Pa. - Information and Library Network Centreietd.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/317/14/14_appendixs.pdfPa. - Information and Library Network Centre

APPENDIX - Pa. 1

E x t r a c t s from some r e p l y letters of t h e Oora lans of B r i t i s h

Malabar abou t Temple E n t r y problem to t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e of

Zamorin of Ca l i cu t .

------- a. Let ter of Rajah Sir Vasudeva Rajah

Kollengode,

1 8 t h December, 1932

My d e a r Zamorin Rajah Sahib,

I am i n due r e c e i p t of your k ind letter of t h e

2 1 s t October i n r e g a r d to t h e q u e s t i o n of e n t r y b y t h e

non c a s t e Hindus i n t h e temples of Malabar . . . My

e n q u i r i e s go to show t h a t a l a r g e number of moderate and

r e s p o n s i b l e s e c t i o n of p e o p l e i n Malabar are whol ly a g a i n s t

t h e idea of throwing open o u r temple f o r t h e e n t r y of t h o s e

who have been i n t h e p a s t b o t h by t r a d i t i o n and custom

exc luded from such en t ry . Every c a s t e and community has

i t s own temples and worship is clone i n t h o s e temples by

p e o p l e be longing t o t h e r e s p e c t i v e c a s t e a and communities

w i t h o u t any hinderance o r inconvenience. The r e s u l t of

throwing open t h e h igh c a s t e Hindu temples to o t h e r l o w

c a s t e a t h a t do n o t now e n j o y t h e p r i v i l e g e w i l l be f o r c i n g

t h e h ighe r c a s t e s to desert t h e s e temples and it is also

l i k e l y t h a t t h e p r i e s t s and T h a n t h r i e s who now do t h e

p u j a s w i l l c e a s e to do t h o s e f u n c t i o n s . . . a t 5

. . . . . Even t h e h igh c a s t e Hindus have t h e i r

own l i m i t a t i o n s i n e n t e r i n g c e r t a i n p o r t i o n s of t h e

temples and even t h e &?harajas of Travancore and Cochin

i n s p i t e of t h e i r h igh p o s i t i o n and d i g n i t y a r e n o t

a l lowed t o go i n t o t h e sanctum sanctorum of even temples

where t h e i r own w i l l i s :law f o r such e n t r a n c e , . . . . . . . Queen Victoria i n h e r g r e a t p roc lamat ion

a f t e r t h e g r e a t I n d i a n Mlltiny has he ld o u t freedom of

worsh ip to a l l c l a s s e s o f s u b j e c t s of t h e I n d i a n Empire

a n d t h e Government w i l l be fai1:Lng i n t h e i r d u t y i f t h e y

f a i l t o protect t h e legal . r i g h t s o f worship of t h e

temple g o e r s eventhough t h e y be i n a minor i ty .

I have n i n e temples under my management of which one

i s a most a n c i e n t one, namely t h e K ~ c h a n K u r i s s i Temple . . . I am n o t p repa red to throw open any of my t emples to

"AVARNAS" and I s h a l l not. be s u r p r i s e d i f t h e r e is s e r i o u s

b r e e c h of peace i f t h e y a r e forc! ibly e n t e r e d i n t o . '. . The p r e s e n t a t t e m p t of a c e r t a i n s e c t i o n of p e o p l e to

coerce others t o a c t a g a i n s t t h e i r w i l l and long e s t a b l i s h e d

custom is h a r d l y c r e d i t a b l e t o them . . . F r an I remain

~ a j a h sir Vasudeva m j a h , ~ t . , c.I.E., k1.LeA.1 Yours very s i n c e r e l y Kollengode.

S igna ture .

h. -- L o t t c r of S.K. ~ a m a s w a m ~ m --- Ze1 I.

M.C. Mlnavedan Palghat ,

R - j a l a NOV. 3' . 15 th November 1932

From

r1.R. Ry. S.K. Ramaswamy Ayyar 4vl . B.A.,

VakilL

~ a l q h a t .

M. R. ~ y . zamorin Maharaja I ivargal ,

C ~ l i c ~ l t : .

S i r ,

I hcg t o s u b j o i n my an5:w-rs t o t h e ques t ion r l a i r e

so k ind ly s e n t t o rnn r e g a r d i n g t h e Temple Entry q u e s t i o n . . .

The e n t r y of depresecd c l a s s e s i n t o templcs in Cont ravent ion of past usaqe i s h iqh ly ob jec t ionab le .

The immemorial usages and practice:: of t h e temple are t h e

b e s t a u t h o r i t y on t11e p o i n t . . . .

Question 3

I do not agree t o any modification i n the usages

and pract ices of any temple because t i m e requires it . . . I am deadly aqainst throwins open any temple to the

Avarnas. Therefore no question of any r e s t r i c t i o n of

time and places ar i ses . . .

Your obedient servant,

Signature.

c. Letter of N. Krishnan Buttathiripad

(Unwritten opin:Lon) S ta t ion Nemini

Date 1.11.1932 N. Krishnan Buttathiripaci.

Nimini.

CHOWHAT.

Zeal

Zamorin' s off ice , Calicut.

6 - NOV. 1932

TO

The Zamorine Raja,

Cal icut

Honoured Raj a,

May I approach you w&th a f e w l i n e s of my opinion

about t h e points i n your communic SIC to t h e press and

published w i t h Mathrubhoomi dated 27.10.'32.

. . . I am an Uralan of two temples

. . . A s f a r a s my knowledge is concerned t h e r e is

no prohibi t ion i n t h e Laws ( ~ a s t r a s ) f o r t h e temple en t ry

t o t h e Avarnas . . . L qu i t e ready and will inq to open

t h e s a i d temples to a l l Avarnas.

About t h e t i m e I have t c b pay nothing but even now

it can be. They may be allowed to approach to t h e p l a c e

a s f a r a s savarnas go.

I remain

Honoured Raja

Your's f a i t h f u l l y

NIB. Krishnnn.

d.Letter of Elevooth Kalinclat Neelanthan Bhattathiripad

(Vnwritt:en opinion)

zeal

Z,unorin's of £ice

Calicut 6 Nov. 1932 From

Elawoth Kalinghat Neelanthan Bhattathiripaa,

Chittat tukara

S. Malabar.

TO

The Zamorin Raja

Calicut.

Respected Raja,

I sha l l be glad to inform you t h e following few points

f o r your kind notice and kind disposal . . . I an uralan

of four temples . . . I im ever ready and mi te will ing to

open the temples under me t o a11 Avarnas. Nothing to say

about time. They may be allowed t o go with Savarnas'.

I beg to remain,

Honoured Raja,

Your's obediently

Signature. Elovathi

1.11.'32

------ Sources Zamorin's Guruvayur Satyagraha f i l e (Vallathol

Vidyapeedom Library, Sukapwam, Edapal)

APPENDIX - No.@ PONNANI TALUK REFERENDUM RESULTS

Column Number

Details Tiroor K u t t i - Ponnani Thrith- An&- Chowghat Nettika Total i n Furkha puram Purkha a l a thodu Furkha Furkha Ponnani

Furkha Furkha Furkha Taluk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. I Total number of Savarna Houses 1044 1084 99 4 2171 1207 1268 648 8416 I1 Number of v i s i t ed Savarna

Families 9 69 1067 994 2056 1163 1268 624 8141

111 Total nu&r of adult Samrna Males 1362 185 7 1839 2743 1467 1858 1572 12698

I V Favourable to temple Entry (Savarna Males) 866 1210 1 0 1 ~ 1 5 4 305 828 466 7505

V Unf avourable la 122 130 111 188 122 187 432 1282

VI.Tota1 number of adult Savarna Females 1564 2415 2183 3206 1973 2137 1289 14767

VII Favourable t o temple entry (Savarnrl Females) 85 5 15 60 965 1803 1350 648 883 8064

V I I I Unfavourable 15 1 185 111 19 1 126 259 277 1300 IX Males not favourable o r

unfavourable 86 133 72 214 78 153 172 908 X Females n 15 7 179 78 204 132 229 129 1108

X I Males not f e e l l i k e t o vote 298 384 638 787 216 680 .. 3003

X I 1 Females n 40 1 49 1 10 29 1008 365 1001 ... 4295

, . - (Contd. ) i. ' -

APPENDIX - NO.2 (Contd)

A* aaultSavarna 2926 4272 4022 5949 3440 3995 2861 27465 c a s t e males and females

B Favourable to temple entry 1721 2770 1983 3357 2401 1486 1850 15568 = 77 X

C Not favourable or unfamurable 243 312 150 418 210 382 301 2016 1 10 %

!2 2 D Unfavourable to temple entry 203 315 222 379 248 446 710 2583 = 13 % 2

E Not feel l i k e t o vote 699 875 1667 1795 581 1681 .... 7298 = 27 %

Source r The Mathrubhumi Newspaper, supplement to t h e i s sue , 10, 236, (December 27, 1932) P.I .

APPENDIX - N0.3 Examples of some Appeals to the %amorin of Calicut fraa

the Educational Institutions of India.

a) Appeal on a Post Card from the members of the D.A.V. College Staff - Seal D. A.V. College

Zamorious Office Hoshiarpur (punjab)

16-12-32

Dear Sir,

We, the members of the D.A.V. College Staff, request

you to throw open the Guru-vayur Temple to the so-called

untouchables, to prevent a national catastrophe. The eyes of

the whole of the country are rivetted on you. We hope that

an ehlightened man like you will rise equal to the massion.

Yours truly

With signature of 11 members

Addressed to the Z amorin , Kallai (South-India)

DAYANANDA AYURVED:LC COLLEGE, LAHORE

December 15, 1932

Zea l

Zcmorin ' s Office

C a l i c u t ,

The Z m o r i n ,

C a l i c u t .

W e t h e s t u d e n t s o f t h e Dayanand Ayurvedic College,

Lahore appea l t o you i n a l l e a r n e s t n e s s and h u m i l i t y t o

throw open t h e temple of Guruvayur to H a r i j a n s i n t h e best

i n t e r e s t of Hinduism and humanity.

With s i g n a t u r e s of 58 I y e a r s t u d e n t s .

Attested

sw- P r i n c i p a l ,

Dayanand Ayurvedic Col lege ,

LAHORE

C ) Appeal from the Students of W.L.C.M. Hiqh School, Guntur

Zeal

Zcmorins off ice

Calicut 23 Dec 1932

An Appeal To The Zmorin of Calicut

Sir,

We, the students of Ountur, most earnestly

request you to throw apen the ternple at Guruvayur of which

you are a trustee to the so-called "Avarnasn. In the

interests of our Community and in the larger interests of

our country which all hang on this issue, we appeal to your

good sense to take immediate action and thus avert the

crisis threatening the Nation.

Your's sincerely,

Guntur

16th December 1932

W.L.C.M. High School

The students of Guntur

with 108 signatures of students

Appeal from thc! s tudents o f Annamalai

U n i v e r a

Zeal

zcmorins o f f ice

C a l i c u t 26 Dec. 32

We, t h e fo l lowing s tudents o f t h e Annamalai Univers i ty

reques t t h e Zamorin of Ca l i cu t t o t h r o w open t h e g a t e s of t h e

Guruvayur Temple t o t h e IHarijans.

With 419 s ignatures of s tudents

23rd Dec . 1932

Annamalai Nagar,

C hidambaram.

e) Appeal from t h e s tuden t s clf Rana Pra tap School, Gorokh~ur

Zeal Zamorins o f f ice C a l i c u t 25 Dec.32

TO H i s Highness Raja Zmor in Ca l icu t .

S i r ,

Your honour i s f u l l y aware of t h e f a c t t h a t Mahatma

Gandhi has taken a vow t o remove t h e cu r se of untouchabi l i ty

from India, a s it hinders t h e cause of nationalism.

Consequently it is t h e duty of every i nhab i t an t of India to

h e l p t h e cause of na t ion by removing untouchabil i ty . The

demand of depressed c l a s s e s of India is t h a t t h e temple of

"Guru-Vayurm should be thrown open f o r them a s they t ake it

t o be a p r a c t i c a l proof of t h e removal of ha t r ed f o r them.

A s it lies i n your honour's Power t o open t h e temple,

w e t h e s t uden t s of Rana P ra t ap School Gorokhpur r eques t your

honour k ind ly open t h e t e m p l e before Mahatmaji c m e n c e s h i s

f a s t f o r t h e cause. If t h e temple is not opened by your

honour you can imagine t h e h o r r i b l e consequences concerning

Mahatma's l ife.

W e beg to remain,

S i r , Your most obedient pup i l e s

W i t h s i gna tu re s of 249 s tuden t s

f l A ~ ~ e a l from t h e s t uden t s of Andheri Kiqh School

Zeal

Zamorins o f f i c e

C a l i c u t 24 Dec. 32

Anheri S i c , 16th

Dec. 1932.

S j t . Zamorin,

Trus tee of t h e Guruvayur temple,

Every Hindu should have t h e oppor tuni ty of having

"Darshan" however humble his o r he r c a s t S i c may be.

we, t h e undersigned s tuden t s of high School department

o f t h e Andheri High School. believe t h i s and t h e r e f o r e with

every r e spec t appeal you t:o open t h e doors of Guruvayur

Temple f o r t h e so-cal led i~ntouchnbles who have up to now not

enjoyed such p r iv i l eges .

Yours t r u l y , (With s i gna tu re s of 8 2 s t uden t s

3) Appeal from t h e s t u d e n t s o f S r i . R~mulu , Government

I n d i a n Medical School, Madras.

Zea l

Z ~ n o r i n s o f f i c e ,

C a l i c u t 24 Dec 32

W e , t h e unders igned s t u d e n t s , h e a r t i l y welcome

t h e POONAPACT and desire t h a t t h e so -ca l l ed caste-Hindus

w i l l be more c o n c i l i a t o r y towards t h e i r fellow b r e t h e r n

HARIJANS and t r y t o u p l i f t t hem from t h e m i s e r a b l e

c o n d i t i o n s under which t h e y a r e a t p r e s e n t l abour ing .

W e do n o t f i n d any v o l i d ob jec t j .ons f o r t h e i r e n t e r i n g our

temples. The m a j o r i t y o f t h e peop le a r e n o t a g a i n s t t h e i r

e n t e r i n g o u r temples. a s it is r e p r e s e n t e d b y a handfu l o f

t h e o r thodox Hindus. So, we r e q u e s t you, t h e ZAMORIN OF

CALICUT t o t h r o w open t h e g a t e s of t h e fcmour GURUVAYUR

TEMPLE and save lives o f Mahatma Gandhi and Mr. Kelappan.,

Yours etc.,

S r i R ~ m u l u

Governmcsnt I n d i a n Medical School Madras.

With s i g n a t u r e s of 154 s t u d e n t s

h) Appeal from the Staff and Sltudents of Commercial College,

I k l h i --

Zeal

Zomorins o f f i ce

Calicut 24 bec.32

Commercial College,

8, Daryaganj,

belhi 17th bec., 1932.

