 0.64 3.00

12 3 2.13 3.60 2.13 4.69 2.97 0.52 0.60 3.08

13 3 1.86 5.31 1.78 5.90 5.24 0.464 0.089 2.64 0.62 0.61 2.78 3.01 0.144 0.048

14 3 2.19 4.10 1.89 5.02 2.87 0.68 0.66 3.02

15 3 1.90 4.54 1.41 5.12 3.04 0.67 0.57 3.17

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 8.09 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 3.06 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 2.31 m/s² or 0.79 r R(single m/c.): 0.38 m/s² or 0.48

K (single m/c.) value: 3.81 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 0.80 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 8.09 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.81 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11: 2011

NV/12/03

Tool C, Limestone, Bush Hammer and Sleeve

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Page 52: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

52

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

BS EN ISO 28927-11: 2011

NV/12/03

Tool C Granite, Bush Hammer and Sleeve

Chisel Throttle

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 4.75 11.35 3.71 12.85 2.83 1.20 1.12 3.27

2 1 5.14 10.17 3.04 11.80 2.81 1.30 1.11 3.29

3 1 4.73 10.95 2.82 12.26 12.09 0.743 0.061 2.60 1.18 1.04 3.04 3.02 0.258 0.085

4 1 4.28 11.52 2.62 12.56 2.27 1.09 1.03 2.73

5 1 4.45 9.63 2.73 10.95 2.35 1.15 1.00 2.80

6 2 4.77 13.63 4.17 15.03 3.71 1.36 1.18 4.13

7 2 5.57 11.73 3.70 13.50 3.18 1.35 1.02 3.60

8 2 5.58 8.66 4.72 11.34 13.93 1.660 0.119 2.63 1.31 1.06 3.12 3.45 0.481 0.139

9 2 5.64 12.26 4.34 14.18 3.13 1.34 1.02 3.55

10 2 4.64 14.25 4.37 15.62 2.40 1.28 0.94 2.88

11 3 4.42 8.51 4.27 10.50 4.71 0.93 1.29 4.97

12 3 4.02 9.41 3.48 10.81 5.18 0.96 1.36 5.44

13 3 4.15 7.94 3.58 9.65 9.76 0.872 0.089 4.01 1.04 1.24 4.32 4.75 0.610 0.129

14 3 4.04 6.76 4.09 8.88 4.71 1.22 1.41 5.07

15 3 3.86 7.29 3.54 8.98 3.55 1.17 1.19 3.92

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 11.93 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 3.74 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 2.05 m/s² or 1.02 r R(single m/c.): 1.06 m/s² or 0.52

K (single m/c.) value: 3.38 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 1.75 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 11.93 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 3.38 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

0.01

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Page 53: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

53

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Tool Hand position 2 - Chisel sleeve

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 2.12 10.47 1.18 10.75 11.65 14.25 5.29 19.15

2 1 1.55 11.11 1.46 11.31 7.82 7.38 9.18 14.14

3 1 1.67 11.35 1.22 11.54 10.84 0.632 0.058 7.50 6.88 8.74 13.42 15.64 2.220 0.142

4 1 1.81 10.39 1.79 10.70 8.61 11.20 6.25 15.45

5 1 1.76 9.42 2.53 9.91 10.28 7.47 9.84 16.07

6 2 1.95 15.59 1.77 15.81 4.27 4.03 5.43 8.00

7 2 2.27 16.38 1.92 16.65 5.77 5.51 4.97 9.39

8 2 2.31 15.16 2.29 15.51 15.23 1.139 0.075 6.01 5.47 5.79 9.98 9.80 1.174 0.120

9 2 2.23 13.98 2.06 14.31 5.78 5.61 6.94 10.63

10 2 2.21 13.55 1.85 13.85 6.07 4.63 7.89 10.98

11 3 2.07 19.65 2.58 19.92 4.92 4.90 3.69 7.86

12 3 2.38 20.41 2.67 20.72 5.28 5.08 3.16 7.97

13 3 2.57 21.47 2.62 21.78 21.15 0.825 0.039 4.76 4.90 2.78 7.37 7.59 0.392 0.052

14 3 1.98 21.25 2.16 21.45 5.13 4.98 2.95 7.73

15 3 2.18 21.70 1.83 21.89 4.54 4.52 2.86 7.02

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 15.74 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 11.01 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 4.01 m/s² or 1.24 r R(single m/c.): 3.53 m/s² or 0.96

K (single m/c.) value: 6.62 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 5.83 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 15.74 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 6.62 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011

Tool D Granite and Chisel with Sleeve Apr 2013 #2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 1 Hand 1

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 1 Hand 2

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 2 Hand 1

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 2 Hand 2

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

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Subject 3 Hand 1

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 3 Hand 2

x-axis y-axis z-axis

Page 54: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

54

Vibration Emission Test report Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls

Spreadsheet: Version 4.0 19/1/12

Hand Position 1 - Tool Hand position 2 - Chisel Sleeve

Meas. Meas. Operator Statistics Operator Statistics

TestNo. Operator Name Date Meas Time a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv a whx a why a whz a hv Mean a hv S n-1 Cv

1 1 1.66 10.73 1.31 10.93 7.69 8.91 3.74 12.35

2 1 1.59 10.19 1.40 10.41 8.73 4.48 6.12 11.57

3 1 1.13 8.95 1.02 9.08 10.95 1.303 0.119 5.73 5.52 5.50 9.68 10.71 1.327 0.124

4 1 1.24 11.76 1.31 11.89 7.76 4.59 6.02 10.84

5 1 1.53 12.25 1.27 12.41 5.37 5.70 4.68 9.12

6 2 2.52 13.83 1.94 14.19 5.67 5.29 5.85 9.71

7 2 2.54 15.94 2.21 16.29 5.49 4.73 4.91 8.75

8 2 2.34 14.70 1.51 14.96 14.84 0.901 0.061 3.68 3.42 4.84 6.98 8.68 1.066 0.123

9 2 2.26 14.49 1.83 14.78 4.02 5.31 5.33 8.53

10 2 2.00 13.73 1.84 14.00 4.64 5.72 5.90 9.44

11 3 2.80 21.60 2.25 21.90 3.01 3.43 2.39 5.15

12 3 2.40 21.46 1.85 21.68 2.93 4.44 2.51 5.88

13 3 2.10 21.98 1.39 22.13 22.00 0.274 0.012 2.99 3.34 2.65 5.21 5.27 0.381 0.072

14 3 1.04 22.24 2.49 22.40 2.43 3.20 2.69 4.84

15 3 1.10 21.80 1.96 21.91 3.35 3.30 2.41 5.28

1.88 15.71 1.71 15.93 4.90 4.76 4.37 8.22

a h (overall mean a hv ) : 15.93 m/s² a h (overall mean a hv ): 8.22 m/s²

r R(single m/c.): 4.06 m/s² or 1.26 r R(single m/c.): 2.49 m/s² or 0.79

K (single m/c.) value: 6.70 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 4.11 m/s²

Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value): 15.93 m/s² K (single m/c.) value: 6.70 m/s²

Standard:

N&V reference ID:

Measurement file name:

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission, Part 11: Stone hammers

NVI/12/09

Tool D Limestone and Chisel with Sleeve Apr 2013 #2

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 1 Hand 1

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 1 Hand 2

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 2 Hand 1

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 2 Hand 2

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 3 Hand 1

x-axis y-axis z-axis

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

1/3

Oct. a

ccele

ratio

n (m

/s²)

Frequency (Hz)

Subject 3 Hand 2

x-axis y-axis z-axis

Page 55: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

55

ANNEX D - FIELD TEST DATA

The following data tables are generated using standard excel forms. In some instances there are

no relevant data to report, for example there are no daily exposure values because exposure time

information was not collected. In these cases the excel default is to fill the spaces with the text

‘#VALUE!’. These are not errors, but indicate that there are no data.

