ota- humerus

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    BONE: HUMERUS (1) Location: Proximal segment (11)

    Types:

    A. Extra-articular, unifocal fracture (11-A)

    Groups:

    Humerus proximal segment, extra-articular unifocal

    (11-A)

    1. Avulsion of

    tuberosity

    (11-A1)

    2. Impacted

    metaphysis

    (11-A2)

    3. Non-

    impacted

    metaphysis

    fracture(11-A3)

    B. Extra-articular, bifocal fracture (11-B) C. Articular fractures (11-C)

    2. Without

    metaphyseal

    impaction

    (11-B2)

    2. Articular

    fracture im-

    pacted with

    marked dis-placement

    (11-C2)

    Humerus, proximal segment, extra-articular bifocal

    (11-B)

    1. With meta-

    physeal

    impaction

    (11-B1)

    Humerus, proximal segment, articular fractures

    (11-C)

    1. Articular

    fracture with

    slight displace-

    ment impactedvalgus fracture

    (11-C1)

    3. With

    glenohumeral

    dislocation

    (11-B3)

    These fractures represent three part fractures, or frac-

    ture dislocations by the Neer classification.

    3. Articular

    fracture with

    gleno-

    humeral dis-location

    (11-C3)

    HUMERUS

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    Humerus J Orthop Trauma Volume 21, Number 10 Supplement, November/December 2007

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    Subgroups and Qualifications:Humerus, proximal, extra-articular, unifocal tuberosity (11-A1)1. Greater tuberosity not displaced(11-A1.1)

    2. Greater tuberosity displaced(11-A1.2)(1) superior,(2) posterior

    3. With glenohumeral dislocation(11-A1.3)(1) anterior and medial plus posteriorcephalic notch(2) anterior and medial plus greatertuberosity(3) erecta and greater tuberosity(4) posterior and lesser tuberosity

    Humerus, proximal, extra-articular, unifocal, impacted metaphyseal (11-A2)1. Without frontal malalignment(11-A2.1)(1) without sagittal malalignment(2) posterior impaction(3) anterior impaction

    2. With varus malalignment (11-A2.2)(1) pure medial impaction(2) posterior and medial impaction(3) anterior and medial impaction

    3. With valgus malalignment(11-A2.3)(1) pure lateral impaction(2) posterior and lateral impaction(3) anterior and lateral impaction

    Humerus, proximal, extra-articular, unifocal, non-impacted metaphyseal (11-A3)1. Simple with angulation (11-A3.1) 2. Simple with translation (11-A3.2)

    (1) lateral(2) medial(3) with glenohumeral dislocation

    3. Multifragmentary (11-A3.3)

    (1) wedge(2) complex(3) glenohumeral dislocation

    A1

    A2

    A3

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    J Orthop Trauma Volume 21, Number 10 Supplement, November/December 2007 Humerus

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    Humerus, proximal, extra-articular, bifocal, with metaphyseal impaction (11-B1)1. Lateral plus greater tuberosity(11-B1.1)(1) pure lateral impaction(2) posterior and lateral impaction(3) anterior and lateral impaction

    2. Medial plus lesser tuberosity(11-B1.2)(1) pure lateral impaction(2) posterior and lateral impaction(3) anterior and lateral impaction

    3. Posterior plus greater tuberosity(11-B1.3)

    Humerus, proximal, extra-articular, bifocal, without metaphyseal impaction (11-B2)1. Without rotatory displacement ofthe epiphyseal fracture fragment(11-B2.1)

    2. With rotatory displacement of theepiphyseal fragment (11-B2.2)(1) greater tuberosity separated(2) lesser tuberosity separated

    3. Multifragmentary metaphysis plusone of the tuberosities (11-B2.3)(1) lesser tuberosity(2) greater tuberosity

    Humerus, proximal, extra-articular, bifocal with glenohumeral dislocation (11-B3)1. Vertical cervical line plus greater

    tuberosity intact plus anterior medialdislocation (11-B3.1)

    2. Vertical cervical line plus greater

    tuberosity fracture plus anterior me-dial dislocation (11-B3.2)

    3. Lesser tuberosity fracture plus pos-

    terior dislocation (11-B3.3)(1) without anterior cephalic notch(2) with anterior cephalic notch

    B1

    B2

    B3

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    2. Anatomical neck and tuberosities(11-C3.2)(1) head impacted(2) head not impacted

    Humerus, proximal, articular fracture dislocated (11-C3)1. Anatomical neck(11-C3.1)(1) anterior(2) posterior

