Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC)

OLD B A B Y L O N I A N PERIOD(2003-1595 BC)

THE

ROYAL

INSCRIPTIONS

OF

MESOPOTAMIA

EDITORIAL

BOARD

A. Kirk Grayson (Toronto) Director and Editor-in-Charge Ronald F.G. Sweet (Toronto) Editor-in-Chief

of Assyrian Periods

Louis D. Levine (Toronto) Technical Adviser Veysel Donbaz (Istanbul) Paul Garelli (Paris)

t Edmond Sollberger (London) Dietz Hdzard (Munich) Editors-in-Charge of Early Periods John A. Brinkman (Chicago) Editor-in-Charge of Babylonian

Fawzi Rashid (Baghdad) Liane Jakob-Rost (East Berlin)

Periods Grant Frame (Toronto) Assistant Director

VolumesASSYRIAN

PublishedPERIODS

1 Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (TO 1115 BC)A. KIRK GRAYSON

EARLY4

PERIODS

O l d B a b y l o n i a n P e r i o d (2003-1595 BC) DOUGLAS FRAYNE

SUPPLEMENTS 1 Royal Inscriptions on Clay Cones from Ashur now in IstanbulV. DONBAZ and A. KIRK GRAYSON

Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595 BC)

University of Toronto Press 1990 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-5873-6 (bo) Printed on acid-free paper

Canadian Cataloguing in Publication DataFrayne, Douglas. Old Babylonian period (2003-1595 BC) (The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Early periods; v. 4) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8020-5873-6 1. Assyria - Kings and rulers. 2. Assyria History - Sources. 3. Cuneiform inscriptions, Sumerian. 4. Cuneiform inscriptions, Akkadian. 5. Sumerian language - Texts. 6. Akkadian language - Texts. I. Title, n. Series. PJ3815.F73 1990 953 C90-094508-7

T h e research and publication of this v o l u m e have b e e n supported by the S o c i a l S c i e n c e s and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the University of Toronto.

Tomy parents, in appreciation of their support and encouragement through the years.

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Contents

Foreword / xi Preface / xiii Editorial Notes / xv Bibliographical Abbreviations / xvii Other Abbreviations / xxvii Object Signatures / xxviii Comparative Chart of the Major Dynasties / xxx

INTRODUCTION / 3 ISIN E4.1 / 5 Isbi-Erra E4.1.1 / 6 -iIu E4.1.2 / 15 Iddin-Dagn E4.1.3 / 22 Ime-Dagn E4.1.4 / 26 Lipit-Etar E4.1.5 / 4 7 Ur-Ninurta E4.1.6/64 Br-Sn E4.1.7 / 69 Lipit-Enlil E4.1.8 / 75 Erra-imitt E4.1.9 / 76 En1i1-bni E4.1.10 / 77 Zambia E4.1.11 / 91 ter-pa E4.1.12 / 93 Ur-dukuga E4.1.13 / 94 Sn-mgir E4.1.14 / 97 Damiq-i1u E4.1.15 / 102 LARSA E4.2 / 107 Nap1num E4.2.1 / 108 lemsium E4.2.2 / 109 Smium E4.2.3 / 110 Zabia E4.2.4 /111 Gungunum E4.2.5 / 114 Ab-sar E4.2.6 / 121 Sm-E1 E4.2.7 / 130 Nr-Adad E4.2.8 / 138 Sn-iddinam E4.2.9 / 157 Sn-irbam E4.2.10 / 188 Sn-iqam E4.2.11 / 190 Silll-Adad E4.2.12 / 199 Warad-Sn E4.2.13 / 202 Kudur-mabuk E4.2.13a / 266 Rm-Sn I E4.2.14 / 270 Rlm-Sn II E4.2.15 / 317 Unidentified Fragments E4 2 0 BABYLON E4.3 / 323 Sm-abum E4.3.1 / 324 Sm-1a-I1 E4.3.2 / 325 Sbium E4.3.3 / 327 ApiI-Sn E4.3.4 / 330 Sn-muba11it E4.3.5 / 331 Hammu-rpi E4.3.6 / 332 Samsu-i1una E4.3.7 / 372 Ab-euh B4.3.8 / 404 Amm-ditna E4.3.9 / 411 Amm-saduqa E4.3.10 / 425 Samsu-ditna E4.3.11 / 436 3Z0

Vlll

Contents

URUK E4A / 439 Sn-kid E4.4.1 / 440 Sn-irbam E4.4.2 / 465 Sn-gmi1 E4.4.3 / 466 I1um-gmiI E4.4.4 / 469 Etia E4.4.5 / 470 Anam E4.4.6 / 471R-ne-ne E4.4.7 / 478

Itr-[

] E4.6.3 / 597

Amer-Nnu E4.6.4 / 598 Tr-Dagn E4.6.5 / 599 Dagn-[...] E4.6.6 / 600 Iaggid-Lm E4.6.7 / 601 Iahdun-Lm E4.6.8 / 602 Sm-Iamam E4.6.9 / 613 am-Adad E4.6.10 / 614 Iasmah-Addu E4.6.11 / 615 Zimr-Lm E4.6.12 / 623 KISURRA E4.7 / 650 Itr-ama E4.7.1 / 651 KI E4.8 / 653 Adni-iarm E4.8.1 / 654 lawi um E4.8.2 / 657 MUTAL E4.9 / 658GA/Bi-Ni/iR-ma-bi-de-e E4.9.1 / 659

Rm-Anum E4.4.8 / 480 Nabi-ilTu E4.4.9 / 483E N U N N A E4.5 / 484

Nr-ahum E4.5.1 / 485 Kirikiri E4.5.2 / 489 Bilalama E4.5.3 / 4 9 1 Iar-rmu E4.5.4 / 500 Usur-awassu E4.5.5 / 501 Azzum E4.5.6 / 505 Ur-Ninmar E4.5.7 / 509 Ur-Ningizida E4.5.8 / 516 Ipiq-Adad I E4.5.9 / 522 Abdi-Erah, iqinum E4.5.9a / 530 arria E4.5.10 / 531 Warassa E4.5.11 / 532 B1akum E4.5.12 / 534 Ib1-p-E11 E4.5.13 / 539 Ipiq-Adad II E4.5.14 / 544 Narm-Sn E4.5.15 / 553 Dannum-thaz E4.5.16 / 557 Ibni-Erra E4.5.17/ 559 Iq-Tipak E4.5.18 / 560 Ddua E4.5.19 / 562Ib1-p-E1 II E4.5.20 / 573

MANAN E4.10 / 660 Halium E4.10.1 / 661 Abdi-Erah E4.10.2 / 662 Manan E4.10.3 / 663 Nqimum E4.10.4 / 664 Ah-maras E4.10.5 / 665 Sm-iamutba1a E4.10.6 / 666 Manium E4.10.7 / 667 MALGIUM E4.11 / 668 Ipiq-Etar E4.11.1 / 669 Takil-ilissu E4.11.2 / 671 DR E4.12 / 675 Nidnua E4.12.1 / 676 I1um/Anum-muttabbi1 E4J2.2 / 677 [...1-ba E4.12.3 / 680 lab-Iahad E4.12.4/68i DINIKTUM E4.13/682 Itr-arrum E4.13.1 / 683 Sn-gmi1 E4.13.2 / 684

Si11-Sn E4.5.21 / 587 1bbi-Sn E4.5.22 / 590 I1uni E4.5.23 / 591 Ahina E4.5.24 / 592 MARI E4.6 / 593 Isi-Dagn E4.6.1 / 594 Ennin-Dagn E4.6.2 / 596

Contents

ix

DIYALA REGIONS E4.14 / 686 Amm-duur E4.14.1 / 687 Sn-abu E4.14.2 / 688 Ikn-p-Sn E4.14.3 / 690 Ibbu-Ma1ik E4.14.4 / 692 Iadkur-I1 E4.14.5 / 693 ADLA E4.15 / 694 Sm-Amnnim E4.15.1 / 695 Sm-Samas E4.15.2 / 697 Sm-numhim E4 15.3 / 698 M-TURRAN E4.16 / 699 Arm-Lm E4.16.1 / 700 BATIR E4.17 / 701 Aiiabum E4.17.1 / 702 LULLUBUM E4.18 / 703 Anubanini E4.18.1 / 704 SIMURRUM E4.19 / 707 Iddi(n)-Sn E4.19.1 / 708 Zabazuna E4.19.2 / 715 HURTUM E4.20 / 717 Phiia E4.20.1 / 718 QABAR E4.21 / 719 Bunu-Etar E4.21.1 / 720 ITABALHUM E4.22 / 721 Pienden E4.22.1 / 722 HANA E4.23 / 723 Iapah-sm-abu E4.23.1 / 724 Isi-sm-abu E4.23.2 / 725 Iadih-abu E4.23.3 / 726 Kati1iau E4.23.4 / 727 unuhr-Ammu E4.23.5 / 728 Amm-madar E4.23.6 / 729 Iar-Lm E4.23.7 / 730 Iggid-Lm E4.23.8 / 731 Isih-Dagn E4.23.9 / 732 Hammu-rpi E4.23.10 / 733

BUZURAN E4.24 / 735 Ia5-Addu E4.24.1 / 736 QATTAR/KARAN E4.25 / 737BI/GA-ID/DA-ha-X E4.25.1 / 738

Samu-Addu E4.25.2 / 739 Hadn-rpi E4.25.3 / 740 Akur-Addu E4.25.4 / 742 Aqba-Hamm E4.25.5 / 744 RAZAM E4.26 / 748 arrum-kma-ka1ima E4.26.1 / 749 EHN E4.27 / 750 Turum-natki E4.27.1 / 751 Haia-abum E4.27.2 / 752 Ti1abn E4.27.3 / 753 Mutia E4.27.4 / 755 Iakn-aar E4.27.5 / 757 ANDARIQ E4.28 / 759 Qarni-Lm E4.28.1 / 760 Atamrum E4.28.2 / 761 Himdia E4.28.3 / 762 Hadn-Addu E4.28.4 / 764 ILNSUR E4.29 / 766 Haia-sm E4.29.1 / 767 ANAKKUM E4.30 / 769 Sammar E4.30.1 / 770 K A 0 A T E4.31 /771 Iamsi-Hadn E4.3L1 / 772 CARCHEMISH E4.32 / 773 Aplahanda E4.32.1 / 774 Iatar-am E4.32.2 / 777 Iahdun-Lm E4.32.3 / 778 IAMHAD E4.33 / 779 Sm-Epuh E4.33.1 / 780 Iarm-Lm I E4.33.2 / 781 Hammu-rpi I E4.33.3 / 783 Abba-I1 E4.33.4 / 785

Contents

Iarm-Llm II E4.33.5 / 788 Niqm -Epuh E4.33.6 / 792 Irkabtum E4.33.7 / 794 Iarlm-Lm III E4.33.8 / 795 Hammu-rpi II E4.33.9 / 797 ALALAH E4.34 / 798 Iarm-Lm E4.34.1 / 799 Amm-taqmma E4.34.2 / 801 Hammu-rpi E4.34.3 / 802 TUBA E4.35 / 803 Sum-rapa E4.35.1 / 804 Ammu-sama E4.35.2 / 805 Irkabtum E4.35.3 / 806 EBLA E4.36 / 807 ndi1imgur E4.36.1 / 808 UNIDENTIFIED CITIES E4.0 / 809 Amm-itamar E4.0.1 / 810

Unknown Ruler E4.0.2 / 811 -Kakka E4.0.3 / 812 Ambuna-ahi E4.0.4 /813 Ab-maras E4.0.5 /814 Ab-nu-x E4.0.6 / 815 Adad-i1uu E4.0.7 / 816 Addu-m1ik E4.0.8 / 817 Adad-qarrd E4.0.9 / 818 Awfl-I1i E4.0.10 / 819 Iakn-Dri E4.0.11 / 820I1in E4.0.12 / 821

Ilum-mutnen E4.0.13 / 822 Mutua E4.0.14 / 823 Nr-Surutar E4 0 15 / 824 P-Etar E4.0.16 / 825 Pulsuna-Addu E4.0.17 / 826 amhum E4.0.18 / 827 aram E4.0.19 / 828 si-nawir E4.0.20 / 829