The Zamoirin of Calicut

sir,

On behalf of the s t a f f and students of t h i s College

I hove the honour t o forward t o you t h e following appeal

signed by them. A copy of t h i s appeal is being forwarded to

Mahatma Gandhi. The appeal. speaks fo r i t s e l f and I have no

doubt you w i l l give it the consideration its importance

deserves.

I have the honour t o be,

S i r ,

Your most obedient Servant,

Signature Principal.

W e t h e s t u d e n t s and t h e S t a f f of t h e Commercial

C o l l e g e D e l h i f e r v e n t l y appea l t o t h e Z ~ n o r i n o f C a l i c u t

i n t h e name of God, o u r mother l a n d and t h e Hindu r e l i g i o n

t o throw open t h e doors oii Guruvayur Temple t o t h e so c a l l e d

untouchables and t h e r e b y a l l o w them to e n j o y t h e i r

i n a l i e n a b l e r i g h t s of Darahan and worship as Hindus. W e

hope you w i l l rise t o t h e h e i g h t of t h i s g r e a t occas ion and

t h e r e b y remove t h e s t igma of ty ranny and i n j u s t i c e from t h e .

f a i r f a c e o f Hinduism. A copy o f t h i s appea l is being

forwarded t o Mahatma Gandhi.

With s i g n a t u r e of 3 t e a c h e r s and 93 s tuden t s .

P r i n c i p a l

1) Appeal from t h e S t u d e n t s of l o c a l Khalsa and Hindu Sabha

Col leqe, Amr.Ltsar - Z e n 1

Zarnorin's O f f i c e

C a l i c u t 26 Dec 32

Amri tsnr

1 4 t h Dec. 1932

S i r ,

We t h e unders igned s t u d e n t s of local k h a l s a and

Hindu Sabha Co l l ege appea l t o you i n a l l e a r n e s t n e s s and

h u m i l i t y t o throw open the! temple of Guruvnyoor t o H a r i j a n s

i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f Hindul.srn and Humanity.

W e beg t o remain

S i r ,

Yours

With s i g n a t u r e s o f 80 s t u d e n t s

Appeal from t h e Sava:rna Hindu students , Trivandrum

z e a l

Zamorin's Office, Ca l icu t ,

2 2 DEC 1932

TO

The Maharaja Zmor in of C a l i c u t

Respected S i r ,

We, t h e s igna to r ies , t h e Savarna Hindu s tuden t s of

Trivandrum, prayer f u l l y b r ing t o your n o t i c e t h e following

i n regard t o t h e Guruvayur Temple Entry referendum question.

W e a r e not impat ient of your anxie ty and f e a r w i t h regard

t o t h e de s t i ny of t h e Hindu re l ig ion . whi le w e do no t ques t ion

your inherent r i g h t to c h e r i s h your own i d e a l of Dharma i n

whatever capac i ty it be, we a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n s ee ing . t ha t it

is ensured t h e worth of it i n i ts capac i ty t o conform t o t h e

very fundamentals of it. Over enthusiasm should no t be

permit ted t o b l u r our vis ion. L e t u s be governed by the

All-embracing f o r c e a s r e f l e c t e d i n world opinion. To be

b l i n d t o t h e march of t i m e s is t o shu t our eyes t o t h e r e a l i t y .

Who knows t h a t Gandhiji is not t h e mouth-piece of t h e Benign

Providence? L e t us be submissive to t h e w i l l of God. pray,

w a i t , watch and see what it is. Kindly be open t o

conv ic t ion . ' L e t t r u t h be r e v e a l e d v is t h e s t a n d of

Gandhi j i . L e t us a l l be p repa red to abide by Truth.

L e t n o t t h e s e n s e of l i f e be lost. on u s by a r rogance and

assumptions of se l f - importance. Pray obey t h e Divine

c a l l . It is v e r y w e l l mani fes t . W e have been

s c r u t i n i s i n g t h e c o n t r o v e r s i e s o n b o t h sides. W e are

p a i n f u l l y s u r p r i s e d t o see your i r r e c o n c i l a b l e a t t i t u d e

a s reflected i n your v a r i o u s c o n f l i c t i n g commitments b o t h

t o t h e i n d i v i d u a l s and t o t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c th rough t h e

press. Pray l e t us f i g h t w e l l b u t f i g h t c l ean , b u t n o t

be "though vanquished cou ld argue still 'v.

order changeth y i e l d i n g p l a c e to new And God

f u l f i l s himself i n many ways" may he g i v e u s s t r e n g t h t o

know and obey His I n v i n c i b l e w i l l . May t h e Lord of Guruvayur

gu ide us.

Pray, obey Him.

Respected S i r , Your w e l l wishers ,

K. Kesavan Nair, B.L. C l a s s & t h e fo l lowing 300.

At tached 17 pages w i t h s i g n a t u r e s of 300 s t u d e n t s £ r a n

J u n i o r p l e a d e r s h i p c l a s s , !senior p l e a d e r s h i p c l a s s , B.L., and

F.L. Classes, Law College.

k) Appeal from t h e C a s t e Hindu S t u d e n t s of T r i c h u r

AN APPEAL

z e a l

znmorin 's O f f i c e ,

C a l i c u t ,

2 6 DEC 32.

The Z m o r i n o f C a l i c u t

Respected Sir ,

W e t h e C a s t e Hindu S t u d e n t s of Tr i chu r , humbly beg

t o p u t i n a word of appea l t o you concerning t h e Temple

E n t r y Sa tyagraha going on a t Guruvayur. which h a s been

a g i t a t i n g t h e p u b l i c mind f o r t h e l a s t one year , and which

s t i l l remains a theme of e a r n e s t and p e r s i s t e n t d i s c u s s i o n s

b o t h on t h e p l a t f o r m and i n t h e press.

The d e c i s i o n o f Mahatma Gandhi to f a s t h imself t o

dea th , i f i n s p i t e of t h e desire and approva l of a h

overwhelming m a j o r i t y of cas te -h indus i n and around

Guruvayur t o throw open t h e door of t h e temple to t h e

Har i j ans , you ma in t a in an a t t i t u d e of i r r e c o n c i l a b l e

oppos i t ion . i s a m a t t e r of g r e a t concern and anxiety i n as

much as it would mean the sacrifice of the most precious

and the most valued life in the country.

It is a matter beyond dispute that a wonderful

awakening has come over the so-called untouchables. There

is a sense of new born self-respect and self-reliance

among them and the national movement which is above all a

movement of self-purification, has stimulated in them a

genuine desire to rise beyond the slough of despond. The

opening of some of the most popular and celebrated Hindu

shrines in Northern India to the entry of Harijans, the

numerous public meetings held in almost all the chief

centres of the country and the resolutions unanimously passed

in support of temple entry, are unmistakable signs of a

change of attitude among the higher castes* towards their

less fortunate countrymen.

... ... . . . ... ... ... We therefore appeal to you in the name of justice and

on grounds of fairness and humanity and above all on grounds

of national self-interest to throw open the doors of the

Guruvayur Temple and bring sunshine and happiness into the

lives of many of our race who are groaning under the weight

of sin, poverty and ignorance.

.Attached with 352 signatures of students in

APPENDIX-N0.4

TEMPLE ENTRY RULES

PROCLAMATION

BY

HIS HIGHNESS SRI. PADMANABHA DASA VANCHI PALA SIR.

RAMAVARMA KULA SEKHARA KIRTIPATI MANNEY SULTAN

MAHARAJA RAMARAJA BAHADUR SHAMSHER JANG, KNIGHT

GRAND

COMMANDER OF THE MOST EMINENT ORDER OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE,

MAHARAJA OF TRAVANCORE, ISSUED UNDER DATE THE 9TH VRISCHIGAM

1112 CORRESPONDING M THE 24TH NOVEMBER 1936.

Where as we have by a proc lamat ion i s s u e d under

date t h e 27 th Tulm 1112 cor responding t o t h e 1 2 t h November

1936 dec l a red , o rda ined and c m a n d e d t h a t , s u b j e c t to t h e

r u l e s and c o n d i t i o n s t h a t we may impose, no restriction

s h a l l be p l a c e d on any Hindu entering and worshipping a t

t h e temples c o n t r o l l e d b y US and OUR Government, we <are

hereby p l e a s e d to enact t h e fo l lowing

RULES.

1. The expression NTemple* occu r ing i n t h e s e r u l e s s h a l l

i n c l u d e not o n l y t h e Temple and s u b s h r i n e s b u t also mandapcms

and o t h e r b u i l d i n g s a s w e l l as t a n k s and w e l l s appur t enan t

to t h e temple.

2. The e x p r e s s i o n "Chief O f f i c e r of t h e Devaswomn

occuring i n these ru les sha l l mean t h e Officer i n charge

of t h e Devaswom. I t sha l l a l so include every o f f i c e r

superior to him and having jur i sd ic t ion when such superior

o f f i c e r exercises t h e powers of Chief Officer of the Devaswom.

3. In order t h a t t h e Customs and Usages obtaining i n t h e

several temple. under the control of His Highness t h e

Maharaja and The Government i n regard to t h e Poojas,

~ivedyams, vazhi Vadus, the Nithyanidhanam, Masavisesham,

Attavisesham, Ulsavam and other ordinary and special

ceremonies and r i t u a l s sha l l continue to be observed a8 here

t o fore, it sha l l be competent t o the Chief Officer of t he

DevaswMn to give, consistently w i t h t he objects of the

aforesaid proclamation, such directions as may be necessary

from time to time for regulating the t i m e of entry and

worship o r l imiting t h e number of those who may enter f o r

worship a t a time o r maintaining such special customs and

usages a s are applicable t o cer ta in individuals and - communities f o r speci f ic purposes.

4. The permission t o enter a temple sha l l not be

exercised ao as t o empower entrance i n t o t h e Srikoil ,

Tidappally (Kitchen) and other portions of t h e temple where

speci f ic r e s t r i c t l ons even now exist i n regard t o a l l

persons except those who a r e allowed t o use those portions

by custom.

5. ~ l l worshippers a r e bound t o conform to t h e

d i r e c t i o n s given by t h e Chief Officer of t h e Devaswan

i n regard t o t h e car ry ing o u t of t h e objects of t h e afore

s a i d proclamation and t h e Rules and i n regard to p l ace s

which have to be reserved f o r t h e t i m e being for t h e

proper conduct of t h e r i t u a l s i n t h e temple or observances

such a s t h e feeding of persons a s here to f o r e conducted.

6. The c l a s s e s of persons mentioned here under s h a l l

no t e n t e r wi th in t h e compound wal l s of a temple o r i t s

premises i n case there i s no compound walls-

a ) Persons who a r e no t Hindus:

b) Persons under po l l u t i on a r i s i n g o u t of b i r t h o r dea th

i n t h e i r families;

c) Women a t such times during which they a r e not, by

custom and usage allowed t o e n t e r temples:

d) drunken or d i so rde r ly persons;

el Persons su f fe r ing from any loathsome o r contagious

disease;

f ) Persons of unsound mind except when taken f o r worship

under proper con t ro l and with t h e sanc t ion of t h e Chief

O f f i c e r of t h e Devaswom concerned; and

g ) Profess ional beggars.

7. No person sha l l enter i n to any temple premises

unless he wears clean clothes of such materials and i n

such manner as may be customary. The decision of t h e

Chief Officer of The Dewaswom concerned sha l l prevai l

u n t i l s e t as ide by a higher authority. None sha l l be

allowed t o enter temple premises w i t h any foot wear, except

those who are allowed to do so by custom and usage obtaining

i n the temple.

8. No person shall , within t h e temple and premises,

sp i t . chew betel , tobacco o r any similar a r t i c l e o r tarrake

o r carry w i t h him any a r t i c l e f o r smoking, o r take with

him fish, eggs, meat,. f lesh, toddy, arrack o r other

intoxicants o r any other a r t i c l e o r animal inappropriate

according to custom and usage t o be introduced i n to t h e

temple.

9. No person sha l l enter the Belikkalpura, Valimpalam,

Nalambalcm, o r the Elamatil, which i n some temples takes

t h e place of a Nalampalm, w i t h any coat, s h i r t , vest or

such other garment, except women who may wear t h e i r usual

dress. No head dress sha l l be worn except by those who are

allowed t o do so by custom and usage obtaining i n the

temple. No one sha l l take therein any cloth-umbrella,

kerosene- l igh t , or o t h e r article i n a p p r o p r i a t e to be

i n t r o d u c e d i n t o such p l a c e s b y custom or usage. I n

temples where t h e above r e s t r i c t i o n s o b t a i n even i n

r e g a r d t o e n t e r i n g w i t h i n t h e compound wa l l s , t h e s a w

s h a l l be observed.

10. (1) N o one s h a l l e n t e r t h e p o r t i o n s of a temple

specified i n t h e l a s t p reced ing r u l e w i t h o u t having,

i n accordance w i t h custom and usage, ba thed , and w i t h o u t

t h e customary cas temark and wi thou t wearing c l e a n c l o t h e s

of such m a t e r i a l and i n such manner as may be customary

i n t h e temple concerned.

( 2 ) No one excep t a Hindu s h a l l e n t e r a t a n k

appur t enan t t o a temple: and e v e r y p e r s o n p e r m i t t e d to

e n t e r a t a n k s h a l l obey such d i r e c t i o n s as may be g i v e n

b y t h e Chief Of f i c e r of t h e Devaswwn concerned. The

d i r e c t i o n of t h e Chief officer of t h e Devaswom s h a l l

p r e v a i l u n t i l set aside by a h ighe r a u t h o r i t y ,

( 3 ) Tanks reserved for t h e e x c l u s i v e u s e of p a r t i c u l a r

f u n c t i o n a i r e s of t h e temple s h a l l c o n t i n u e to be so observed.

11. R e s t r i c t i o n s a s t o e n t r y and worship, which accord ing

t o usage and custom a p p l y t o a l l communities a l i k e , s h a l l

c o n t i n u e to apply.

12. N o one s h a l l i n t e r r u p t t h e worship i n a temple by

l o u d c o n v e r s a t i o n or o t h e r demons t ra t ion which would

d e r o g a t e from t h e so l emni ty and t h e p r o p e r atmosphere of

t h e temple.

13. It s h a l l n o t be l a w f u l t o any p e r s o n to use t h e

temple b u i l d i n g s and premises f o r pu rposes n o t connected

w i t h or a r i s i n g from t h e worship, usages and observances

of such temples.

14. No one s h a l l do any a c t which w u l d t e n d to d e r o g a t e

from t h e p u r i t y and t h e c l e a n l i n e s s of t h e temple and i ts

premises.

15. If any doubt a r i s e s i n regard t o t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y

of, or conformi ty to, any of t h e s e p r o v i s i o n s , t h e

d e c i s i o n of t h e Chief Officer of t h e Devaswan concerned

s h a l l p r e v a i l u n t i l set a s i d e by a h i g h e r a u t h o r i t y .