    3. Cephalotubercular fragmentation(11-C3.3)(1) head intact(2) head fragmented

    Humerus, proximal, articular fracture with slight displacement (11-C1)1. Cephalotubercular with valgusmalalignment (11-C1.1)

    2. Cephalotubercular with varusmalalignment (11-C1.2)

    3. Anatomical neck(11-C1.3)(1) nondisplaced(2) displaced

    Humerus, proximal, articular fracture impacted with marked displacement (11-C2)1. Cephalotubercular with valgusmalalignment (11-C2.1)

    2. Cephalotubercular with varusmalalignment (11-C2.2)

    3. Transcephalic (double profile imageon x-ray) and tubercular, with varusmalalignment (11-C2.3)

    C1

    C2

    C3

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    J Orthop Trauma Volume 21, Number 10 Supplement, November/December 2007 Humerus

    2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins S11

    BONE: HUMERUS (1) Location: Diaphyseal segment (12)

    Types:

    A. Simple fracture (12-A) B. Wedge fracture (12-B) C. Complex fracture (12-C)

    Groups:

    Humerus diaphyseal, simple (12-A)

    1. Spiral

    (12-A1)2. Oblique

    (30) (12-A2)

    3. Transverse

    (30) (12-A3)

    Humerus diaphyseal, wedge (12-B)

    1. Spiral wedge

    (12-B1)2. Bending

    wedge (12-B2)

    3. Frag-

    mented

    wedge (12-B3)

    Humerus diaphyseal, complex (12-C)

    1. Spiral

    (12-C1)

    2. Segmental

    (12-C2)

    3. Irregular

    (12-C3)

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    Subgroups and Qualifications:Humerus diaphyseal, simple, spiral (12-A1)1. Proximal zone (12-A1.1) 2. Middle zone (12-A1.2) 3. Distal zone (12-A1.3)

    Humerus diaphyseal, simple, oblique (30) (12-A2)1. Proximal zone (12-A2.1) 2. Middle zone (12-A2.2) 3. Distal zone (12-A2.3)

    Humerus diaphyseal, simple, transverse (30) (12-A3)

    1. Proximal zone (12-A3.1) 2. Middle zone (12-A3.2) 3. Distal zone (12-A3.3)

    A1

    A2

    A3

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    J Orthop Trauma Volume 21, Number 10 Supplement, November/December 2007 Humerus

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    2. Middle zone (12-B2.2) 3. Distal zone (12-B2.3)Humerus diaphyseal, wedge, bending (12-B2)1. Proximal zone (12-B2.1)

    Humerus diaphyseal, wedge, spiral (12-B1)1. Proximal zone (12-B1.1) 2. Middle zone (12-B1.2) 3. Distal zone (12-B1.3)

    Humerus diaphyseal, wedge, fragmented (12-B3)1. Proximal zone (12-B3.1) 2. Middle zone (12-B3.2) 3. Distal zone (12-B3.3)

    B1

    B2

    B3

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    Humerus, diaphyseal, complex irregular (12-C3)1. With 2 or 3 intermediatefragments (12-C3.1)

    (1) 2 main intermediate fragments(2) 3 main intermediate fragments

    2. With limited shattering (4cm)(12-C3.2)

    (1) proximal zone(2) middle zone(3) distal zone

    3. With extensive shattering(4cm)(12-C3.3)

    (1) pure diaphyseal(2) proximal diaphysio-metaphyseal(3) distal diaphysio-metaphyseal

    Humerus diaphyseal, complex, spiral (12-C1)(1) pure diaphyseal(2) proximal diaphysio-metaphyseal(3) distal diaphysio-metaphyseal1. With 2 intermediate fragments(12-C1.1)

    2. With 3 intermediate fragments(12-C1.2)

    3. With more than 3 intermediatefragments (12-C1.3)

    Humerus, diaphyseal, complex segmental (12-C2)1. With 1 intermediate segmentalfragment (12-C2.1)(1) pure diaphyseal(2) proximal diaphysio-metaphyseal(3) distal diaphysio-metaphyseal(4) oblique lines(5) transverse and oblique lines

    2. With 1 intermediate segmental andadditional wedge fragments (12-C2.2)(1) pure diaphyseal(2) proximal diaphysio-metaphyseal(3) distal diaphysio-metaphyseal(4) distal wedge(5) 2 wedges, proximal and distal

    3. With 2 intermediate segmentalfragments (12-C2.3)(1) pure diaphyseal(2) proximal diaphysio-metaphyseal(3) distal diaphysio-metaphyseal

    C1

    C2

    C3

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    J Orthop Trauma Volume 21, Number 10 Supplement, November/December 2007 Humerus

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    BONE: HUMERUS (1) Location: Distal segment (13)

