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Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass as a model and Kentucky bluegrass as a model Orchardgrass Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass as a model and Kentucky bluegrass as a model [email protected] [email protected]

Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

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Page 1: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Oregon State University Seed LaboratoryOregon State University Seed Laboratory

Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using OrchardgrassOrchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass as a modeland Kentucky bluegrass as a modelOrchardgrassOrchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass as a modeland Kentucky bluegrass as a model

[email protected] [email protected]

Page 2: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

G l f t tiGoals of presentation:• Importance and history of UBP

• Problems encountered with previous system p y

• Critical elements of new system

• AOSA acceptance of new system

• Use and maintenance of new system

Page 3: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

ImportanceImportance

• Rapid purity method for estimating the percentage of inert matter for certain grass species.

• Uniformity is attained through the elimination of l j d t i l if i fl t i t dpersonal judgment in classifying florets into pure seed

and inert components, and in reducing the variability of replicates for the germination test. p g

• Theoretically, results within and among laboratories y gwill be standardized if blowers are properly calibrated.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 4: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

HistoryHistory

1961 UBP officially adopted for use on Kentucky• 1961 - UBP officially adopted for use on Kentucky bluegrass.

• 1976 – UBP added for orchardgrass, Pensacola bahiagrass, rough and Canada bluegrass.

• 1982 - UBP added for blue grama and side-oats grama.

• 2003 – UBP added for weeping alkaligrass added.

• 2006 – New blower calibration method accepted.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 5: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

StandardStandard Calibration

l fsamples of Orchardgrassg

Page 6: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

General Blower

Page 7: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Purity SeparationPurity Separation• Use the uniform blowing point established during the

calibration to set the blower air gate openingcalibration to set the blower air gate opening.

• Pure seed (heavy fraction) is separated from the inert matterPure seed (heavy fraction) is separated from the inert matter (light fraction) by air flowing through the blower tube.

Purity working sampleAfter UBP, pure seed (heavy

Purity working sample of orchardgrass.

fraction) on left and inert matter (light fraction) on right.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 8: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Problem !!!• The existing system did not provide

checks and controls to verify uniformitychecks and controls to verify uniformity across labs or within labs.

• Some laboratories were using new• Some laboratories were using new calibration samples, while others were 20 ld20+ years old.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 9: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Calibration Samples do Deteriorate

• Seeds decay over time.

• Frequency of use contribute to physicalFrequency of use contribute to physical changes of the florets.

• Physical changes, or loosing critical samplePhysical changes, or loosing critical sample components can have significant effects.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 10: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Problem!!!All previous factors can cause:

Variation in physical properties of seeds (terminal p y p p (velocity)

Variation among calibration samples is expected and has been detected.

Deviations among test results.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 11: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Assessment of KBG cal samplesAssessment of KBG cal. samples. • 12 Kentucky bluegrass calibration samples obtained from

various labs in the USA Test replicated in three generalvarious labs in the USA. Test replicated in three general blowers.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 12: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Assessment of OG cal. samples.Assessment of OG cal. samples. 12 orchardgrass calibration samples obtained from different labs within the USA. Test replicated in three general p gblowers.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 13: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

C l i b t Old S tConclusions about Old System

• There was variation among calibration samples being used by laboratoriesg y

Th h d h k d l• The system had no checks and controls to assure uniformity across labs and through time.

Th t d t i th t• There was an urgent need to improve the system.

Page 14: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Proposed Solution !!!!Proposed Solution !!!!• Establish and maintain a set of Uniform Calibration Samples

“Master Calibration Samples (MCS)”Master Calibration Samples (MCS) .

• All laboratories would be required to use the “MCS” to find qthe correct setting in their blowers.

• Once a blower calibration is established the equivalent air• Once a blower calibration is established, the equivalent air velocity (EAV) would be measured.

• The blower would be set to the EAV for each standard blowing procedure.

• AOSA-USDA would maintain the MCS.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 15: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

General Blower

Page 16: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

R i t f th N S tRequirement of the New System

• Each laboratory need toEach laboratory need to purchase an anemometer to measure air velocity to monitor blower calibration.

• Cost of recommended anemometer is ca. $ 160.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 17: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Anemometer indicating air

l it fvelocity of2.3 m/s in General blowerGeneral blower

Page 18: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Each Blower needs to be calibrated

Ai V l it P fil f l G l Bl t th OSU S dl bAir Velocity Profile of several General Blowers at the OSU Seedlab

Air opening in blowerBlower ID

4 5 7Air opening in blower 4 5 7Equivalent air velocity (EAV) in m/s

10.0 2.1 1.5 1.510.5 2.2 1.7 1.711.0 2.4 1.8 1.811.5 2.5 2.0 2.012.0 2.6 2.1 2.212.5 2.8 2.3 2.3.5 2.8 2.3 2.313.0 2.9 2.4 2.513.5 3.1 2.6 2.714.0 3.2 2.7 2.914.5 3.4 2.9 3.115 0 3 5 3 1 3 315.0 3.5 3.1 3.315.5 3.7 3.2 3.516.0 3.8 3.4 3.7

Page 19: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Validation of New System

Page 20: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Validation Across Blowers Using 10 Orchardgrass Samples

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 21: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Separation of light-weight inert in 3 blind Orchardgrass samples when labs used their own calibration samples

( referee across 8 laboratories, 10 blowers)

0 300.350.40

(g)

0.200.250.30

rt bl

own

0 050.100.15

Ligh

t ine

r

0.000.05

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

L

Laboratories

Low inert matter Medium inert matter High inert matterg

Page 22: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Separation of ligh-weight inert in 3 blind Orchardgrass samples when labs used uniform (master) calibration samples