16. It s h a l l be l awfu l for t h e Chief Off icer of t h e

D e v a s m concerned t o direct t h a t any p e r s o n who con t r avenes

or is s u s p e c t e d or b e l i e v e d b y t h e Chief Officer of t h e

Devaswom to have cont ravened any of t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h e s e

r u l e s , or d i sobeys any l a w f u l d i r e c t i o n given by him, sha l l

remove himself from t h e temple, and i n c a s e such person

does n o t so remove h imse l f , t o cause him to be removed

from t h e temple. In case he resists such removal, o r

i n case when asked t o give h i s name and address, he

refuses t o do so or gives information which is not

believed t o be t rue he sha l l be l i ab l e t o be arrested and

removed by any Police off icer , not below t h e rank of a

Head Constable and t o be dea l t w i t h a s i f he had been

arrested under section 38 of the Code of Criminal

Procedure.

17. I f any person contravenes any of the provisions of

these rules, or disobeys any direction lawfully given i n

pursuance thereof, and there by renders necessary any

purif icatory ceremonies, according to t h e customs and

usages of t h e temple, such person sha l l be l i a b l e to pay

the cost of t h e necessary purificatory ceremonies a t t h e

approved ra tes and the scme sha l l be recoverable from him

a s arrears of public or land revenue or otherwise.

A person t h u s contravening or disobeying shal l , besides

being subject t o any penalty t o which he may be l i ab l e

under any other law, be a lso punishable on conviction by

a Magistrate with imprisonment of e i ther description for a

term which may extend t o three months o r w i t h f ine o r with

both.

18. No prosecution under these rules sha l l be except on

a complaint by a Gazetted Officer having jur isdict ion i n

respect of the temple.

19. No action sha l l l i e against any Devaswwn Officer

o r other public servant who bonafide does any a c t i n

pursuance of these rules, and no action i n a Criminal

Court sha l l l ie without Sanction of Government.

20. I n case of any doubt or dispute regarding the

in terpre ta t ion or the carrying out of any provisions of

these rules. the decision of t h e Dewan there on sha l l be

f ina l .

21. I n cases of emergencies and unforeseen d i f f i c u l t i e s

t h a t may a r i s e i n carrying out the provisions and objects

of the aforesaid proelmation o r of these rules, t h e

Dewan sha l l be competent to pass such orders a s he may

deem f i t .

SIGN MANUAL

Source: The Travancore Govt. Gazette.

Vol.mIV. No.15, dated November 24, 1936, pp.335-337

APPENDIX NO. 5

MADRAS ACT NO: XX OF 1938

(The Malabar Temple E n t r y A c t , 1938)

Received t h e a s s e n t o f t h e Governor on t h e 1 8 t h January 1939,

F i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n t h e F o r t S t . George G a z e t t e on t h e 7 t h

February 19 39.

An A c t to remove t h e d i s a b i l i t k s of c e r t a i n c l a s s e s of Hindus

i n r e g a r d t o e n t r y i n t o temples i n t h e district o f M~alabar.

WHEREAS t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s of c e r t a i n c l a s s e s o f Hindus

i n r e g a r d to e n t r y i n t o temples i n t h e d i s t r i c t of Malabar.

WHEREAS t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s imposed by custom and usage

o n c e r t a i n c l a s s e s o f Hindus i n r e s p e c t of t h e i r e n t r y i n t o ,

and o f f e r i n g worship i n , Hindu t emples . shou ld be removed,

AND WHEREAS, however, doub t s have been e n t e r t a i n e d

whether t h e t r u s t e e s of such temples have t h e power i n law

t o make any such i n n o v a t i o n i n p r a c t i c e ,

AND WHEREAS it is j u s t and exped ien t t h a t t h e s e doub t s

s h o u l d be removed nnd t h e t r u s t e e s shou ld be empowered b y

l aw t o ex tend to a l l c l a s s e s of Hindus t h e r i g h t of e n t r y

i n t o , and worship i n , temples i f t h e Hindus i n t h e l o c a l i t y

who a r e now e n t i t l e d t o such e n t r y a r e g e n e r a l l y i n f a v o u r

of such ex t ens ion ,

AND WHEREAS, fu r the r , such extension of r i g h t s and

p r i v i l e g e s i n Hindu temples t o c l a s s e s h i t h e r t o excluded

has been r e c e n t l y ordered and peacefu l ly brought i n t o e f f e c t

i n one p a r t of Kerala, and by reason of common t r a d i t i o n s

and i d e n t i t y of language, customs, forms of worship and t h e

l i k e t h e removal of t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s a fo resn id has been no t

on ly more i n s i s t e n t l y demanded, b u t a l s o made more easy of

accomplishment i n t h e f i r s t ins tance , i n another p a r t of

Kerala,

It is hereby enacted a s follows:-

(1) T h i s A c t may be c a l l e d t h e Malabar

Shor t t i t l e Temple Entry Act, 1938

and ex ten t (2) It extends t o t h e whole o f t h e

D i s t r i c t of Malabar.

Def in i t ions

Madras A c t I1

of 1927

I n t h i s A c t , un less t h e r e is anything

repugnant i n t h e s u b j e c t o r con tex t - (1) 'Board' means t h e Board of

Commissioners c o n s t i t u t e d under

s e c t i o n 10 of t h e Madras Hindu Rel ig ions

Endowments A c t , 1926, o r any o t h e r

a u t h o r i t y i n which t h e powers and

func t ions of t h e s a i d Board i n r e s p e c t

of a temple may f o r t h e t i m e being

be vested;

( 2 ) 'excluded c l a s s ' means any c a s t e o r c l a s s o f

t h e Hindu community which, by reason of any e s t ab l i shed

usage o r custom, i s excluded from enter ing t h e temple

concerned, or which, though admitted i n t o t h e p r ec inc t s of

t h e temple, i s not allowed e n t r y i n t o any p a r t of t h e

temple where t h e bulk of t h e worshippers a r e allowed.

( 3 ) 'Prescribed ' means prescr ibed by r u l e s made

under s ec t i on 9:

( 4 ) 'Temple' means a place, by whatever des ignat ion

known, w h i c h i s used a s a p lace of pub l i c

worship by t h e Hindu community genera l ly except

excluded c l a s s e s and which was a t any t i m e

Madras assessed t o con t r ibu t ion under s e c t i o n 69 of t h e

A c t 1927 Madras Hindu Rel ig ious Endowments A c t , 1926, on

an annual income of not less than Rs.5,000: and

i n any context w i t h r e fe rence t o en t ry s h a l l

mean every p a r t of t h e temple which i s bpen to

t h e bulk of t h e worshippers.

Provided t h a t any temple which has been before t h e

1st of Apri l 1938 declared by f i n a l decree o r order of a

competent cou r t to be p r i v a t e property o r accepted by t h e

Board t o be p r i v a t e property s h a l l not be a temple f o r t h e

ppurposes of this A c t :

Provided f u r t h e r t h a t any temple i n r e s p e c t of which

a q u e s t i o n a s t o whether it i s p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y has been

a l r e a d y r a i s e d i n a s u i t i n a c o u r t o f l a w o r i n an a p p l i c a t i o n

b e f o r e t h e Board r e g i s t e r e d b e f o r e t h e 1st o f A p r i l 1938, t h e

temple s h a l l n o t be deemed t o be a temple f o r t h e purposes

o f t h i s A c t u n t i l t h e f i n a l d e c i s i o n i n such a proceeding,

and t h e r e a f t e r , it s h a l l n o t be, or s h a l l be, a temple f o r t h e

s a i d purposes accord ing a s t h e f i n a l d e c i s i o n d e c l a r e s o r

a c c e p t s t h e temple to be p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y o r not:

( 5 ) ' t rustee ' means a pe r son by whatever d e s i g n a t i o n

known, i n whom t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f a temple i s ves ted ,

whether i n a h e r e d i t a r y c a p a c i t y o r not:

(6) 'Voters' means t h e Hindu Voters, o t h e r t h a n t h o s e

belonging t o excluded c l a s s e s , on t h e e l e c t o r a l r o l l of t h e

Madras L e g i s l a t i v e Assembly f o r t h e t i m e be ing i n force r e l a -

t i n g t o t h e g e n e r a l c o n s t i t u e n c y of t h e revenue t a l u k i n

which t h e temple is s i t u a t e d includinr l t h e m i n i c i p a l a r e a s

t h e r e i n , who a r e i n c l u d e d i n a list p repa red under t h e r u l e s

made under s e c t i o n 9: and

(7 ) 'Worship' means such r e l i g i o u s service a s t h e b u l k

o f t h e worsh ippers p a r t i c i p a t e i n , i n accordance w i t h t h e

p r o v i s i o n s o f such r e g u l a t i o n s a s may be made by t h e t r u s t e e s

f o r t h e maintenance of o r d e r and c l e a n l i n e s s and t h e due

observance of t h e r e l i g i o u s r i t e s and ceremonies performed

i n t h e temple.

3(1) On r e c e i p t by t h e t r u s t e e s o f a temple

o f a r e q u i s i t i o n i n w r i t i n g s i g n e d by n o t

less t h a n f i f t y wters r e q u e s t i n g them t o

Requisition throw open t h e temple to p e r s o n s belonging

to trustees t o excluded c l a s s e s , t h e t r u s t e e s s h a l l

t o throw forward ttre r e q u i s i t i o n t o t h e P r o v i n c i a l

Open tenples Government and t h e P r o v i n c i a l Government s h a l l

thereupon d i r e c t t h e t r u s t e e s t o refer t h e

c l a s s e s m a t t e r t o t h e v o t e r s and a s c e r t a i n t h e i r

o p i n i o n by v o t e s t a k e n by t h e p r e s c r i b e d method:

Provided t h a t i f t h e P r o v i n c i a l Government a r e of

o p i n i o n t h a t t h e r e q u i s i t i o n i s n o t made f o r t h e f u r t h e r a n c e

o f t h e o b j e c t s of t h i s A c t , t h e y may direct t h a t no a c t i o n

be t aken thereon.

( 2 ) Where on such r e f e r e n c e t h e r e s u l t i s found by a

m a j o r i t y o f t h e v o t e s to be i n favour o f throwing t h e temple

open to p e r s o n s belonging t o excluded c l a s s e s , t h e t r u s t e e s

s h a l l p u b l i s h i n t h e p r e s c r i b e d manner an order t o t h e effect

t h a t t h e temple s h a l l t h e r e a f t e r be open t o p e r s o n s be longing

t o excluded c l a s s e s .

4. (1) Not withstanding any law, custom o r

usage to t h e cont rary , it s h a l l be open to t h e

t r u s t e e s of a temple to publ ish i n t h e . prescr ibed manner a no t i ce t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t

Of they propose t o make an o rder throwing t h e temple trustees open t o persons belonging to excluded c lasses .

to Such no t ice s h a l l a l s o s t a t e t h a t objec t ions t o

notice Of t h e proposal may be p re f e r r ed t o t h e trustees pro?0sa1 a t any time wi th in one month from t h e da t e of t h e

throw pub l ica t ion of t h e notice.

open

temples t o ( 2 ) If wi th in one month from t h e d a t e of t h e

excluded pub l ica t ion of t h e no t i ce r e f e r r e d t o i n sub-

c lasses . s e c t i o n (1) Writ ten ob jec t ions t o t h e proposal

a r e p r e f e r r ed by no t less than f i f t y voters , t h e

same s h a l l be forwarded t o t h e P rov inc ia l

Government, and t h e r e a f t e r , on a d i r e c t i o n from them, t h e

ques t ion w h e t h e r t h e temple s h a l l o r s h a l l no t be thkown

open t o persons belonging t o exclcded c l a s s e s s h a l l be r e f e r r e d

f o r t h e opinion of t h e vo t e r s a s i f a r e q u i s i t i o n had been

received under sub-section (1) of Sect ion 3.

3. If i n any case where ac t i on under sub-section (1)

is taken by t h e t r u s t e e s , no ob jec t ion a s s p e c i f i e d i n

sub-section ( 2 ) is pre fe r red , o r i f on a re fe rence made under

sub-section ( 2 1 , t h e r e s u l t i s found t o be i n favour o f

throwing t h e temple open t o persons belonging to excluded

c l a s se s , t h e trustees s h a l l publ ish i n t h e p resc r ibed

manner an o rde r t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e temple s h a l l t h e r e a f t e r

be open t o persons belonging t o excluded c lasses .

5. The Provincia l Government may, a t any t h e ,

be fore t h e resul ts of any re fe rence to t h e v o t e r s a r e

announced, o rder t h a t a l l f u r t h e r ac t ion i n r e spec t of such

r e f e r ence s h a l l be suspended and upon s u c h o rde r a l l previous

proceedings r e l a t i n g there t o s h a l l be deemed t o have been

cancel led.

Power of

t r u s t e e s t o

throw open

temples t o

excluded

c l a s s e s

without

re fe rence t o

vo t e r s i n

c e r t a i n cases.

6. Where on a re fe rence made to t h e vo t e r s

under sub-section (1) of s ec t i on 3 o r sub-

s ec t i on (2 ) of s ec t i on 4 t h e r e s u l t i s found

t o be i n favour of throwing a temple open t o

persons belonging t o excluded c lasses , t h e

t r u s t e e s of any o the r temple s i t u a t e d ' i n t h e

scme revenue ta luk , wi th in two years from

t h e da te of such reference, may of t h e i r own

motion and s h a l l on r e c e i p t of a r e q u i s i t i o n

i n w r i t i n g signed by not less than f i f t y

vo te r s , publ ish i n t h e p resc r ibed manner an

o rder t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e temple s h a l l be

open t o persons belonging t o excluded c lasses .

7. Where an order has been p u b l i s h e d under

E f f e c t o f sub-sec t ion (2) of s e c t i o n 3, on sub-sec t ion

o r d e r under ( 3 ) of s e c t i o n 4, o r s e c t i o n 6 , it s h a l l be

s e c t i o n lawful , n o t w i th s t and ing any custom o r usage

3 ( 2 ) , 4 (3) t o t h e c o n t r a r y , f o r any person belonging t o

o r 6. excluded c l a s s e s t o e n t e r t h e temple concerned

and p a r t i c i p a t e i n worship t h e r e i n .

8. Where on a r e f e r e n c e made t o t h e voters

under sub-sec t ion (1) o f s e c t i o n 3 or sub-

s e c t i o n (2) of s e c t i o n 4, t h e r e s u l t is found

F resh t o be a g a i n s t throwing t h e temple open t o

p roceed ings pe r sons b c l o r ~ g i n g to excluded c l a s s e s , no

n o t t o be f u r t h e r p roceedings s h a l l be t a k e n e i t h e r under

t a k e n i n su5 - sec t ion (1 ) o f s e c t i o n 3 o r under sub-

c e r t a i n s e c t i o n ( 1 ) o f s e c t i o n 4 f o r a p e r i o d of t w o

c a s e s . y e a r s from t h e d a t e of such r e f e r e n c e i n r e s p e c t

o f such temple o r any o t h e r temple i n t h e same

revenue t a luk .