Page 56: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

56

D.1

Site 1 – Tool A

Dateofentrytodatabase:

PrintDate 4-Jul-13

MainID: 1669

DateOfVisit: 29/03/12

LocationName: York college

Occupation: stone mason

Process: Chiselling limestone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 1 inch chisel InsertedToolType:

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\York college

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID:

Chisel sleeve (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1669 11647 13.49 6.88 6.53 16.49 16.00 GH1 dc shift.txt

11648 17.58 5.26 7.70 19.90 16.00 GH2.txt

11649 20.73 7.02 6.68 22.88 16.00 GH3 dcshift.txt

11650 22.19 7.56 5.10 23.99 16.00 GH4.txt

11651 19.21 6.85 4.81 20.95 16.00 GH5.txt

11652 12.38 9.53 2.02 15.76 16.00 MM1.txt

11653 13.35 10.15 2.94 17.03 16.00 MM2.txt

11654 18.37 10.47 2.96 21.35 16.00 MM3.txt

11655 19.84 10.47 2.96 22.62 16.00 MM4.txt

11656 17.92 10.18 2.99 20.82 16.00 MM5.txt

11657 17.67 12.00 6.05 22.19 16.00 PH1 dcshift.txt

11658 18.21 11.13 8.85 23.10 16.00 PH2 dcshift.txt

11659 16.51 10.29 8.72 21.32 16.00 PH3 dcshift.txt

11660 18.20 10.89 8.53 22.86 16.00 PH4 dcshift.txt

11661 16.26 9.08 8.80 20.60 16.00 PH5 dc shift.txt

11662 29.03 12.70 7.96 32.67 16.00 SH1.txt

11663 30.86 11.63 7.21 33.76 16.00 SH2.txt

11664 29.59 11.91 8.62 33.04 16.00 SH3.txt

11665 31.47 11.48 8.12 34.47 16.00 SH4.txt

11666 29.43 10.74 7.54 32.23 16.00 SH5.txt

Count: 20 Total: 320.00 seconds

Mean: 20.62 9.81 6.25 23.90

Stdev: 6.10 2.05 2.36 5.95

Time to EAV: 0:05

Time to ELV: 0:21

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 17.32 8.70 4.35 20.77

Median: 18.29 10.38 6.95 22.41

75%ile 23.90 11.21 8.22 26.05

IQ range 6.59 2.51 3.87 5.28

Time to EAV: 0:05

Time to ELV: 0:23

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 20.62 9.81 6.25 23.90

Stdev: 7.52 2.97 2.69 7.89 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

23.9 ± 5.9 m/s²

26.1m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 57: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

57

Site 1 – Tool A

Dateofentrytodatabase: 28-Jan-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1670

DateOfVisit: 29/03/12

LocationName: York college

Occupation: stone mason

Process: Chiseling limestone

ProcessNotes:

MachineManufacturer: Weha InsertedTool: 1 inch chisel

MachineModel: WSH 319 InsertedToolManufacturer: Viprotec

MachineModifications: InsertedToolNotes:

MachineSize:

MachineWeight(kg): 2 HSLJobNumber:

MachineOperatingPressure: 3 - 6 Bar HSLAnonymisedToolLetter: Tool A

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): 3000

MachineSpeed(revs/min): SingleMultiShotMachine: No

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachineNotes: Tested with Viprotech vibration reduced chisel sleeve. Chisel data in 1669.

Throttle handle (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1670 11668 7.84 13.12 10.49 18.54 16.00 GH2.txt

11670 7.34 10.76 10.70 16.86 16.00 GH4.txt

11671 9.36 13.03 10.30 19.07 16.00 GH5.txt

11672 5.49 10.00 13.53 17.70 16.00 MM1.txt

11674 6.46 13.79 14.22 20.83 16.00 MM3.txt

11675 6.42 10.89 14.13 18.96 16.00 MM4.txt

11678 7.47 15.08 12.88 21.19 16.00 SH1.txt

11679 7.27 12.57 11.34 18.42 16.00 SH2.txt

11680 5.62 16.01 10.65 20.03 16.00 SH3.txt

11681 5.69 15.34 10.45 19.42 16.00 SH4.txt

11682 5.88 12.15 9.45 16.48 16.00 SH5.txt

Count: 11 Total: 176.00 seconds

Mean: 6.80 12.98 11.65 18.86

Stdev: 1.18 1.97 1.71 1.50

Time to EAV: 0:08

Time to ELV: 0:33

A(8):

25%ile 5.79 11.52 10.47 18.06

Median: 6.46 13.03 10.70 18.96

75%ile 7.40 14.43 13.21 19.73

IQ range 1.62 2.91 2.74 1.66

Time to EAV: 0:08

Time to ELV: 0:33

A(8):

Time-weighted mean: 6.80 12.98 11.65 18.86

Stdev: 2.34 4.34 3.87 5.86 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

18.9 ± 1.5 m/s²

Chiseling with 1inch chisel, with anti-vibration sleeve.

19.7m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 58: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

58

Site 1 – Tool B

Dateofentrytodatabase:

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1668

DateOfVisit: 29/03/12

LocationName: York college

Occupation: stone mason

Process: Chiselling limestone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 1 inch chisel InsertedToolType:

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\York college

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID:

Chisel sleeve (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1668 11622 27.56 14.89 2.60 31.43 16.00 GH1.txt

11623 29.09 14.68 2.36 32.67 13.13 GH2.txt

11624 23.97 12.03 2.24 26.91 16.00 GH3.txt

11625 7.23 4.11 2.38 8.65 16.00 GH4 dc shift.txt

11626 9.94 6.18 2.65 12.00 16.00 GH5.txt

11627 6.39 3.85 2.21 7.78 16.00 GH6 dc shift.txt

11628 5.25 2.62 2.09 6.23 16.00 GH7.txt

11629 7.34 4.02 2.37 8.69 16.00 GH8.txt

11630 6.63 5.02 1.54 8.45 16.00 MM1.txt

11631 5.20 3.62 1.22 6.46 16.00 MM2.txt

11632 4.72 2.21 1.07 5.32 16.00 MM3.txt

11633 5.48 2.23 1.19 6.04 16.00 MM4.txt

11634 5.37 2.06 1.18 5.87 15.13 MM5.txt

11635 9.55 6.66 2.87 12.00 16.00 PH1 dc shift.txt

11636 6.87 4.07 3.11 8.57 16.00 PH2 dc shift.txt

11637 11.60 8.63 2.42 14.66 16.00 PH3.txt

11638 12.39 8.94 2.79 15.53 16.00 PH4.txt

11639 9.07 5.46 2.53 10.88 16.00 PH5.txt

11640 26.33 14.62 3.65 30.34 16.00 SH1 dcshift.txt

11641 19.11 10.34 3.26 21.97 16.00 SH2.txt

11642 9.09 4.95 1.86 10.52 16.00 SH3.txt

11643 6.97 3.33 1.53 7.88 16.00 SH4.txt

11644 7.33 3.54 1.50 8.28 16.00 SH5.txt

11645 8.89 4.11 2.20 10.04 16.00 SH6.txt

11646 5.99 1.88 1.37 6.42 16.00 SH7.txt

Count: 25 Total: 396.25 seconds

Mean: 11.09 6.16 2.17 12.94

Stdev: 7.62 4.15 0.70 8.60

Time to EAV: 0:17

Time to ELV: 1:11

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 6.39 3.54 1.53 7.78

Median: 7.34 4.11 2.24 8.69

75%ile 11.60 8.63 2.60 14.66

IQ range 5.21 5.09 1.07 6.87

Time to EAV: 0:39

Time to ELV: 2:38

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 10.98 6.11 2.17 12.82

Stdev: 7.79 4.24 0.82 8.81 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

12.9 ± 8.6 m/s²

14.7m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 59: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

59

Site 1 – Tool B

Dateofentrytodatabase:

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1667

DateOfVisit: 29/03/12

LocationName: York college

Occupation: stone mason

Process: Chiselling limestone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 714 InsertedToolType:

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\York college

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Tool body (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1667 11597 6.19 5.23 4.80 9.41 16.00 GH1.txt

