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Ontario Visual Heritage Project: West Parry Sound Outline Created: November 13th, 2006

Modified: April 20th, 2007 Note: This outline was updated following a committee meeting on November 15th, 2006. Those in attendance were Perry Harris, Bill Spinney, Carol Casscanette, Cathy Evoy, Joanne Walton, John Gillies, Yvonne Drebert and Zach Melnick. The outline was further updated on January 29th following the submission of extensive comments by Stewart King of the Wasauksing First Nation.

1. Summary:

The following is a working document created after consultation with many people (listed below) from the West Parry Sound District, after reviewing several resources and after visiting several sites in the district (also listed below). This information was combined into a database of approximately 200 stories. These stories were sorted by theme, date and location, with the major stories colour coded based on themes and placed on a map of the West Parry Sound District. This map, along with the database, was used to create this document. This document will evolve throughout the process as video interviews are completed that may lead us into new territory. We welcome feedback and suggestions to mail@visualheritage.ca.

2. Research Interviews:

Written summaries of the research interviews are available upon request. These interviews were conducted between September 25th and October 6th. Ruby and Wallace Reed (Pointe Au Baril) Bill Allen (Archeologist) Stewart King (Wasauksing Reserve) Carol Casscanette (Carling Township) Mary Jane Zissoff (artist) Greg Aldsworth (Chippewa Captian) Cliff Croswell (Ahmic Harbour) Don Christie (Camp Franklin, Carling Township) Don Cowan (Retired Teachers) Dora Logan (Festival of the Sound) Doris Muckenheim (Former PS Museum Curator) Doug Orr (CIL, Bobby Orr) Evelyn Moore (McKeller) Glen Parr (Commercial Fisherman) Jim Beatty (Beatty family history) Joe Brunati (Depot harbour) John Gillies (Massasauga Park, San Suci)

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Ken Johnson (Carling Township) Killbear Park Roundtable: Shirley Brouwen, Cathy Evoy, Jim Rowney, Win Rowney, Morris and Verna Burden Larry Maughan (Surveyor) Laurine Tremaine (Parry Sound Library) May and Percy Ball (McKeller) Paul Gray (Nobel) Ron Ramsay (Metis/ Fisherman) Steve Wohleber (Brit and Byng Inlet) Seven Duff (Parry Sound Writer) John MacFie (Regional Historian)

3. Location Visits:

These are primarily locations other than those mentioned above in research interviews. CIL/ Nobel Location Parry Island/ Depot Harbour Stockey Centre/ Bobby Orr hall of Fame McKeller/ Ahmic Harbour/ Whitestone Pointe Au Baril Byng Inlet/ Britt Massasauga Park Killbear Park Island Queen Parry Sound Museum

4. Primary Parry Sound History Themes:

Geology First Nations French Influence/ Fur Trade Free Land Grants/ Beatty Colonization Roads/ South Shield Farming Maritime History Lumbering Railways Industrial Development Tourism/ Cottaging World Wars Conservation

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5. The Outline This outline is split into eight sections. Seven “chapters” which will form the storyline of the documentary and an “extras” section for important stories that do not fit into the documentary storyline. Each “section” is expected to be roughly 10-15 minutes in length, with the exception of chapter 6, which is expected to be longer. Chapter 1: The Caretakers The first chapter will start with the 16.3 kg French Apothecary mortar, discovered by ten-year-old Nathan Little by Trout Lake in 1870 (Bill Allen). The mortar made its way into the Beatty family who eventually donated it to the Museum of Civilization in Ottawa. This mortar can be used as a jumping point to discuss several aspects of the history of the “West Parry Sound” region following the receding of the last ice age – Anishinabe migration and land use, early contact and the fur trade, the French, the Iroquoian (or Haundenosaunee) wars and the Wendat. Special emphasis in this chapter will be given to the Anishinabe, by far the longest-known residents of this region. Primary Interview Subjects: Bill Allen, Stewart King, John MacFie (possibly) • Opening Imagery:

o SCENE 1: Pioneer men chopping at the roots of a large stump, they are hot and sweaty. A block and tackle are erected, and the stump is lifted out of its hole. They have been successful in removing the stump and leave in celebration!

A young boy, Nathan Little, straggles along behind. Attempting to prove his manliness, he lifts a large axe and gives the roots in the hole a chop himself. The blow resonates strangely, and Nathan takes a closer look to see the French Apothecary’s mortar. Nathan pulls at the mortar, and pulls it onto its upright position. He reaches in and feels around in the earth contained within the mortar, he pulls out a piece of white rock, dusts it off and holds it up to the light. CU of the white rock.