Rules

9 . (1 ) The P r o v i n c i a l Government may make r u l e s

f o r t h e purposes o f c a r r y i n g i n t o effect t h e

p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s A c t .

( 2 ) Without p r e j u d i c e t o t h e g e n e r a l i t y of

the foregoing power t h e P r o v i n c i a l Government

may make r u l e s -

( a ) W i t h r e f e r e n c e t o all m a t t e r s al lowed t o be p r e s c r i b e d

by t h i s A c t :

(b) A s t o t h e form and p r e s e n t a t i o n of t h e r e q u i s i t i o n s and

o b j e c t i o n s r e f e r r e d t o i n sub-sect ion (1) of S e c t i o n 3,

s e c t i o n 4 and s e c t i o n 6:

(c) a s to t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f orders and n o t i c e s by t r u s t e e s ;

(d l a s to t h e me thod by which t h e op in ion o f t h e v o t e r s s h a l l

be a s c e r t a i n e d :

( e ) a s to t h e p r e p a r a t i o n and p u b l i c a t i o n o f l is ts o f v o t e r s ,

and t h e d e c i s i o n of a l l d i s p u t e s which may a r i s e i n , connec t ion t h e r e with: and

(£1 a s t o t h e d e c i s i o n o f a l l d i s p u t e s which may a r i s e i n

respect o f r e q u i s i t i o n s and o b j e c t i o n s from v o t e r s under

s e c t i o n s 3, 4 and 6 o r i n respect o f r e f e r e n c e s to voters

under s e c t i o n s 3 and 4 and t h e a sce r t a inmen t and p u b l i c a t i o n

o f t h e r e s u l t s o f such r e f e r e n c e s .

( 3 ) A l l r u l e s made under t h i s s e c t i o n s h a l l be p u b l i s h e d i n

t h e O f f i c i a l g a z e t t e and on such p u b l i c a t i o n s h a l l have

effect a s i f enac t ed i n t h i s A c t .

(10) I f any d i f f i c u l t y a r i s e s i n g i v i n g e f f e c t to t h e p r o v i s i o n s

o f t h i s A c t t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government,

Power t o a s occas ion r e q u i r e s , may order t h e

remove doing o f anything necessary f o r t h e

d i f f i c u l t i e s . purpose of removing t h e d i f f i c u l t y .

11. (1) I f any quest ion a r i s e s a s t o whether a p l ace is or

i s not a temple a s defined i n t h i s

A c t t h e quest ion s h a l l be r e f e r r e d

f o r the dec i s ion of t h e P rov inc ia l

Government and t h i s dec is ion s h a l l be

f i na l .

Power t o

decide

disputes .

( 2 ) T h e Provincia l Government s h a l l have power to exempt

from t h e provis ions of t h i s A c t such i n s t i t u t i o n s as, i n

t h e i r opinion, a r e i n t h e nature of family temples and

may be exempted without p re jud ice t o t h e ob j ec t s of t h i s

A c t .

12 . I n Sect ion 40 of t h e Madras Hindu Rel ig ious Endowments

A c t , 1926, t h e words and f i g u r e s

Amendment

of s ec t i on

40, Madras

A c t I1 of 1927.

"Subject to t h e p rov i s ions of t h e

Mnlabar Temple Entry A c t , 1938", s h a l l

be i n s e r t e d a t t h e Commencement.

Source: The Madras Code, Vol.IV, S ix th Ed. (Govt. Press, Madras, 1941) Pp.595 t o 599.

.'.€I CI:CI;C !JU. 6

IL'iD!?I.S ACT PJO: Y3II of 1q39

(9h.e Madras Tenlple E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n

and Inrlernnity iict, 1939)

(Recieved t h e a s s e n t of t h e Governor - General on t h e 4 t h

September 1939, f i rs t publ i shed i n F o r t S t . George G a z e t t e on

t h e 1 1 t h September 1939).

An A c t to a u t h o r i s e and indemni ty trustees, o f f i c e r s and

o t h e r persons i n r e s p e c t of e n t r y i n t o and o f f e r o f worship i n

Hindu temples by c e r t a i n c l a s s e s o f Hindus who by custom or

usage a r e excluded from such e n t r y and worship.

WHJ3REAS t h e r e has been a grawing volume o f P u b l i c

Opinion demanding t h e removal of t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s imposed

by custom and usage on c e r t a i n c l a s s e s of Hindus i n r e s p e c t

o f t h e i r e n t r y i n t o and o f f e r i n g worship i n Hindu Temples;

AND WHEREAS it is j u s t and d e s i r a b l e t o a u t t l o r i s e t h e

t r u s t e e s o r o t h e r a u t h o r i t i e s i n c h a r g e of such temples t o

throw t h e m open t o , and permit , p e r s o n s be longing to t h e

s a i d c l a s s e s t o e n t e r i n t o and o f f e r worship i n such temples,

and t h a t no pe r son should s u f f e r any c i v i l o r c r i m i n a l p e n a l t y

o r d i s advan tage by r ea son o f a n y t h i n g Bone i n connec t ion w i t h

such e n t r y and worship;

AKD ;D\WEREAS a s i t u a t i o n has a r i s e n i n t h e c i t y o f Madura

and elsewhere i n the Province o f Madras i n which it has become

neces sa ry to idemnify artd o f f i c e r s of Government, t r u s t e e s .

P r i e s t s i n d e m n i f ~ and o t h e r pe r sons in . r e s p e c t o f a c t s done, . s t e p s taken on a l l e g e d f a i l u r e o f d u t y on tile 8 t h day of

J u l y 1939 and t h e r e a f t e r t h e n a t u r e a f o r e s a i d ;

mhor t I t i s hereby enac t ed a s follows:- t i t l e 1. and (1) Thi s A c t may be c a l l e d t h e Madras Temple e x t e n t

E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n and Indemnity A c t , 1939,

( 2 ) I t ex tends t o t h e Whole of t h e Frovince of

Madras..

I ndemni f i ca t ion No o f f i c e r of Government, no e x e c u t i v e of &f Eicers 2. and o t h e r a u t h o r i t y , o f f i c e r o r s e r v a n t o f any ~ o c a l p e r s o n s f o r c e r t a i n a c t s . Board o r Munic ipa l i ty , no t r u s t e e . o f f i c e r etc.

o r o t h e r a u t h o r i t y c o n s t i t u t e d or a c t i n g under

t h e Madras Hindu R e l i g i o u s Endowments A c t , 1926

o r any o t h e r law, no p r i e s t o r pe r son o f f i c i a t i n g

a s such and no pe r son e n t e r i n g o r o f f e r i n g worsh ip

o r o r a c t i n g under t h e a u t h o r i t y of

of such o f f i c e r , servant,

a u t h o r i t y , t r u s t e e , p r i e s t o r pe r son o f f i c i a t i n g

shall be prosecu ted , sued o r o t h e r w i s e proceeded

a g a i n s t i n f e s p e c t o f any a c t done or s t e p t a k e n

o r any a l l e q ~ l l f a i l u r ~ of Guty on t h e 8 t h day

of j u l y 1939 or on a n y s u h s e q u e n t d a t e u p t o

t h e commencement o f t h i s A c t , i n f u r t h e r a n c e

o f , o r i n c o n n e x t i o n Wi th t h e e n t r y i n t o and

o f f e r o f w o r s h i p i n t h e Sr i . Meenakshi

Sundareswarar . tr,mnple i n t h e c i t y o f Madura

o r a n y o t h e r Hindu temple i n t h e p r o v i n c e of

Nadras by a n y p e r s o n b e l o n g i n g t o c l a s s e s o f

Hindus h i t h e r t o exc lude i l by c u s t o m o r u s a g e

f rom s u c h e n t r y o r worship ;

a v l a13 o f f i c e r s , ~ e r v a n t s , i ' u t h o r i t i e s

t r u s t e e s , F r i e s t s and o t h e r p e r s o n s a f o r e s a i d

a r e l ie reby i n d e m n i f i e i l and d i s c h a r g e d f rom

a l l - 1 i a b i l i l ; y i n r ~ s p e c t o f a l l s u c h acts,

s t e p s arid a l l e g e d f a i l u r e o f d u t y .

3. I f i n t h ~ o p i n i o n o f t h e t r u s t e e or

Throwing n t l w r a r l t l ~ o r i t y i n c l i a rqe of a n y Hindu open, o f t e m p l e s i n ten1pl.e i n t h e pr:@vince o f kladras t h e w o r s h i p e r s c e r i a i n . c i r c u r r ~ s t a n c c s nf eucli temple ?re g e n e r a l l y n o t opposed t o

tllc r r ~ m o v a l o f t h e d i s a b i l i t y i n p o s e d by

c~. ie tom or u s a g e cn c e r t a i n classes o f h'indus

i n r e g a r d t o e n t r y i n t o o r o f f e r o f w o r s h i p

i n s u c h t ~ n p l o , s u c h a t r u s t e e or o t h e r

du th0r i t . y nny w i t h t h e a p p r o v a l o f t h e p r o v i n c i a l

Government anrl n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g a n y t h i n g

c o n t a i n e d i n t h e Fla(1rss Hindu R e l i g i o u s

Endowment. A c t , 1926, o r any otherlaw,throw open the tauple t o such slasses and there a f t e r persons belonging t o mash c laases shall have the r i g h t to e n t e r i n t o and offer worship i n mah taplet

Provided t h a t i n t h e ease of tho temples '

specified i n t h e shedule to t h i s A c t and, o ther Hindu t a a p l w i n t h e province whieh have been thrown open to t h e classes a f o r r s a i d before the aomenccmmrtof t h i s A c t , such epproval shall not ba r a q P i r d and t h e said teaplea sh.llba deemed to have thrown open to t h e e lasses a fo re r a id under t h e pror is iona of thls section.

Bxplanatioa8- If more persons than o w a r e tha trustmor or c o n r t i t u t e t h e other au thor i ty i n charqa of tho temple, a majori ty of them @ h a l l be e n t l t l e d t o decide and a c t i n terms of t h i s section.

4. uo p e n o n who en te r s o r offers worship i n any temple thrown open o r deemed to be thtown open under the provioions of sect ion 3 s h a l l by reanon onby of such ent ry or worship b. deemed to have ~onra i t t sd a* actionable wrong or offence o r be sued o r prosectltQQ therefore.

5. loo s u i t f o r dampes, injunction on declarat ion o r f o t any other relief, no promecution f o r any offence, and no appl icat ion o r other procwbing under the Madras Hindu Religiou8 Endowments A c t , 1926, or any other law s h a l l be i n s t i t u t e d i n respect of ontry into. or worship i n any tample thrown open or deeaed to have been thtown open under section3, on the ground t h a t such e n t r y o r worship is against t h a usage o r custom whieh excludes c e r t a i n cla8aes

of Hindus from such ent ry o r worshipt and no

s u i t o r other procaebing sM11 ba i n s t i t u t e d

i n respect of such enhry o r worship on t h e

ground t h a t there has been any l r r e g u l a r l t y

o r f a i l u r e i n complying w i t h the provisions of

sect ion 3, without the previous sanction of

the provincial Governmoot. #o su i t .

prosecution, eppl icat ion o r proceebing of

t h e nature aforesaid i n s t i t u t e 3 before tha

Cormnencemant of t h i s A c t aha l l be coatlnued

there a f t e r without the sanction of the

provincial Government.

6. I n sect ion 40 of the Madras Hindu Religious

Endowments A c t , 1926, after t h e words and

figures "sulject t o the provisions of tho

Malabar Temple Entry A c t , 1938" t h e words

and f igures "and t h e Madras Tenrple Entry

Authorisation and fndemnity A c t , 1939" 8h.11

SCHEDULE . ( see ~ r o v i s o c t i o n 31

Sri . Meenakshi'Sundareswarar temple, Madras.

Sri . mdala lagar temple, Madurai.

Sri . Sundararajaperurnal temple. Valayapatti, Meluer, Meluer

taluk. Hadura d i s t r i c t .

Sri. Kalamegaperurnal temple, Tirumohur, Madura taluk, Madura

d i s t r i c t .

Sri . Brahadeeswarar temple, Tanjore.

S r i . Tirukuttualanathaswami temple, Courtallam, Tenkasi

Taluk, Tinnevelly d i s t r i c t .

Sr i . K a s i Visvanathaswami temple, Tenkasi, Tenkasi taluk,

Tinnevelly d i s t r i c t .

Source: Government of Madras - Legal Department, The Madras Code,

VOL. U& s i x t h ad., Government press, Madras,, 1941) pp-136-

38..

R

APPENDIX-No.7

MADRAS HINDU TEMPLE ENTRY EISABILITIES REMOVAL ACT,1938 .......................................................

Where a s it 3 s i n c r e a s i n g l y f e l t by t h e Hindu community

t h a t t h e d j s a b i l i t i e s imposed by custom and usage on c e r t a i n

c l a s s e s o f Hindus i n r e s p e c t of e n t r y i n t o t h e i r temples should

be removed;

AND 'IJHEREAS doub t s h3ve been e n t e r t a i n e d whether t r u s t e e s i

and o t h e r s i n charge o f management ef such tem:lles have power

t o make any innova t ion c o n t r a r y t o t h e e s t a b l i s h e d custom o r

usage c f t h e temples;

AND WEREAS it i s e5tpedient t h a t t h e l a w a s admin i s t e r ed

by t h e c o u r t s should no l o n q e r p r e v e n t a t r u s t e e from al lo*ing

t o any c l a s s o f Hindus, who mioht h ~ v e been exclvded from a ,

temple under h i s m a n a g e ~ e n t , e n t r y i n t o such temple, i f t h e

Hindu Community i n t h e l o c a l i t y js g e n e r a l l y minded t o a l l o w

such entry:

S h o r t (1) f t is hereby enac t ed a s follows:- t i t l e and (1) T h i s A c t may be c a l l e d t h e Madras Hindu e x t e n t

Temple E n t r y D i s a b i l i t i e s Removal A c t , 1938.

( 2 ) It ex tends t o t h e whole of t h e provi.nce

of Madras.