Index of Museum Numbers / 831 Index of Excavation Numbers / 844 Concordances of Selected Publications / 851 Scores of Inscriptions (microfiches) / 1-606 {the microfiches are in an envelope at the back of the book)

Foreword

The ancient kings of Mesopotamia ruled one of the two great literate civilizations that set the course of the earliest history of the ancient Near East, Their temples and tombs do not waken vivid images in the minds of the modern reader or television viewer, as do those of the other great centre of early Near Eastern civilization, Egypt. But their cities, some with such familiar names as Babylon, Nineveh, and Ur, have been excavated over the past century and a half, according to the standards of the time, and have yielded an abundance of records of the boasted accomplishments of these kings. These are the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, mostly telling of building projects and battles, all done ad maiorem gloriam deorum. The inscriptions, in a cuneiform script, are found on objects of various kinds including tablets, prisms, and vases of clay or steles, doorpost sockets, and sculpted wall panels of stone. Inscribed bricks are very common. A tiny cylinder seal, often known only from its impression on a clay tablet, or an engraved gem may give the name and titles of a king. The languages are Sumerian and Akkadian, the latter usually in its Babylonian dialect but with varying admixtures of the Assyrian dialect in documents from the north, in the region around modern Mosul. The objects on which the inscriptions are found are now for the most part scattered around the world in various museums, although inscriptions cut on the face of rocks or on stone building blocks are often still in situ. The principal museums with collections of these kinds of antiquities are in Baghdad, Istanbul, Berlin (East), Paris, London, Philadelphia, and Chicago. The dispersal of the inscribed objects around the world makes their systematic study difficult, and the difficulty is compounded by the practical inaccessibility of many of the journals and monographs in which studies of the inscriptions have been published over the past century and more. The purpose of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project is to make these texts available to layman and specialist alike by publishing standard editions, with English translations, in a series of volumes. To carry out this purpose an international editorial board has been formed and a staff of researchers and support staff assembled. This process began in the late 1970s with funding from the University of Toronto. In 1981 the Project was awarded full funding by the Negotiated Grants Section of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The unique features of these editions are: 1. Complete corpora of inscriptions are edited, not just selections. 2. Every inscription is collated against the original when humanly possible. 3. In the case of texts conflated from several exemplars, a full transliteration (in the 'score' format) is published on microfiches included with the volume. 4. To ensure accuracy the camera-ready copy is prepared by Project staff. Toronto March 1990 R.F.G. SWEET Editor-in-Chief


Preface

This volume, the result of several years' work, was possible only with the assistance of numerous people, whom I would like to thank here. First and foremost, I must express my deep gratitude to A.K. Grayson, whose vision in conceiving the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project and persistence in bringing it into being made this volume possible in the first place. Professor Grayson, in his preface to RIMA 1, has noted the key figures of the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the University of Toronto who took the concept of the RIM Project and marshalled the necessary resources to make it possible. Two scholars advised me in the early stages of the preparation of the volume, the late E. Sollberger and D. Edzard. Their useful comments with respect to the system of transliteration and format of the volume are gratefully acknowledged. Once a preliminary manuscript was prepared, it was sent to three readers: M. Civil, D. Edzard, and W. Lambert, all of whom made numerous comments which greatly improved the volume. Their time and care in reading the manuscript are greatly appreciated. Collation of the texts in various museums and collections was facilitated by the co-operation of many people: J.A. Brinkman at the Oriental Institute, Chicago, W. Hallo at Yale, A. Sjberg at the University Museum, Philadelphia, C. Walker at the British Museum, R. Moorey at the Ashmolean Museum, B. Andr at the Louvre, L. Jakob-Rost as well as E. Klengel-Brandt and J. Marzahn at the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, V. Donbaz at the Archaeological Museums, Istanbul, and B. Ismail-Khalil as well as F. Rashid and R. Rashid-Jassim at the Iraq Museum, Baghdad. I am particularly indebted to the State Organization of Antiquities and Heritage of the Republic of Iraq and its president M. Damerji for permission to collate texts in the Iraq Museum. I would also like to thank M. Bhmer of the Deutsche Archologisches Institut, Abteilung Baghdad, for permission to examine the records and photographs of the Uruk expedition, B. Hrouda of the Universitt Mnchen for information on findspots and excavation numbers for the Isin expedition, D. Arnaud for information on the inscriptions from the Larsa expedition, R. Whiting for helpful comments about the Esnunna material, and D. Charpin for help with the Mari materials. People who kindly collated texts for me are too numerous to list here; while they are noted under the particular texts in question, their collective help is gratefully acknowledged here. Similarly, people who contributed new texts for this volume are noted under the individual texts. Their contributions have no doubt greatly added to the value of the volume and their assistance is greatly appreciated. I must offer a word of special thanks to the RIM Headquarters staff: K. Glaser, Project Manager; H. Grau, Project Secretary; R. Westerby, Assistant Systems Manager; D. Kriger and D. Gorzo, Editorial Assistants. By their careful entry of the text data and constant checking of the computer files they were able to correct numerous slips in style and consistency, for which I am grateful. R. Westerby also prepared the indexes. G. Frame and R. Sweet made several collations for me and offered many constructive suggestions for various texts. L. Ourom of the University of Toronto Press is to be thanked for her careful reading of the manuscript and her professional advice on the style and format of the volume, which proved to be indispensable. Of course, any errors or omissions in the volume are solely the responsibility of the author. Toronto February 1990

D.R.F.


Editorial Notes

A detailed presentation of the principles, policies, and procedures of the Project will be found in the Editorial Manual (Toronto, 1983). However, the following summary should prove sufficient for the immediate needs of most readers of the present volume. The corpus of inscriptions has been divided into three sub-series: Assyrian Periods, Babylonian Periods, and Early Periods. The following description applies to all three. The purpose of the publication is to present complete groups of texts in reliable editions. It is not intended to provide analytical or synthetic studies, but rather to lay the foundation for such studies. Thus the heart of each volume is the edition of the texts; extensive discussions of the contents of the text are excluded. If such studies are developed by individuals in the course of editing the texts, it is intended that they be published elsewhere. Hand-copies and photographs are not included; if such are thought necessary by an editor, they will be published, at his discretion, outside the main series. To a certain extent the series the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Supplements may be able to accommodate such publications. The term 'exemplar' is used in these editions to refer to a single inscription found on one object. The term 'text' refers to an inscription which existed in antiquity and which may be represented in a number of exemplars which are more or less duplicates. In these editions exemplars of one text are edited together as a 'master text,' with a single transliteration and translation. Variants and other details about the exemplars are provided in the apparatus criticus. Further information about this is given below. When there is difficulty in deciding on the grouping of inscriptions under specific texts, more information is given in the editions. The editorial principle is that, regardless of how inscriptions are arranged and published, the reader must be provided with full information on what each exemplar contains. The Project employs the resources of modern computer technology. A text is entered on the computer at the earliest stage when the preliminary edition is prepared. Thereafter a scries of editing and proofing stages occur until the material is transferred directly onto the photocompositor to produce camera-ready copy for publication. The fact that the material is entered on the computer only once, and is regularly corrected and improved thereafter, drastically reduces the possibility of typographical errors. During the editing process the computer is used for a variety of other purposes, such as preparing concordances of words to assist in the identification of fragments. The system of numbering the texts throughout the series requires some explanation. The first letter stands for the general period: A = Assyrian Periods, B = Babylonian Periods, and E = Early Periods. The number following this stands for the dynasty. In Assyrian Periods this is always 0 (zero) since the question of dynasty number is inapplicable. Details regarding the dynasty numbers for the other two subseries will be found in the relevant volumes. In the third position appears the ruler number; once again, the details for each period will be found in the relevant sub-series. In the fourth position is the text number. Texts are arranged and numbered according to principles stated in each volume. In the fifth position is the exemplar number, where applicable. Thus A.0.77.1.13 is to be interpreted as follows: A = Assyrian Periods; 0 = Dynasty Inapplicable; 77 = Shalmaneser i; 1 = Text 1; 13 = Exemplar 13. Texts which cannot be assigned definitely to a particular ruler are given text numbers beginning at 1001 (thus clearly distinguishing them from identified texts) and placed under a ruler according to the following principles. If at all possible, such a text is placed under the most probable ruler. In cases where a text can only be placed in a general period of several rulers, it is assigned to the ruler who is numerically in the middle. Fragments which cannot be identified at all are placed at the end of the book and given a ruler number of zero. Some private inscriptions which give information relevant for establishing royal names and titles e.g. 'servant seals' are included and have been given numbers beginning at 2001. Each text edition is normally supplied with a brief introduction containing general information. This is

xv

Editorial Notes

followed, if there is more than one exemplar, by a catalogue containing basic information about all exemplars. This includes museum and excavation numbers, provenance, dimensions of the object (in the case of broken objects the symbol + is added), lines preserved, and indication of whether or not the inscription has been collated (c = collated with the original, p = collated with a photo, and n = not collated; a column with this information has cpn at its head). The next section is normally a commentary containing further technical information and notes. The bibliography then follows. Items are arranged chronologically, earliest to latest, with notes in parentheses after each item. These notes indicate the exemplars with which the item is concerned and the nature of the publication, using the following key words: provenance, photo, copy, edition, translation, and study. Some standard reference works are not normally cited, although they are fundamental in the collecting and editing of these texts, viz. the bibliographies by R. Caplice et al., entitled Keilschriftbibliographie and published in Orientalia; the annotated bibliography by Borger, HKL 1-3; the dictionaries AHw and CAD; and the study of epithets by Seux, ERAS. In the editions proper, each page gives all the information the vast majority of readers will need in order to understand the text transliterated on that page. In the left-hand column is the transliteration, in the right-hand column the English translation, and at the bottom of the page an apparatus criticus of the variants found in the different exemplars of the text. The distinction between major and minor textual variants found in RIiMA 1 is not observed in this volume; all variants are simply listed in one apparatus criticus. In the apparatus criticus, the text line numbers are in bold-face, followed after a period by the exemplar number(s) in normal typeface. Complete transliterations of all exemplars in the style of musical scores will be found on microfiches accompanying the volume. There the reader who finds the notes on variants insufficient for his needs may check the full reading of any exemplar. Such scores are not normally given, however, for bricks and seal inscriptions. Lines are numbered in succession, and no indication of reverse or column numbers is normally given except 1) in a summary form in a commentary, 2) if a text is broken, or 3) in the case of multi-column inscriptions, if there are several hundreds of lines. If a text is divided into sections by horizontal lines, such lines are drawn across the transliterations and translations. In the transliterations, lower-case Roman is used for Sumerian and lower-case italics for Akkadian. Logograms appear in small capitals. Italics in the translation indicate either an uncertain translation or a word in the original language. The system of sign values in Borger, Zeichenliste, is followed. Akkadian is usually left in transliteration with logograms uninterpreted. When, however, it is transcribed and logograms are interpreted, the system of AHw is followed. This happens, for example, in restorations. Further technical details about the system of transliteration are given in the Editorial Manual. Toronto March 1990 R.F.G. SWEET Editor-in-Chief

Bibliographical Abbreviations

AAAS AASOR AcOr Adams, Baghdad Adams, Countryside AfK AfO A f O Beih. AION AIPHOS AJ AJSL AMI Amiet, MDP 43 Andrae, AIT Andr-Leicknam Naissance de l'criture A NET 3 AnSt AOAT AoF AOS Arch. ARM ARMT ArOr ARR1M AS ATAT 2 BA Babyloniaea Bagh. Mitt. Balkan, Kassit. Stud. Bardet, et al., ARMT 23 Barton, R1SA BASOR Batto, Women, at Mari BE Beer-Sheva Behrens, Enlil und Ninlil

