Parenthetical Citations563

7/31/2019 Parenthetical Citations563

1/17

Parenthetical Citationsin disgustingly gross

detail.


2/17

Reminder:We use parenthetical citations to give

credit to the peoples thoughts we use.

We give credit for:

direct quotes

paraphrasing

summarizing


3/17

The general, garden varietycitation:

We see Scout admit that she lies toher father when she says, I said Icould like it very much, which was alie, but one must lie under certain

circumstances (Lee 128).


4/17

Two things to note:

We see Scout admit that she lies to her father when shesays, I said I could like it very much, which was a lie, butone must lie under certain circumstances (Lee 128).

1. The authors name andpage number appear

without a p or comma

we know the number

is a page we dont need a

comma, either

2. Punctuation appears

outside the quotation

there are certain

circumstances that

require punctuation

inside the quotation


5/17

Certain circumstances:

When the quotation has pertinent punctuationin it that change the meaning if omitted

The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?"(79).

But notice, there is still a closing punctuation

mark after the citation


6/17

Speaking of Hemingway

You might have noticed that the citation

didnt have an author in it!The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-Lighted

Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?" (79).

Thats because I already gave the author

credit!Do you see it?


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What about those pesky internetsources?

Cite the author, forget thepage numberno pages in cyberspace

No author? Should you reallyuse the site?

if no one takes credit for it, is ita credible site?

If you must, cite the website


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Internet Example (Preferable)

If you MUSTuse one without anauthor, use the article title:There is no truth to the rumor that al-Qaeda

has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in ourcountry (Coca-Cola No Al Queda).


10/17

Internet example (no title?):There is no truth to the rumor that al-

Qaeda has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in

our country (snopes.com).

Note:

I did not give the completeURL, only a snippet

the complete URL goes

in your reference page

Also note that the good folks

at snopes.comDO take credit

for their work

Their names are Barbara and

David Mickelson and they do a

nice job fact-checking


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But again,Try to use as few

unaccredited webpages as humanlypossible

Source validity is ahuge concern when the

source takes no creditfor their work


12/17

Side note:When we do

literary analyses,like the poem oneweve already done:do remember that

characters dont

talkauthors do!


13/17

Multiple authors:

If more than one

author wrote yourarticle, they needto be cited.This applies to less

than three authorsless than / includingthree, cite them all!


14/17

Multiple authors example:

There has been a drastic increase in

frivolous lawsuits in the United States inthe last ten years (Dewey, Cheatum andHowe 45).

Note all authors credited

with last name only.


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More than three authors?Bust out the Latin stick!et al is your pal!

et al literally translates toand others

Cite the first author, thenslap an et al after it!only applies to references with

more than three authors!


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Finally, the interview sources:

Cite the last

name of theinterviewee

Then that it was

an interview


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Interview example:As junior students, we were told that this

paper is dummy proof and its impossible

to do wrong if you try (Lesh interview).

Note the same rules apply:

1. no comma

2. punctuation outside of the

parentheses

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Parenthetical Citations563