2 I n t h i s A c t , u n l e s s t h e r e is any th ing repugnant

i n t h e s u b j e c t o r con tex t -

(1) 'Board' means t h e Board of Commissioners

C o n s t i t u t e d under s e c t i o n 10 o f t h e Madras

( 2 ) Excluded C a s t e means any c a s t e o r c l a s s o f

t h e Hindu Conanunity e x c l u d e d by r e a s o n o f

e s t a b l l s h e d u s a g e of c u s t o v frnm e n t e r i n g

a temple;

( 3 ) 'Temple' means ? p l a c e , b y wha t ever

d e s i g a n a t i o n known, u s e d a s a r i g h t , as a

p l a c e of p u b l i c w o r s h i p by t h e Hindu

Community g e n e r a l l y e x c e p t t h e e x c l u d e d

c a s t e s ;

( 4 ) ' T r u s t e e ' mPans a p e r s o n by w h a t e v e r

d e s i g n a t t o n known, i n who t h e s d m i n i s t r a t i n n

o f a t e m p l e i s v e s t e d :

(5) ' V o t e r s ' meant - ( a ) When u s e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a t e m p l e

h a v j n g an a n n i ~ a l income of ~s.500/- and

above , t h e Hindu v o t e r s i n t h e electoral

rol l nf t h e C o r p o r a t i o n of t h e Ciky o f

Madras o r i n t h e l e c t o r a l r o l l of a

Munic ipa l l t y , o r a ' D i s t r i c t Board or a

P a n c h a y a t or a V i l l a g e P a n c h a y a t Board,

or a n y o t h e r s i m i l a r l o c a l a u t h o r i t y ,

c o n s t i t u t e d u n d e r t h e Madras L o c a l Boards

A c t , 1920 , w i t h i n t h e a r e a of w h l ch I t

i s s i t u a t e d and,

(b) When used i n c o n n e c t j o n w i t h a temple

h a v i n g an a n n u a l income of less t h a n

Rs.500/-, Tthe Hindu Voters i n t h e electoral

r o l l of t h e F,lunicipal d i v i s i o n i n t h e

c i t y cr t h e Municipal wafd i n t h e Municiapl

a r e a i n t h e mvfassal o r t h e panchaya t

a r e a w i t h i n which j t is s i t u a t e d .

En t ry o f excluded 3 ( 1 ) A f t e r t h e commencement o f t h i s A c t , c a s t e s i n t o temples t o h e decided by a w r i t t e n r e q u i s i t i o n s igned b y n o t r e f e r e n c e t o t h e g e n e r a l body o f less than f i f t y v o t e r s may be made vo te r s .

t o tho trlrstee of a temple a s k l n g

him t h a t t h e q u e s t i o n -f throwlng

open t h e temple t o any excluded c a s t e

may b e r e f e r r e d f o r d e c i s i o n t o t h e

gene ra l body o f voers.

(21 Upon such r e q u i s i t j o n , t h e t r u s t e e

s h a l l f o r t h w i t h r e f e r t h e q u e s t i o n

t o t h e v o t e r s f . - r d e c j s i o n i.n t h e

manner p re sc r ibed .

( 3 ) The d e c i s i o n of a m a j o r i t y o f t h e

v o t e r s who have r eco rded t h e i r o p i n i o n s

s h a l l be b i n d i n g on t h ? t r u s t e e s o f

t h e temple andon a l l worshippers

t h e r e i n .

( 4 ) 'here t h e d e c i s i o n is i n f a v o u r o f

allowTng t h e e n t r y of any exeluded

c a s t e i n t o the temple, The T r u s t e e s

s h a l l pub1 i c an o r d e r i n t h e manner

p r e s c r i b e d t h a t t h e excluded c a s t e h h a l l

have a r i g h t of e n t r y j n t o such temple.

E n t r y of 4. ( I ) Not w l t h s t a n d i n g any low, custom o r excluded c a s t e s i n t o usage t o t h e con t r a ry , I t s h a l l be open temples by n o t j ce by t o a t r u s t e e nf any Hindu temple himself t r u s t e e .

t o p u b l i s h i n t h e p r e s c r i b e d manner a

n o t i c e t h a t u n l e s s an ob , jec t ion i s

lodged w i t h him w i t h i n a p e r i o d o f one

month from t h e d a t e pf p u b l i c a t i o n

o f t h e n o t i c e , he w i l l make en o r d e r

allow'ng an excluded c a s t e , r n e n t i o ~ d

by him i n t h e n o t i c e , t o e n t e r I n t o

such temple.

( 2 ) Within one mcnth a f t e r t h e p u b l i c a t i o n

o f such n o t i c e by a t r u s t e e , a w r i t t e n

o b j e c t i o n s i g n e d by n n t less on f i f t y

vokbrs may b e lodged w i t h t h e t r u s t e e ,

o b j e c t i n g t o suchentry . Upon t h e . l o d i r g o f such o b j e c t i o n , t h e q u e s t i o n

whether t h e excluded caste concerned

s h a l l o r s h a l l n o t b e a l lowed e n t r y

i n t o t h e temple s h a l l be r e f e r r e d t o

v o t e r s under sub-sec t ion ( 2 ) o f

S e c t i o n 3 as i f a r e q u i s j t i o n had been

made under sub-sec t ion (1) of t h a t

s e c t i o n .

- E n t r y o f excluded c a s t e s i n t o temples t o be l awfu l a f t e r p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e o r d e r

( 3 ) The d e c i s i o n of t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e

v o t e r s r eco rd ing t h o i r op in ions s h a l l

b e b ind ing on t h e t r u s t e e and t h e ,

worshippers o f t h e temple.

( 4 ) ?here an o b j e c t i o n h a s been lodged

under sub-sec t i on ( 2 ) and t h e d e c i d i o n

vf t h e m a j o r i t y of t h e v o t e r s r eco rd ing

t h e i r o p i n i o n s i s i n f avour o f a l l owing

t h e n e t r y of t h e excluded c a s t e , i n t o

t h e temple, o r where no o b j e c t i o n is

r a i s e d a f t e r t h e e x p i r y of t h e p e r i o d

mentiorwd i n t h e n o t i c e under sub-seckion

(11, t h e t r u s t e e s h a l l pub1 ic an o r d e r

i n t h e manner p r e s c r i b e d t h a t t h e

excluded c a s t e s h a l l have a r i g h t o f

e n t r y t n t o t h e temple.

(5 ) On t h e P u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e p r e s c r i b e d

manner o f an o r d e r b y t h e ~ r u s t e e under

sub-sec t ion ( 4 ) o f S e c t i o n 3 o r sub-sect ion

( 4 ) of s e c t i o n 4 , it s h a l l be l awfu l

f o r any member o f theexcluded c a s t e

r e f e r r e d t o i n such o r d e r t o e n t e r

i n t o t h e temple f o r t h e purpose of

worship t h e r e i n , s u b j e c t t o such g e n e r a l

r e g u l a t i o v s f o r t h e maintenance of o r d e r

and c l ~ a n l j n e s s and t h c due observance

Fresh not ice t o vo t e r s no t t o be mode before t he expiry of one year.

Amendment of sec t ion 40, Madras A c t I1 of 1927.

of the r e l i g i o u s ceremonil-s i n t h e temple

a s Tay bo m-de i n t h a t behalf by t he

t r u s t ee s .

( 6 ) Vhere a re fe rence has been .made t o t he

vo t e r s under sub-section of s ec t i on 3

o r sub-section (2) of s ec t i on 4 and

t he major i ty of vo te r s who have voted

have decided a g a i n s t t he throwing open

ef a temple t o any excluded cas te , no

wr i t t en requ i s t ion under sec t ion 3

s h a l l be mzde nor a no t i ce un'er s ec t i cn

4 be published f o r a period of one year

from the d a t e on which such reference

was made.

(7) I n Sect ion 4 0 of t h e Madras Hindu Religious

Endowments A c t , 1926, t he words 'Subject

t o t he provis ions of t he Madras Hindu

Temple En t r y D i s a b i l i t i e s ~emova i A c t ,

1938 " s h a l l be i n s e r t e d a t t h e commencementn.

(8) Power t o make Regulations:-

The Trus tees of a temple may, with t h e

previous approval of t he Board, make

r-gulations: - (1) f o r the maintenance of o rder and

cl e ~ n l j n e s s jn the temple; and

( 2 ) f o r t h e due observance o f t h e customary

re1 j g inus ceremonies i n t h e temple.

(9) Poxler t o makp rules : -

(1) The P r o v i n c i a l Governmpnt s h a l l have

power t o make r u l e s f n r t h e purpose o f

c a r r y i n g i n t o e f f e c t t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f

t h j s A c t .

( 2 ) !i&thout p r e j u d i c e t o t h e g e n e r a l i t y

o f t h e fo rego ing power, t h e p r o v i s i o n a l

Government s h a l l have power t o make rules

p r e s c r j bing: - (a) The form o f t h e r e q u i s i t i o n by t h e

v o t e r s f r r a referendum, and t h e manner

o f i t s p r e s e n t a t i o n t o t h e t r u s t e e ;

(b) t h e mannor o f p u b l i c a t i o n o f n o t i c e s

and o r d e r s o f t h e t r u s t e e s :

(c) t h ~ methods of o b t a i n i n g t h e op in ions

of t h e v o t e r s : and

( d ) t h e d e c i s i o n o f d i s p u t e s r ega rd ing

t h e a s c e r t a i n m e n t o f such op in ions .

STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS

The Custom o f SegreQat ion of c ~ r t s j n c l a s s e s o f t h e Hindu

Community a s un touchable and t h e s o c i a l d i s a b i l i t i e s t h e y s u f f e r

f r c m have been t h e s l ~ b j p c t o f u n i v e r s a l condemnation. There has

been cont inuous a g i t a t i o n on t h e p a r t o f l o a d e r s of t h e s e c l a s s e s

a s w e l l on t h e p a r t o f r e f e r e n c e among c a s t e Hindu .

To break t h e custom and remove t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s . Recent

e v e n t s have brought t h i s a q i t a t j o n t o a head and t h e r e is a t

p r e s e n t a g r e a t wave of Dk f e e l i r q th roughout I n d i a f o r t h e

removal of d i s a b i l j t i e s nf t h e s e "depressed c l a s s e s " as t h e y

have commonly have been c a l l e d P u b l i c a g i t a t j o n i s s p e c i a l l y

focussed on t h e e x c l u s i o n gf t h e s e c l a s s e s from e n t r y i n t o t h e

o r d i n a r y Hindu temples Blong wl t h c a s t e Hindus. P u b l i c Hindu

temples be ing p l a c e s o f more o r less f r e e and equa l a s s o c i a t i o n

of a l l s e c t i o n s and denominations of c a s t e Hi-ndus i n t h e worship

o f t h e i r common Gods, i t i s f e l t t h a t t h e s e "Depressed c l a s s e s "

should a l s o be g iven t h e r i ~ t i t of e n t r y i n t o t h e s e temples f o r

durposes o f orsh ship. I n sai te o f g r e a t advance i n P u b l i c I

opl.nion e s t a b l i s h e d usagas i s en fo rced a s l awto t h e p r e j u d i c e \ of t h e s e c l a s s e s , and no change on innova t ion is pe rmi t t ed . N o t

o n l y have c o u r t s t r e a t e d t h e e n t r y of members o f t h e s e classes

i n t o Hindu temples a s a d e f i l e m e n t t h e r e o f pun i shab le b y t h e

I n d i a n Pena l Code, b u t doubts have been f e l t a s t o t h e a u t h o r i t y

o f t r u s t e e s i n charge o f temples p e a c e f u l l y to p e r m i t such e n t r y

even lrhen t h e y f e e l t h a t P u b l i c Opinion among t h e worshippers

f avour s such e n t r y . I n t heop in ion o f many t r u s t e e s t h e Law o f

t h e land and s e c t i o n 40 o f t h e Madras Hindu R e l i g i o n s Endowment

A c t 11 of 1927 i n p a r t i c u l a r , s t a n d i n t h e way of any change.

It is , t h e r e f o r e , n e c e s s a r y t o e n a c t a law of a pe rmis s ive

c h a r a c t e r e n a b l i n g the removal of t h e law where local p u b l i c

op in ion fa -?ours such reform.

source: The F o r t St.Georqe G a z e t t e No.7 A p r i l 19, 1938

P a r t I V - proceedings o f Madras L e ~ i S l a t i - e (Government P r e s s , Madras).

A P P E N D W L N O . ~

MADRAS TEMPLE ENTRY AUTrIORISaTTON ACT, 1947.

f i ill t o a u t h o r i s e e n t r y i n t o Hindu temples i n t h e Province

o f Madras and t h e o f f e r o f worship t h e r e i n by c e r t a i n classes of

Hindus who by custom o r usage a r e excluded from such e n t r y and

worship.

IJHLCRFAS it i s t h e p o l i c y o f t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government

t o remove t h e d i s a b i l i t i e s imposed by custom o r usage on c e r t a i n

c l a s s e s o f Hindus a g a i n s t e n t r y i n t o Hindu temples i n t h e p rov ince

which a r e open t o t h e gene-a1 Hicdu p u b l i c )

Madras A c t X X I I o f 1939

AND 'WEREAS t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government

a r e s a t i s f i e d , from t h e r a p i d i t y w i t h

whjch, under p r e s s u r e cf Hindu p u b l i c

op in ion , a number of temnles have been

thrown open t o t h o s e c l a s s e s o f Hindus

i n r e c e n t months, under t h e p r b v i s i o n s

o f t h e Madras Temple En t ry A u t h o r i s a t i o n

and Indemnity A c t , 1939, t h a t t h e t i m e

h a s now a r r i v e d f o r throwing open to

such classes o f Hindus a l l temples

i n t h e p rov ince which a r e open t o t h e

g e n e r a l Hindu publ ic :

ANn ;n-r rRWAs t h e p r o v i n c i a l Government *

c o n s i d e r t h a t t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e

said Act are inadequate fo r the ea r ly

and complete implementation of the

policy of theprovincjal Government

aforesaid: I t i s hereby enacted as

Short t i t l e , 1. (1) T h i s Act may by called the Madras extent and comnen- cement. temple Entry Authorisation A c t , 1947.

(21 I t extends t o the whole of theprovince

of Madras.

(31 This section shal l come in to force a t

once: and the remalningprovisions of

t h i s Act sha l l comes in to force on

such date as the provincial Government

may, by not i f ica t ion i n theFort St.George

Gazette, appoint.

Definitions 2. I n t h i s ac t , unless there i s anything

repugnant i n the subject o r context-

(1) 'excluded class ' means any caste

o r c lass of the Hindu cornunity

whlch, by reason of any established

custom o r usage, i s excluded from

entering the temple concerned o r

offering worship there i n ;

Rjght of excluded c l a s se s t o enter and o f f e r worship i n temples

(2 ) ' templet Inearlei a place, by whatever

nemq known, which is dedicated to, , .

o r f p r .the pep&$ it of , orused a s . .. , . , . . . , .

k f ~ i g h t by, . . khe . Hindu Community

i n ginera!, . , eq a p lace of pub l ic

re l lg toyq yo~qF$p, an4 inc ludes . ., s u b s $ d i a ~ y shrines and yantapams

a t tacbed t a t such , . place,

( 3) 'worship, , . , . means , 611th r e l i g i o u s '. , -

s e r v i c e 'pa t he bulk of t h e , .

worsh*pp?fg may o f f e r , o r p a r t i c i p a t e . ,

i n , I n ecqo~dqnce .. w j t h such r u l e s . ~

, .

andregy l apioq8 a s - may be made ,'I , , .

under , . . t h l n s Act. I . ~

3. 1 Not w i t h s ~ ~ n d i p ~ ' . , , . nay taw, custom , . . .

or usgge . . $0 t h e 'contrary, perons

belonging t o $he excluded c l a s s e s " ,

shalt be enti t led t o e n t e r .any . ,. . . . . . . . . .