• Notes from Bill Allen for scene 1: “There was no field at the time of the 1870 find. The family settling the land was clearing away the trees of a dense forest to create a field when the mortar was found by the boy in the roots of a tree that was being uprooted to make the initial clearing in the forest. A more accurate image would be a stump puller with a block and tackle hanging from a tripod of logs and men chopping the roots exposed after a round trench has been cut in a wide circle around the base of the stump. As the stump and root was lifted the mortar was exposed and the boy noticed it. It probably had been in the ground for over 200 years in order to have a mature tree growing over it.”

o Introduction Montage o SCENE 2: Fade up on a CU of the same kind of shiny white rock as Nathan

Little had in Scene 1. Cut to medium shot, this time the rock is being held by a First Nations Elder. Beside the Elder stands a Frenchman – it is Dr.

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Francois Gendron. The Elder speaks of the rock’s use by his people as a medicine, his words are interpreted by a Donne who enters the frame. The elder hands the rock to the Dr., who takes it with interest. The Dr. produces from a satchel another white rock and compares the two. He seems pleased and notes that they are indeed similar. The Dr. proceeds with the rocks to a pile of his belongings and uncovers the mortar that was discovered in Scene 1. The Dr. goes about crushing the rock in the mortar, looking pleased, as another native fellow brings a larger pile of stones over. Cut to CU of the rock being ground in the mortar.

• Bill Allen is going to tell us about the French Apothecary’s mortar find o He will put into context the French Presence and what they were doing there

How the Mortar Got there (1645, Brebuff) Iroquoian Wars

• Were there any specific conflicts in this region? What the Mortar was used for The mission at St. Marie, the La Ronde Trading Post, Sandy Island

Trading Post, Fur Trade Original Idea that object was in possession of Wendat – Coin’s Theory

• New Archaeological thought posits that the piece was in the possession of the Anishinabek because there are 4 potholes in the area (which is a sacred number of the Anishinabek)

• SCENE 3: A female Anishinabe singer in traditional regalia performing in solo at sunrise accompanied by only a hand drum.

o Stewart King will Discuss: Anishinabek Migration to Wasauksing, following the receding of

the last ice age Rock Formations (the Turtle)

• Stewart King will pull back further and give a broader look at the Anishinabe place in the “Woodlands” surrounding the Great Lakes, discussing:

o “Pre-contact” relationship and trade connections between the Anishinabe and the Haundenosaunee and other first nations on Turtle Island.

o The Three Fires Confederacy o 13 Month Cycle (Seasonal Usage of Land) o Seagull Egg Gathering

• SCENE 4: A group of first nations people visit an Island and harvest a few Seagull eggs (check with MNR about this?)

o Names and awareness of Landscape (ie, Wahwasashkesh, Seguin, Wasauksing)

o Reflective Rock Formations – we pan to one of them o What were some of the immediate affects of European contact and early

colonization? What affect did the fur trade have upon the relationship between the Anishinabe and the Haundenosaunee? What resulted from the “Iroquoian wars”? Did the Anishinabe eventually return to this region? Why?

Chapter 2: Fringed with Fire

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The second chapter is structured around Anna Jamieson’s 1836 journey around the great lakes and down the Georgian Bay Shore. She is probably the “first European tourist” to the region, and comments on the stunning beauty of the Georgian Bay shore while traveling down in a birch bark canoe. She is a thoughtful observer of the events happening in Upper Canada at this time, in particular the looming Rebellions of 1837. The Rebellions had a significant impact upon the Parry Sound District. It was the leaders of this Rebellion who, after receiving amnesty and returning to Canada, were actively involved in the Free Land Grants movement and the opening of Ontario’s northern hinterland to European colonization. Primary Interview Subjects: Stewart King, Anna Jamieson Historian, Gibson House Museum Curator, Dr. Colin Read (Rebellions Expert), John MacFie, Dave Thomas, John Beaucage • SCENE 5: Cut to shot of reflective rocks. The camera pans over and we see a