Les annales archologiques arabes syriennes. Damascus, 1951The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research. New Haven, 1919Acta Orienlalia. Copenhagen, 1922R.McC. Adams, The Land behind Baghdad: A History of Settlement on the Diyala Plains. Chicago and London, 1965 R.McC. Adams, The Uruk Countryside: The Natural Setting of Urban Societies. Chicago and London, 1972 Archiv fr Keilschriftforschung, vols. 1-2. Berlin, 1923-25 Archiv fr Orientforschung vol. 3 - (vol. 1-2 AfK). Berlin, Graz, and Horn, 1926Archiv fr Orientforschung, Beiheft. Berlin, Graz, and Horn, 1933Annali dellTstituto Orientale di Napoli. Naples, 1929Brussels, Universit libre de Belgique, Annuaire de l'Institut de Philologie et d'Histoire Orientales et Slaves. Brussels, 1932The Antiquaries Journal, Being the Journal of the Society of Antiquaries of London. London, I Q"? 1 American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. Chicago, 1884-1941 Archologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, vols. 1-9. Berlin, 1929-38 P. Amiet, Glyptique susienne des origines l'poque de Perses achmnides. Cachets, sceauxcylindres et empreintes antiques dcouverts Suse de 1913 1967, 2 vols. Paris 1972 W. Andrae, Die archaischen Ischtar-Tempel in Assur ( = WVDOG 39). Leipzig, 1922 B. Andr-Leicknam, Naissance de l'criture cuniformes et hiroglyphes, 4e dition. Paris, 1982 J.B. Pritchard (ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, 3rd edition. Princeton, 1969 Anatolian Studies, Journal of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. London, 1951Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Neukirchen-VIuyn, 1968Altorientalische Forschungen. Berlin, 1974American Oriental Studies. New Haven, 1935Archaeologia, vols. 1-100. London, 1888-1966 Archives royales de Mari. Paris, 1946Archives royales de Mari, textes transcrits et traduits. Paris, 1950Archiv Orientalin. Prague, 1930Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project. Toronto, 1983Assyriological Studies. Chicago, 1931 H. Gressmann (ed.), Alt orientalische Texte zum Alten Testament, 2. Auflage. Berlin and Leipzig, 1926 Beitrge der Assyriologic und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft, vols. 1-10. Leipzig, 1890-1927 Babyloniaca, tudes de philologie assyro-babylonienne. Paris, 1907-37 Baghdader Mitteilungen. Berlin, 1960K, Balkan, Kassitenstudien 1. Die Sprache der Kassiten ( = AOS 37). New Baven, 1954 G. Bardet, F. Joanns, B. Lafont, D. Soubetran, and P. Villard, Archives administratives de Mari i. Paris, 1984 G.A. Barton, The Royal Inscriptions of Sumer and Akkad ( = Library of Ancient Semitic Inscriptions 1). New Haven, 1929 Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. New Haven, 1919B.F. Batto, Studies on Women at Mari. Baltimore and London, 1974 Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series A: Cuneiform Texts, vols. 1-14. Philadelphia, 1893-1914 Beer-Sheva. Journal of the Department of Biblical and Oriental Studies. Beer-Sheva, 1985H. Behrens, Enlil und Ninlil: Ein sumerischer Mythos aus Nippur ( = Studia Pohl: Maior 8), Rome, 1978

xviiiBelleten BE Res Bezold, Cat. Bezold, Literatur BibMes BIN BiOr Birot, A R M T 9 Birot, el al., ARMT 16/1 BM Guide BMQ Bhl, Chrestomathy Bhl, Leiden Coll. BOR Borger, BAL 1 Borger, BAL 2 Borger, EAK 1 Borger, HKL Borger, Zeichenliste Bothmer, Ancient Art

Bibliographical AbbreviationsTrk Tarih Kurumu, Belleten. Ankara, 1937 Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series D: Researches and Treatises, vols. 1 , 3 - 5 . Philadelphia, 1904-10 C. Bezold, Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum, 5 vols. London, 1889-99 C. Bezold, Babylonisch-Assyriche Literatur, Leipzig, 1886 Bibliotheca Mesopotamica. Malibu, 1975Babylonian Inscriptions in the Collection of J.B. Nies. New Haven, 1917Bibliotheca Orientalis. Leiden, 1943M. Birot, Textes administratifs de la salle 5 du palais, transcrits, traduits et comments. Paris, 1960 M. Birot, J.-R. Kupper, and O. Rouault, Rpertoire Analytique (2e volume) tomes i-xiv, xvni, et textes divers hors-collection, premire partie: Noms propres. Paris, 1979 British Museum. A Guide to the Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities, 3rd edition. London, 1922 British Museum Quarterly, vols. 1-37. London, 1926-73 F.M.T. Bhl, Akkadian Chrestomathy, vol. 1: Selected Cuneiform Texts. Leiden, 1947 F.M.T. Bhl, Medeelingen uit de Leidische Verzameling van spijkerschrift-Inscripties, 3 vols. Amsterdam, 1933 Babylonian and Oriental Record, vols. 1-9. London, 1886-1909 R. Borger, Babylonisch-Assyrische Lesestcke, 3 vols. Rome, 1963 R. Borger, Babylonisch-Assyrische Lesestcke ( =AnOr 54), 2 vols. Rome, 1979 R. Borger, Einleitung in die assyrischen Knigsinsehriften, Erster Teil: Das zweite Jahrtausend v. Chr. ( = Handbuch der Orientalistik Ergnzungsband v / 1 / 1 ) . Leiden, 1961 R. Borger, Handbuch der Keilschriftliteratur, 3 vols. Berlin, 1967-75 R. Borger, Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenliste, 2. Auflage ( - AOAT 33/33A). NeukirchenVIuyn, 1981 D. von Bothmer, Ancient Art from New York Private Collections. Catalogue of an Exhibition Held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art December 17, 1959 - February 28, 1960. New York, 1961 J. Bottro, Textes administratifs de la salle 110 ( = TCL 28). Paris, 1956 J. Bottro, Textes conomiques et administratifs. Paris, 1957 G. Boyer, Textes juridiques et administratifs ( = TCL 29). Paris, 1957 G. Boyer, Textes juridiques, transcrits, traduits et comments. Paris, 1958 G. Boyer, Contribution l'histoire juridique de la I re dynastie babylonienne. Paris, 1928 Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan, 4 vols. New Haven, New York, 1912-23 B. Buchanan and O.R. Gurney, Catalogue of Ancient Near Eastern Seals in the Ashmolean Museum, vol. i: Cylinder Seals. Oxford, 1966 B. Buchanan and W.W, Hallo, Early Near Eastern Seals in the Yale Babylonian Collection. New Haven and London, 1981 M.L. Burke, Textes administratifs de la salle 111 du palais, transcruits, traduits et comments. Paris, 1963 The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago, 1956G.G. Cameron, History of Early Iran. Chicago, 1936 Chabouillet, Catalogue. 1848 D. Charpin, et al., Archives pistolaires de Mari 1/2 ( = ARM 26). Paris, 1988 D. Charpin, Le clerg d'Ur au sicle d'Hammurabi (xix c -xviii e sicles av. J.-C.) ( = Hautes tudes orientales 22). Geneva and Paris, 1986 Charpin and Durand, Documents Cuniformes de Strasbourg ( - Recherche sur les grandes civilisations, Cahier n 4). Paris, 1981 E. Chiera, Old Babylonian Contracts. Philadelphia, 1922 E. Chiera, Sumerian Religious Texts ( = Crozicr Theological Seminary Babylonian Publications 1). Upland, 1924 A. Clay, Epics, Hymns, Omens and Other Texts. New Haven, 1923 A. Clay, Miscellaneous Inscriptions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. New Haven, 1915 H.F.X. de Clercq and J. Menant, Collection de Clercq, catalogue mthodique et raisonn, antiquits assyriennes, cylindres orientaux, cachets, briques, bronzes, bas-reliefs etc., 2 vols. Paris, 1888/1903 D. Collon, The Seal Impressions from Tell Atchana/Alalakh. Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1975 D. Collon, The Alalakh Cylinder Seals; A New Catalogue of the Actual Seals Excavated by Sir Leonard Woolley at Tell Atchana, and from Neighbouring Sites on the Syrian-Turkish Border ( = British Archaeological Reports, International Series 132). Oxford, 1982

Bottro, ARM 7 Bottro, ARMT 7 Boyer, ARM 8 Boy er, ARMT 8 Boyer, Contribution BRM Buchanan and Gurney, Ashmolean 1 Buchanan and Hallo, Early Near Eastern Seals Burke, ARxMT 11 CAD Cameron, Iran Chabouillet, Catalogue Charpin, Archives pistolaires Charpin, Le clerg d'Ur Charpin and Durand, Documents Strasbourg Chiera, PBS 8/2 Chiera, SRT Clay, BRM 4 Clay, VOS I de Clercq, Collection

Collon, AOAT 27 Collon, The Alalakh Cylinder Seals

xviii Bibliographical AbbreviationsCollon, Cylinder Seals 2 Collon, Cylinder Seals 3 Collon, First Impressions Contenau, Manuel CRAIB Crawford, BIN 9 Cros, Tello CRRA CRRA 15 D. Collon, Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum. Cylinder Seals n: Akkadian, Post Akkadian, Ur HI Periods. London, 1982 D. Collon, Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum. Cylinder Seals HI: Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian Periods. London, 1986 D. Collon, First Impressions: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East. London, 1987 G. Contenau, Manuel d'archologie orientale, 4 vols. Paris, 1927-47 Comptes-rendus des sances de l'acadmie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Paris, 1857V.E. Crawford, Sumerian Economic Texts from the First Dynasty of lsin. New Haven, 1954 G. Cos, Nouvelles fouilles de Tello, Mission franaise de Chalde. Paris, 1910 Compte Rendu de la Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, [various locations], 1950J.-R. Kupper (ed.), La civilisation de Mari [.es Congrs et colloques de l'Universit de Lige 42, -Bibliothque de la Facult de Philosophie et Lettres de l'Universit de Lige 172). Paris, 1967 Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. London, 1896Cullimore, Oriental Cylinders. Impressions of Ancient Oriental Cylinders, or Rolling Seals of the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Medo-Persians. London, 1842-43 S. Dalley, C.F.B. Walker, and J.D. Hawkins, The Old Babylonian Tablets from Tell al Rimah. London, 1976 L. Delaporte, Catalogue des cylindres orientaux et des cachets assyro-babyloniens, perses et syro-cappadociens de la Bibliothque Nationale. Paris, 1910 L. Delaporte, Muse du Louvre. Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres graves de style oriental, tome n: Acquisitions. Paris, 1923 F. Delitzsch, Assyrische Lesestcke mit den Elementen der Grammatik und vollstndigem Glossar ( = Assyriologische Bibliothek 16), 5. Auflage. Leipzig, 1912 P. Delougaz, Pottery from the Diyala Region ( = OIP 63). Chicago, 1952 J. van Dijk, Cuneiform Texts: Old Babylonian Letters and Related Material. Wiesbaden, 1965 J. van Dijk, Cuneiform Texts: Old Babylonian Contracts and Juridical Texts. Wiesbaden, 1967 J. van Dijk, Cuneiform Texts: Old Babylonian Contracts and Related Material. Wiesbaden, 1968 J. van Dijk, Cuneiform Texts: Texts of Varying Content. Leiden, 1976 J. van Dijk, Textes divers. Leiden, 1957 J. van Dijk, Nicht-kanonische Beschwrungen uns sonstige literarische Texte. Berlin, 1971 R.P. Dougherty, Searching for Ancient Remains in Lower Trq. New Haven, 1927 J.-M. Durand, Textes administratifs des salles 134 et 160 du palais de Mari. Paris, 1982 J.-M. Durand, Textes administratifs des salles 134 et 160 du palais de Mari, transcrits, traduits et comments. Paris, 1983 J.-M. Durand, Documents Cuniformes de la iv e Section de l'Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, tome i: Catalogue et copies cuniformes. Paris, 1982 Mlanges syriens offerts M.R. Dussaud par ses amis et lves. Paris, 1939 Halil Edhem Htira Kitabi Gilt 1 ( TTKY 7/5). Ankara, 1947 D.O. Edzard, Die 'Zweite Zwischenzeit; Babyloniens. Wiesbaden, 1957 G. Eisen, Ancient Oriental Cylinder and Other Seals, with a Description of the Collection of Mrs. W.H. Moore ( - O I P 47). Chicago, 1940 R.S. Ellis, Foundation Deposits in Ancient Mesopotamia ( = YNER 2). New Haven and London, 1968 D. Faust, Contracts from Larsa Dated in the Reign of Rim-Sin. New Haven, 1941 S.I. Feigin, Legal and Administrative Texts of the Reign of Samsu-iluna. New Haven and London, 1979 H . H . Figulla, Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, vol. 1. London, 1961 H . H . Figulla, Altbabylonische Vertrge. Leipzig, 1914 H . H . Figulla and Martin, Letters and Documents of the Old Babylonian Period. London, 1953 J . J . Finkelstein, Old Babylonian Legal Documents. London, 1968 M. de Jong Ellis (ed.), Essays on the Ancient Near East in Memory of J . J . Finkelstein. Hamden, 1977 J . J . Finkelstein, Late Old Babylonian Documents and Letters. New Haven and London, 1972 A.N. Zadoks-Josephus Jitta and R. Frankena, Catalogue sommaire des cylindres orientaux au Cabinet Royal des Mdailles la Haye. La Haye, 1952 H. Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient. Harmondsworth, 1954 H. Frankfort, Cylinder Seals: A Documentary Essay on the Art and Religion of the Ancient Near East. London, 1939 R.D. Freedman, The Cuneiform Tablets in St. Louis. Columbia University P h D Dissertation, 1975 C.J. Gadd, The Early Dynasties of Sumer and Akkad. London. 1921