Hindu 'temple qnd o f f e r worship . , .

p

t he r e ln j p t h q same manner and to . .

t he ebme 'axtent .. : a s qindus i v

q p n e ~ a l y < . qnd .no membq of any

excluded ciaaa s h a l l , by ' r eason only .. . . .

of s y ~ h e n t r y . . or whrhip, whether

beforq o r a f t e r the conmiencement . . 05 . . thlq A c t , be deemed t o have :. . .

. ,

committed any aot$onable wrong o r offence

power of trustees to4. make regula- t ions f o r the maintance of order and decorum and the due perfor- mahce of r i t e s and cerernonf ea i n temples,

o r be u s ~ d o r prosecuted therefor. , . ., . , ~

( 8 ) without j ~ d i b b t o the generali ty .:

of t h e forgolbq provislqn, it i a . .

hereby decllqrdd , . .-,. that t h e r i g h t conferred . ,

by sub-sect$o4 . '(1) bhall include the . ., , . .

. ' , , . :

follwbng right8 . . ' if, find t o the enltent . ,

t o which, $hey' are epjoy&d by Hindus

i n . generel . , . ~ . not: belahgtng to the ,. , . . , . A . ..

I

excluded r14smb!i!~ . .. . . ,. '

, . ' . , ., .

(a) the' . . r t g h t ' t o , . , bat;& i n ; o r use the

waters of, . . > a q ~ ' . ? a c ~ ! ~ d ' t a ? k , . . . . 3 well, . ,

~ p r i n g OF water qoprqe , . , appurtenant t o , . ,',' . .

fhe temple, wljtther :. r i tuated . ' within

o r Outside the prec+qcta, thereoft . . , .

(b? the Fight: pf , pggegga . , , . . , , , over , , . , any sacred I ...

place, +nqlud!ng . e ' ~ i 1 1 . ._,( br t ~ i l l o c k o r a

road, .~ . street , o r . . path way, wpich i s > i

r eqq i s i t I fo r : a b t a i ~ i n ~ access tb the !; " . . . ' . ,

temple. , .

The .trustee o r other authority i n charge , ,

, > . .

~f a temple shall ha& power, sub3ect to . 0 , . , .

the control of fheprovinclal . , . Government

and . . : . t o any yu)aa whl~bniky be made by . , i - .. . .

them, t o make ~ e g u l q t i o n s . f o r the

mgintenan6e . . . of order and, decorum i n

the temple and the due abservance

of the r e l i g i ~ u ~ . . . rl$pe . , pnd ceremonies

performed i n . the ternpie, . . but such . yeguiatlona sha l l not d$eorimj,nate ..;,: ,

. . ., I n any way against thg members of

the excludcq clas@es.

,

sanction for 5. (1) Qo s u i t f o r damegee, +njunction o r , , . , . ins t i tu t ion

o r centinuance beclarqtioh pF for bny:toerh r e l i e f , of s u i t s , "

prosecutions no pr~secu t i on , . ? . for any . , offence, and etc. . .

no a p p l i c g t l ~ n . . or . . ther proceeding

und~r . , the , Ygdra? Hindu Peligiour , ! ; , .

I . I. . . ,

Ispdowment A?$, lgag, , ,:. , .. o r pny other

Jew, sha l l be irletgtuted . . $n respect

'qny temple, whether before of a f t e r h.

the commepcerpant of t h i s A c t , on

the sole ground . . . , t ~ a t . r . such . , . . entry

o r worship je agi!$rji3t . . , the . cusfom or

usage which exclydsb cgrtain classes

of Hindus f ~ o m such entry o r worship. < *

( 2 ) No s u i t , p roaec~yt~on ," applicatioq ,~

o r proseer?l.ng "enature aboresglq, . .

ills ti tuted bsf or+' thecommencement , .:

o$ t h i q kc t f ahat) be continued

thereif ter , ' w j ~ t h o u t the sanction of , ,

theprov . inc ia l . . , Government.

Penal t ies

Rules.

7. Who e v e r - ( i ) P r e ~ r e n t s a person be longing t o any

excluded c l a s s from e x e r c i s i n g any

r i g h t c o n f e r r e d by t h i s A c t , o r

excluded c l a s s from e x e r c i s i n g

any r i g h t c o n f e r r e d by t h i s A c t ,

o r

( i i ) mo le s t s o r o b s t r u c t s any such person

i n t h e e x e r c i s e of any such r i g h t

S h a l l be nunishable , i n t h e c a s e o f

f i r s t offen'e, w i th f i n e which may

ex tend t o one hundred rupees , and

i n t h e c a s e of a second o r subsequent

o f f ence , w i t h imprisonmentwhich

may ex tend t o s j x months, o r w i t h

f i n e which may ex tend t o f i v e

hundred rupees , o r w i t h both.

8. (1) The p r o v i n c i a l Government may make

r u l e s f o r t h e purpose of e a r r y i n g

i n t o e f f e c t t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s

Ach i n r e s p e c t o f temples g e n e r a l l y

o r o f any templeor c l a s s of temples.

( 2 ) A l l r u l e s made under t h i s S e c t i o n

s h a l l be pub l t shed i n t h e - F o r t

S t . Georqe Gaze t t e , and, on such

p u b l l c a t i o n , s h a l l have e f f e c t as i f

enac t ed i n t h j s A c t .

Power t o remove d i f f i c u l t ies

9. I f any d i f f i c u l t y a r i s e s i n g i v i n g e f f e c t

t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h&s A c t , t h e

p r o v i n c j ~ a l Government, a s occas s ion

r e q u i r e s , may be o r d e r , do any th ing

which appears t o them neces sa ry farr

t h e purpose o f removing t h e d i f f i c u l t y .

Repeal s . 10. The Malabar Temple En t ry A c t , 1938,

Madras A c t XX of andtheMadras Temple En t ry A u t h o r i s a t i o n 1938 Madras A c t X X I I of 1939. and indemin i ty A c t , 1939, are he reby

repea led .

Amendment o f S e c t i o a l . I n S e c t i o n 40 o f t h e Madras Hindu 40, Madras A c t II of 1927. Religious Endowment A c t , 1926, f o r

Madras A c t I1 of 1927.

t h e words and f i g u r e s " s u b j e c t t o

t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e Malabar Temple

E n t r y A c t , 1938, and t h e Madras Temple

E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n and Indemnity A c t ,

1939" t h e words and f i g v r e s " s u b j e c t

1947", s h a l l be s u b s t i t u t e d .

Source: The F o r t St.George Gaze t t e , No.4, d a t e d January, 28, 1947, Pt.IV-A-Bills, pP.91-2.

APPENDIX-N0.9

COCHIN TEPIPCE FNTRY AVTH~'RISATI0M PROCLAMATION

PROCLAMATION

(V OF 1123)

Promulgated by H i s Highnnss S r e e Kera l a Varma, Maharaja of Cochin. .

On t h e 5 t h day of Dhanu 1123, co r r e spond ing t o t h e 20th day o f December, 1947.

S h o r t t i t l e , e x t e n t and commencement.

D e f i n i t i o n s .

1. (1) T 5 i s p roc lamat ion may be called b

t h e Cochin Temple E n t r y A u t h o r i s a t i o n

Proclamat ion, V of 1123.

(2) It ex tends t o t h e whole o f Cochin Btate.

( 3 ) I t s h a l l come i n t o f o r c e a t 6 a.m

on t h e F i r s t day of Medam 1123.

2. I n t h i s p roc lamat ion u n l e s s t h e r e i s

any th ing repugnanent i n t h e s u b j e c t or

c c n t e x t - (1) "excluded c l a s s " means bny c a s t e or

c l a s s o f t h e Hindu Connnunity which

by reason of any e s t a b l i s h e d custom

or usage i s excluded from e n t e r j n g

t h e temple concerned o r o f f e r i n g

worship t h e r e i n ;

R i g h t o f e x cluded c l e s s e s t o e n t e r and o f f e r worship i n temp1 es .

( 2 ) "temple" menas a p l a a e by whatever

name 'cnown whjch i s d e d i c a t e d to o r

f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f o r used as o f

r i g h t by t h e caste-Hindu Community

i n g e n e r a l , as a p l a c e o f p u b l i c

re1 i g i o u s worship and i n c l u d e s

s u b s j d i a r y s h r i n e s , as w e l l as t anks

a p p u r t e n a n t t o t h e temple;

( 3 ) "worship" means such r e l i g i o u s s e r v i c e

a s t h e bu lk o f t h e -o r sh ippe r s may

p a r t i c i p a t e i n o r o f f e r i n a temple

and i n c l u d e s t h e r i g h t t o b a t h e i n

t anks a p p u r t e n a n t t o t h e temple,

s u b j e c t t o such r u l e s o r o rde r? a s

may be made o r i s s u e d under t h i s

p roc lamat j on.

3. Not wi ths t and ing any law, custom o r

usage t o t h e c o n t r a r y , pe r sons belonging

t o t h e excluded c l a s s e s s h a l l b e e n t i t l e d

to e n t e r any Hindi1 temple and o f f e r

worship t h e r e l n t h e same manner and t o

t h e same e x t e n t a s Hindus i n gene ra l ;

and no member cf any exclud-d c l a s s

s h a l l , by reaqon o n l y o f such e n t r y

o r v o r s h i p a f t e r t h e commencement of t h i s

B a r o f s u i t s and o t h e r proceedings .

proclamat ion, be deemed t o c o r m i t

a n - a c t i o n a b l e wrong o r o f f e r e n c e o r

be sued o r p rosecu ted t h e r e f o r .

4. No s u i t f o r damages, i n j u n c t i o n o r

B e c l a r a t l o n o f f o r any o t h e r rel ief ,

no p r o s e c u t i o n for any o f f e n c e and

no appl l c a t 1 on o r o t h e r p roceeding

under t h e Cochin Hindu Rel ighous

I n s t i t u t i o n s A c t , 1 of 1081, or any

o t h e r law, s h a l l be i n s t i t u t e d i n r e s p e c t

of any e n t r y i n t o o r worship i n any

temple a f t e r t h e commencement of t h i s I

p roc lamat ion on t h e s o l s ground t h a t

such e n t r y o r worship i s a g a i n s t t h e

custom o r usage which exc ludes c e r t a i n

c l a s s e s of Hindus from such e n t r y

o r worship.

Power t o d e c i d e 5. If any q u e s t i o n a r i s e s a s t o whether d i s p u t e s .

a p l a c e i.s o r i s no ta temple as d e f i n e d

i n t h i s p roc lamat ion , t h e q u e s t i o n s h a l l

be r e f e r r e d t o t h e Execut ive A u t h o r i t y

appoin ted by U S under s e c t i o n @OG of

t h e Government o f Cochin A c t , XX o f 1113,

and h i s d e c i s i o n s h a l l , s u b j e c t , however

t o any d e c r e e passed by a competent

c i v i l Cour t a s u i t f i l e d b e f o r e it

P e n a l t i e s .

Rules.

w i t h i n s i x months o f t h e d a t e of h i s

d e c i s i o n , he f i n a l .

6. (i) Preven t s a person be longing t o any

excluded c l a s s from e x e r c i s i n g any

r i g h t c o n f e r r e d by t h i s proclamat ion,

o r

(ii) Moles t s o r o b s t r u c t s any such person

i n t h e e x e r c i s e o f any such r i g h t

s h a l l be p u n i s h a b l e , i n t h e c a s e of

a f i r s t o f f ence , w i th f i n e which

may ex tend t o one hundred rupees ,

and i n t h e c a s e o f a second o r

subsequent o f fence , w i th imprisonment

which may ex tend to s i x moths, o r

w i t h f i n e which may ex tend t o f i v e

hundred rupees , o r w i thboth:

7. (1 ) The Execut ive A u t h o r i t y appoin ted

by U S under s e c t i o n 50G o f t h e

Governmentof Cochin A c t , XX of 1113,

may make r u l e s f o r t h e purpose of

c a r r y i n g i n t o e f f e c t t h e p r o v i s i o n s

of t h i s p roc lamat ion i n r e s p e c t of

temples g e n e r a l l y o r o f any temple

o r c l a z s nf temples or i n r e s p e c t

o f worship t h e r e i n .

(2 ) . n p s r t i c u l a r and w i t h o u t p r e j u d i c e

Saving.

r o t b g e n e r a l i t y of t h e f o r g o i n g

power, such r u l e s may p rov ide f o r -

(i) The i q i n t e n a n c e of o r d e r , dec0i.w : i .

and s a n i t a t i o n i n the' temple? aha , , , .

(ii) t h e due observance p$ ' t h e r e $ i g l a u s

r i t e s , r i t u a l s apd ceFkmonies ' . ,

rerforrned i n t h e temple. , . . . . .,

( 3 ) Any such rule rnaj! rpoiride t h a t 4 ; . .. . , . ~ , , . . - < . , ' >

cbntra .vent ion kh&&of s h a l l be ' .,

! . . ! , . , .

punishable , i n the c a s e ' o f , a f ir$t

o f f ence , w i t h f$"e whj& may ext=nd . : , . ,. '. . . .

t o f i r t y rupees , .qnd i n t h e case ' ... I,

. . . ./ I . ' . ) . ' . ::

df a second o r ~ u b m e ~ h e n t .sffepkis, ,," " ' . , . I .

wi.ti-1 imp~:?sonment whiGh.'!may ex tend .. ,

t o t h ~ e e months, ' o r w$$h f i n e which

mai. exteiicl t o I%io h"n4sed and f : ( f t y 1 ' , .

, 6 , , ' 1 ' ., . , rupee8 or w i t h both. , , . . . , . , , , . .

5 1 . , 1 . '

( 4 ) 411 r u l e s and o r d e l e madeor a' i s s u e d

under t h l s Proclamat iop s h a l l

~.c?bl i s h e d i n t h e ~ o c h t d ~overq i iby i t . , . A>, , .

G a ? & t t e , and, on such p u b i i c a t t o a ,

911 1-1 i ha ..I* effect 8 s f f e n a c t e d Ln . .

t h i s p r r l - ima t ion .

. ,

t h a t . t:rr ':r!nplc! of S hrayeesan 1 ', ,; .. _ . 'I

,. .

s i t u a t e d wi th jn t h e f o r t a r e a o f

T r ippun i thu ra i n t h e Kanayannur Taluk

i s n o t and s h a l l n o t be deemed t o be

a temple f o r thepurposes of t h i s

proclamat ion and t h a t none of t h e

p r o v i s i o n s con ta ined i n t h i s

proclamat ion s h a l l app ly to t h e s a i d

temple.

Source: P roc l ana t ion V o f 1123.