11598 6.95 6.22 4.12 10.20 13.13 GH2.txt

11599 6.20 7.64 4.03 10.63 16.00 GH3.txt

11603 3.81 4.50 2.90 6.58 16.00 GH7.txt

11604 4.41 4.71 3.18 7.19 16.00 GH8.txt

11605 3.89 5.25 3.59 7.45 16.00 MM1.txt

11606 4.31 5.54 3.13 7.69 16.00 MM2.txt

11607 3.56 5.90 1.99 7.18 16.00 MM3.txt

11608 3.76 4.90 2.59 6.70 16.00 MM4.txt

11609 2.66 5.13 2.33 6.23 15.13 MM5.txt

11612 3.36 5.02 4.55 7.56 16.00 PH3.txt

11613 4.15 5.74 4.58 8.44 16.00 PH4.txt

11614 4.35 4.44 3.84 7.31 16.00 PH5.txt

11616 5.71 6.75 4.91 10.11 16.00 SH2.txt

11617 4.14 6.09 3.45 8.13 16.00 SH3.txt

11618 2.59 5.49 3.03 6.78 16.00 SH4.txt

11619 2.88 6.19 3.21 7.55 16.00 SH5.txt

11620 3.38 5.70 2.99 7.26 16.00 SH6.txt

11621 2.28 4.04 2.30 5.18 16.00 SH7.txt

Count: 19 Total: 300.25 seconds

Mean: 4.14 5.50 3.45 7.77

Stdev: 1.30 0.86 0.87 1.43

Time to EAV: 0:49

Time to ELV: 3:18

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 3.37 4.96 2.94 6.98

Median: 3.89 5.49 3.21 7.45

75%ile 4.38 5.99 4.07 8.28

IQ range 1.01 1.04 1.13 1.30

Time to EAV: 0:54

Time to ELV: 3:36

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 4.11 5.49 3.44 7.75

Stdev: 1.58 1.52 1.16 2.26 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

7.8 ± 1.4 m/s²

8.3m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 60: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

60

Site 1 – Tool C

Dateofentrytodatabase:

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1666

DateOfVisit: 29/03/12

LocationName: York college

Occupation: stone mason

Process: Chiselling limestone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: BV InsertedToolType:

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\York college

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: 5 bar HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Tool body (m/s²) Chisel sleeve (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1666 11577 1.19 5.09 2.40 5.75 8.49 2.98 3.07 9.51 16.00 GH1.txt

11578 1.39 4.51 2.36 5.28 8.15 4.76 3.44 10.04 16.00 GH2.txt

11579 1.50 4.33 2.26 5.11 8.26 4.96 2.25 9.89 16.00 GH3.txt

11580 1.62 3.86 2.11 4.69 10.44 4.04 2.76 11.53 16.00 GH4.txt

11581 1.88 4.73 2.11 5.51 10.28 4.01 2.93 11.42 16.00 GH5.txt

11582 1.46 3.18 1.76 3.92 5.68 4.42 2.61 7.66 16.00 MM1.txt

11583 1.50 3.38 1.74 4.08 6.66 4.96 2.47 8.67 16.00 MM2.txt

11584 1.29 3.14 1.59 3.75 5.15 4.22 2.57 7.14 16.00 MM3.txt

11585 1.39 4.08 1.75 4.65 6.34 4.33 2.78 8.16 16.00 MM4.txt

11586 1.46 3.89 1.42 4.39 4.66 3.71 2.22 6.36 16.00 MM5.txt

11587 2.59 5.23 0.93 5.91 7.25 3.91 2.72 8.67 16.00 PH1.txt

11588 2.16 5.56 1.26 6.10 6.71 7.71 2.94 10.63 16.00 PH2.txt

11589 2.59 6.07 1.51 6.77 7.39 4.76 3.16 9.34 16.00 PH3.txt

11590 2.20 6.74 1.43 7.23 6.97 6.09 3.32 9.84 16.00 PH4.txt

11591 1.82 5.95 1.31 6.36 8.08 6.81 3.20 11.04 16.00 PH5.txt

11592 1.56 4.92 2.49 5.73 8.70 4.08 2.18 9.85 16.00 SH1.txt

11593 1.32 6.03 2.63 6.71 9.23 4.13 2.32 10.38 16.00 SH2.txt

11594 1.29 5.90 2.48 6.53 8.61 4.35 2.32 9.92 16.00 SH3.txt

11595 1.47 6.15 2.45 6.78 8.28 4.43 2.38 9.69 16.00 SH4.txt

11596 1.34 5.78 2.38 6.39 7.61 4.08 2.37 8.96 16.00 SH5.txt

Count: 20 Total: 320.00 seconds

Mean: 1.65 4.93 1.92 5.58 7.65 4.64 2.70 9.43

Stdev: 0.42 1.09 0.51 1.06 1.53 1.09 0.39 1.36

Time to EAV: 1:36 0:33

Time to ELV: 6:24 2:14

A(8): #VALUE! #VALUE!

25%ile 1.37 4.03 1.49 4.68 6.70 4.07 2.36 8.67

Median: 1.48 5.00 1.93 5.74 7.85 4.34 2.66 9.76

75%ile 1.84 5.91 2.38 6.43 8.52 4.81 2.97 10.12

IQ range 0.46 1.88 0.89 1.75 1.82 0.74 0.62 1.46

Time to EAV: 1:31 0:31

Time to ELV: 6:04 2:05

A(8): #VALUE! #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 1.65 4.93 1.92 5.58 7.65 4.64 2.70 9.43

Stdev: 0.55 1.53 0.66 1.62 2.27 1.49 0.72 2.49 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

9.4 ± 1.4 m/s²

10.1m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 61: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

61

D.2

Site 2 – Tool A

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1673

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 6mm chisel InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1673 11691 4.40 22.71 8.07 24.51 58.75 6mm viprotech ian1.txt

11692 5.24 21.32 7.90 23.33 63.00 6mm viprotech ian2.txt

11693 4.63 18.43 6.00 19.93 43.25 6mm viprotech mike1.txt

11694 4.92 19.48 6.43 21.09 61.00 6mm viprotech mike 2.txt

11696 4.64 19.06 5.47 20.37 57.75 6mm viprotech vince2.txt

Count: 5 Total: 283.75 seconds

Mean: 4.77 20.20 6.77 21.84

Stdev: 0.32 1.77 1.16 1.98

Time to EAV: 0:06

Time to ELV: 0:25

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 4.63 19.06 6.00 20.37

Median: 4.64 19.48 6.43 21.09

75%ile 4.92 21.32 7.90 23.33

IQ range 0.29 2.25 1.90 2.96

Time to EAV: 0:06

Time to ELV: 0:26

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 4.78 20.31 6.83 21.97

Stdev: 2.16 9.22 3.23 9.98 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

21.8 ± 2.0 m/s²

23.3m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 62: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

62

Site 2 – Tool A

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1683

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: WSH 319 InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg): 2

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Throttle hand (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1683 11697 13.73 5.08 2.71 14.89 58.75 6mm viprotech ian1.txt

11698 13.57 4.68 2.67 14.60 63.00 6mm viprotech ian2.txt

11699 12.40 4.32 2.68 13.40 43.25 6mm viprotech mike1.txt

11700 11.52 4.62 2.94 12.75 61.00 6mm viprotech mike 2.txt

11701 11.62 3.55 2.54 12.41 45.25 6mm viprotech vince1.txt

11702 9.62 3.54 2.33 10.51 57.75 6mm viprotech vince2.txt

Count: 6 Total: 329.00 seconds

Mean: 12.08 4.30 2.64 13.09

Stdev: 1.53 0.63 0.20 1.60

Time to EAV: 0:17

Time to ELV: 1:09

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 11.54 3.74 2.57 12.50

Median: 12.01 4.47 2.67 13.08

75%ile 13.28 4.66 2.70 14.30

IQ range 1.73 0.92 0.13 1.80

Time to EAV: 0:17

Time to ELV: 1:10

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 12.10 4.34 2.65 13.13

Stdev: 5.13 1.86 1.10 5.56 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

13.1 ± 1.6 m/s²

Stone worked is Portland base bed.