CT Cullimore, Oriental Cylinders Dal ley, OBTR Deaporte, Bibliothque Nationale Delaporte, Louvre 2 Delitzsch, AL 5 Delougaz, Pottery van Dijk, TIM 2 van Dijk, TIM 4 van Dijk, TIM 5 van Dijk, TIM 9 van Dijk, TLB 2 van Dijk, VAS 17 Dougherty, AASOR 7 Durand, ARM 21 Durand, ARMT 21 Durand, Doc. Cun. 1 Dussaud Festschrift Halil Edhem Memorial Volume Edzard, Zwischenzeit Eisen, Moore Ellis, Foundation Deposits Faust, YOS 8 Feigin, YOS 12 Figulla, Cat. Figulla, VAS 13 Figulla and Martin, UET 5 Finkelstein, CT 48 Essays Finkelstein Finkelstein, YOS 13 Frankena, Catalogue sommaire Frankfort. Art and Architecture Frankfort, Cylinder Seals Freedman, St. Louis Gadd, Early Dynasties

xviiiGadd, Reading-book Gadd, UET I Gelb, Hurrians Gelb, Lingua degli Amoriti Gelb, MAD 22 Gelb, MAD 3 de Genouillac, Kich Gibson and Biggs, Seals Gordon, Smith College Grant, Business Doc. Grayson, ARI Grayson, RIMA 1 Greengus, Ishchali Documents Grecngus, OBTI Grgoire, M VN 10 Grice, YOS 5 Groneberg, Rp. Gogr. 3 Hall, Sculpture Hallo, Royal Titles Handcock, Mesopotamian Archaeology Heidelberger Studien Heltzer, Suteans Heuzey, Catalogue Louvre Heuzey, Origines Heuzey, Palais Chalden Hilprecht, Assyriaca

Bibliographical AbbreviationsC.J. Gadd, A Sumerian Reading-book. Oxford, 1924 C.J. Gadd, L. Legrain, and S. Smith, Royal Inscriptions. London, 1928 I.J. Gelb, Hurrians and Subarians ( = Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 22). Chicago, 1944 I.J. Gelb, La Lingua degli Amoriti, Rendiconti dlia Classe di Scienza morali, storiche e filologiche della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 8 / 1 3 / 3 - 4 (1958) pp. 143-64 I.J. Gelb, Old Akkadian Writing and Grammar, 2nd edition. Chicago, 1961 I.J. Gelb, Glossary of Old Akkadian. Chicago, 1957 H. de Genouillac, Premires recherches archologique Kich (Fouilles franaises d'El'Akhymer, mission d'Henri de Genouillac, 1911-12), 2 vols. Paris, 1924/25 M. Gibson and R.D. Biggs, Seals and Sealing in the Ancient Near East ( = BibMes 6). Malibu, 1977 C . H . Gordon, Smith College Tablets, 110 Cuneiform Tablets Selected from the College Collection ( = Smith College Studies in History 38). Northhampton (Mass.), 1952 E. Grant, Babylonian Business Documents of the Classical Period. Philadelphia, 1919 A.K. Grayson, Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, 2 vols. Wiesbaden, 1972/76 A.K. Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC (to 1115 BC). Toronto, 1987 S. Greengus, Studies in Ishchali Documents ( = BibMes 19). Malibu, 1986 S. Greengus, Old Babylonian Tablets from Ishchali and Vicinity ( = Uitgaven van het Nedcrlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul 44). Leiden, 1979 J.-P. Grgoire, Inscriptions et archives administratives cuniformes (I e partie). Rome, 1981 E. Grice, Records from Ur and Larsa Dated in the Larsa Dynasty. New Haven, 1919 B. Groneberg, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der altbabylonischen Zeit. Wiesbaden, 1980 H . R . Hall, Babylonian and Assyrian Sculpture in the British Museum. Paris and Brussels, 1928 W.W. Hallo, Early Mesopotamian Royal Titles, a Philologie and Historical Analysis ( = AOS 43). New Haven, 1957 S.P. Handcock, Mesopotamian Archaeology: An Introduction to the Archaeology of Babylonia and Assyria. London, 1912 Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient, A. Falkenstein zum 17. September 1966. Wiesbaden, 1967 M. Heltzer, The Suteans ( = Istituto Universitario Orientale, Seminario di Studi Asiatici, Series Minor 13). Naples, 1981 L. Heuzey, Catalogue des antiquits chaldennes, sculpture et gravure la pointe. Paris, 1902 L. Heuzey, Les origines orientales de l'art. Paris, 1891-1915 L. Heuzey, Un palais chalden d'aprs les dcouvertes de M. de Sarzec. Paris, 1888 H.V. Hilprecht, Assyriaca: Eine Nachlese auf dem Gebiete der Assyriologie ( = Publications of the University of Pennsylvania, Series in Philology, Literature and Archaeology 3/1). Boston, 1984 H.V. Hilprecht, Old Babylonian Inscriptions Chiefly from Nippur, 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1893/96 H.V. Hilprecht, The Earliest Version of the Babylonian Deluge Story and the Temple Library of Nippur ( = BE Res 5/1). Philadelphia, 1910 H.V. Hilprecht, Explorations in Bible Lands during the 19th Century. Philadelphia, 1903 H. Holma, Zehn Altbabylonische Tontafeln in Helsingfors ( = Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 45/3). Helsingfors, 1914 F. Hommel, Die semitischen Volker und Sprachen. Leipzig, 1883 B. Hrouda (ed.), Isin-In Bahryt i. Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1973-1974 ( = Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften philosophisch-historische Klasse NF 79). Munich, 1977 B. Hrouda (ed.), Isin-In Bahryt ii. Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1975-1978 ( = Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften philosophisch-historische Klasse NF 87). Munich, 1981 B. Hrouda (ed.), Isin-In Bahryt in. Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1983-1984 ( = Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften philosophisch-historische Klasse NF 94). Munich, 1987 B. Hrouda, D.O. Edzard, and L. Trmpelmann, Iranische Felsreliefs C: Sarpol - I Zohb, Die Felsreliefs i-iv. Berlin, 1976 Hebrew Union College Annual. Cincinnati, 1924H . Hunger, Babylonische und assyrische Kolophone AOAT 2). Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1968 J.-L, Huot (ed.), Larsa (8emc et 9 emc campagnes, 1978 et 1981) et 'Oueilli (2eme et 3eme campagnes, 1978 et 1981): Rapport Prliminaire ( = ditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 'Mmoire' n 26). Paris, 1983

Hilprecht, BE 1 Hilprecht, Deluge Story Hilprecht, Explorations Holma, ZATH Hommel, Semiten Hrouda, lsin 1

Hrouda, lsin 2

Hroud

i m 3

Hrouda, Edzard, and Trmpelmann, Iranische Denkmler 2/7 HUCA Hunger, Kolophone Huot, Larsa et 'Oueili 1978-1981

xviii Bibliographical AbbreviationsHuot, Larsa et 'Oueili 1983 ILN Iraq Museum Guide JA Jacobsen, Cylinder Seals Jacobsen, Gimilsin Temple Jacobsen, OIC 13 Jacobsen, SKL JANES J AOS Jastrow, Bildermappe JCS Jensen, KB 3/1 Jensen, KB 6/1 J EOT, JHS JKF JM(E)0S J NES Johns, Ur-Engur Jones and Snyder, Econ. Texts Jordan, Uruk-Warka JRAS JRGS JSOR JSS Krki, KDDU Krki, SAKAZ 1 Krki, SAKAZ 2 Krki, SKFZ KB Keiser, BIN 2 Reiser, BRM 3 al Khalesi, Mari Palace Kienast, Kisurra King, Early History King, First Steps King, History King, LIH J.-L. Huot (ed.), Larsa (10e campagne, 1983) et 'Oueilli (4e campagne, 1983): Rapport Prliminaire ( = ditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 'Mmoire* n 73). Paris, 1987 The Illustrated London News. London, 1842A Guide to the c Iraq Museum Collections. Baghdad, 1942 Journal asiatique. Paris, 1822H . Frankfort and T. Jacobsen, Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region ( = O I P 72). Chicago, 1955 T. Jacobsen, The Gimilsin Temple and the Palace of the Rulers at Tell Asmar ( = O I P 43). Chicago, 1940 T. Jacobsen, H. Frankfort, and C. Preusser, Tell Asmar and Khafaje, the First Season's Work in Eshnunna. Chicago, 1932 T. Jacobsen, The Sumerian King List ( - A S 11). Chicago, 1939 Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University. New York, 1968Journal of the American Oriental Society. New Haven, 1893M. Jastrow, Bildermappe mit 273 Abbildungen samt Erklrungen zur Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens. Giessen, 1912 Journal of Cuneiform Studies. New Haven and Cambridge, Mass., 1947P. Jensen, et al., Historische Texte altbabylonischer Herrscher. Berlin, 1892 P. Jensen, Assyrisch-babylonische Mythen und Epen. Berlin, 1900 Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap 'Ex Oriente Lux'. Leiden, 1933Journal of Hellenic Studies. London, 1880Jahrbuch fr kleinasiatische Forschung, 2 vols. Heidelberg, 1950/53 Journal of the Manchester (Egyptian and) Oriental Society. Manchester Journal of Near Eastern Studies. Chicago, 1942C . H . W . Johns, Ur-Engur: A Bronze of the Fourth Millennium in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan. New York, 1908 T.B. Jones and J. Snyder, Sumerian Economic Texts from the Third Ur Dynasty, a Catalogue and Discussion of Documents from Various Collections. Minneapolis, 1961 J. Jordan, Uruk-Warka nach den Ausgrabungen durch die Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft ( = WVDOG 51). Leipzig, 1928 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1834Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. London, 1830Journal of the Society of Oriental Research, vols. 1-16. Chicago and Toronto, 1917-32 Journal of Semitic Studies. Manchester, 1956I. Krki, Die Knigsinschriften der dritten Dynastie von Ur, ( = S t u d i a Orientalia 58). Helsinki, 1986 I. Krki, Die sumerischen und akkadischen Knigsinschriften der altbabylonischen Zeit, i: lsin, Larsa, Uruk ( = Studia Orientalia 49). Helsinki, 1980 I. Krki, Die sumerischen und akkadischen Knigsinschriften der altbabylonischen Zeit, n: Babylon ( = Studia Orientalia 55/1). Helsinki, 1983 I. Krki, Die sumerischen Knigsinschriften der frhaltbabylonischen Zeit, in Umschrift und bersetzung. Helsinki, 1968 Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, Sammlung von assyrischen und babylonischen Texten in Umschrift und bersetzung, vols. 1-6. Berlin, 1889-1915 C. Keiser and J.B. Nies, Historical Religious and Economic Texts and Antiquities. New Haven, 1920 C. Keiser, Cuneiform Bullae of the Third Millennium B.C. New York, 1914 Y.M. al Khalesi, The Court of the Palms: A Functional Interpretation of the Mari Palace ( BibMes 8). Malibu, 1978 B. Kienast, Die altbabylonischen Briefe und Erkunden aus Kisurra ( = Freiburger Altorientalische Studien 2), 2 vols. Wiesbaden, 1978 L.W. King, A History of Sumer and Akkad: An Account of the Early Races of Babylonia from Prehistoric Times to the Foundation of the Babylonian Monarchy. London, 1910 L.W. King, First Steps in Assyrian: A Book for Beginners. London, 1898 L.W. King, A History of Babylon from the Foundation of the Monarchy to the Persian Conquest. London, 1915 L.W. King, The Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi, King of Babylon, about 2000 B.C. to Which Are Added a Series of Letters of Other Kings of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 3 vols. ( - Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series vols. 2-3 and 8). London, 1898-1900 L. King and H.R. Hall, Egypt and Western Asia in the Light of Recent Discoveries. London, 1907 J. Klein, Three u1gi Hymns: Sumerian Royal Hymns Glorifying King Sulgi of Ur. RamatGan, 1981