A N0.118, S.No. 816, (Regtonal/Archives, Ernakulam) PP.l-4.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Unpulishetl Sources

I. Remrds from t h e Regional Archives , Kohikode:

1. R . D i s . No.4374/42 Dated 30-4-1.942, No.per1. D. 143-42 ' da ted 14 th A p r i l , 1942.

2. F i l e No. R.Dis.446?/2? 43te4 5 ~ f - l 9 2 ~ 5 ~ ; , F ~ Y I t i o n of nankavu r e s i d e n t s d a t e d 14 th June 1925 (t4al)ms.

3. F i l e NO. R . D i s . 4468/25 da t ed 6-8-1925. p e t i t i o n t o t h e

D i s t r i c t t fag i s t r - i t e of Malabar by t h e r e s i d e n t s of panniankara .'~mscvn of C a l j c u t t a l u k .

4 . F i l e No. 2. D i s . 4468/25 d a t e d 5-8-1925. Zamorins L e t t e r t o t l r . Ttlorne dater1 6 t h Ju ly , 1925.

5. F i l e No. R. D i s . 4468/25 da t ed 5-8-1925. Eankavu Kulilm, d a t e d J u l y 6.1925.

6. File-R.Dis. D i s . P1229/46 d ~ t e d 28-12-47, Labour Department Har i jan u p l i f t r e p r e s e n t a t i o n t o Hon. Prime X i n i s t e r . Pfemorandum Sumit ted tq t h e p.El by the Wayadis o f t h e Govt. Mayadi Colony, Olavakot. M s . Dept. o f Rev. O f f i c e Huzur s t a t i o n , C a l i c u t .

7. File-2. Dis.4374/42 da t ed 30-4-1042, per1.74 A/42, Annuval Repor t o f t h e m a t e r i a l Condi t ion of dep res sed c l a s s e s ;

8 . D.R. F i l e s state-1915 Disposa l N o . l / ~ s t a t e 15-dated 5-10-15- C o l l e c t o r s o f f i c e - ~ u r u v a y o o r Devaswom- Recording papa r s r e g a r d i n g t h e t a k i n g over of Guruvayoor devasoom under Cour t of wards Management.

I n t h e High c o u r t of Jnc l i ca tu re a t bladras dated14-6-1932 o r d e r c r l . Revn. p e t i t i o n 80.291 o f 1932 (Modifying t h e o r d e r of t h e Cour t of t h e Sub D i v i s i o n a l M a g i s t r a t e o f pa l agha t - da t ed , 4-4-1932 and made i n H.C No. 270 of 1932).

c 'rivinal C.C. NO. 3/39, Conrplaint S e c t i o n - ~ n t h e C o u r t of A d d i t i o n a l D i s t r i c t Mag i s t r a t e , Malabar, d a t e < * of f i l i n g s u i t 19-7-1939.

Records from t h e I?egi&nal i i rch ives , Ernakulam:

Hindu R e l i g i o u s and C h a r i t a b l e Endowment Board Records,

Records, Kozhikode:

F i l e s I n Connection wi th !.lalabar Temple En t ry B i l l , 1938-File No.325/3R-2 d a t e d 19-10-1938

F i l e s i n Connection wi th Malabar Temple 'Entry B i l l , la3r?-~;'cmori~nd1in1 No. 38396-IF d a t e d 14 Sept. 1938- Education and p u b l i c I leal th Department, ~ o v t . of Madras.

F i l e s i n Conrec t ion w i t h Nalabar Temple E n t r y B i l l , tr)3 :,- Ejpkeet Cotntnittee ' s Report.

F i l e s i n Connection w i t h l l a l aba r Temple E n t r y B i l l , 1938-Mernor3ndum No.30396-3F da t ed 14th D e c . 1938- a Education a n d P u b l i c Hea l th Department.

F i l e s i n Connect ion w i t h Malabar Te l e E n t r B i l l 1

1939. T 1938-Appendix of G.O.NO. 419.F. 4 d a t e d f t h ~ e b .

Zamorins Kovilakam Record:; from t h e V a l l a t h a l

Vidya Peedam L ib ra ry , Sukapuram, Edapal.

Reso lu t ion passed a t t h e meet ing of t h e v a i d i k a s he ld a t E s t a t e o f f i c e of Zamorin under t h e a u s p i c e s of Zamorin Mana Vikrama Raja and Malayam C o l l e c t o r R.H. E l l i s on 20th August 1922 MS. (Mall.

2. Z m o r i n s mlruvayoor Sa tyaoraha File-The l i s t of pe r sons t o whcm a u e s t i o n n a i r e i s sued d a t e d 24th October 1932 by t h e Zamorin.

3. Zamorin's Guruyayoor s a tyag raha F i l e - r e p l y let ters o f Ooralans t o t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e o f Zamorins i n 1932.

4. Zamorin's Guruvayoor s a tyaq raha File-Appeal l e t te rs t o t h e Zamorins of C a l i c u t from t h e Educa t iona l I n s t i t u t i o l i s i n , 1937 MS.

Publ ished Sources - 1. Cochin L e g i s l a t i v e Counci l Procee*, Second series --

da ted August 7; 1929,Vol. I 1 , ~ t . 27, Ernakulam. Cochin Govt. Press . (1929) .

2. 111 C.L.C. V o l . 1 ~ : p t 15 d a t e d March 31,1933

3. 11 C.L.C., Vol. 11 d a t e d February 18,1929 . 4. 11 C.L.C., Vol 11: P t 28 d a t e d Auqust 8, 1929.

5. C.L.C.? d a t e d December 12,1928

6. C.Lj.C. d a t e d February 23, 1927

7. 11 C.L.C., Vol. IV: pt.4 d a t e d ~ e c . 4,1930

8. C.L.C., December 7, 1925

9. Travancore L e g i s l a t i v e Counci l Proceeedlings - I s e s s i o n 1100, Vol V I , d a t ed , February 5, 19251 Trivan3rum ~ o v t P r e s s , 1926.

10. T.L.C., I Session-1100.Vo1, V I , No.5. d a t e d October 2, 1924.

11. T.L.C., d a t e d February 7, 1925 12. T.L.C., Vol V I , d a t e d Feb 1. 192, ' .

Procar'dings of t.11- C.i.r?nt-,it11 : :os . - i~n of t h e Sri.Moolam popular ;is,sernbly of Tr?.;ancore, da t ed FBrch 11, 1924.

Prcceedirlqs of t h e rTinteor1t.17 :;ossion of t h e sri. Foolam Popular Asr:ernbly of Travancore, 19 23.

Cocl~iri Governnlent Gaza t t e Extra o r d i n a r y da t ed 20th -- Dscembcr 1947: Ermakularn. Cochin Govt. F re s s , 1947

cochin Goverrlmet~t Gazat te . Vol. XL: No. 36. p t .11 - -,- ~ o t i f i c a t i g n (1.131) da t ed i"ay 9,1906,

Cochin Government Gaza t te . vol . L): 11. 1.10.16, supplement -- t o p t . 11- Education D c p r t m e n t da t ed 1 7 t h December 1927.

Cochin Government Gazat te . 1101. XLV. No.25, p t . I1 - J u d i c i a l - Xpar tmen t - N o t i f i c a t i o n (131) 2a ted 25th February 1911.

coc!:in Govsrnment Gaza tts. tIo. L,. LX::XII: No. 29, p t . I -~0.7 , d a G d 10th 1948.

coch in Government Gazat te . Vol. LXXXIL r No.30, d a t e d 17 th ?ipZl 1948.

Cochin ---- Government Gaza t te . Vol. LXXYII: No.42, pt.1, da t ed .--- 1'7th J u l y 1948.

Cochin Governmsnt G a a t t e . VOL. LXXXIII: No.41, p t . I, d a t e d 25th s e p ~ e ; 1 ~ .

23. Cochin sovcrnmerit ~ a z a t t c . -- Vol. LXXXII: PJo.34, pt.111, d a t e d 15th Flay 1948.

24. cochin - Government ~ a ~ a t t e . VOL. LXXXII: No.45, pt.111, -- d a t e d . 1 4 t h August 1948.

25. =in ~ o v e r n m e n t G a ~ a t t e . VCL. LXXXII: No.8, p t . 111, da ted 30th Octoberml948.

26. Cpchin Government Gaza t te . -- supplem2nt t o pt . I, N o t i f i c a t i o n - Cochin L e q i s l a t i v e Assembly, d a t e d 19 th February,l949.

27. The Travancore Government Gaza t te . Ex t r ao rd ina r d3 ted 12Fh November 1936, T r i -andrum Govt.$ress, 1936.

The Travancore Government -- Gazat tc . VOL. LXXIV: t10.15, da t cd 24th November 1936.

The Travancore Government Gazat te . VOL. LIX: No.28, da t ed 12 th J u l y , 1921.

T h e F o r t st, Georqe Gaza t te , No.7: p t . IV-Proceedings of I4adras L e g i s l a t u r e , d a t a d 19 th A p r i l 1938.

The F o r t St. Gforqe Gazattc.No.4: p t . 1 ~ - A , ills st d a t e d ? ~ t h J a n u a r y 1947.

The F o r t st. Georqe Gazatte.Supplem.'nt -- t o pt.11, da ted 15tl1 Mcircti 1932.

The F o r t St . Georoe ~3zat te .Pl0 .16: G. O.M,S, Eln.186-E & R.C, A p r i l 11, 1947: 33+e3 22 A p r i l 1347.

The ~ o r t st. Georqe Gazat te . ~ 0 , 6 ( 1 ) , pt.IV-B: A C ~ N ~ . V of 1 9 4 ' 7 r , da t ed 10 June 1947.

~ l l c F o r t ;t. Georqe ( ;azatte. -- No. 10 p t . I V , @ill. No. 5 Of 1926 ,Zked 3 August 1936.

. lwelf th l i s t of c o r r e c t i o n s ---- :o t h e s t and ing o r d ~ r s of T h e Government of cochin , Ernakulam. Cochin ~ o v t . p r e s s , Revised lzdition, 1913.

A Blue Book c o n t a i n i n g impor t an t o r d e r s a n d o f f i c i a l PAPERS COIJNECTED ! i U H THE p r o g r e s s o f Education i n t h e Cochin S t a t e du r inq t h e @st Quineunnim. Brnaki~lam. cochin Govt. F re s s , 1014.

The Record of Aclministrat ion, 1925, Cochin S t a t e . PT. 111, Ernakularn. c o c h i n Govt. P re s s , 1925.

Census Report o f Cochin, 1901; Vo1,XX. El. sanka ra !.:enon, pt.1 - Reportr Ernakulamr

census Report of CO-, 1911 -&.XVIII: C. Achutha Wnon, ~ t . I - ~ e p o r t ; Ernakulam. Cochin G o v ~ . press, 1912.

41. c e n s u s --.-- --- i t epc r t - ct Cochin, 1 . . VPL.XIXI P. ~ o v i n d a Menon p t . I - Rnport, Ernakulam: c o c h i n Govt Press , 1922.

42 . Cerlsus Report of cochin, 1931. VOL. PXT j T.K. SANKARA r,lsnon, p t . 1-~cprrrt.: Er~aakulam : coch in Govt Press , 19 33.

43. Cer l susRenor t of cqchin , 1831. C. Achutha Menon, p t . I - Report; Ernak~rlamr c o c h i n Govt. P re s s , (1893)

44 . Census of India-:ladras 1901. VOL. XV: W. ranc cis, --- , L - - pt.1 - Report: IBilrasr Govt. p r e s s , 1902.

45. Census H e E r t of 'rravancore: 1941. vol.l.MV $ A. Narayan %hampi, p t . I ; Rcport. 'rrivandrum: Govt.Press, 1942,

46. Report on t h e Ldrn in i s t ra t ion of t h e Evasworn Department: I n t h e Cochin S t a t e , 1936-37. Ernakulam coch in -.- - Govt.. Frese. I? 3@.

4'7. Travancore Devaswom I.lanual .Val. I: p t . I. Trivandrum Govt. Press , 1935.

48. Renort of t h e Zndian S t a t u t o r y commission vol.1: Survey pt .1, The Condi t ion o f t h e Problem, C a l c u t t a : Govt. of Ind ia , C e n t r a l p u b l i c a t i o n s Brancha 19 30

49. Reports of a J o i n t C o w m g i o n , Bengal and uomb? appoin ted t Z % t i n t o t h e state 61 cond:kirn of t h e p rov ince of l a l a b a r i n t h e y e a r s 1792 and 1793. -- p r i n t 4 by [I. ~ m i t h . ' ~ ~ ) I F o r t s a i n t Georgd w z a t t e P re s s , 1862.

50. Government of Ind ia p u b l i c a t i o n Divis ion, New Delhi. c o l l e c t e d works of l ~ ~ h a ~ G a n d h i , V o l X X I I I I Aharnedabad r Navjivan T r u s t , 1979.

51. collected Works of tlalatma ~ a r t d h i . VOL. LI : Ahamedabad Navjivan Trus t , October 1972.

52. c o l l k c t e d works of Elshatma Gandhi. VOL. 53. Ahamedabad a N a IJajgivan Trus t , 1972.

53. C o l l e c t e d works of Chhatm andh hi. VOL. XXVI : ~harnedabad : Navjivan 'rrust , 196'7: ~ e p r i n t 1979.

54. Report of t h e - Temple E11tr.y Ellquiry Ccmmittee, Travancore Trivandrum : Govt. p r e s s , 1934.

55. The Devaswom Manual ( ~ o c h i n S t a t e ) . Ernakulam 1 c o c h i n Govt. p r e s s , 1938.

56. % mad& CO&, L ~ L . V I : coct O& m d m , MOJNUS &JL.P.YCSS,/~Q. News papers

The mthrubhymi .mil y Newspapers (Nalayalam) , Kozhikode.