14.3m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 63: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

63

Site 2 – Tool A

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1684

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: Claw InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1684 11703 6.81 7.72 8.67 13.46 46.50 Ian claw1.txt

11704 10.51 8.18 8.88 16.01 31.00 Ian claw 2.txt

11705 6.35 6.82 7.68 12.07 31.25 Mike claw 1.txt

11706 8.78 9.76 8.13 15.44 30.25 mike claw 2.txt

11707 5.69 10.12 8.59 14.44 27.50 Vince claw 1.txt

11708 5.85 10.94 8.77 15.20 46.50 vince claw 2.txt

Count: 6 Total: 213.00 seconds

Mean: 7.33 8.92 8.45 14.44

Stdev: 1.91 1.59 0.46 1.46

Time to EAV: 0:14

Time to ELV: 0:57

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 5.98 7.84 8.24 13.71

Median: 6.58 8.97 8.63 14.82

75%ile 8.29 10.03 8.74 15.38

IQ range 2.31 2.19 0.50 1.68

Time to EAV: 0:13

Time to ELV: 0:54

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 7.21 8.96 8.49 14.41

Stdev: 3.42 3.93 3.49 6.03 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

14.4 ± 1.5 m/s²

15.4m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 64: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

64

Site 2 – Tool A

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1685

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: WSH 319 InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg): 2

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Throttle (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1685 11709 14.68 5.71 2.19 15.91 46.50 Ian claw1.txt

11710 14.38 6.16 2.17 15.79 31.00 Ian claw 2.txt

11711 11.23 5.07 2.50 12.57 31.25 Mike claw 1.txt

11712 11.03 5.56 2.44 12.59 30.25 mike claw 2.txt

11713 11.49 5.38 2.04 12.85 27.50 Vince claw 1.txt

11714 11.16 5.76 1.88 12.70 46.50 vince claw 2.txt

Count: 6 Total: 213.00 seconds

Mean: 12.33 5.61 2.20 13.74

Stdev: 1.72 0.37 0.24 1.64

Time to EAV: 0:15

Time to ELV: 1:03

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 11.18 5.42 2.07 12.62

Median: 11.36 5.64 2.18 12.78

75%ile 13.66 5.75 2.38 15.06

IQ range 2.48 0.32 0.30 2.44

Time to EAV: 0:18

Time to ELV: 1:13

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 12.43 5.63 2.18 13.84

Stdev: 5.31 2.32 0.92 5.84 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

13.7 ± 1.6 m/s²

15.1m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 65: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

65

Site 2 – Tool B

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1686

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 6mm chisel InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1686 11722 3.41 6.27 3.25 7.84 30.75 vince 6mm1.txt

11723 3.22 6.99 3.07 8.29 29.50 vince 6mm3.txt

11725 2.97 6.97 3.02 8.15 28.00 vince 6mm4.txt

Count: 3 Total: 88.25 seconds

Mean: 3.20 6.75 3.11 8.10

Stdev: 0.22 0.41 0.12 0.23

Time to EAV: 0:45

Time to ELV: 3:03

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 3.10 6.62 3.04 8.00

Median: 3.22 6.97 3.07 8.15

75%ile 3.32 6.98 3.16 8.22

IQ range 0.22 0.36 0.12 0.22

Time to EAV: 0:45

Time to ELV: 3:00

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 3.21 6.73 3.11 8.09

Stdev: 1.86 3.90 1.80 4.67 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

8.1 ± 0.2 m/s²

8.2m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 66: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

66

Site 2 – Tool B

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1687

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 714 InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Throttle (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1687 11726 12.28 6.77 1.99 14.16 29.75 ian 6mm 1.txt

11727 9.99 5.87 2.07 11.77 30.50 ian 6mm 2.txt

11728 11.98 6.61 2.89 13.98 27.50 mike 6mm1.txt

11729 10.46 5.55 2.49 12.10 31.25 mike 6mm2.txt

11730 6.49 4.02 1.22 7.74 30.75 vince 6mm1.txt

11733 5.92 3.50 1.19 6.98 28.00 vince 6mm4.txt

Count: 6 Total: 177.75 seconds

Mean: 9.52 5.39 1.98 11.12

Stdev: 2.71 1.35 0.68 3.08

Time to EAV: 0:24

Time to ELV: 1:37

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 7.37 4.40 1.41 8.75

Median: 10.23 5.71 2.03 11.94

75%ile 11.60 6.42 2.38 13.51

IQ range 4.23 2.02 0.97 4.77

Time to EAV: 0:21

Time to ELV: 1:24

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 9.52 5.39 1.97 11.12

Stdev: 4.61 2.52 1.01 5.34 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

11.1 ± 3.1 m/s²

13.5m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 67: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

67

Site 2 – Tool B

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1688

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: Claw InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1688 11738 3.38 4.46 3.10 6.40 30.50 mike claw 1.txt

11743 3.24 2.46 3.51 5.37 30.50 vince claw 3.txt

Count: 2 Total: 61.00 seconds

Mean: 3.31 3.46 3.31 5.88

Stdev: 0.10 1.41 0.29 0.73

Time to EAV: 1:26

Time to ELV: 5:46

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 3.27 2.96 3.20 5.63

Median: 3.31 3.46 3.31 5.88

75%ile 3.34 3.96 3.41 6.14

IQ range 0.07 1.00 0.20 0.51

Time to EAV: 1:26

Time to ELV: 5:46

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 3.31 3.46 3.31 5.88

Stdev: 2.34 2.64 2.35 4.19 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

5.9 ± 0.7 m/s²

6.1m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 68: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

68

Site 2 – Tool B

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1689

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 714 InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Photos\Ipswich Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Throttle (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1689 11746 9.24 6.09 1.49 11.17 34.00 ian claw 3.txt

11747 7.88 5.81 1.32 9.88 31.75 ian claw 4.txt

11748 9.25 5.55 1.93 10.96 30.50 mike claw 1.txt

11749 7.77 4.59 1.51 9.15 29.75 mike claw 2.txt

11752 6.44 3.98 1.25 7.67 30.25 vince claw 2.txt

11753 5.10 3.59 1.36 6.39 30.50 vince claw 3.txt

Count: 6 Total: 186.75 seconds

Mean: 7.61 4.94 1.48 9.20

Stdev: 1.62 1.03 0.24 1.88

Time to EAV: 0:35

Time to ELV: 2:21

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 6.77 4.13 1.33 8.04

Median: 7.82 5.07 1.43 9.51

75%ile 8.90 5.75 1.51 10.69

IQ range 2.13 1.61 0.18 2.65

Time to EAV: 0:33

Time to ELV: 2:12

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 7.65 4.97 1.48 9.25

Stdev: 3.45 2.24 0.64 4.15 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

9.2 ± 1.9 m/s²

10.7m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 69: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

69

Site 2 – Tool C

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1690

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: chisel sleeve InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1690 11754 4.96 5.67 3.96 8.51 30.25 8mm ian 1.txt

11755 4.88 5.88 4.24 8.74 30.75 8mm ian 2.txt

11756 2.73 4.24 3.15 5.95 30.50 8mm mike1.txt

11757 2.93 3.47 2.78 5.33 31.00 8mm mike2.txt

11758 3.58 4.55 3.16 6.60 30.50 8mm mike3.txt

11759 1.94 2.96 2.94 4.60 36.25 8mm vince 1 not holding sleeve.txt

11760 2.13 3.53 2.77 4.96 30.25 8mm vince 2.txt

11761 2.08 2.80 2.91 4.54 29.75 8mm vince 3.txt

Count: 8 Total: 249.25 seconds

Mean: 3.16 4.14 3.24 6.15

Stdev: 1.22 1.17 0.56 1.67

Time to EAV: 1:19

Time to ELV: 5:16

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 2.12 3.34 2.88 4.87

Median: 2.83 3.89 3.04 5.64

75%ile 3.91 4.83 3.36 7.08

IQ range 1.79 1.49 0.48 2.21

Time to EAV: 1:34

Time to ELV: 6:17

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 3.13 4.11 3.23 6.12

Stdev: 1.59 1.82 1.26 2.67 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

6.2 ± 1.7 m/s²

7.1m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 70: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

70

Site 2 – Tool C

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1691

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: BV217 InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Tool body (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1691 11762 2.22 6.30 2.07 7.00 30.25 8mm ian 1.txt

11763 2.55 5.69 2.00 6.55 30.75 8mm ian 2.txt

11764 1.93 4.07 1.56 4.77 30.50 8mm mike1.txt

11765 1.77 3.54 1.17 4.13 31.00 8mm mike2.txt

11766 1.93 5.68 1.33 6.14 30.50 8mm mike3.txt

11767 1.71 4.34 1.16 4.81 36.25 8mm vince 1 not holding sleeve.txt

11768 1.70 5.12 1.25 5.53 30.25 8mm vince 2.txt

11769 1.52 4.07 1.36 4.56 29.75 8mm vince 3.txt

Count: 8 Total: 249.25 seconds

Mean: 1.92 4.85 1.49 5.43

Stdev: 0.33 0.98 0.36 1.04

Time to EAV: 1:41

Time to ELV: 6:46

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 1.70 4.07 1.23 4.71

Median: 1.85 4.73 1.35 5.17

75%ile 2.00 5.68 1.67 6.24

IQ range 0.30 1.61 0.44 1.53

Time to EAV: 1:52

Time to ELV: 7:29

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 1.91 4.84 1.48 5.42

Stdev: 0.74 1.94 0.62 2.15 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

5.4 ± 1.0 m/s²

6.2m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 71: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

