Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) Kalina Cycles … supports modeling of: LTP_Lib Basic Tutorial October 2012 Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) Kalina Cycles (ammonia-water mixtures) Supercritical-CO2

LTP_Lib supports modeling of:

October 2012LTP_Lib Basic Tutorial

LTP_Lib supports modeling of:

� Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC)

� Kalina Cycles (ammonia-water mixtures)

� Supercritical-CO2 Cycles

1Enginomix, LLC © 2012

� Create a new project file: use the command File / New / Project, or press “new


� Create a new project file: use the command File / New / Project, or press “new

project” button in toolbar

� Select and drag components to add to diagram: O_Sink & O_Source

� O_Source: ORC stream source (start of ORC stream)

� O_Sink: ORC stream sink (end of ORC stream)

� Rotate sink icon (default name O_Sink001). Use the menu command Object /

Rotate (or press Ctrl-R)

� Connect the outlet port (from the source icon) with the inlet port (from the sink

icon) by clicking on each port with your mouse (an open connector represents an

outlet port, a closed connector represents an inlet port). This automatically

creates an ORC stream object, with the default name O_Stream001. To make a

bend in the stream as you are connecting the two ports, just click with the mouse

on the diagram.

� You can rename the streams or icons at any time (just open the Edit dialog for

them and change the Name shown).


� Open the data entry for the ORC stream by double-clicking on it the stream with


� Open the data entry for the ORC stream by double-clicking on it the stream with

your mouse (or right-click and choose Edit).

� On the O_Stream dialog, choose the “New >” command button to create a

Composition object, which is used to define your ORC fluid. Name that

composition object “workingFluid”.

� Choose the “Edit >>” command button to edit the workingFluid Composition

object.


� Select the desired ORC working fluid from the pull-down list labeled


� Select the desired ORC working fluid from the pull-down list labeled

FluidName.

� Press the OK button (twice) to close the O_Composition and O_Stream edit

dialogs.


� Now, open the O_Source edit dialog (double-click on the source icon).


� Now, open the O_Source edit dialog (double-click on the source icon).

� Choose the set radio button for the three variables: mass, p and t. This tells

IPSEpro you want them to be user-input values. Enter these values:

� mass = 1 kg/s

� p = 25 bar

� t = 150 C

� Press the OK button to close the O_Source edit dialog.


� Choose the Objects / Add Reference Cross menu command, and select to display a


� Choose the Objects / Add Reference Cross menu command, and select to display a

reference cross for O_Stream. This puts a reference cross on the diagram, to show

you what the four values on the result cross represent (the four values that are

displayed in a cross attached to each stream). After adding the reference cross, you

need to click somewhere else on the diagram (to de-select the reference cross),

then click on the reference cross to select it. This will adjust the size of the icon to

match the fonts used so you can read the values.

� Choose the menu command View / Object Names if you want to check or display

object names on the diagram.


� Run the calculations. You can do this three ways:


� Run the calculations. You can do this three ways:

� Choose the Calculation / Run menu command

� Press the Run button on the toolbar (looks like a square root of f)

� Press <F5> key

� Before saving, import estimates (Calculation / Import Estimates), so that the

estimates are the same as the current values.

� Finally, save the project using the command File / Save (or Save As).


� Next, let’s create a model of a basic ORC cycle, with a boiler, turbine, condenser


� Next, let’s create a model of a basic ORC cycle, with a boiler, turbine, condenser

and pump.


� Create new project file: File / New / Project menu command, or press “new


� Create new project file: File / New / Project menu command, or press “new

project” button in toolbar

� Select and drag components to add to diagram:

� O_Boiler: simple ORC boiler (heat addition)

� O_Connector: needed for simple closed-loop cycle models

� O_Turbine: expander icon, to generate power by expanding ORC stream

� O_Condenser: water-cooled condenser for ORC vapor

� W_Source: H2O source icon for cooling water to condenser

� W_Sink: H2O sink icon for cooling water from condenser

� O_Pump: ORC pump icon

� generator: generator icon. Make sure you select the generator icon and

not EPP_Generator (if EPP_Generator is in the library you are using).

The EPP_Generator icon uses a different shaft connection (EPP_Shaft)

and so cannot be connected to the O_Turbine icon.


� Draw connections between the icons to create streams (O_Stream and


� Draw connections between the icons to create streams (O_Stream and

W_Stream) and shafts.

� Choose the Objects / Add Reference Cross menu command, and select to

display a reference cross for O_Stream.

� Choose the menu command View / Object Names to check the object names on

the diagram, as shown above.


