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Paragraph Writing Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the a paragraph that answers the question question Why? Why? We know that many We know that many actions do not occur without a actions do not occur without a reason, and that the effects of reason, and that the effects of these actions can be either positive these actions can be either positive or negative. When we write a cause or negative. When we write a cause and effect paragraph, we are trying and effect paragraph, we are trying to understand or explain things that to understand or explain things that happen in our lives. In the happen in our lives. In the paragraph, there will be reasons paragraph, there will be reasons backing up the topic, as well as backing up the topic, as well as supporting details that go with each supporting details that go with each of the reasons. of the reasons.

Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

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Page 1: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

Paragraph WritingParagraph Writing

Cause and EffectCause and EffectA cause and effect paragraph is a A cause and effect paragraph is a

paragraph that answers the question paragraph that answers the question ““WhWhy?y?”” We know that many actions do not We know that many actions do not

occur without a reason, and that the effects occur without a reason, and that the effects of these actions can be either positive or of these actions can be either positive or

negative. When we write a cause and negative. When we write a cause and effect paragraph, we are trying to effect paragraph, we are trying to

understand or explain things that happen understand or explain things that happen in our lives. In the paragraph, there will be in our lives. In the paragraph, there will be

reasons backing up the topic, as well as reasons backing up the topic, as well as supporting details that go with each of the supporting details that go with each of the

reasons.reasons.

Page 2: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

PrewritingPrewriting

– – You will be asked to use the You will be asked to use the webbingwebbing technique for this assignment. Your topic technique for this assignment. Your topic (the effect) goes in the centre circle, and (the effect) goes in the centre circle, and your main reasons (the causes) go in the your main reasons (the causes) go in the set of circles that branch out from the set of circles that branch out from the centre circle. Number your reasons in centre circle. Number your reasons in order of their importance. Next, in the order of their importance. Next, in the third set of circles, attach a series of third set of circles, attach a series of details that might support each of the details that might support each of the reasons you have chosen. Provide more reasons you have chosen. Provide more details than you can actually use, then details than you can actually use, then read over them and decide which details read over them and decide which details you will use to develop your paragraph. you will use to develop your paragraph. You may want to also number the details in You may want to also number the details in the order you will use them. the order you will use them.

Page 3: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

WebWeb

Effect

Cause 1

Cause 2

Cause 3

Detail

Detail

Detail

Detail

DetailDetail

Detail

Page 4: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

Time To WriteTime To Write

WritingWriting – – It is then time to begin It is then time to begin writing your paragraph, expanding writing your paragraph, expanding your points into full sentences. Decide your points into full sentences. Decide if you want to order your reasons if you want to order your reasons from most important to least from most important to least important or vice versa. Include important or vice versa. Include transitions that are appropriate to the transitions that are appropriate to the order you have chosen. As your work order you have chosen. As your work on your paragraph, keep checking on your paragraph, keep checking your material for unity and support, your material for unity and support, and make any necessary changes. and make any necessary changes.

Page 5: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

Revising – Revising – WhenWhen you have finished you have finished writing, writing, editedit the paragraph for the paragraph for sentence-skills mistakes such as sentence-skills mistakes such as spelling, punctuation, run-ons or spelling, punctuation, run-ons or sentence fragments. You may sentence fragments. You may decide to add or delete all or part of decide to add or delete all or part of a sentence or to move it to a a sentence or to move it to a different location. Be sure that the different location. Be sure that the spelling of the words you studied at spelling of the words you studied at the beginning of this unit is correct in the beginning of this unit is correct in your paragraph. your paragraph.