71

Site 2 – Tool C

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1692

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: chisel sleeve InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1692 11770 7.11 6.56 3.17 10.18 29.75 20mm ian 3.txt

11771 5.64 6.21 3.25 8.99 32.00 20mm ian 4.txt

11772 5.33 3.93 3.83 7.65 29.50 20mm mike 4.txt

11773 4.55 4.17 3.58 7.14 28.75 20mm mike 5.txt

11774 5.01 4.56 4.23 7.99 29.50 20mm mike 6.txt

11775 2.41 2.04 2.49 4.02 31.25 20mm vince 4.txt

11776 3.25 2.71 2.61 4.97 31.50 20mm vince 5.txt

11777 3.56 3.03 3.14 5.63 30.75 20mm vince 6.txt

Count: 8 Total: 243.00 seconds

Mean: 4.61 4.15 3.29 7.07

Stdev: 1.50 1.61 0.59 2.08

Time to EAV: 1:00

Time to ELV: 4:00

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 3.49 2.95 3.01 5.47

Median: 4.78 4.05 3.21 7.39

75%ile 5.41 4.97 3.65 8.24

IQ range 1.92 2.02 0.64 2.77

Time to EAV: 0:54

Time to ELV: 3:39

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 4.59 4.14 3.27 7.05

Stdev: 2.15 2.10 1.28 3.16 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

7.1 ± 2.1 m/s²

8.2m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 72: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

72

Site 2 – Tool C

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1693

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: BV211 InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Tool body (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1693 11778 1.92 5.99 2.94 6.94 29.75 20mm ian 3.txt

11779 2.18 6.09 2.82 7.05 32.00 20mm ian 4.txt

11780 3.12 5.49 2.03 6.63 29.50 20mm mike 4.txt

11781 2.71 6.63 1.36 7.29 28.75 20mm mike 5.txt

11782 3.01 7.43 1.51 8.16 29.50 20mm mike 6.txt

11783 1.15 1.42 1.10 2.13 31.25 20mm vince 4.txt

11784 1.41 2.07 1.07 2.72 31.50 20mm vince 5.txt

11785 1.43 3.16 1.40 3.74 30.75 20mm vince 6.txt

Count: 8 Total: 243.00 seconds

Mean: 2.12 4.79 1.78 5.58

Stdev: 0.77 2.25 0.74 2.33

Time to EAV: 1:36

Time to ELV: 6:24

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 1.43 2.89 1.30 3.49

Median: 2.05 5.74 1.45 6.79

75%ile 2.78 6.22 2.23 7.11

IQ range 1.36 3.34 0.93 3.63

Time to EAV: 1:05

Time to ELV: 4:20

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 2.10 4.74 1.78 5.54

Stdev: 1.03 2.69 0.94 2.93 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

5.6 ± 2.3 m/s²

7.1m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 73: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

73

Site 2 – Tool D

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1694

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: 6mm chisel InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1694 11786 4.73 14.64 8.63 17.64 30.50 ian 6mm1.txt

11788 5.37 14.58 9.06 17.99 29.50 ian 6mm2.txt

11789 3.49 14.89 7.29 16.95 30.75 mike 6mm 1.txt

11790 3.85 15.56 8.22 18.02 31.25 mike 6mm 2.txt

11791 3.93 17.47 8.46 19.81 30.75 vince 6mm1.txt

11792 4.41 18.48 8.83 20.95 30.75 vince 6mm2.txt

Count: 6 Total: 183.50 seconds

Mean: 4.30 15.94 8.42 18.56

Stdev: 0.68 1.65 0.62 1.51

Time to EAV: 0:08

Time to ELV: 0:34

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 3.87 14.70 8.28 17.73

Median: 4.17 15.23 8.55 18.00

75%ile 4.65 16.99 8.78 19.36

IQ range 0.78 2.29 0.50 1.63

Time to EAV: 0:09

Time to ELV: 0:37

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 4.29 15.95 8.41 18.56

Stdev: 1.86 6.68 3.48 7.70 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

18.6 ± 1.5 m/s²

19.4m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 74: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

74

Site 2 – Tool D

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1695

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: D InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Tool body (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1695 11793 1.36 19.24 1.89 19.38 30.50 ian 6mm1.txt

11794 1.39 19.79 1.89 19.92 29.50 ian 6mm2.txt

11795 3.39 23.70 1.06 23.97 30.75 mike 6mm 1.txt

11796 3.41 22.93 1.20 23.22 31.25 mike 6mm 2.txt

11797 1.98 23.33 1.31 23.45 30.75 vince 6mm1.txt

11798 1.47 22.40 1.45 22.49 30.75 vince 6mm2.txt

Count: 6 Total: 183.50 seconds

Mean: 2.17 21.90 1.47 22.07

Stdev: 0.98 1.91 0.35 1.94

Time to EAV: 0:06

Time to ELV: 0:24

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 1.41 20.44 1.23 20.57

Median: 1.73 22.67 1.38 22.86

75%ile 3.04 23.23 1.78 23.39

IQ range 1.63 2.79 0.55 2.82

Time to EAV: 0:05

Time to ELV: 0:22

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 2.18 21.92 1.46 22.09

Stdev: 1.26 9.12 0.68 9.19 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

22.1 ± 1.9 m/s²

23.4m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 75: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

75

Site 2 – Tool D

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1697

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: Claw InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Front hand (m/s²) 0 (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1697 11799 6.07 7.54 6.50 11.66 30.50 ian claw 1.txt

11800 5.00 5.77 6.72 10.17 30.25 ian claw 2.txt

11801 4.53 6.15 3.74 8.51 29.25 mike claw 1.txt

11802 3.57 5.08 3.12 6.95 29.75 mike claw 3 transducers turned on top.txt

11803 4.60 4.75 4.15 7.81 31.25 vince claw 1.txt

11804 4.79 6.37 3.98 8.90 29.25 vince claw 2.txt

11814 3.63 6.40 3.86 8.31 29.75 vince claw at low pressure.txt

Count: 7 Total: 210.00 seconds

Mean: 4.60 6.01 4.58 8.90

Stdev: 0.85 0.93 1.43 1.57

Time to EAV: 0:37

Time to ELV: 2:31

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 4.08 5.42 3.80 8.06

Median: 4.60 6.15 3.98 8.51

75%ile 4.90 6.38 5.33 9.54

IQ range 0.82 0.96 1.53 1.48

Time to EAV: 0:41

Time to ELV: 2:45

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 4.60 6.00 4.59 8.91

Stdev: 1.91 2.43 2.18 3.67 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

8.9 ± 1.6 m/s²

9.5m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 76: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

76

Site 2 – Tool D

Dateofentrytodatabase: 24-Apr-13

PrintDate 5-Jul-13

MainID: 1698

DateOfVisit: 17/04/13

LocationName: Collins and Curtis

Occupation: stone mason

Process: chiseling stone

ProcessNotes:

MachineModel: D InsertedToolType: Vibration reduced sleeve

MachineModifications: InsertedToolPhotoDirectoryName:Photos\Ipswich

MachineSize: DataSource:

MachineWeight(kg):

MachineOperatingPressure: HSLReportNumber:

MachineSpeed(impacts/min): HSLReportDirectoryName:

MachineSpeed(revs/min):

MachinePower: ShotsPerDay:

MachinePowerSource: Pneumatic DailyExposureTime:

MachinePhotoDirName: Checked2012Initials: SMH

InsertedToolCategoryID: 1

Tool body (m/s²)

Results_

MainID:

ResultsID

:

x-axis y-axis z-axis ahv Measure-

ment

time (s)

No.

Shots in

Meas.

Source file name

1698 11806 1.35 22.81 1.32 22.89 30.50 ian claw 1.txt

11807 1.25 23.15 1.19 23.21 30.25 ian claw 2.txt

11808 1.53 12.08 1.38 12.25 29.25 mike claw 1.txt

11809 2.10 11.00 1.40 11.29 30.50 mike claw 2.txt

11810 2.07 15.20 1.80 15.45 29.75 mike claw 3 transducers turned on top.txt

11811 1.78 20.13 1.11 20.24 31.25 vince claw 1.txt

11812 1.83 24.09 1.19 24.19 29.25 vince claw 2.txt

11813 1.58 13.70 1.06 13.83 29.75 vince claw at low pressure.txt

Count: 8 Total: 240.50 seconds

Mean: 1.69 17.77 1.31 17.92

Stdev: 0.31 5.36 0.23 5.30

Time to EAV: 0:09

Time to ELV: 0:37

A(8): #VALUE!