Victorian woman looking sideways at the rocks and the reflections as described by Stewart King in the previous section – it is Anna Jamieson. Cut to CU of her face – she looks interested/confused/curious. From off camera we hear a man calling to her, “Anna, it’s time to go.” She looks toward the voice and then looks back at the rocks and continues to study them. The voice calls again, “Anna!” Cut to medium shot of Anna walking down Georgian Bay rock toward a man whose back is to us – from his back we can see that he is a well-to-do government official – it is S.P. Jarvis. Jarvis jokingly remarks to Anna, “Honestly, don’t they have rocks in England?” She replies, “Of Course, but none so lovely. And you shall confess ere long that the Roman emperor, who proclaimed rewards for the discovery of a new pleasure, ought to have made a voyage down Lake Huron in a birch-bark Canoe.” Jarvis agrees, “Yes, yes, and ere long I shall have to return to York, now into the canoe with you.” Jarvis helps Anna into a birch-bark canoe where two native guides are ready to paddle. Anna continues to proclaim the loveliness of the area, saying, “ [But all of those groups of islands we passed], countless in number, various in form, little fairy Eden’s – populous with life and love, and glowing in light and colour under a meridian sun. I remember we came into a circular basin, of about three miles in diameter, so surrounded with islands, that when once within the circle…” Her native guides look to each other in a medium shot, rolling their eyes as she continues to monologue, in Anishinabek Native Guide one says, “here she goes again.” Native guide laughs. Cut to next scene.

• SCENE 6: Anna and her party are in a large birch bark canoe full of traveling gear. Anna is under her parasol, writing in her diary while her two native guides are paddling the canoe. She will also look at Bayfield's hydrographic survey. We need her quote about “Henry” for this part.

• SCENE 7: Anna comes upon the Turtle as described in the previous section. The natives leave tobacco at the site. Anna places some as well, in the same manner as the natives, Jarvis looks slightly annoyed and wants to leave. Fade to black.

o Anna V.O.: “After dinner we pursued our course through an archipelago of inlets, rising out of the blue waves, and fringe with white water-lilies […] we landed on one, where there was a rock so exactly resembling the head and part of a turtle, that I could have taken it for sculpture. The Indians look upon it as sacred, and it is customary for all who pass to leave an

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offering in memory, tobacco, corn & etc., to the spirit. I duly left mine, but I could see by the laughing eyes of Jacques and Louis, that “the spirit” was not likely to be the better for my devotion.” (303)

• Cut to Interview subjects who discuss: o Anna Jamieson tours around in 1836

She will introduce us to the “Romance” of the 30,000 islands as the first tourist – she wrote extensively in her journals about the region’s beauty

• Through Anna we learn about: o Bayfield’s Hydrographic Survey (She uses his map – mentions him as

“Henry”) Strategic survey because of war of 1812 Looking for link between Ottawa and Georgian Bay Results in the re-naming of “Parry Sound”

• SCENE 8: Henry Bayfield and Phillip Edward Collins, two men in their 20s, survey the 20,00 islands in a small bateau using a lead line, sextant and three arm protractor to conduct a Hydrographic survey.

o Bayfield: “We have ascertained the Shape, size & situation of upwards of 6,000 islands, fiats and Rocks. We have been cut off entirely from society since we reached Lake Huron – particularly female society.”

o Movement of Pottawatomie to area Samuel Peters Jarvis is in her party – he’s primarily there because of

Manitoulin and the Manitowaning Settlement, he could discuss with Jamieson the opening of Manitoulin as a reserve for native peoples, including American natives – and the movement of native peoples to Canada – including the Pottawatomie

• (Show a map of Anna’s Journey, showing they had come from Manitoulin)

Stewart King discusses: the affects of creeping westward colonization and how the policies of American expansionism after the War of 1812 force the Pottawatomie to the region.

o Rebellions of 1837 (she notes how unhappy the people are – anticipates rebellion) – could come out in her writings where is this text?

In Jamieson’s writings she notes Islands are “Fringed with fire” – which could segway to Gibson’s house burning during rebellion.

o SCENE 9: Med./long crane shot of Anna sitting on a crest of rocks – we begin by looking at her in half profile, we crane around to her back, keeping her central and a deep red sunset is revealed. Various shots of Anna writing in diary. Various shots of sunset reflecting off of water, the reflective water lapping at the rocks, shots of silhouetted islands. End with shot of Anna in silhouette as the sun sinks. Shots of the sun sinking (time-lapse fade to black)

Anna V.O. as Scene 7 unfolds: “I wish I could give you the least idea of the beauty of this evening; but while I try to put in words what was before me, the sense of its ineffable loveliness overpowers me now even as it did then. The sun had set in that cloudless splendour, and that peculiar blending of rose and amber light that belongs only to these climes and Italy; the lake lay weltering under the western sky like a bath of molten gold; the rocky islands which studded its surface were of a dense purple, except where their edges seemed fringed with fire…”

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o SCENE 10: In black, we hear audio of men yelling, we fade up on an evening scene as it is increasingly illuminated by men running into the frame with torches. One or two men turn and fire off a shot. Med. Shot of numerous men running past a man guarding a few prisoners – they are all dressed in farmers clothing, some carry pitch forks. The guard, David Gibson, grabs one of the men by the arm and asks him – “What’s happening – why are you retreating?” The haulted man answers “There was an ambush – Colonial soldiers everywhere” - he breaks free of Gibson’s grasp and continues to run. Gibson looks disappointed as the rebels continue to run past him and he fades into black as the torch light disappears.

