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Occupational Health &Safety System

ISO-18000

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Why the need for OHSAS?

Response to urgent customer demand for a recognizableoccupational health and safety management system standard

To address changing legislation and protect their workforce Need for health and safety management system that could be

audited and certified Applies to general industry and fills gap of health and safety

issues not covered by: Responsible Care (RC), Chemical Plant (PSM) industries or other

health and safety programs e.g. ISM Code (Marine Safety)

An OHSMS promotes a safe and healthy working environmentby providing a framework that allows an organization to consistently identify and control its health and safety risks, reduce the potential for accidents aid legislative compliance and improve overall performance

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Overview

OHSAS 18001 - Internationally recognizedassessment specification for OH SM systemsby leading trade bodies, internationalstandards and certification bodies

Can be adopted by any organization wishing

to implement a formal procedure to reduce therisks associated with health and safety in theworking environment for employees,customers and the general public

The following key areas are addressed byOHSAS 18001:

Planning for hazard identification, risk

assessment and risk control OHSAS management programme

Structure and responsibility

Training, awareness and competence

Consultation and communication

Operational control

Emergency preparedness and response

Performance measuring, monitoring andimprovement

It is an auditable protocol, against which acompany's health and safety managementsystem can be assessed

It does not state specific OH&S performancecriteria

Does not give detailed specifications fordesign of a management system

Intended to address OH&S for employees,temporary employees, contractors, visitors andother personnel on-site

Not intended to cover product and servicesafety

No accreditation scheme based on OHSAS18001 offered by any national accreditationbody e.g. RAB, UKAS, RvA, etc.

Certification bodies can only issue non-accredited certificates for OHSAS 18001 e.g.

Certificate of Conformance

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OHSAS 18001 and OHSAS 18002

The OHSAS 18000 series is the emerging standard sets for

occupational safety and health

OHSM Systems Specification - developed in need for arecognized standard against which occupational safety

management systems can be assessed It covers issues such as planning for hazard identification, risk

assessment/control, OHS management, awareness andcompetence, training, communication, emergency preparednessand response, performance measuring and improvement

OHSAS18001

Provides guidelines for the implementation of OHSAS 18001. Itexplains the requirements of this and how to work towardsimplementation/registration

OHSAS18002

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Summary of Changes

Standard, not a specification/ document

This reflects the increasing adoption ofOHSAS 18001 as the basis for nationalstandards on occupational health andsafety management systems

Commonly called the 2Cs Compatibilitywith ISO 9001 and ISO

14001 (IMS) To enable organizations to develop

"integrated management systems" Clarityin elements and definitions

New requirements Consideration of hierarchy of controls

Participation and consultation Management of change Investigation of incidents

New clause (element) Evaluation of compliance (not a new

requirement)

Much greater emphasis on "health" rather

than just "safety Hazardis not damage to property/

damage to workplace environment

The term "accident" is now included in theterm incident

Use ofAcceptable Risk in place of

tolerable risk Damage" is now not directly related to OHSM

and that it is included in the field of asset

management

The risk of such "damage" having an

effect on OHS should be identified

through the organization's risk

assessment process, and be controlled

through the application of appropriate

risk controls

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Reasons for change

To provide a results-oriented system

To refine the elements and definitions

To embrace modern concepts of occupational health and

safety management To further encourage management systems integration

and possibly increase the interest in the OccupationalHealth and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS)

Adoption of OHSAS 18001 as the basis for nationalstandards on OHS systems

Alignmentwith ISO 14001, ISO 9001, ILOOSH:2001, ANSIZ10 and AS/NZS 4801

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Important DefinitionsTerms Definitions OHSAS 18000

Hazard Source or Situation with a potential for harm in terms ofhuman injury or ill health, Damage in property, damage tothe workplace environment, or a combination of these

Risk Combination of the likelihood and consequence ofoccurrence of a specified hazardous event

Risk Assessment Overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk anddeciding whether or not the risk is tolerable

Accident Undesired event giving rise to death, ill health, injury,damage or other loss

Incident Event that gave rise to an accident or had to potential tolead to an accident ( including near-miss)

Harm The direct or indirect degradation, temporary orpermanent, of the physical, mental, or social well-being ofworkers.

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Scope of OHSAS

Promotion & maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and socialwell-being of workers

The prevention of adverse effects on the health of workers caused by theirworking conditions

The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting fromfactors adverse to health

Creating and maintaining an occupational environment adapted to physicaland mental needs of the workers

The adaptation of work to humans

Consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene,toxicology, education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc

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OHSAS

Health Safety

Health Issues are difficult to confront

Effect visible in long durations A Healthy workplace is a safe workplace

Exposure to hazards in the workplace can lead

to serious illness.

Also deals with social and mental well being

of the workers

Safety issues are easier to spot and assess

Can cause immediate loss/damage

A safe workplace may not be a healthy

workplace

Unsafe workplace can lead to accidents and

incidents

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Hazard Assessment Flow

Control or elimination should be as close to the source (location of thehazard) as reasonable and possible.

As technology, resources, social expectation or regulatory requirements

change, hazard analysis focuses control/elimination closer to thesource of hazard.

hazard control is a dynamic program of prevention Continuousprocess

A hazard-based program may not be able to eliminate all risks, butneither does it accept "satisfactory" -- but still riskyoutcomes.

IdentifyIndividualHazards at

Workplace

Assess theeffect of each

hazard

Eliminate theHazard

Control theHazard to

permissiblelimits

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Risk Assessment Flow

Modern occupational safety and health legislation usually demandsthat a risk assessment be carried out prior to making an intervention

Risk management requires risk to be managed to a level which is as lowas is reasonably practical.

Assessment of Risk based on Severity, Frequency & Detectability

Qualitatively, Risk Management is the description of the circumstancesby which the harm could arise

The assessment should be recorded and reviewed periodically andwhenever there is a significant change to work practices

Once recommended controls are implemented, the risk should be re-

calculated to determine of it has been lowered to an acceptable level

IdentifyIndividualHazards at

Workplace

Identify allaffected by

Hazard

Assess howare theyaffected

Evaluatethe Risk

Identify &prioritize

appropriatecontrol

measures

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Types of Hazard

Safety - moving machinery, working at heights, slippery surfaces,

mobile equipment, etc.

Ergonomic - material handling, environment, work organization, etc.

Chemical Agents

Biological Agents

Physical Agents - noise, lighting, radiation, etc.

Psychosocial - stress, violence, etc.