King and Hall, EWA Klein, Three uigi Hymns

xviiiKnopf, USCS 2 25. Kongress Kramer, ISET 2 Kramer, ig, and Kizilyay, ISET 1 Kramer Anniversary Kraus, Edikt Kraus, Knig. Verfg. Kraus, Knige

Bibliographical AbbreviationsC.S. Knopf, An Ancient Inscribed Cone of Sin-gashid, King of Erech ( = University of Southern California Studies 2). Los Angeles, 1930 Trudy Dvatcat' pjatogo Mezdunarodnogo Kongressa Vostokovedov, Moskva 9-16 avgusta 1960, 2 vols. ( = 25e Congrs international des Orientalistes, compte rendu). Moscow, 1962 S.N. Kramer, Istanbul Arkeoloji Mzelerinde Bulunan: Sumer Edeb Tablet ve Paralari 2 ( = TTKY 6/13 a ). Ankara, 1976 S.N. Kramer, M. ig, and H. Kizilyay, Istanbul Arkeoloji Mzelerinde Bulunan: Sumer Edeb Tablet ve Paralari 1 ( = TTKY 6/13). Ankara, 1969 B. Eichler (ed.), Kramer Anniversary Volume: Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel Noah Kramer ( = AOAT 25). Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1976 F.R. Kraus, Ein Edikt des Knigs Ammi-saduqa von Babylon ( = Studia et Documenta ad Iura Oricntis Antiqui Pernentia 5). Leiden, 1958 F.R. Kraus, Knigliche Verfgungen in Altbabylonischer Zeit ( Studia et Documenta ad Iura Oricntis Antiqui Pertinentia 11). Leiden, 1984 F.R. Kraus, Knige, die in Zelten wohnten. Betrachtungen ber den Kern der assyrischen Knigsliste ( = Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse, Nieuwe reeks 28/2). Amsterdam, 1965 G. van Driel, Th..LH. Krispijn, M. Stol, and K.R. Veenhof (eds.), Zikir umim. Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. Kraus on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday. Leiden, 1982 J.-R. Kpper, L'iconographie du dieu Amurru dans la glyptique de la i n dynastie babylonienne. Brussels, 1961 J.-R. Kpper, Documents administratifs de la salle 135 du palais de Mari, transcrits et traduits, 2 vols. Paris, 1983 J.-R. Kpper, Les nomades en Msopotamie au temps des rois de Mari. Paris, 1957 R. Kutscher, The Brockmon Tablets of the University of Haifa: Royal Inscriptions ( = Shay Series of the Zinman Institute of Archaeology). Haifa, 1989 A. Deimel, Liste der archaischen Keilschriftzeichen von Fara ( = WVDOG 40). Leipzig, 1922 B. Landsberger, The Date Palm and Its By-products According to the Cuneiform Sources ( = AfO Beih. 17). Graz, 1967 B. Landsberger, Die Serie Ur-e-a = nqu. Rome, 1951 H.G. Gterbock and T. Jacobsen (eds.), Studies in Honor of B. Landsberger on His Seventyfifth Birthday, April 21, 1965 ( = AS 16). Chicago, London, and Toronto, 1965 S. Langdon and L. Watelin, Excavations at Kish, the Hebert Weld and Field Museum of Natural History Expedition to Mesopotamia, 4 vols. Paris, 1924-34 S. Langdon, The H. Weld-Blundell Collection in the Ashmolean Museum, vol. 1: Sumerian and Semitic Religious and Historical Texts. Oxford, 1923 A.H. Layard, Discoveries among the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, with Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert. London, 1853 W.F. Leemans, Ishtar of Lagaba and Her Dress. Leiden, 1952 W.F. Leemans, Legal and Economic Records from the Kingdom of Larsa. Leiden, 1954 L. Legrain, Historical Fragments. Philadelphia, 1922 L. Legrain, The Culture of the Babylonians from Their Seals in the Collections of the Museum. Philadelphia, 1925 L. I.egrain, Royal Inscriptions and Fragments from Nippur and Babylon. Philadelphia, 1926 L. 1 egrain, Seal Cylinders. London and Philadelphia, 1951 F. Lenormant, Choix de textes cuniformes indits ou incompltement publis. Paris, 1873-75 F. Lenormant, tudes accadienncs, 3 vols. ( = Lettres assyriologiques, seconde srie). Paris, 1873 L.D. Levine and T.C. Young, Mountains and Lowlands: Essays in the Archaeology of Greater Mesopotamia ( = BibMes 7). Malibu, 1977 S. Levy and P. Artzi, Sumerian and Akkadian Documents from Public and Private Collections in Israel. Jerusalem, 1965 H. Limet, Les lgendes des sceaux cassites. Brussels, 1971 W.K. Loftus, Travels and Researches in Chaldea and Susiana with an Account of Excavations at Warka, the 'Erech' of Nimroud, Shush, 'Shushian the Palace' of Esther, in 1849-52. New York, 1857 A. de Longprier, Notice des antiquits assyriennes, babyloniennes, perses, hbraques, exposes dans les galeries du Muse du Louvre, 3e dition. Paris, 1854 A. de Longprier, Muse Napolon ni: Choix de monuments antiques pour servir l'histoire de l'art en Orient et en Occident, 4 vols. Paris, 1868-74 D.D. Luckenbill, Inscriptions from Adab ( = OIP 14). Chicago, 1930 Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary. Chicago, 1952Mmoires de l'institut national de France, acadmie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Paris, 1899-

Kraus Festschrift Kupper,. Amurru Kupper, ARMT 22 Kupper, Nomades Kutscher, Brockmon Tablets LAK Landsberger, Date Palm Landsberger, MSL 2 Landsberger Festschrift Langdon, Kish Langdon, OECT 1 Layard, Discoveries Leemans, SLB 1/1 I.eemans, SLB 1/2 Legrain, PBS 13 Legrain, PBS 14 Legrain, PBS 15 Legrain, UE 10 Lenormant, Choix Lenormant, tudes accadiennes Levine and Young, Mountains and Lowlands Levy and Artzi, c Atiqot 4 Limet, Sceaux cassites Loftus, Travels

de Longprier, Notice 3 de Longprier, Muse Napolon in Luckenbill, Adab MAD MAIB

xviii Bibliographical AbbreviationsMAIS MAM MAOG MAOV MARI Matthews, First Dynasty of Babylon McCown, Nippur 1 MCS MDOG M DP Meissner, Warenpreise Mlanges Birot Menant, Catalogue la Haye Mnant, Glyptique Mnant, Inscriptions de Hammourabi Mnant, Manuel Mesopotamia E. Meyer, Sumerier und Semiten G.R. Meyer, Altorientalische Denkmler de Meyer (ed.), Teil ed-Dr 3 van de Mieroop, BIN 10 MJ Moorey, Kish Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria. Rome, 1965Mission Archologique de Mari. Paris, 1956Mitteilungen der Altorientalischen Gesellschaft. Leipzig, 1925-43 Mitteilungen des Akademisch-Orientalistischen Vereins zu Berlin. Berlin, 1887Mari, Annales de Recherches Interdisciplinaires. Paris, 1982L.P. Matthews, The First Dynasty of Babylon: History and Texts. Birmingham University PhD Dissertation, 1970 D.E. McCown, R.C. Haines, and D. Hansen, Nippur i: Temple of Enlil, Scribal Quarter, and Soundings ( = OIP 78). Chicago, 1967 Manchester Cuneiform Studies, vols. 1-9. Manchester, 1951-64 Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Berlin, 1898Mmoires de la Dlgation en Perse. Paris, 1900B. Meissner, Warenpreise in Babylonien ( = Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse 1936/1). Berlin, 1936 J.-M. Durand and J.-R. Kupper (eds.). Miscellanea babyloniaca. Melanges offerts Maurice Birot. Paris, 1985 J. Mnant, Catalogue des cylindres orientaux du Cabinet Royal des Mdailles de la Haye. La Haye, 1878 M.J. Menant, Les pierres graves de la Haute-Asie, recherches sur la glyptique orientale, 2 vols. Paris, 1883/86 J. Mnant, Inscriptions de Hammourabi, roi e Babylone (xvf sicle avant J.-C.). Paris, 1863 J. Mnant, Manuel de la langue assyrienne. Paris, 1880 Meopotamia: Rivista di Archeoiigia. Turin, 1966E. Meyer, Sumerier und Semiten in Babylonien. Berlin, 1906 G.R. Meyer, Altorientalische Denkmler im Vorderasiatischen Museum zu Berlin. Leipzig, 1965 L. de Meyer (ed.), Teil ed-Dr: Soundings at Ab Habbah (Sippar). Louvain, 1980 M. van de Mieroop, Sumerian Administrative Documents from the Reigns of Isbi-Erra and -i1iu. New Haven and London, 1987 Museum Journal of the University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, vols. 1-24, Philadelphia, 1910-35 P.R.S. Moorey, Kish Excavations 1923-33 with a Microfiche Catalogue of the Objects in Oxford Excavated by the Oxford-Field Museum, Chicago Expedition to Kish in Iraq. Oxford, 1978 P.R.S. Moorey, E.C. Bunker, E. Porada, and G. Markoe, Ancient Bronzes, Ceramics, and Seals. Los Angeles, 1981 A. Moortgat, Vorderasiatische Rollsiegel: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Steinschneidekunst. Berlin, 1940 J. de Morgan, Mission scientifique en Perse 4/1. Paris, 1896 Monuments et mmoires publis par l'acadmie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Paris Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Rome, 1937O.W. Muscarella (ed.), Ladders to Heaven: Art Treasures from Lands of the Bible. Toronto, 1981 Le Muson, revue d'tudes orientales. Louvain, 1888Materiali per il vocabolario neosumerico. Rome, 1974Nouvelles assyriologiques brves et utilitaires. Paris, 1987Y. Nakahara, The Sumerian Tablets in the Imperial University of Kyoto ( = Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo-Bunko 3). Tokyo, 1928 K. Oberhuber, Sumerische und akkadische Keilschriftdenkmler des Archologischen Museums zu Florenz, 2 vols ( = Innsbrucker Beitrge zur Kulturwissenschaft 7-8). Innsbruck, 1958/60 W. Meid and H. Trenkwalder (eds.), Im Bannkreis des Alten Orients: Studien zur Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte des Alten Orients und seines Ausstrahlungsraumes. Karl Oberhuber zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet ( = Innsbrucker Beitrge zur Kulturwissenschaft 24). Innsbruck, 1986 Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts. Oxford, London, and Paris, 1923Oriental Institute Communications. Chicago, 1922Oriental Institute Publications. Chicago, 1924Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. Berlin and Leipzig, 1898Aus fnf Jahrtausenden morgenlndischer Kultur, Festschift M. von Oppenheim zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet von Freunden und Mitarbeitern ( = AfO Beih. 1). Berlin, 1933 J. Oppert, Expdition scientifique en Msopotamie ... Tome 1: Relation du voyage et rsultats de l'expdition, Paris, 1863

Moorey, et al., Ancient Bronzes Moortgat, VAR de Morgan, MSP 4/1 MP MSL Muscarella (ed.), Ladders to Heaven Muson MVN NABU Nakahara, Sumerian Tablets Kyoto Oberhuber, Florenz Oberhuber Festschrift

OECT OIC OIP OLZ M. von Oppenheim Festschrift Oppert, EM 1

xviiiOrAnt Orthmann (ed.), Der alte Orient van der Osten, Brett van der Osten, Newell Owen, M VN 3 Parrot, Documents Parrot, Glyptique msopotamienne PBS Perrot and Chipiez, Chalde et Assyrie Peters, Nippur