• Narration or cut to Doug Leighton interview explaining reasons for rebellion, and the results of the rebellion

o SCENE 11: Cut to med shot of an office scene where two men are going over some papers at a desk – they are William Lyon Mackenzie and John Rolph. A third man enters the room – the two rise to greet him – Rolph shaking his hand saying “Mr. Gibson,” Mackenzie then shakes his hand saying “David.” Mackenzie continues saying – “Well, thanks to our dear friend, George Lambton, we are all happily re-united on Queen Victoria’s soil” – Gibson responds saying, “Yes – and thankfully our feet tread upon it instead of swing over it!” They all laugh. Rolph continues saying, “Speaking of the Crown’s lands, a position has become available in the government that may interest a man of your skill…” Audio becomes in audible as crane pulls out from men as they continue to talk. Narration comes in:

Narration: Proceeding the rebellions, George Lambton – the Earl of Durham, charged with investigating the grievances of the rebels and people of Upper Canada found that the rebels’ criticisms had some validity. As a result, the rebel leaders were granted amnesty, returned to Upper Canada – and took up seats in the government. David Gibson was charged with surveying the Huron/Ottawa Tract and would lay the foundation for settlement in Upper Canada’s Northern reaches.

o Cut to Interview Subjects Discussing: Durham Report – Lord Durham suggests representational democracy

in Upper Canada – which requires settlement expansion, and suggests rebels were correct

Rebels receive amnesty and return to Canada Expansionism Policies suggested by Durham report: John Beaucage

discusses the motivations, implementations and outcomes of the Robinson-Huron Treaty

o SCENE 12: Huron-Robinson treaty signing • Discuss the reserves created by the Robinson-Huron Treaty

(Parry Island, Shawanaga, Magnetawan, Henvey Inlet) • Were their any problems with this treaty?

o William Lyon Mackenzie introduces into Legislative Assembly the Public Land Act of 1853 – first iteration of free-land act which begins establishment of colonization roads into Muskoka and Parry Sound area

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o Introduce David Gibson – describing rebellion and Gibson’s role o Step-brothers of David Gibson Arrive in Parry Sound area in 1856

Their brother would’ve know the area really well (as he was the one to organize the surveys of it), which likely resulted in their picking of the best natural harbour in the district – Parry Sound

• SCENE 13: We are looking at a name plate on a door, it says "David Gibson - Inspector of Crown Lands Agencies, Superintendent of Colonization Roads." The door is pushed open by an assistant carrying an armful of surveys. David Gibson is revealed in his office. The assistant puts down the surveys on the desk and leaves. Gibson picks up one of the rolls (?). It is of the Parry Sound area of the Georgian Bay Coast, David writes a note near the promising harbour. Cut to CU of the harbour on map.

• SCENE 14: Fade from CU of harbour on map on David Gibson’s desk to CU of Harbour map in one of the Gibson step-brothers’ hands. Cut to Med. Shot of Gibson brothers in a small Mackinaw sailboat on Georgian Bay. They look excited and are heading toward a promising milling future – “look at all the great timber up here” etc.

• Allude to idea that more and more settlers are coming North Chapter 3: The Governor Chapter three deals with the establishment of the community of Parry Sound, lead by William Beatty and family. It follows the early development of the town under the guidance of the Methodist lay-preacher, and reveals that William has a different vision for Parry Sound than the rest of his family who leave for other interests. We will discuss the Covenant, the Waubano, the Parry Sound Road, “campground meetings”, and Beatty’s political life. Beatty creates the infrastructure necessary to develop the West Parry Sound District. Primary Interview Subjects: John MacFie, Doris Muckenheim, Jim Beatty, Evelyn Moore, Laurine Tremain, Dave Thomas • SCENE 15: MORTAR SCENE: We see a man walking towards the scene of the

stump pulling in Scene 1 – Nathan Little comes up to him and greets him with his father. The men say hello and Nathan leads the man into their rustic cabin. Once inside Nathan draws the man to an object that has been covered by a burlap sack in the corner. Nathan removes the sack and we get to see the business man’s face for the first time – it is William Beatty Jr. – he looks excited and tells the boy, “How about I put this in safe keeping so that one day, everyone will know the riches of our home” The boy nods in agreement. Beatty gets up to speak with the boy’s father and their discussion becomes inaudible as we fade out. Narration comes in describing Beatty and how he had arrived in Parry Sound and was helpful in settling countless pioneers like Nathan Little and his family.