25%ile 1.48 13.29 1.17 13.43

Median: 1.68 17.67 1.26 17.85

75%ile 1.89 22.89 1.39 22.97

IQ range 0.40 9.60 0.21 9.53

Time to EAV: 0:09

Time to ELV: 0:37

A(8): #VALUE!

Time-weighted mean: 1.69 17.79 1.31 17.94

Stdev: 0.66 8.04 0.51 8.05 V2.2 April 2012

Highest hand ahw

17.9 ± 5.3 m/s²

23.0m/s²

Highest hand 75%ile

Page 77: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

77

ANNEX E - RESULTS FOR SITE#2’S OWN STONE HAMMERS

Description Attachment Operators Location Individual measurement data

Total values (m/s²)

mean std

dev

upper

quartile

max

In-line traditional

hammer#1

Vibration-reducing

holder and claw

1, 2 and 3 Chisel 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.8 7.3 5.7 6.0 0.6 5.9 7.3

Tool handle 7.4 9 8.8 8.8 7 8.9 8.3 0.9 8.9 9

In-line traditional

hammer#1

Plain chisel 3 Chisel Tool handle 9.1 9.5

In-line traditional

hammer#2

Vibration-reducing

holder and claw

1 Chisel Tool handle 13.3 15.3 14.3 13.2 14.0 1.0 14.6 15.3

In-line traditional

hammer#3

Vibration-reducing

holder and claw

1, 2 and 3 Chisel Tool handle 12.2 12.3 5.6 6 5.5 8.8 8.4 3.2 11.4 12.3

Page 78: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

78

ANNEX F - RESULTS OF ANOVA COMPARISONS

Page 79: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

79

Table F.1 Results of ANOVA tests on tool bodies

Tool

a e

mis

sio

n v

alu

e

A g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ c

his

el

A lim

esto

ne

VR

sle

eve +

ch

isel

A g

ran

ite

pla

in c

his

el

A lim

esto

ne

pla

in c

his

el

A g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush

ham

me

r

B g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ c

his

el

B lim

esto

ne

V

R s

lee

ve

+ c

his

el

B g

ran

ite

pla

in c

his

el

B lim

esto

ne

pla

in c

his

el

B g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush

ham

me

r

B lim

esto

ne

VR

sle

eve +

bu

sh

ha

mm

er

C g

ran

ite

ow

n s

lee

ve

C lim

esto

ne

ow

n s

leeve

C g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush

ham

me

r

C lim

esto

ne

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush

ha

mm

er

D g

ran

ite

D lim

esto

ne

A granite VR sleeve + 20mm chisel 11.2

A limestone VR sleeve + chisel 11.8 ns

A granite plain chisel 13.83 ns ns

A limestone plain chisel 11.4 ns ns ns

A granite VR sleeve + bush hammer 10.01 ns ns s ns

B granite VR sleeve + chisel 11.81 ns ns ns ns ns

B limestone VR sleeve + chisel 11.37 ns ns ns ns ns ns

B granite plain chisel 19.66 s s s s s s s

B limestone plain chisel 18.07 s s s s s s s ns

B granite VR sleeve + bush hammer 11.49 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns s s

B limestone VR sleeve + bush hammer 10.46 ns ns s ns ns ns ns s s ns

C granite own sleeve 3.94 s s s s s s s s s s s

C limestone own sleeve 3.386 s s s s s s s s s s s ns

C granite VR sleeve + bush hammer 3.74 s s s s s s s s s s s ns ns

C limestone VR sleeve + bush hammer 3.06 s s s s s s s s s s s ns ns ns

D granite 15.74 s s ns s s s s s ns s s s s s s

D limestone 15.93 s s ns s s s s s ns s s s s s s ns

s = significant, ns = not significant

Page 80: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

80

Table F.2 Results of ANOVA tests on chisels

Chisel & Holder

a e

mis

sio

n v

alu

e

A g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ c

his

el

A lim

esto

ne

VR

sle

eve +

ch

isel

A lim

esto

ne

pla

in c

his

el

A g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush

ham

me

r

B g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ c

his

el

B lim

esto

ne

V

R s

lee

ve

+ c

his

el

B g

ran

ite

pla

in c

his

el

B lim

esto

ne

pla

in c

his

el

B g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush

ham

me

r

B lim

esto

ne

VR

sle

eve +

bu

sh h

am

me

r

C g

ran

ite

ow

n s

lee

ve

C lim

esto

ne

ow

n s

leeve

C g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush

ham

me

r

C lim

esto

ne

VR

sle

eve

+ b

ush h

am

me

r

D g

ran

ite

VR

sle

eve

+ c

his

el

D lim

esto

ne

VR

sle

eve

+ c

his

el

A granite VR sleeve + chisel 14.5

A limestone VR sleeve + chisel 15.5 ns

A limestone plain chisel 26.6 s s

A granite VR sleeve + bush hammer 9.0 s s s

B granite VR sleeve + chisel 10.9 s s s ns

B limestone VR sleeve + chisel 10.5 s s s ns ns

B granite plain chisel 18.1 s ns s s s s

B limestone plain chisel 12.0 ns s s ns ns ns s

B granite VR sleeve + bush hammer 7.8 s s s ns s ns s s

B limestone VR sleeve + bush hammer 7.1 s s s ns s s s s ns

C granite own sleeve 9.9 s s s ns ns ns s ns ns ns

C limestone own sleeve 6.0 s s s s s s s s ns ns s

C granite VR sleeve + bush hammer 11.9 ns s s ns ns ns s ns s s ns s

C limestone VR sleeve + bush hammer 8.1 s s s ns ns ns s s ns ns ns s s

D granite VR sleeve + chisel 11.0 s s s ns ns ns s ns s s ns ns ns ns

D limestone VR sleeve + chisel 8.2 s s s ns ns ns s s ns ns ns s s ns ns

s = significant, ns = not significant

Page 81: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

81

ANNEX G - POTENTIAL INFLUENCES ON TOOL BODY EMISSION MEASUREMENTS

G.1 INFLUENCE OF HARDNESS OF WORK PIECE

Two different work pieces (stone types) were used for the emission tests. Both types of work

piece were within (or almost within) the criteria for the apparent specific for the work piece, but

they had very different ratings on the Mohs hardness scale; granite has a Mohs value of 6-7 and

limestone has a Mohs value of 3. Emission test results were compared to investigate whether the

use of a softer material, in this case limestone, could cause differences in emission test results.

Figure G.1 shows the a emission values obtained from measurements on each of the 4 tools

when used on the 2 types of work piece. Each of the columns represents the mean a emission

value for the tool named on the x-axis. Clear columns represent the results on limestone and

shaded columns represent results on granite. The error bars indicate the K value for each set of

measurements. In each test, the stone hammers were used with a vibration-reducing chisel

holder to keep operator exposures to a minimum. Although use of the holder has the potential to

affect the vibration magnitude on the tool body, the comparison being made is between the two

types of work piece in this instance.

Figure G.1 Comparison of the HSE measured a (+K) emission test results for the four hammers on limestone and granite work pieces

ANOVA comparisons showed that there were no significant differences between a emission

values measured using the two work pieces with different hardness (Mohs) values for any of the

0

5

10

15

20

25

A B C D

Fre

qu

en

cy-w

eig

hte

d a

cce

lera

tio

n (

m/s

²)

Tool

Limestone Granite

Page 82: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

82

four tools tested. This implies that the hardness of the material being carved is not a major

influencing factor in determining the vibration emission on the tool body.

It is important to bear in mind that this finding may not apply when tools are used with plain

chisels. Vibration measurements on plain chisels were not investigated in detail in this study

because they are prone to difficulties of signal distortion, due to the highly impulsive nature of

the vibration, and are consequently difficult and time-consuming to achieve.

G.2 INFLUENCE OF CHISEL TYPE

The influence of the chisel type on the vibration emission data for the tool body was

investigated by varying the type of chisel selected. The test code only requires the lightest chisel

to be used but this may include a bush hammer, which is used in a different way to a chisel.

Measurements were made for Tools A, B and C. Figure G.2 shows the results of emission test

comparisons. In Figure G.2, the HSE measured a emission value on the tool body is represented

by the vertical columns. The data are shown for the three different hammers, tested with a 20

mm or 25 mm chisel and a square bush hammer as the inserted tool, on a granite work piece.