Page 6: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

Choose a topic below, and write a well-Choose a topic below, and write a well-constructed paragraph. constructed paragraph. your paragraphs must have a title, and your paragraphs must have a title, and should be 7 – 10 sentences long.should be 7 – 10 sentences long.Paragraph #1Paragraph #1Write a Write a cause and effect cause and effect paragraph on paragraph on ONEONE of the following topics: of the following topics:a) The many reasons why people should not a) The many reasons why people should not smoke cigarettessmoke cigarettesb) Why I had an excellent / awful time on b) Why I had an excellent / awful time on my last vacationmy last vacationc) How drivers cause accidentsc) How drivers cause accidentsd) Canadians are more overweight now d) Canadians are more overweight now than they were 50 years agothan they were 50 years agoe) Eating on an airplane is an unpleasant e) Eating on an airplane is an unpleasant experienceexperience

Page 7: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

Compare and Contrast ParagraphCompare and Contrast ParagraphWhen we compare and contrast two When we compare and contrast two items, we are trying to understand items, we are trying to understand each of the two things more clearly. each of the two things more clearly. We may make judgments about which We may make judgments about which of the two things we prefer, or we may of the two things we prefer, or we may simply show how they are similar simply show how they are similar and/or different.and/or different.

Page 8: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

There are two methods of development in There are two methods of development in compare and contrast paragraphs. The first compare and contrast paragraphs. The first one is the one is the one-side-at-a-time method.one-side-at-a-time method. This This is when the first half of the paragraph clearly is when the first half of the paragraph clearly and completely explains one side of the and completely explains one side of the contrast, and the second half of the paragraph contrast, and the second half of the paragraph deals entirely with the other side. If you use deals entirely with the other side. If you use this method, be sure to use the same order this method, be sure to use the same order when presenting each side. The second when presenting each side. The second method of developing a compare and contrast method of developing a compare and contrast paragraph is a paragraph is a point-by-point methodpoint-by-point method. . Instead of dealing separately with each of the Instead of dealing separately with each of the items you are comparing/contrasting, you will items you are comparing/contrasting, you will contrast or compare each item one point at a contrast or compare each item one point at a time, alternating throughout the paragraph.time, alternating throughout the paragraph.

Page 9: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

For this particular assignment, you will be asked to use For this particular assignment, you will be asked to use the the free-writingfree-writing technique as your method of prewriting. technique as your method of prewriting. To write a compare/contrast paragraph, you will first To write a compare/contrast paragraph, you will first choose a topic. Then:choose a topic. Then:Make a decision on how long you will take to get Make a decision on how long you will take to get your ideas down on paper – in this case, your ideas down on paper – in this case, three to three to five minutesfive minutes.. You will write, You will write, in paragraph formatin paragraph format, , every thoughtevery thought about about each idea each idea as it comes to youas it comes to you. . The important thing is The important thing is to continue writing, to continue writing, non-stopnon-stop, for the full allotted , for the full allotted timetime. . If your mindIf your mind hits a blank, write a key word over hits a blank, write a key word over and over until you think of another point to make and over until you think of another point to make on your topic.on your topic. Concentrate on getting down all of the Concentrate on getting down all of the information you can think of that supports each point. information you can think of that supports each point. Once you have written continuously for the prescribed Once you have written continuously for the prescribed time period, decide whether you will use a one-side-at-a-time period, decide whether you will use a one-side-at-a-time or a point-by-point method. time or a point-by-point method. ****The last stage ofThe last stage of pre prewriting using this technique writing using this technique is to go back and number the sentences in the is to go back and number the sentences in the order you believe works best, order you believe works best, and cross out any and cross out any information you decide not to use.information you decide not to use.

Page 10: Paragraph Writing Cause and Effect A cause and effect paragraph is a paragraph that answers the question “ Why? ” We know that many actions do not occur

Use transition words (change of direction signals) Use transition words (change of direction signals) like like firstly, in addition, in contrast, also, another firstly, in addition, in contrast, also, another difference, on the other hand, but, although, difference, on the other hand, but, although, however, however, and and most importantly most importantly to link your points to link your points together. As you write, keep checking the together. As you write, keep checking the paragraph for unity and support, and make paragraph for unity and support, and make additions or changes. additions or changes. RevisingRevising – – WhenWhen you have finished writing, you have finished writing, editedit the paragraph for sentence-skills mistakes such as the paragraph for sentence-skills mistakes such as spelling, punctuation, run-ons or sentence spelling, punctuation, run-ons or sentence fragments. Decide if you should add or delete all fragments. Decide if you should add or delete all or part of a sentence or to move it to a different or part of a sentence or to move it to a different location. location. Paragraph #2Paragraph #2