( f 8 l b t i 10 bl )(referee across 8 laboratories, 10 blowers)

0.35

0.40

0.25

0.30

low

n (g

)

0.15

0.20

t ine

rt b

l

0.05

0.10

Ligh

t

0.001 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

LaboratoriesLaboratories

Low inert matter Medium inert matter High inert matter

Page 23: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Comparison of blowing 3 OG samples in 10 laboratories based on air velocity when blowers calibrated with own lab's calibration

samples and master calibration samples0 4

0.3

0.4

wn

(g)

0.2

ert b

lo

0

0.1

ght i

ne

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Laboratories

Li

LaboratoriesLow Inert - Lab Own Cal Medium Inert - Lab Own CalHigh Inert - Lab Own Cal Low Inert - Master CalMed Inert - Master Cal High Inert - Master Cal

Page 24: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass
Page 25: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Validation of uniformity across blowers

• Uniform separation of pure seed and inert matter of 5 Kentucky bluegrass samples with different levels of inert matter content g pacross 7 blowers using the air velocity calibration method.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 26: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

separation of light weight inert in 3 Kentucky bluegrass samplesseparation of light-weight inert in 3 Kentucky bluegrass samples when labs used their own calibration samples

(referee across 8 laboratories, 10 blowers)(referee across 8 laboratories, 10 blowers)

0.06)

0.04

0.05

blow

n (g

)

0 01

0.02

0.03

ht in

ert b

0

0.01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Lig

Laboratories

Low inert matter Medium inert matter High inert matter

Page 27: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Acceptance by AOSAAcceptance by AOSA

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 28: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Handbook 24THE UNIFORM BLOWING PROCEDURE

Handbook 24

Contribution No. 24To The Handbook On Seed Testing

Provides detailed instructions on blowers, calibration samples, calibration procedures

d th UBPPublished by the

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL SEED ANALYSTS

and the UBP.

1962Revised

1978Revised 1983Revised 2004Revised 2006

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 29: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Bl C lib tiBlower Calibration

The rule only applies to the General BlowerGeneral Blower.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 30: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Blower CalibrationBlower Calibration

StorageMaster Calibration

Pre-conditioningCalibration

Sample

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 31: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Blower Calibrationo e Ca b at o

Light fraction

Heavy fraction

Set gate opening Entire sample in blower cup

Blow sample exactly 3 min.

Count the displaced seeddisplaced seed

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 32: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Blower Calibration ReviewBlower Calibration Review

Blower Setting Trial number Light florets in Heavy florets in Blower Setting Trial number gheavy fraction

ylight fraction

12 001 11 32 13 512.00 2 13 53 15 3

Average 13 4

12.101 7 82 7 53 6 3

Average 7 5

12 201 4 132 112.20 2 5 153 1 9

Average 3 12g

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 33: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Blower CalibrationHow to Measure Air Velocity

• Establish optimum blowing point based on the “Master” pcalibration sample.

S t i t i t th• Set air gate opening at the optimum blowing point.

• Remove the blower cup and center the anemometer fan over the opening at the baseover the opening at the base of the blower.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 34: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Blower CalibrationHow to Measure Air Velocity

T t t t• Turn anemometer on; set to measure meters/second.

• Turn blower on and run for 30 – 60 seconds.

• When digital read-out stabilizes record reading.

• This air velocity is the “equivalent air velocity value.”

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 35: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Blower CalibrationBlower CalibrationHow to Measure Air Velocity

When the UBP is used on the purity workingon the purity working sample the gate opening is adjusted to match the equivalentmatch the equivalent air velocity value established during the calibration for the kindcalibration for the kind of seed being tested.

This setting will beThis setting will be blower specific!

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 36: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Species Without a Master pCalibration Sample

• Determine the optimum calibration point for Kentucky bluegrass as previous described.g p

• The blower gate opening value for this point shall be multiplied by the appropriate factor for the kind ofmultiplied by the appropriate factor for the kind of seed being tested.

• Adjust blower gate opening to the new value.

M th i l t i l it l f th• Measure the equivalent air velocity value for the adjusted gate opening.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 37: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Advantages of Using Master Calibration SamplesMaster Calibration Samples

Th F d l L b d i i t th MCS l t• The �Federal Lab administers the MCS on loan to any AOSA-SCST Lab. This lab tracks the uniformity constantly.

• Member Labs don’t need to purchase a calibration sample any moreany more.

• The system increases repeatability among laboratories that• The system increases repeatability among laboratories that use the Master Calibration Samples.

• It presents a model that can be used in other species.

D. Meyer CDFA/PPDC 2006

Page 38: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Advantages of using Equivalent Air Velocity

The EAV is the causal factor of the desired seed separation.

Once identified, the EAV is a fixed point in each individual blower

Th EAV h l ith h f l t b j iThe EAV changes only with change of glass tube or major repair.

The use of EAV reduces the repeated use and deterioration ofThe use of EAV reduces the repeated use and deterioration of MCS !

Creates simplicity for daily monitoring of UBP!

Page 39: Oregon State University Seed Laboratory - ISTA Online · Oregon State University Seed Laboratory Innovations in Uniform Blowing Procedure using Orchardgrass and Kentucky bluegrass

Acknowledgements:Acknowledgements:Oregon Seed Council and Oregon Department of Agriculture

for their financial support

Northwest seed testing laboratories, AOSA and SCST for their suggestions and participationsuggestions and participation

Laboratories that participated in refereed research p p

OSU Seed Laboratory staff for their constant research effort.