For all of the tests, the inserted tools were used with a vibration-reducing chisel holder, except

for the 25 mm chisel for Tool C, for which the manufacturer’s supplied vibration-reducing tool

holder was used.

ANOVA comparisons on the pairs of results for each tool indicated that choice of chisel does

not have a significant effect on the vibration emission value measured on the body of each tool.

However, these results were all obtained with the use of a vibration-reducing chisel holder. It is

possible that the vibration-reducing chisel holder affected the results. Additional tests with plain

chisels were beyond the scope of the research.

Page 83: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

83

Figure G.2 Comparison of HSE measured a (+K) emission test results on a granite work piece for Tools A, B and C, for different inserted tools in a vibration-

reducing holder

G.3 INFLUENCE OF VIBRATION REDUCING CHISEL HOLDER

BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 does not specify in any detail, the chisel that should be used in

conjunction with the tool. Clause 8.4 states: “…inserted tool of the type that is most commonly

used with that hammer. For larger hammers, this may be a bush machine; for smaller hammers,

it may be a flat chisel. Where more than one type of inserted tool is commonly used with the

hammer, the lightest one shall be selected”.

Tools A and B were tested with two different styles of chisel:

1. A plain masonry chisel, Figure G.3a.

2. A masonry chisel in a vibration-reducing chisel holder, Figure G.3b.

Figure G.3a Plain chisel Figure G.3b Vibration-reducing holder

Figures G.4a and G4b show the influence of a vibration-reducing chisel holder on the vibration

on the tool body of a lower powered machine (Tool B) compared with a more powerful one

(Tool A).

Page 84: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

84

Figure G.4a Influence of chisel type on magnitudes on the tool body tested on granite

ANOVA comparisons confirmed that for Tool A, there were no significant differences between

results on the tool body when using the two different chisels on limestone (Figure G4a) or on

granite (Figure G4b). The comparison on granite was just below the upper bound of the 95%

confidence interval.

For Tool B, the vibration magnitude on the tool body was significantly higher when using a

plain masonry chisel compared with a vibration-reducing chisel holder. This was true for

measurements on both granite and limestone. Tool B emission values for work pieces were 19.7

m/s2 (granite) and 18.1 m/s2 (limestone) when used with the plain chisel and 11.8 m/s2 (granite)

and 11.4 m/s2 (limestone) when used with the vibration-reducing chisel holder. One possible

explanation is that when Tool B is used with the vibration-reducing holder, a significant

proportion of the energy imparted by the hammer is actually absorbed by the vibration-reducing

mechanism. This may mean however that Tool B is made less effective by the use of the

vibration-reducing holder.

0

5

10

15

20

25

Chisel & holder Plain Chisel Chisel & holder Plain Chisel

A B

Freq

uen

cy-w

eig

hte

d a

cce

lera

tio

n (m

/s²)

Chisel & holder Plain Chisel

Page 85: of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the ...BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, along with BS EN ISO 28927-9:2009 for needle scalers and scaling hammers, supersedes BS EN ISO

85

Figure G.4b Influence of chisel type on magnitudes on the tool body tested on limestone

The potential for the type of chisel used to influence the vibration magnitude on the tool body is

relevant for two reasons:

1. If the chisel used can affect the vibration emission, then the chisel needs to be

specified or at least detailed in the emission test conditions. 2. If a vibration-reducing chisel can reduce the vibration on the tool body, then it can

be regarded as a vibration-reducing device, which can be used to keep operators’

exposures to a minimum during typical use.

Further work is necessary to investigate further the circumstances under which vibration-

reducing holders might reduce the vibration on a tool body, the influence of the vibration-

reducing holders on the efficiency of the hammers, and also to establish the durability of such

devices and how the performance varies over a typical lifespan.

G.4 INFLUENCE OF OPERATOR

One factor that can have a major influence on the outcome of any emission test is the operator.

This influence is particularly strong for emission tests on stone hammers. Figure G.5 shows the

emission test data from two tests. One test was on Tool B, using a plain chisel on limestone

(indicated by the diamond-shaped marker). The other test was on Tool D, using a vibration-

reducing chisel on granite (square marker). The plots show the five results for each of the three

operators. For each operator, data are plotted in ascending order for display purposes, although

this does not necessarily represent the order in which they were measured.

Figure G.5 shows the increasing vibration magnitudes for each of the three operators for both

tests, with no overlap between the ranges for any of the three operators for either tool. The

overall mean a emission value for Tool B was 11.4 m/s² (K = 5.1 m/s²) and overall mean a

emission value for Tool D was 15.7 m/s² (K = 6.6 m/s²). All emission tests were carried out in

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Chisel & holder Plain Chisel Chisel & holder Plain Chisel

A B

Freq

uen

cy-w

eig

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tio

n (m

/s²)

Chisel & holder Plain Chisel

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accordance with the test code, with the tools operating at the manufacturers’ recommended air

pressures. The same configuration of accelerometers, in exactly the same measurement location,

was used for each of the three operators. The data in Figure G.5 clearly shows there is potential

for obtaining widely different emission test results depending on the operator.

The influence of the operators on the results of the vibration measurements is believed to be due

to differences in grip and feed forces between operators. This is particularly influential for stone

hammers, possibly because of the interaction between the chisel and the tool itself, which is

highly variable depending on how the operator holds and uses the tool. In such circumstances,

the inclusion of the K value in the declaration is of great importance to reflect the inter-subject

variability that occurs even within the constraints of the emission test.

Figure G.5 Individual emission test data measured on the tool body for two sample emission tests

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Operator 1 data Operator 2 data Operator 3 data

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(m/s

²)

Tool B, limestone, plain chisel Tool D, granite, chisel in holder

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ANNEX H - POTENTIAL INFLUENCES ON CHISEL EMISSION MEASUREMENTS

H.1 INFLUENCE OF WORK PIECE ON CHISEL VIBRATION EMISSION

Figure H.1 compares the a emission values obtained from measurements on the chisels for each

of the four tools tested on two types of work piece; granite and limestone. The comparison was

made to investigate whether the use of a softer material, in this case limestone, could cause

differences in emission test results on the chisels. Each of the vertical bars in Figure H.1

represents the mean a emission value for the chisel used with the tool named on the x-axis.

Clear bars represent the results of tests on limestone and shaded bars represent results on

granite. The error bars indicate the K value for each set of measurements.

It should be noted that none of these measurements were made on plain chisels, due to the

difficulties involved and the high exposure levels that result. Measurements were all made using

a vibration-reducing chisel holder. Tools A, B and D were all used with the same chisel holder

(shown in Figures 2a and 2b). Tool C had its own manufacturer-specific chisel holder.

Figure H.1 Comparison of the HSE measured a emission test results on the chisels for the four hammers on limestone and granite work pieces

The ANOVA comparisons showed that for Tools A, B and D there was no significant difference

between the results for the chisels on the two materials. The results for Tool C, however,

showed that there was significantly higher result on the holder when used on the granite work

piece compared with on the limestone. The differences for Tool C were assumed to be due to

differences in the performance of its own chisel holder. Unfortunately, as the Tool C chisel

holder could not be used with the other tools and vice versa, these differences could not be

investigated further.

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H.2 INFLUENCE OF TOOL ON CHISEL VIBRATION EMISSION

The investigation of vibration on the tool bodies has already shown that the use of the vibration-

reducing holder can affect the vibration magnitude on the tool body in some circumstances. The

investigation also showed that using a flat chisel or a bush hammer in the vibration-reducing

holder did not have a significant effect on the vibration of the tool body. This section compares

the influence of the tool on the vibration magnitude on the same chisel using three of the tools,

A, B and D. Tool C is not included in this comparison, because it has its own chisel holder and

was not tested with any other chisel.

Figure H.2 shows the results of measurements on the vibration-reduced holder when used with

Tools A, B and D, tested on both limestone and granite.

ANOVA results showed that vibration magnitudes on the vibration-reducing holder were not

significantly different for Tools B or D. However, the results of the vibration measurements on

the same chisel and holder combination when used with Tool A were significantly higher than

when used with Tools B and D. This is believed to be because Tool A is more powerful than

Tools B and D and therefore transmits more energy to the chisel, resulting in higher vibration

magnitudes.