    Types:

    A. Extra-articular fracture (13-A) B. Partial articular fracture (13-B) C. Complete articular fracture (13-C)

    2. Meta-

    physeal

    simple (13-A2)

    3. Meta-

    physeal multi-

    fragmentary

    (13-A3)

    Groups:

    Humerus distal segment, extra-articular (13-A)1. Apophyseal

    avulsion (13-A1)

    Humerus distal segment, partial articular (13-B)1. Lateral

    sagittal (13-B1)2. Medial

    sagittal

    (13-B2)

    3. Frontal (13-B3)Humerus distal segment, complete articular (13-C)1. Articular

    simple,

    metaphyseal

    simple (13-C1)

    2. Articular

    simple, meta-

    physeal multi-

    fragmentary

    (13-C2)

    3. Articular,

    metaphyseal

    multifragmen-

    tary (13-C3)

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    Subgroups and Qualifications:Humerus, distal, extra-articular apophyseal avulsion (13-A1)1. Lateral epicondyle (13-A1.1) 2. Medial epicondyle, non-incarcerated

    (13-A1.2)(1) non-displaced(2) displaced(3) fragmented

    3. Medial epicondyle, incarcerated(13-A1.3)

    Humerus, distal, extra-articular metaphyseal simple (13-A2)1. Oblique downwardsand inwards (13-A2.1)

    2. Oblique down-wards and outwards(13-A2.2)

    3. Transverse (13-A2.3)(1) transmetaphyseal (2) juxta-epiphyseal

    with posterior displace-ment (Kocher I)

    (3) juxta-epiphysealwith anterior displace-ment (Kocher II)

    Humerus, distal, extra-articular metaphyseal multifragmentary (13-A3)1. With intact wedge (13-A3.1)

    (1) lateral(2) medial

    2. With fragmented wedge (13-A3.2)

    (1) lateral(2) medial

    3. Complex (13-A3.3)

    A1

    A2

    A3

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    J Orthop Trauma Volume 21, Number 10 Supplement, November/December 2007 Humerus

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    Humerus, distal, partial articular lateral sagittal (13-B1)1. Capitellum (13-B1.1)(1) through the capitellum (Milch I)(2) between capitellum and trochlea

    2. Transtrochlear simple (13-B1.2)(1) medial collateral ligament intact(2) medial collateral ligament ruptured(3) metaphyseal simple (classic Milch II)lateral condyle

    (4) metaphyseal wedge(5) metaphysio-diaphyseal

    3. Transtrochlear multifragmentary(13-B1.3)(1) epiphysio-metaphyseal(2) epiphysio-metaphyseal-diaphyseal

    Humerus, distal, partial articular, medial sagittal (13-B2)1. Transtrochlear simple, throughmedial side (Milch I) (13-B2.1)

    2. Transtrochlear simple, through thegroove (13-B2.2)

    3. Transtrochlear multifragmentary(13-B2.3)(1) epiphysio-metaphyseal(2) epiphysio-metaphyseal-diaphyseal

    Humerus, distal, partial articular, frontal (13-B3)1. Capitellum (13-B3.1)(1) incomplete (Kocher-Lorenz)(2) complete (Hahn-Steinthal 1)(3) with trochlear component(Hahn-Steinthal 2)(4) fragmented

    2. Trochlea (13-B3.2)(1) simple(2) fragmented

    3. Capitellum and trochlea (13-B3.3)

    B1

    B2

    B3

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    Humerus, distal, complete multifragmentary (13-C3)1. Metaphyseal simple (13-C3.1) 2. Metaphyseal wedge (13-C3.2)

    (1) intact(2) fragmented

    3. Metaphyseal complex (13-C3.3)

    (1) localized(2) extending into diaphysis

    Humerus, distal complete, articular simple, metaphyseal simple (13-C1)1. With slight displacement (13-C1.1)(1) Y-shaped(2) T-shaped(3) V-shaped

    2. With marked displacement(13-C1.2)(1) Y-shaped(2) T-shaped(3) V-shaped

    3. T-shaped epiphyseal (13-C1.3)

    Humerus, distal, complete articular simple metaphyseal multifragmentary (13-C2)1. With intact wedge (13-C2.1)(1) metaphyseal lateral(2) metaphyseal medial(3) metaphysio-diaphyseal-lateral(4) metaphysio-diaphyseal-medial

    2. With a fragmented wedge (13-C2.2)(1) metaphyseal lateral(2) metaphyseal medial(3) metaphysio-diaphyseal-lateral(4) metaphysio-diaphyseal-medial

    3. Complex (13-C2.3)

    C1

    C2

    C3