Bibliographical AbbreviationsOricns Antiquus, Rivista del Centro per le Antichit e la Storia dell'Arte del Vicino Oriente. Rome, 1962W. Orthmann (ed.), Der alte Orient ( = Propylen Kunstgeschichte vol. 14). Berlin, 1975 H. van der Osten, Ancient Oriental Seals in the Collection of Mrs. A. Baldwin Brett ( = O I P 37). Chicago, 1936 H, van der Osten, Ancient Oriental Seals in the Collection of Mr. Edward Newell ( = OIP 22). Chicago, 1934 D. Owen, The John Frederick Lewis Collection. Rome, 1975 A. Parrot, Le palais, documents et monuments ( = MAM 2/3). Paris, 1959 A. Parrot, Glyptique msopotamienne: Fouilles de Lagash (Tello) et de Larsa (Senkereh) (1931-1933). Paris, 1954 Publications of the Babylonian Section, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 15 vols. Philadelphia, 1911-26 G. Perrot and C. Chipiez, Histoire de l'art dans l'antiquit, tome 2: Chalde et Assyrie. Paris, 1884 J . P . Peters, Nippur, or Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates. The Narrative of the University of Pennsylvania Expedition to Babylonia in the Years 1888-1890, 2 vols. New York and London, 1897 T.G. Pinches, Old-Babylonian Business Documents. London, 1964 T.G. Pinches, The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia. London, 1902 A. Poebel, Das appositionell bestimmte Pronomen der 1. Pers. Sing, in den westsemitischen Inschriften und im Alten Testament. Chicago, 1932 A. Poebel, Grundzge der sumerischen Grammatik ( = Rostocker orientalistische Studien 1). Rostock, 1923 A. Poebel, Historical Texts. Philadelphia, 1914 A. Poebel, Historical and Grammatical Texts. Philadelphia, 1914 E. Porada, Corpus of Ancient Near Eastern Seals in North American Collections, 1: The Collection of the Pierpont Morgan Library ( = Bollingen Series 14). Washington, 1948 D.T. Potts (ed.), Dilmun: New Studies in the Archaeology and Early History of Bahrain ( ^Berliner Beitrge zum Vorderen Orient 2), Berlin, 1983 I.M. Price, Some Literary Remains of Rim-Sin (Arioch), King of Larsa, about 2285 B.C. ( = Decennial Publications vol. 5 pp. 167-91). Chicago, 1904 J.B. Pritchard, The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament, 2nd edition. Princeton, 1969 Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vols. 1-40. London, 1878-1918 H.C. Rawlinson and E. Norris, The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, vol. 1: A Selection from the Historical Inscriptions of Chaldaea, Assyria, and Babylonia. London, 1861 H.C. Rawlinson and T.G. Pinches, The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, vol. 4: A Selection from the Miscellaneous Inscriptions of Assyria, 2nd edition. London, 1891 Revue d'assyriologie et d'archologie orientale. Paris, 1886H. Radau, Early Babylonian History down to the End of the Fourth Dynasty of Ur. New York and London, 1900 H. Ranke, Babylonian Legal and Business Documents from the Time of the First Dynasty of Babylon, Chiefly from Sippar. Philadelphia, 1906 Thureau-Dangin, Recherches sur l'origine de l'criture cuniformes, l rc partie: Les formes archaques et leurs quivalents modernes. Paris, 1898 W. Rllig (ed.), Beihefte zum Tbinger Atlas des vorderen Orients, Reihe B, Nr. 7: Rpertoire gographique des texts cuniformes. Wiesbaden, 1974Revue Hittite et Asianique. Paris, 1930Revue de l'histoire des religions. Annales du Muse Guimet. Paris, 1880The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Early Periods Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Berlin, 1932Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, vols. 1-15. Berlin. 1924-32 W . H . P h . Rmer, Sumerische Knigshymnen der Isin-Zeit. Leiden, 1965 O. Rouault, Terqa Final Reports No. 1: L'Archive de Puzurum ( = BibMes 16). Malibu, 1984 O. Rouault, Terqa Preliminary Reports No. 7: Les Documents pigraphiques de la troisime saison ( = Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 2/7). Malibu, 1979 Records of the Past, Being English Translations of the Ancient Monuments of Egypt and Western Asia, New Series, 6 vols. London, 1888Records of the Past, Being English Translations of the Assyrian and Egyptian Monuments, Old Series, 12 vols. London, 1873-81 Rivista degli studi oriental!. Rome, 1907-

Pinches, CT 45 Pinches, Old Testament Poebel, AS 3 Poebel, Grammatik Poebel, PBS 4/1 Poebel, PBS 5 Porada, Corpus Ports (ed.), Dilmun Price, Rim-Sin Pritchard, ANEP 2 PSBA 1R 4 R2 RA Radau, EBH Ranke, BE 6/1 REC Rp. Gogr. RHA RHR RIMA RIME RLA RLV Rmer, Knigshymnen Rouault, TFR 1 Rouault, TPR 7 RPNS

RP os RSO

xviii Bibliographical AbbreviationsRT Sachs Memorial Receuil de travaux relatifs la philologie et l'archologie gyptiennes et assyriennes, vols. 1-40. Paris, 1870-1923 E. Leichty, M . deJ. Ellis, and P . Gerardi (eds.), A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs ( - Occasional Publications of the Samuel N o a h Kramer Fund 9). Philadelphia, 1988 A. Salonen, Die Hausgerte der alten Mesopotamier nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen, Teil Ii: Gefsse. Helsinki, 1966 E. de Sarzec, Dcouvertes en Chalde par Ernest de Sarzec, ouvrage acompagn de planches, publi par les soins de Lon Heuzey, avec le concours de A r t h ur Amiaud et Franois ThureauDangin pour la partie pigraphique, 2 vols. Paris, 1884/1912 V. Scheil, Textes lamites-smitiques, I e srie. Paris, 1900 V. Scheil, Textes lamites-smitiques, 5e srie. Paris, 1913 V. Scheil, Une saison de fouilles Sippar ( - Mmoires publis par les membres de l'Institut Franais d'Archologie Orientale du Caire 1/1). Cairo, 1902 M. Schorr, Urkunden des altbabylonischen Zivil- und Prozessrechts ( = VAB 5). Leipzig, 1913 A. Schott, Nebst den inschriftlichen Quellen zur Geschichte Eannas ( = UVB 1). Berlin, 1930 O. Schroeder, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur historischen Inhalts, Zweites Heft ( = WV'DOG 37). Leipzig, 1922 O. Schroeder, Altbabylonische Briefe. Leipzig, 1917 J.-M. Seux, pithtes royales akkadiennes et sumriennes. Paris, 1967 V.K. Shileiko, Votivnie nadpisi sumerijskich pravitelej. Petrograd, 1915 R.M. Sigrist, Les sattukku dans PEumea durant la priode d'lsin et Larsa ( - B i b M e s 11). Malibu, 1984 S.D. Simmons, Early Old Babylonian Documents. New Haven and London , 1978 Studia ad tabulas cuneiformes collectas a F . M . T h . d Liagre Bhl pertincntia. Leiden, 1952D. Snell, The E . A . H o f f m a n Collection and other American Collections. Rome, 1979 W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handwrterbuch, 3 vols. Wiesbaden, 1965-81 E. Sollberger, Royal Inscriptions P a r t 2. L o n d o n, 1965 E. Sollberger and J . R . Kpper, Inscriptions royales sumriennes et akkadiennes. Paris, 1971 Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse. Berlin, 1922-38, 1948-49 L. Speleers, Recueil des inscriptions de l'Asie antrieure des Muses Royaux du Cinquantenaire Bruxelles. Textes sumeriens, babyloniens et assyriens. Brussels, 1925 F.J, Stephens, Votive and Historical Texts f r om Babylonia and Assyria. New Haven, 1937 M. Stol, Letters f r o m Yale ( = Altbabylonische Briefe in Umschrift und bersetzung 9). Leiden, 1981 E. Strommenger and M. Hirmer, Fnf Jahrtausende Mesopotamien: Die Kunst von den Anfngen um 5000 v. C h r. bis zu Alexander dem Grossen. Munich, 1962 Studi orientalistici in onore di Giorgio Levi dlia Vida. Rome, 1956 A. Parrott (ed.), Studia Mariana ( = Documenta et M o n u m e n t a Orientalis Antiqui 4). Leiden, 1950 H. Goedicke (ed.), Near Eastern Studies in H o n o r of W . F . Albright. Baltimore and L o n d o n , 1971 E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiques de la Ve dynastie de Babylone conserves au Muse d'Art et d'Histoire de Genve, 2 parts ( = Publications de l'Institut de Droit Romain de l'Universit de Paris 16). Paris, 1958 E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiques et administratives de la in c dynastie d'Ur et de la l r e dynastie de Babylone conserves au Muse de l'Universit de Manchester et, Cambridge, au Muse Fitzwilliam, l'Institut d'tudis Orientales et l'Institut d'gyptologie, 2 parts ( = Publications de l'Institut de Droit Romain de l'Universit de Paris 21). Paris, 1963 P. Talon, Textes administratifs des salles 'Y et Z' du palais de Mari. Paris, 1985 Textes cuniformes du Muse du Louvre, Dpartement des Antiquits Orientales. Paris, 1910B. Teissier, Ancient Near Eastern Cylinder Seals from the Marcopoli Collection. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and L o n d o n , 1984 F. Thureau-Dangin, Les inscriptions de Sumer et d ' A k k a d , transcription et traduction. Paris, 1905 F. Thureau-Dangin, Die sumerischen und akkadischen Knigsinscriften (-- VAB 1). Leipzig, 1907 F. Thureau-Dangin, Lettres et contrats de l'poque de la premire dynastie babylonienne. Paris, 1910 Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology. London , 1872-93 Trk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlanndan. A n k a r a O. Kaiser (ed.), Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments. Gtersloh, 1982University of California Publications in Semitic Philology, vols. 1-24. Berkeley, 1907-63

Salonen, Hausgerte 2 de Sarzec, Dcouvertes

Scheil, M D P 2 Scheil, M D P 14 Scheil, Sippar Schorr, U r k u n d en Schott, E a n n a Schroeder, K A H 2 Schroeder, VAS 16 Seux, ERAS Shileiko, VN Sigrist, Sattukku Simmons, YOS 14 SLB Snell, MVN 9 von Soden, A H w Sollberger, U E T 8 Sollberger and Kupper, IRSA SPAW Speleers, Recueil Stephens, YOS 9 Stol, AbB 9 Strommenger and Hirmer, Mesopotamien Studi Levi dlia Vida Studia Mariana Studies Albright Szlechter, Geneva

Szlechter, Manchester

Talon, A R M T 24 TCL Teissier, Marcopoli Thureau-Dangin, ISA Thureau-Dangin, SAK Thureau-Dangin, TCL 1 TSBA TTKY TUAT UCP