� Try running model (Calculation / Run command or Run button on toolbar).


� Try running model (Calculation / Run command or Run button on toolbar).

You will get message that you are missing a Composition object. Composition

object is needed to define ORC fluid type you want to use in your ORC streams.

� Open an ORC stream edit dialog (if it’s not already open), and select the New >

command button to create a composition object – call this object

“workingFluid”.

� Choose the Edit >> command button to edit the composition object and select

the ORC fluid type (such as “Pentane”).


� Select all ORC streams in project with mouse.


� Select all ORC streams in project with mouse.

� Choose command Objects / Set References, and select Composition, then

“workingFluid” to assign that object to all of the ORC streams.

� Load defaults: Objects: Load Default Values

� Create ORC composition object and select working fluid

� “Set” cycle inputs as needed, refer to Protocol file to check for number of inputs

needed

� When converged: import estimates, save project, make copy (Save As)


� Now, you need to enter values for the model. First, load defaults for all of the


� Now, you need to enter values for the model. First, load defaults for all of the

icons and streams using the command Objects / Load Default Values (make

sure you select the option “for all objects” if that radio button is not greyed out).

� “Set” inputs for the cycle as desired. Check the Protocol file to see how many

inputs are required (number of unknown variables – number of equations).

� One possible set of inputs would be:

� Inlet ORC stream to turbine: p=20 bar, t=160 C

� ORC turbine: eta_s=0.9

� Exit ORC stream from turbine: p=1 bar

� Inlet source for cooling water: p=1 bar, t=15 C

� Exit sink for cooling water: p=25C (10 C temperature rise for cooling

water through condenser)

� Generator: power=10000 kW (10 MW)


� When the calculations converge, import estimates (Calculation / Import


� When the calculations converge, import estimates (Calculation / Import

Estimates) and save the project file (File / Save).

� Other things to try:

� Create new datasets, change working fluids (only need to change

workingFluid value once in composition object)

� When changing working fluids, you will likely need to adjust cycle

temperatures and pressures

� Check project Demo_ORC_basic.pro (included with library installation) for a

similar, completed example project.


� Next, let’s modify the previous example project, replacing the water condenser


� Next, let’s modify the previous example project, replacing the water condenser

with an air-cooled condenser.

� First, open the project built during the previous example, and make a copy of it

(by using the command File / Save As).

� Start by deleting the H2O streams, the H2O sink and source, and the condenser

icon (O_Condenser), and add new icons:

� ACC (O_Condenser_a)

� Ambient sink and source (G_Ambient_Source, G_Ambient_Sink)

� Ambient data icon (EPP_Monitor_Ambient)

� Connect gas streams between the ambient sink and source and the ACC icon as

shown in the sample diagram.

� Create two global objects:

� ambient global object: create the object and set references in the ambient

data icon and the ambient sink and source

� G_Stream gas composition object: create the object and set the references

in the two gas streams

� Load default values for the project, using the menu command Objects / Load

Default Values

� “Set” ambient conditions in the ambient data object (e.g., p, t, phi), and set

dt_out in ACC (or equivalent variable, to size ACC)

� Run the project. When it converges, import estimates and save the project file

� Check project Demo_ORC_ACC.pro (included with library installation) for a

similar, completed example project.


� Next, let’s modify the previous example project, replacing the ORC boiler with a


� Next, let’s modify the previous example project, replacing the ORC boiler with a

heat exchanger, with heat transferred from hot water.

� First, open the project built during the previous example, and make a copy of it

(by using the command File / Save As).

� Delete the boiler icon (O_Boiler), and add new icons:

� Water-ORC heat exchanger (W_O_Htex)

� H2O sink and source (W_Source, W_Sink)

� W_Xprescription icons in water streams (optional, to display or set

quality)

� Load defaults for new streams and icons, using command Objects / Load

Default Values

� “Set” inlet water conditions and Htex variables:

� Inlet water: p=20 bar, t=170 C

� Outlet water: t=120 C

� W_O_Htex type=counter-current

� Run the project. When it converges, import estimates and save the project file

� Check the project Demo_ORC_W_htx_ACC.pro (included with library

installation) for a similar, completed example project.

� Other things to try:

� Create new datasets, change working fluids (only need to change workingFluid

value once in composition object)

� When changing working fluids, you will likely need to adjust cycle temperatures

and pressures


Documents

Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) Kalina Cycles … supports modeling of: LTP_Lib Basic Tutorial October 2012 Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) Kalina Cycles (ammonia-water mixtures) Supercritical-CO2