Figure H.2 Measurements on the vibration reduced holder, on both limestone and granite when used with Tools A, B and D

Figure H.3 shows the mean vibration emission value, a, on the plain chisel on limestone (clear

bars) and the bush hammer in the vibration-reducing holder on granite (grey bars) when used

with Tools A and B under emission test conditions. The error bars represent the K value.

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Figure H.3 Measurements on the plain chisel and the bush hammer in the vibration-reducing holder on limestone when used with Tools A and B

The emission test results obtained on limestone using a plain chisel were significantly different

depending on the tool used. This was assumed to be due the more powerful Tool A imparting

more energy to the chisel than Tool B. When used with the bush hammer in the vibration-

reducing holder the differences between the two tools were not significantly different.

Tools A and B were also tested on granite with the plain chisel, but data for Tool A were

affected by dc-shift and have therefore not been included. Tool D was not tested with the plain

chisel on either work piece due to problems with dc-shift.

The results in this section show, not surprisingly, that the vibration magnitudes on a chisel, or

on a chisel holder, can vary significantly depending on the tool with which it is used.

H.3 INFLUENCE OF OPERATOR ON CHISEL VIBRATION EMISSION

Figure H.4 shows two examples of emission data from two tests: a plain chisel used on

limestone with Tool B, and a flat chisel in the vibration-reducing holder used on granite with

Tool D. The data are from the same emission tests as those presented for the tool body in Figure

G.5. The plots show the five results for each of the three operators. For each operator, data are

plotted in ascending order for display purposes, although this does not necessarily represent the

order in which they were measured.

The data show that all three operators have produced similar results for measurements on the

plain chisel used with Tool B, although there is a slightly wider spread of data for Operator 1.

For measurements on the chisel in the vibration-reducing holder when used with Tool D,

Operator 1 gave higher vibration magnitudes than Operators 2 and 3.

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The data presented in Figures H.4 and G.5 were obtained for the same tools using the same

operators; the vibration magnitudes measured on the tool body are shown in Figure H.4 and on

the chisel in Figure G.5. Figure G.4 shows that for both tools on both test materials, the

magnitudes measured on the tool body increase from Operator 1 who produces the lowest

magnitudes to Operator 3 who gives the highest magnitudes. This pattern is not reflected in the

results measured on the chisels in Figure H.4. The mean vibration magnitudes for each operator

on limestone are similar. On granite, the magnitudes are highest for Operator 1 and lowest for

Operator 3, which is the opposite trend to that seen on the tool body.

Figure H.4 Individual data measured on the chisel for two sample emission tests

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ANNEX I - INFLUENCE OF AIRLINE PRESSURE ON STONE HAMMER VIBRATION MAGNITUDE

I.1 METHOD Measurements were made on the body of the stone hammer and also on the chisel using the

standard HSE vibration measurement system to investigate the influence of the airline pressure

on the outcome of a vibration emission measurement.

The BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011 emission test procedure was followed using Ancaster

Weatherbed limestone, which has an apparent density just slightly lower than that specified in

the test code. This material is fairly typical of a hard limestone that might be worked in the UK.

Figure I.1 shows an example of the measurement set-up.

Figure I.1. Hammer set up with vibration-reducing holder and claw tool

In accordance with the standard test, five measurements were made for each of three operators

whilst they chiselled the stone. The resultant fifteen measurement values were used to calculate

the emission value, a, and the uncertainty, K.

Three sets of measurements were made for the following combinations of tools:

1. Tool D with vibration-reducing holder and claw

2. Tool D with plain chisel

3. Tool B with plain chisel

For each of these three tool and chisel combinations, a full set of measurements was made with

the tool operating pressure set first at 3 bar, then 4 bar and finally 5 bar.

I.2 RESULTS Figures I.2 and I.3 show the data for the tool and the chisel separately. Figures I.2a, I.2b and

I.2c show data for the tool body. Figures I.3a, I.3b and I.3c show the data for the chisels. In the

graphs, the maximum and minimum of the individual measurements for each operator are

shown followed by the a emission value at each pressure, with the error bar indicating the K

value. This is done to illustrate the influence that the operator can have on the outcome of the

measurement.

The overall emission values (a and K) are given in Tables I.1a, I.1b and I.1c.

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Figure I.2a. Tool D. Measurements on the tool body using the vibration-reducing holder and claw tool, at increasing operating pressures

Figure I.2b. Tool D. Measurements on the tool body using the plain chisel, at increasing operating pressures

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Figure I.2c. Tool B. Measurements on the tool body using the plain chisel, at increasing operating pressures

Figure I.3a. Tool D. Measurements on the vibration-reducing chisel holder and claw, at increasing operating pressure

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Figure I.3b. Tool D. Measurements on the plain chisel, at increasing operating pressures

Figure I.3c. Tool B. Measurements on the plain chisel, at increasing operating pressures

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Table I.1a. Overall frequency-weighted vibration total values (m/s²) for Tool D with vibration-reducing chisel holder and claw

Pressure Tool Body Chisel

a

(m/s²)

K

(m/s²)

a

(m/s²)

K

(m/s²)

3 Bar 9.6 3.4 7.2 1.9

4 Bar 14.8 4.4 8.7 3.4

5 Bar 16.8 5.6 10.0 3.5

Table I.1b. Overall frequency-weighted vibration total values (m/s²) for Tool D with plain chisel

Pressure Tool Body Chisel

a

(m/s²)

K

(m/s²)

a

(m/s²)

K

(m/s²)

3 bar 10.3 2.9 10.1 3.5

4 bar 13.9 4.9 12.7 5.6

5 bar 19.2 5.3 11.6 4.7

Table I.1c. Overall frequency-weighted vibration total values (m/s²) for Tool B with plain chisel

Pressure Tool Body Chisel

a

(m/s²)

K

(m/s²)

a

(m/s²)

K

(m/s²)

3 bar 10.6 3.7 8.0 2.4

4 bar 13.9 4.3 9.5 2.9

5 bar 13.9 6.3 10.8 3.4

I.3 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The data show that increasing the operating pressure caused an increase in measured vibration

magnitude on the tool body in all three cases. The biggest difference was for Tool D measured

on the tool body with plain chisel (Table I.1b). The mean, a emission increased from 10.3 m/s²

to 19.2 m/s², an increase of 86%.

For measurements on the body of Tool D with vibration-reducing sleeve and claw (Table I.1a),

the mean, a emission increased from 9.6 m/s² to 16.8 m/s², which is an increase of 75%. On the

lower powered Tool B (Table I.1c), the mean, a emission increased from 10.6 m/s² to 13.9 m/s²,

which is an increase of 31%.

There is a great deal of variability in the results between operators, which can be attributed to

different grip and push forces. The biggest range of individual data points was for the Tool D

with plain chisel (Figure I.2b). Across the three operators, the range is from a minimum of

6.7 m/s² (Operator 2 at 3 bar) to a maximum of 24.7 m/s² (Operator 3 at 5 bar).

I.4 FURTHER WORK Further work is necessary to investigate in more detail the influence of airline pressures on the

vibration of the tools when they are used by experienced operators. In particular, it would be

necessary to investigate the variations in airline pressure that occur during normal work

processes by trained stone masons to get an indication of how this might impact on typical daily

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exposures and to determine if there is any scope for developing best practice guidance for

particular tasks in the industry.

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Published by the Health & Safety Executive 10/20

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The effectiveness of British Standard BS EN ISO 28927-11:2001 concerning the vibration emission of stone hammers

RR1163

www.hse.gov.uk

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is a painful and disabling disorder of the blood vessels, nerves and joints, caused by exposure to hand transmitted vibration, often from use of power tools. HAVS is preventable, but once damage is done, it is irreversible.

The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 require manufacturers to minimise machinery vibration risk and declare vibration emission. British standard test codes can be used for this declaration. Manufacturers must also provide information to enable any residual risk (after minimisation by the manufacturer) to be assessed and effectively managed. The information should identify any gap between the risk indicated by the declared vibration emission and the likely actual risk during use: however this information is often missing.

This report will be of interest to standards makers and technical specialists dealing with hand-arm vibration emission standards. It describes work carried out up until 2013 to investigate BS EN ISO 28927-11:2011, a British Standard that defines a vibration emission test code for stone hammers.

The research shows that different techniques for using stone hammers can result in wide variations in vibration magnitudes. The variations suggest test reproducibility may be poor, but in the absence of comparable manufacturers’ data this could not be assessed.

This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.