xviiiUE UET UF linger, Babylon Unger, Katalog 3 linger, Siegelbildforschung

Bibliographical AbbreviationsUr Excavations. Oxford, London, and Philadelphia, 1926Ur Excavations, Texts. London, 1928Ugarit-Forschungen, Internationales Jahrbuch fr die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palstinas. Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1969E. Unger, Babylon, die heilige Stadt nach der Beschreibung der Babylonicr. Berlin and Leipzig, 1931 E. Unger, Kaiserlich Osmanische Museen, Katalog der babylonischen und assyrischen Sammlung 3: Gerte. Constantinople, 1918 E. Unger, Der Beginn der altmesopotainischen Siegelbildforschung: Eine Leistung der sterreichischen Orientalistik ( = Sitzungsberichte der sterreichenische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse 250/2). Vienna, 1966 E. Unger, Sumerische und akkadische Kunst. Breslau, 1926 A. Ungnad and J. Kohler, Hammurabi's Gesetz, 6 vols. Leipzig, 1909-23 A, Ungnad, Altbabylonische Privaturkunden, part 3. Leipzig, 1909 Vorlufiger Bericht ber die von (dem Deutschen Archologischen Institut und der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft aus Mitteln) der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unternommenen Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka. Berlin, 1930Vorderasiatische Bibliothek. Leipzig, 1907-16 D. Van Buren, Foundation Figurines and Offerings. Berlin, 1931 Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmler der Kniglichen Museen zu Berlin. Leipzig and Berlin, 1907C. Virolleaud, La lgende phnicienne de Danel ( = Mission Ras-Shamra 1). Paris, 1936 C.B.F. Walker, Cuneiform Brick Inscriptions in the British Museum, the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, the City of Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, the City of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery. London, 1981 M. Walker, The Tigris Frontier from Sargon to Hammurabi: A Philologie and Historical Synthesis. Yale University P h D Dissertation, 1985 S.D. Walters, Water for Larsa: An Old Babylonian Archive Dealing with Irrigation ( = YNER 4). New Haven and London, 1970 W . H . Ward, Cylinders and Other Ancient Oriental Seals in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan. New Haven, 1920 W.H. Ward, The Seal Cylinders of Western Asia. Washington, 1910 L. Waterman, Business Documents of the Hammurapi Period from the British Museum. London, 1916 F.H. Weissbach, Babylonische Miscellen ( WVDOG 4). Leipzig, 1903 E. Williams-Forte, Ancient Near Eastern Seals: A Selection of Stamp and Cylinder Seals from the Collection of Mrs. William H. Moore. New York, 1976 IL Winckler, Altorientalische Forschungen, 3 vols. Leipzig, 1893-1905 H. Winckler, et al., Historische Texte altbabylonischer Herrscher. Berlin, 1892 H. Winckler, Untersuchungen zur altorientalischen Geschichte. Leipzig, 1889 H. Winckler and E. Bhden, Altbabylonische Keilschrifttexte zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Leipzig, 1892 D.J. Wiseman, The Alalakh Tablets. London, 1953 D.J. Wiseman, Illustrations from Biblical Archaeology. London, 1958 M. Witzel, Perlen sumerischer Poesie 3: Die Grosse Ischmedagan-Liturgie ( = Keilinschriftliche Studien 7). Jerusalem, 1930 Die Welt des Orients. Wuppertal, Stuttgart, and Gttingen, 1947C.L. Woolley, Alalakh: An Account of the Excavations at Tell Atchana in the Hatay, 1937-1949 ( = Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 18). London, 1955 C.L. Woolley, The Ziggurat and Its Surroundings. London and Philadelphia, 1939 C.L. Woolley, The Buildings of the Third Dynasty. London and Philadelphia, 1974 C.L. Woolley, The Kassite Period and the Period of the Assyrian Kings. London, 1965 L.W. Woolley and M. Mallowan, The Old Babylonian Period. London and Philadelphia, 1976 Wissenschaftliche Verffentlichungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Leipzig and Berlin, 1901Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich Schiller Universitt Jena. Jena, 1951Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes. Vienna, 1887Yale Near Eastern Researches. New Haven and London, 1967Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian Texts. New Haven, 1915G.W. Young (ed.), Mari at 50. Winona Lake, 1988 Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete. Berlin, 1886Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft. Leipzig and Wiesbaden, 1879-

Unger, SuAK Ungnad, H G Ungnad, VAS 9 UVB

VAB Van Buren, Found. VAS Virolleaud, Danel Walker, CBI

M. Walker, The Tigris Frontier Walters, Water Ward, Morgan Ward, Seals Waterman, Bus. Doc. Weissbach, Miscellen Willams-Forte, Ancient Near Eastern Seals Winckler, AOF Winckler, KB 3/1 Winckler, Untersuchungen Winckler and Bhden, ABK Wiseman, Alalakh Wiseman, Illustrations Witzel, KSt 7 WO Woolley, Alalakh

Woolley, UE Woolley, UE Woolley, UE Woolley and WVDOG

5 6 8 Mallowan, UE 7

WZJ WZKM YNER YOS Young (ed.), Mari at 50 ZA ZDMG

Other Abbreviations

c c, cm col(s). dia. DN dupl. ed(s). ex{s). fig. frgm(s). masc. MB MN n n(n). NB no(s). NS OB obv. os p p(p). pl(s). PN rev. RN var(s). vol(s).

collated circa centimetre(s) column(s) diameter divine name duplicate edilor(s) exemplar(s) figure(s) fragment(s) masculine Middle Babylonian month name not collated note(s) Neo-Babylonian number(s) New Series Old Babylonian obverse Old Series collated from photo page(s) plate(s) personal name reverse royal name variant(s) volume(s)

+ (+)

1) Between object numbers indicates physical join 2) After dimensions indicates part of object missing Indicates fragments from same object but no physical join

Object Signatures

When the same signature is used for more than one group, the first group in this list is meant unless otherwise indicated. For example, 'A* always means the Chicago collection unless stated otherwise.

A

Ac AH AO As Ash Bab BCM BE BM Bu CBS EAH E FLP FM FMNH HMR HS IA I AC IB IES IM K Kh Ki L

LB LBAF M MAH ME MFAB MLC MM MMA MN(B) MWA

1) Asiatic collection of the Oriental Institute, Chicago 2) Mari collection of the Muse du Louvre, Paris 3) Wellcome collection Acem hyk Abu Habba collection of the British Museum, London Collection of Antiquits Orientales of the Muse du Louvre, Paris Excavation numbers of the Chicago excavations at Tell Asmar, Iraq Collection of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Excavation numbers of the German excavations at Babylon Birmingham City Museum 1) Signature of objects in the Babylon collection of the Vorderasiatische Museum, Berlin 2) Prefix of excavation numbers from the German excavations at Babylon British Museum, London Budge collection in the British Museum, London Babylonian Section of the University Museum, Philadelphia E.A. H o f f m a n collection of the General Theological Seminary, New York Eski ark Eserleri Mzesi of the Arkeoloji Miizeleri, Istanbul John Frederick Lewis collection of the Free Library of Philadelphia Fitzwiliiam Museum Signature of objects in the collections of the Field Museum for Natural History, Chicago Excavation numbers of the Oxford-Field Museum expedition to Ki Hilprecht collection of Babylonian Antiquities of Fr. Schiller University, Jena Australian Institute of Archaeology, Melbourne Claremont College, California Excavation numbers of the Munich expedition to Isin-In Bahryt Institute of Egyptian Studies, Cambridge Iraq Museum, Baghdad Kuyunjik collection of the British Museum, London Prefix of field numbers from the American excavation at Khafajah L.W. King collection of the British Museum, London 1) Signature of objects in the collection of the University Museum, Philadelphia 2) Prefix of excavation numbers of the American excavations at Tell Leilan, Syria 3) Larsa excavations Tablets in the Liagre Bohl collection Lands of the Bible Archaeology Foundation 1) Signature of objects in the Mari collection of the Muse du Louvre, Paris 2) Prefix of excavation numbers from the French excavations at Mari, Syria Muse d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva Prefix of excavation numbers from the French excavations at Mari, Syria Museum of Fine Arts, Boston J. Pierpont Morgan collection of the Yale University Library, New Haven 1) Signature of objects in the collection of the Museo Monserrat 2) Medelhavsmuseet, Stockholm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Muses Nationaux of the Muse du Louvre, Paris Mission Museum of Wert, West Germany

Object SignaturesN N m N-T NBC NCBS Ol O-M P PS RFH ROM S Sb S-G SH TR U UCLMA UIOM UM UMM VA VA Bab VAT W WAG YBC 1) Nippur collection of the University Museum, Philadelphia 2) Nab Temple collection of the British Museum, London Muse Napoleon ra of the Muse du Louvre, Paris Excavation numbers of inscribed objects from the American excavations at Nippur James B. Nies collection of the Yale University Library, New Haven James B. Nies collection of the Yale University Library, New Haven Oriental Institute, Chicago University of Illinois, Urbana Photo numbers of the Oriental Institute in Chicago Piepkorn collection R.F. Harper collection Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto Mari collection of the Muse du Louvre, Paris Susa collection of the Muse du Louvre, Paris Collection of F, Seidl-Geuthner, Paris Prefix of excavation numbers from the Danish excavation at Tell amrah Prefix of excavation numbers from the British excavations at Tell al Rimah, Iraq Prefix of excavation numbers from the British-American excavations at Ur, Iraq Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley University of Illinois Oriental Museum, Urbana University Museum, Philadelphia University Museum, Manchester Vorderasiatische Museum, Berlin Babylon collection of the Vorderasiatische Museum, Berlin Tablets in the collection of the Vorderasiatische Museum, Berlin Excavation numbers of the German excavations at Uruk/Warka Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore Babylonian collection of the Yale University Library, New Haven

xxix

Comparative Chart of the Major DynastiesISIN IBI-ERRA* (2073) Nur-ahum* Iemsium (2060) Kirikiri* Bilalama* 0-ILU* (2040) Smium (2032) IDDIN-DAGN* (2030) Iar-ramu* Usur-awas.su* IME-DAGN* (2009) Zabia* (1997) 1 II'I I ESTAI** (1990) UR-NINURTA* (1979) GUNGUNUM* (1988) Ur-Ninmar* Azzum* LARSA URUK ENUNNA

Ab-sar* (1961)

Ur-Ningizida*

BR-SN* (1951)

SM-EL* (1950)

(Ikn-p-Etar*) (A1i1a-hadm)

Ipiq-Adad i* arria* Warassa* B1akum* Ib1-p-E11* Ipiq-Adad n*

LIP1T-ENLIL (1929) ERRA-IMITT* (1929) ENUL-BNI* (1916)

(Sm-kanasa) NR-ADAD* (1921)

ZAMBIA* (1892) ITER-PA (1889) UR-DUKUGA* (1886) SN-MGIR* (1883) DAMIQ-ILU* (1872)

SIN-1DD1NAM* (1905) SN-IRlBAM* (1898) SN-IQAM* (1896) $ILL-ADAD* (1891) WARAD-SN* (1890) RIM-SN i* (1878)

Sn-kid*

Sn-irbam Sn-gmiI* I1um-gmi1* Etia Anam*

Naram-Sn* Ibni-Erra Iq-Tipak* Dannum-tahaz* 1)adua* Ib1-p-E1 il* (1789) (Elamite interregnum) Si1I-Sn*

R-ne-ne* (1871) (1859)(1850)

(1819)

Rm-Sn il* Rm-Anum* Nabi-i1u*

11uni*

Ahuina

Comparative Chart of the Major Dynasties

xxxi

BABYLON

MARI

MANAN

MARAD/ KAZALLU

OTHERIddi(n)-Sn* (Simurrum)

Zabazuna* (Simurrum)

Hum Anum-muttabbil* (Der)

(destruction of Nippur and Lnunna)

Halium Sm-abum* (1950) Abdi-Erah* (1950) Manan Ibni-adm Sm-ditn Iamsi-E1 A1um-pP Sm-numhim

Itr-ama* (Kisurra) Iawi-um* (Ki)

amhum* (Diyala)

Sm-1a-I1* (1936) Nqimum AhT-maras Sm-iamutba1a* Manium* Sbium (1900)

Itr-iarrum* (Diniktum)

Apil-Sn (1886)

Sn-muba11it (1868) Iahdun-Lim* Sum-Iamam HAMMU-RFI* (1848) am5-Adad lasmah-Addu* IAMHAD Bunu-Etar* (Qabara) larm-Lm i* ZimrT-LTm* (1831) Hammu-rpi i* SAMSU-ILUNA* (1805-1768) ANA Abba-I1* Iapah-sm-abu Isi-sm-abu Iadih-abu Kati1iau* AbT-euh* (1767-1740) unuhr-Ammu A c c e s s i o n y e a r s a r e listed a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l o n g c h r o n o l o g y ( A m m - s a d u q a 1 = 1702 B C ) f a v o u r e d b y P . H u b e r , Astronomical D a t i n g o f B a b y l o n i a n d U r in p . 4 2 . R u l e r s w h o s e i n s c r i p t i o n s a p p e a r in t h e p r e s e n t v o l u m e a r e i n d i c a t e d b y a n a s t e r i s k . R u l e r s w h o w e r e r e c o g n i z e d at N i p p u r a p p e a r in c a p i t a l l e t t e r s . R u l e r s w h o s e d y n a s t i c a f f i l i a t i o n s a r e o b s c u r e a p p e a r in p a r e n t h e s e s . Sn-gmi1* (Diniktum) lasfib-1ahad (Dr)


OLD BABYLONIAN PERIOD(2003-1595 BC)