1. 9, 158, September 22, 1931

2. 9, 160, September 24, 1931

3. 3, 172, X t o b n r 6, 1931

4. 9, 172. C t t ~ b e r 9, 1931

5. 9, 182, LYtober 23, 1331

6. 9, 184, Octol~er 25, 1931

7. 9, 8 Octob-r 29, 1931

8. 9, 191, e t o b e r 31, 1931

9. 9, 192, Novernbnr, 1, 1931

10. 9, 192, Novemhcr 3, 1931

11. 9, 192, November 4, 1931

12. 9, 195, Novcrnbr?r 7, 1931

13. 3, 202, November 15, 1931

14. 9, 203, Novcmhcr 17, 1931

15. 9, 205, Novemb-r 19, 1931

16. 9, 208, CTovembcr 22, 1931

17. 9, 217, December 3, 1931

18. 9, 218, December 4, 1 9 3 1

1 . 9, 220, !xccrnb,:.r 6, 1 9 3 1

20. 9, 228, D-cember 15, 1 9 3 1

21. 9, 236, December 25, 1 9 3 1

22 . 9, December 27, 1 9 3 1

23. 9, 240, Decernher 31, 1 9 3 1

24. 9 , 241, ,Tanuery 1, 1932

25. 9, 242, J a n u a r y 1, 1932

26. 9 , 24 3, J s n u a r y 3, 1932

27. 9, 7 4 5 , J a n u a r y 7, 193'

28. 9, 246, Jan r l a ry 8, 1932

29. 9, 249, J a n u a r y 12, 1932

30. 9, 358, Janl iarq ' 22, 1932

31. 3, 264, J a n u a r y 29, 1932

32. 9, 264, J a n u q r y 29, 1932

33. 9, 265, J a n u a r y 30, 1932

34. 9, 267, F e b r u a r y 2, 1932

35. 9, 269, F e b r u a r y 4, 1932

36. 9, 279, F e b r u a r y 16, 1932

37. 9, 283, F e b r u a r y 27. 1932

38. 9, 291, tTarcl> 3 , 1932

39. 9, 235, l!arctl 5, 1932

10, 4, )larch 22, 1932

10, 7, I R r c i ~ 25, 1932

10, 10, Ilarch 29, 1932

10, 8 p i 7, 1932

10, 19, 1 8, 1032

10, 21, April 10, 1932

10, 22, 1 1 . 2 1332

10, 25, April, 19, 1932

10, 48, P!sy 14, 1932

10, 61, 31, 1932

10, 77, June 5, 1932

10, 83, _Tune 25, 1932

10, 98, July 13, 1032

10, 11 2, ,T11Ly 229, 1932

10, 117, Ruqust 4, 1932

10, 118, August 4, 1932

10, 150, September 11, 1932

10, 154. September 18, 1932

10, 156, Snpternber 21, ' 19 32

10, 157, Septsmber 22, 1932

10, 158, September 23, 1932

10, 159, September 24, 1932

10, 160, :;epternber 2 5 , 1932

10. 161, ;eptemher 27, 1932

10.162. September 28. 1932

10. 164. September 30, 1932

10, 165, October 1, 1932

10, 1.66, October 2, 1932

10, 167, k t o b e r 4, 1932

10, 168, e t c h s r 5, 1932

10, 7 Wtobcr 7, 1932

10, 172, October 11, 1932

10, 175, Cktober 14, 1932

10. 173, Lttober 19, 3.932

77.183. Octcber 23, 1932

10, 188, Cctoher 29, 1932

10. 189, mtohnr 30, 1932

10, 190, November 2, 1932

10, 191, November 3, 1932

10, 195, flovember 8, 1932

10, 198, November 11. 19 32

10. 199, November 12, 1932.

!Jc,i:?nt:?r 20, 13 32

b!ovrmber 22, 1932

Ilovember 29, 1932

Novmber, 30, 1 9 3 2

December 3, 1932

December 4, 1932

December 6, 19 32

December 7, 1932

D ? c P ~ I ~ E I 8, 39 32

December 9, 19 32

December 10, 1932

Deccmbcr 15, ' 1932

December, 17, 19 32

December 18, 1932

December 27, 1932

JXcember 29, 1932

Janua ry 1, 1933

Janua ry 10, 1933

Janua ry 24, 1933

Janua ry 25, 1933

Jpnilary 26, 1933

,January 27, 1933

106. 10, 273, E'sbru?lry 8 , 1933

197. 10, 279, February 15, 1933

108. 10, 295, iJarch 7, 1933

109. 10. 304, Ihrcll 1'7, 1933

110. 11. 37. Pqay 2, 1933

111. 11. 135. Pugust 26, 1933

112. 14, 199, November 7, 1936

113. 14, 204, November 15, 1936

114. 14, 206, 1'ovzrnt.rr 17, 1036

115. 14, 217, Pzcembnr 2, 1936

116. 16, 174, October 18, 1938

117. 16, 190, November 8, 1938

118. 16, 198, November 19, 1938

119. 16, 205, IJovember 29, 1938

120. 16, 209, Eecember 3, 1938

121. 16, 225, Pecember 23, 1938

122. 16. 281, FeLduud\j 281 1939 - 123. 16, 286, March 5, 1939

124. 16, 290, F13rcl1 10, 1939

125 . 1'7, 5, IC3rch 23, 1939

126. 1 7 7 J 1 , 1930

127. 17, 99, July 13m, 1939

120. 7 , 103, J u l y 18, 1933

1.?9. 17, 108, J u l y 23, 1939

131. 17, 212, J anua ry 11, 1440

132. 17, 243, February 29, 1340

133. Tlle Janrnabhumi - News d a i l y (Ehl) Ed. I:.G. Vadhiar, Cochin : Ayodhya 1'rin:ers 11, 1.28, September 25, 19 88.

1. iictlut1)a 1:51~non, C. ~ ~ c h i n s t a t e I anua l . Ernskulam : cochin Government P re s s , 19 11.

2. Anantha Krislina Iye r , L.I:. The c o c h i n Tr ibes and C a s t e s VQL. I a Ernakulam : coch in Govt. P re s s , 1909, ~ i r s t ~ d . N e w ~ n l h i : Cosmo p u b l i c a t i o n s , 1981.

3. The Cocllin T r ibes and Cas tes . VOL. 111, Ernakulam. coch in Govt. P re s s , 1 9 1 2 , F i r s t Ed. N e w Delhi : Cozrno p u b l i c a t i o n s , 1781.

4. l ippadorai Iyer , s. Pladras C;ovcrnment Museum B u l l e t t i n -- VOL I1 : No. 1, PIadras : Govt Press , 1901.

5. Chandran, V.R. S r e e Kodun a1looram~:ah - Charithravum '

A c l a r a n u s h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + i ~ A y y a ~ ~ a - Seva Sangam, Kodungalloor ; Guruvaymr : K.K. P r i n t e r s , Thykad, 1990.

6. cha t tampi s m m i k a l , Christhumadha -- Chedhanam (Mal) Kottayam : publ is t led by V i s w a Hindu par i shad , Fourth Impress ion r Dec. 16, 1992.

7. Vedadhikara Niroopanam - ( b l a l ) Kottayam : pub l i shed by n i k s h i Prasadarn, F i r s t impress ion : 1921, R e p r i n t Feb. 1986.

Chen tha ra s so r i , T.H.F. A * a n k a l i (Biography, (Pa l ) 4 pub. by ~ r a b h a t h a m F r & Publ i sh ing Co., Trivandrum : Prabha th Book tlouse, Second Ed. Aug. 1983.

Edgar Thurston1 Madras Goverrunent Museum B u l l e t t i n Vol. I11 : No.1: FRdras : ~ o v t . Press, 1900.

Madras Government lluseum mlletin.VOL. I1 - NO. 1, IBdras : Govt. P ~ P S S , 1879..

Emily Gi lckr r ies t Hatch. Travancore (A Guide Book f o r t h e V i s i t o r ) tfumphery mi l ford , Oxf o r d Un ive r s i t y Press , 1933, Madras : Diocesan P re s s , 1833.

Fawcett, F. Madras Government Museum B u l l e t t i n VOL. 1111 No. 3, l-ladras r ~ o v t . P re s s , 1901

F r a n c i s my. he Mnd o f t h e F e r u m l s --- o r cochin i t s a s t a n d z r e s e n t . Vepery : m n t z Brothers ,

Ede lph i Press, 1863. A E S ~ e p r i n t ;New Delhia J ~ e t l e y f o r Asian Educa t iona l s e r v i c e , 1990.

G a l l e t t i . A. Selections £run the Records of t h e M d r a s Government, Dutch Records, No.13; Madras ; Govt. Press . 1911; u u b l i s h e d Usha J a i n f o r Usha publications New elh hi :- ~ k h r a o f f e e t P r e s s , 1984.

-

Innes, C.A. Madras District G a ~ a t t e r s 'MlLABAR' VOL. I r ~ d . by F.B. Evans. pub. B.S. Bal iya Madras Record o f f i c e , 1908; r e p r i n t : Madras 8 Govt. p r e s s , 1951.

Kesava Menon, R. sabarimala F i r e r i s i n q Enquiry Report(Ma1) Trivandrum ; The Govt. c e n t r a l Press , 1957.

Krishna Iyer , L.A. The Travancore, T r i b e s and C a s t e s . VOL. I : Trivandrum : Govt. p r e s s , 1937.

Krlshna Ayyar, 1C.V. A S h o r t H i s t o r y of Kerala, Publ i shed by S.V. Pa i , Ernakulam : P a i & Co., 1966.

The Zamorins of -- C a l i c u t from t h e earliest t i m e s down t o A.D. 1806. C a l i c u t : Norman p r i n t i n g Bureau, 19 38.

20, Karllnpan, E.P. J3 t h i I:iunrnij urn Uda*a --- Virunnum [ F O P ~ . 1 ~ 1 ) nlib. A.K. S a t i s h Chandran. Bhaskara , - . . p r i n t i n g works, - ~ r i v i n 3 r u m - 14r Kottayam: Nat iona l Back Sta l l . , bMy 1980.

2 1. :rislnn?n fizhsnkcde, K.A. -- p a n d i t Karuppanum Malayala Kavittii3yum (~$11) ~ r j n j a ~ a l i u d a : T!'e st. George p r e s s JULY 198i-:

22. Cl?dhava i 'anicker, V.I.1. Eodunuallor S ree Kurumba Bhaqavathi Kshetra Char i thram ( ~ a l ) Kodunc&lloor : Devi P r i n t e r s --- March 1982.

P+3hactev Desni. s c of ~ r a v a r l c o f i Pt . I, pub. by mhvabha i Desai, p r i n t e d by Balubhai Maganla]. Desai;

r lag?m A i y a , V. The Travancorc S t a t e Yannual VCL. I1 r Trivanftrurn : T r a v a n x r e ~ o v t . p r e s s , 1906.

Nilakam Perumal. A Hindu Reformation. Madras : R . J . Ram & co., A p r i l 1937: r e p r i n t : Madras : Gordon & Co., 19 37.

r'anik'iar, K . H . Hddu 3 0 c i e t y a t Cross Roads. Pub. by p.5, Jays Cingh. Bombay : Asia p u b l i s h i n g House, 1955: R e p r i n t 1967.

pharo3ll & Co., Gaza t t ee r of Sou th=rn I n d i a Madras : Athaen~um Fresr;, 1855.

Pramatha Math BDSe. - ti is tor^ of Hindu C i v i l i s a t i o n during B r i t i s h r u l e . VOL. 11 : P r i n t 3 d by Jadhu North.Sea1

padmanabha ilenon, K.P. H i s t o r y of lcerala Vo l . IV r Ed. ~ d . ,r.K. Krishna I.lenon, Ernakulam : coch in Govt. p r e s s , 1937.

p a t t a b h i Sitaramayya, o. IL&tcry of Ind ian N a t i o n a l Congress. VCL. I : New Delhi : S . c&nd & Co., by arrarl7ementr; c ; L t l ~ r'aclna pub1 i c a tionr;, Bombay, 1935, second Reprint : N e w Dclhi : Rajendra P r i n t e r s Ram Nagar, 1969.

Parameswara I y e r , S. Ul loor . Kerala Sah i tya Cha r i t r am ( m l ) VOL. I V . and pub. by Depot of ~ u b l i c a t i o n s , U n i v e r s i t y of Travancore, Travancore U n i v e r s i t y S e r i e s No.30, Kozhikode x Mathrubhumi P re s s , 19 57,

Ravindran, T.K. I n s t i t u t i o n s and movements i n Kerala His tory. Trivandrum : Char i th ram P u b l i c a t i o n s 1978

Ramnath Aiyer. The Indian S t a t e S e r i e s , ' P roq res s ive Travancore ' Trivandrum Anantha Ram Varma Press , 192333:

S t e l l a K r a m Risch. The Hindu Temple. Vo1.11 : Pub, BY B P.C. ROY, C a l c u t t a : C a l c u t t a u n i v e r s i t y , 1946.

Sreedhara Menon, A. - :<erala D i s t t i c t GazatterS. 'Tr ichur ' . T h i r u v a l l a : Bhagyodayam P r e s s f o r t h e Govt. of Kerala, 1962.

S o c i a l and c u l t u r a l H i s to rv o f Kerala. N e w Delhi : S t e r l i n g Pub l i she r s , 1979.

venka t Raman, S.R. Temple - Entry L e g i s l a t i o n - Reviewed w i t h A c t s and ~ i l l s . Madras Bharat Devi P u b l i c a t i o n s November 1946.

Vedabander. Riqveda Pravesika.Kerala s a h i t y a Acadamy, T r i c h u r Kottayam : Nat iona l B ook s t a l l , 1988.

Ward and Conner. Geographical - and S t a t i s t i c a l memoir of t h e Survey of t h e ' rravancore ?816 t o t h e end of t h e y e Travanc-re S i r k a r P re s s , 1863, Repr in t $ 1898.

S r e e Devi Mahatma a m ( M a l ) Com. Erahm S r e e ~ a n d i ~ d o r __Y? Nahadeva S a s t r kal , Q u i l o n : S r e e R a m a V i l a s a m P r e s s & Book

Book depot, 1969.

R i vedam VOL. 8. M a l . Trans. 0.M.C Narayanan Nampoothiripad. *chur 8 Vadakkemadom ( Brahmaswun) , Sept. 1986.

Progres s of Cochin. ~ d . T.K. Krishna Menon. Ernakulam a Cochin G o v t . P r e s s , 19 32.

pe r iod i ca l s and N e w s papers

1. The weekly Secre t Bu l l e t t i n . VOL. I1 : dated February 1935, No. 7, Trivandrum r Sree Ram VilaSam Press, 1935

T h e Weekly Secre t Bul le t t in . ~ o l XI : W t e d Nov. 9, 1935, 2. -- N0.45; Trivandrum : Sree Rama vilasam Press, 1935.

3. Temple Entry Proclamation Memorial Souvenier T. E.E.P.M.Cj Trivandrum ; ~ G v t Press , 1936.

4. Hari jan Sevak Sangh, Kerala Branch Guruvayoor Temple Sntry Satyagraha Golden Jub i l ee Souvenier ( V a l ) 1982.

5. The Madras Chr i s t i an College Magazine, VOL. I V r J U L Y 1886 June 1889, G.!V. Taylon: Nadras : Lawrence Asylum P re s s ( 1889)

6. Vaikom satyagraha Cormnormoration volume. Vaikom Satvaaraha Golden J u b i l e e C o m m i t t e e , Ed. p r i n t e d and pub. by Sukumran Moolakattu, Cochin r Mathrubhumi Press, (1977)

7. vyazha Vatta - Smran ika ( h a l ) .Souvenier o f t h e Vyazhavatta Smaranika Committee of Sreekrishna Pemple, Thiruvachira Kozhikode r 1984.

8. Souvenier Issued f o r t h e A l l India Saraswath Cul tu ra l Organisation, 3rd Conference by t he m n e r a l Secre ta ry G. Venugopala Kamath. Cochin r Vidya Pr in t s , Kaloor Road, 1974.

9. Indian Express N e w s d a i l y Cochin Edit ion, VOL. LIX r No.259, Ju ly 21, 1991.

Documents

Pa. - Information and Library Network Centreietd.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/317/14/14_appendixs.pdfPa. - Information and Library Network Centre