INTRODUCTION

The time period covered by the inscriptions edited in this volume extends from the accession of Isbi-Erra, first king of the First Dynasty of Isin, to the death of Samsu-ditna, last king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, in all a period of about 422 years. At the beginning of this period lsin (E4.1) controlled a major part of the domains which had once been part of the Ur HI empire including the dynastic capital Isin, the religious capital Nippur, and the former Ur m capital, Ur, Inscriptions of the first four Isin rulers are known from those cities. However, by the time of year 10 of Gungunum of Larsa, Larsa (E4.2) had gained control over the old capital Ur, in whose hands it was to remain until the fall of the Larsa dynasty. Because of the extensive excavations carried out by Sir Leonard Woolley at Ur, wc find at Ur, beginning with Gungunum, an ever increasing number of royal inscriptions of the Larsa kings. These reach a climax with the reigns of Warad-STn and Rm-Sn I. Because Larsa itself has been much less extensively examined, the number of inscriptions of the Larsa kings from that site is at present rather meagre. Inscriptions of the Isin kings continue in comparatively small numbers during this period down to the reign of Damiq-ilu, the last king of the dynasty, mainly from the cities of Isin and Nippur. Probably some time during the reign of Nr-Adad of Larsa, an Amorite leader Sn-kid installed himself as ruler at Uruk and established a short-lived dynasty. This lasted until year 20 of Rm-Sn i when the city was defeated by Larsa. The inscriptions of Sn-kid and his successors are edited in section E4.4. Meanwhile, in the north, another independent Amorite dynasty was established at Babylon. Its earliest rulers, known from king lists and date lists, are otherwise attested only from seal impressions of servants of the king. However, beginning with its sixth ruler Hammu-rpi, we have genuine royal inscriptions inscribed on bricks, cones, and steles. Royal inscriptions of Hammu-rpi's son, Samsu-iluna, are also fairly numerous, but few inscriptions are attested for the last four kings of the dynasty. The inscriptions of the Babylon dynasty are edited in section E4.3. At Enunna a long series of governors of the city is attested, mainly from brick inscriptions. They span the time period from Isbi-Erra down to the reign of Hammu-rpi of Babylon, who defeated the city. The Enunna inscriptions are edited in section E4.5. At Mari a series of military governors is attested from the time of Isbi-Erra on, these known for the most part from seal impressions. Unfortunately, a complete roster of these governors is not at present known. An independent dynasty of rulers styling themselves 'king' (arrum) emerges with the accession of Iahdun-Lm. This dynasty in turn was deposed by amI-Adad, who installed his son Iasmah-Addu as ruler in Mari. The line of Iahdun-LTm was restored when his son, Zimr-Lm, deposed Iasmah-Addu and ruled in Mari for about 15 years. The dynasty was brought to an end by Hammu-rpi of Babylon. The Mari inscriptions are edited in section E4.6. In addition to these six major dynasties, a number of small states with independent rulers are known for the Isin-Larsa/OId Babylonian period. Their inscriptions are edited in sections E4.7-36. These are edited in roughly geographical order from south-east to north-west in this volume. A number of rulers attested from servant seals who are otherwise unattested have texts in section E4.0. Within a given dynasty the texts are edited in chronological order by ruler as best can be determined by king lists and other historical documents. For each ruler an attempt has been made to arrange the texts in chronological order within the reign. Such a scheme has been determined to a large degree by correlations with year names of the king. During the period treated in this volume, a system of dating was used by which each year was given a name. For many rulers the order of these year names is known. Many of the events commemorated in the year names also figure in the royal inscriptions. In addition, several of the events described in year names figure in temporal clauses which appear in the royal inscriptions. The 3

4

INTRODUCTION

chronological arrangement of the texts allows one in many cases to see the development of the titulary of the king. This in turn often helps to place inscriptions in their correct chronological setting even if the inscription does not correlate to a year name. A chronological arrangement also permits the grouping of texts dealing with one event which are inscribed on different objects. In this respect this volume differs from the previous bibliography of Hallo and the edition of Krki which grouped the texts typologically. The usefulness of this approach is best illustrated by an example. The name of year 10 of Warad-Sn deals with the construction of the wall of Ur. This event is described in a brick inscription of 22 lines (E4.2.13.18), on foundation tablets of 27 lines (E4.2.13.19), on a cone inscription of 56 lines (E4.2.13.20), and on a barrel inscription of 116 lines (E4.2.13.21). The phraseology of the four texts is very similar each succeeding version is slightly different and gives more detail. The grouping of the four texts together allows for easy comparison, while a typological arrangement separates the texts. For any one given inscription the exemplars are listed, as a general rule, according to the excavation number of the piece if this is known. This means that in many cases the master text which serves as a basis for the transliteration is not the first text listed in the catalogue. For cone inscriptions the catalogue indicates if these are inscribed on the head or shaft. Although the head and shaft may be preserved in one object, these are given separate exemplar numbers for ease of citation. For cone shafts the dimensions refer to the length of the piece; for cone heads the dimensions refer to the diameter. Concerning the transliteration of texts the following may be noted. An attempt has been made to differentiate between the signs R and IRN (IRXKUR) in servant seals, but because in many cases the seal was not available for collation or the sign was too small for the inscribed KUR to be seen, there is some uncertainty in this respect. Similarly, an attempt has been made to distinguish between uri5 (SES.AB) and ri (E.UNUG), but in many cases uncertainty remains. The logogram for the moon god is rendered dEN.zu in this volume. The logogram for the wind god DIKUR is always rendered Adad in Akkadian and Addu in Amorite names. Concerning the bibliographies it may be noted that in a number of cases we were not able to locate copies of some old volumes which were referred to by other sources. In these cases the particular bibliographical reference is cited without a description of what it contained since we were not able to consult it. With respect to the numbering of the texts we note that the main series refers to royal inscriptions of the kings, the 1000 series to royal inscriptions the attribution of which is not entirely certain, and the 2000 series to servant seals and votive inscriptions. If a seal or a votive inscription belongs to the king or any member of his family, it is treated in the main series.

ISINE4.1

After assuming independence from the Ur in king Ibbi-Sn under the energetic governor Isbi-Erra, Isin remained an independent city-state for about 225 years until its defeat at the hands of Rm-Sn of Larsa. Originally controlling most of the cities of the Sumerian south such as Uruk and Ur, as well as territory as far north as Apiak, Isin's domains greatly diminished during this period. This was due to the rise of small independent states such as Uruk and Kisurra, as well as the expansionist policies of its arch-rival Larsa. After the reign of LipitEstar almost all our inscriptions dealing with the Isin kings come from either Isin or Nippur. Fifteen kings are known for this dynasty, and most have left us royal inscriptions.

5

Isbi-ErraE4.1.1

According to the Sumerian King List, Isbi-Erra had a relatively long reign of 33 years. However, surprisingly few royal inscriptions are extant for this king.

1Apart from seal impressions of servants of the king, only one royal inscription is known for Isbi-Erra. This is a text dealing with the construction of a great lyre for the god Enlil known from a contemporary copy on a tablet.

COMMENTARYThe text is IM 58336, excavation number 3 N - T 2 0 , from Nippur, TB iv 2b. locus unknown. It appears in OI phot o no. 3/101 and P 4 7 1 4 9 / 5 0 . The text is inscribed o n a clay tablet 9 . 2 x 5.5 cm and was collated from the excavation photo. A certain c o n f u s i on has existed in the literature about this inscription. Its existence was first signalled by T. Jacobsen in JCS 7 (1953) p. 44 (where the king's title is incorrectly given as lugal-kalam-ma-na). The Jacobsen piece was referred to by W. Hallo, Royal Titles p. 19. A p h o t o of the tablet entered the Oriental Institute archives as no. 3/101, and a transliteration of this photo entered I. Gelb's files. This transliteration is referred to by Hallo, Royal Titles p. 19 n. 6. Hallo thought that the transliteration in Gelb's files was a separate text from that referred to by Jacobsen, but a comparison of Gelb's transliteration and photos P 4 7 1 4 9 / 5 0 indicates that it is the same text. Although Hallo thought the tablet to be a late copy of an Isbi-Erra text, the provenance and palaeography of the tablet indicate that it is a contemporary copy.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1953 1957 1961 1968 Jacobsen, JCS 7 p. 44 (study) Hallo, Royal Titles pp. 19-20 and n. 6 (study) Hallo, BiOr 18 p. 5 Isbi-Irra 2 (study) Krki, SKFZ p. 1 Isbierra 2 (study) 1980 Krki , SAKAZ 1 p. 2 Isbierra 2 (study) 1982 Frayn e, AfO Beih. 19 p. 27 and nn. 34-35 (study) 1987 Civil, NABU pp. 14-15 no. 28 (copy, edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)d

en-lil lugal-kur-kur-ra lugal-a-ni-ir i-bi-r-r[\ lugal-kala-ga 6

1-3) For the god Enlil, lord of the foreign lands, his lord, 4-6) Ibi-Err[a], mighty king, lord of land,

Isbi-Erra E4.1.1.1 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) lugal- rma"i -da- < na > - ke4 balag- r mah 1 tu-x-da mu-na-an-dim nam-ti-1a-[ni-] a mu-na-ru balag-ba i-bi-r-ra d en-lil-da r n iri-g1 mu-bi-Hmi

7

7-9) fashioned a great lyre for him, which heart. 10-11) He dedicated it [for his own] life.

the

12-15) The name of this lyre is 'Isbi-Erra trusts in the god Enlir.

2001A rather large corpus of administrative texts from ancient Isin dating to the time of Isbi-Erra and -i1u have been studied by V. Crawford and M. van de Mieroop. On these tablets are seal impressions of various officials. These are edited in order according to the date of the tablet on which they appear. Ur-Subula, possibly the -tam official of the same name, appears in a seal impression dating to year B. Year B dates to the very early period of Isbi-Erra's reign (see M. van de Mieroop, BIN 10 p. 2). Isbi-Erra's name is written here without the prefixed DINGIR sign.

COMMENTARYThe seal impression is found o n Y B C 9759, from Isin. It measures 0 . 9 x 2 . 1 cm and was collated.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1954 Crawford, BIN 9 pi. xcm P (copy) 1961 Hallo, BiOr 18 p. 5 Ibi-Irra 1: vi (study) 1968 Krki, SKFZ p. 1 Ibierra 1 (edition) 1980 Krki, SAKAZ 1 p. 1 Ibierra I (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) ur-di ui-bu- 1 la i dumu-a-[...]-/ r-i-bi-r-ra 1) Ur-Subula, 2) son of a[...]a, 3) servant of Isbi-Erra.

2002A tablet dating to year x + 5 of Isbi-Erra has the seal impression in Akkadian of a servant of Isbi-Erra.

8

Ibi-Erra E4.1.1.2005COMMENTARY

Several impressions o f this seal 8437. They were all collated to transliteration. The reading given copy of Crawford in B IN 9.

are found on N B C produce a conflated here differs from the The seal impression

measures 1 . 9 x 2 . 2 cm. Lu-Ninsubur often occurs in the BI N 9 texts receiving bags for drinking purposes so the occupation 'brewer* (L.KA) found in line 6 is not unexpected.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1954 Crawford, BIN 9 pl. xcm F (copy) 1961 Hallo, BiOr 18 p. 5 Isbi-Irra 1: iv (study) 1968 Krki, SKFZ p. 1 Ibierra 1 (edition) 1980 Krki, SAKAZ 1 p. 2 Ibierra 1 (edition)

TEXT 1) 2) 3)4) 5)

i-bi-r-ra da-nm be-al ma-ti-uL-DNIN-UBUR DUMU U R - D [ . . , ]

1) Isbi-Erra, 2) the mighty,3) l o r d o f his l a n d , 4) L u - N i n s u b u r , 5) s o n o f U r - [ . . . ] ,

6)7)

L.KA [x]R.ZU

6) the brewer [...], 7) your servant.

2003A group of tablets purchased by the Ashmolean Field Museum Kish expedition belong to the same group as the BIN 9 tablets. One dating to year x + 7 has the seal of a cupbearer. Unfortunately, his name is not complete.

COMMENTARYThe seal impression is o n A s h 1932,259.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1987 van de Mieroop, BIN 10 pi.LXXIV

seal j (copy)

TEXT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)d

i-bi-r-ra lugal-kala-ga lugal-ma-da-na ki-g-den-11 dni[n]-in-si-[na] en-r lP-[x] -um(1)-i-bi-r-ra sagi irii-zu

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Isbi-Erra, mighty king, lord of his land, beloved of the god Enlil and the goddess Ni[n]isi[na], Enlil-[.. .]um-Ibi-Erra, cupbearer, your servant.

9 Ibi-Erra E4.1.1.2005

2004An impression of a servant