• SCENE 16: Flash forward to Beatty’s Campground Meeting. It’s a very active scene, Natives and European settlers alike, William Jr. is preaching (a sermon against alcohol?) and others are yelling in agreement, they all break out into a hymn at William Jr.'s command.

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o This leads us into the logistics of the Beatty Settlement • Cut to interview subjects discussing:

o Beatty’s arrive 1863 – a partnership of William Senior, William Jr. and James Beatty buy up Land and timber rights for the Parry Sound Estate (forfeited by Gibsons) o Partnership owns:

Lands and mill purchased for lumbering (they get out of lumbering and milling in 1871)

Develop waterways for log drivers by building canals, dams, etc. o Begin service of Waubano –1865 o Develop Colonization Roads

Parry Sound Road -1863 begun, completed 1867 (connects Parry Sound to rest of civilization and other colonization roads, i.e. Rosseau-Nipissing Road), and Great North Road is Begun 1867

o Beatty Partnership Breaks Up 1871 William Senior retires for Thorold James takes over running of Waubano, leaves for Sarnia and pursues

Great Lakes Shipping William Jr. Takes over running of town

• SCENE 17: Shots of William Junior working in an office – going over maps and deeds, amending the covenant, maybe writing diary type notes pondering how to get settlers to move to area: roads, transportation – LAND!!!

• Cut to Interview subjects Discussing: o How William Jr. had a vision for the town o Beatty Covenant / Methodist Utopia -1869 official town plan, but in 1871

William Beatty takes sole possession of town site and Beatty Covenant takes effect

o The South Side of the Seguin River (Parry Harbour) was where those who wanted to drink and/or were Catholics had to live

o This leads us to believe that William had a different vision than the other two Beatty’s in the partnership – the odd one out – the only one who stays behind. William Jr. is trying to create a community, as opposed to just getting lumber and producing as many board-feet as possible

This may be why he supported the Free Land Grants – Beatty makes real the potential for taking up the land and the potential of the North by creating infrastructure, stability and a sense of “place” for early residents.

o Switch over to Beatty’s Political side – MP for Welland – elected 1867 • He was key in penning the Free-Land and Homestead Act in

1869 Chapter 4: The Great North Road Chapter four will deal with the development of the interior of the West Parry Sound District through the creation of the Great North Road, and the settlers who followed the road into the wilderness seeking Free Land Grants. It will discuss the difficulty of farming the southern shield, the reasons for this difficulty, and what settlers did to

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overcome this hardship. The rise of McKeller and other inland towns, such as Dunchurch, Whitestone, Ahmic Harbour and Magnetawan will be discussed. It will explore the symbiotic relationship that formed between the farmers and the lumber companies. The chapter ends with the remigration of many of the original settlers to the west, in particular the “Parry Sound Colony” near Fort Saskatchewan. Interview Subjects: John MacFie, Cliff Croswell, Cathy Evoy, Evelyn Moore, Carol Casscanette, Don Christie, Doris Muckenheim, Shirley Brouwen, Morris and Verna Burden, Ron Ramsay, Dave Thomas, Perry Harris, John Beaucage • Building of Great North Road • Discussing physical construction

o The Beatty Contract o First Settlers aided in Construction, i.e.:

Moores and McKoewns in McKeller (Evelyn Watkins-Moore can discuss this)

MacFie Family – Dunchurch Crosswell Family – Ahmic Harbour Harris Family - Rosseau

• In Discussion of Great North Road – note that road quality was poor – so you didn’t want to stay on it for extended periods

o Out of this came the In-Land Steamers and the development of 2 travel corridors

One toward Ahmic Harbour, Magnetawan, and Burk’s Falls • Steamboats arrive in Ahmic 1880 • Alligators are used to pull log booms from lake to lake

The other route encompassing McKeller, Dunchurch and most areas to the west of Ahmic Harbour (the Great North Road)

• First Hiccup in Story – Southern Shield Farming • Some people were successful, George Kelcey of Dunchurch, September 1, 1880:

o New land can be cleared up and fenced with rails and logs for $13 an acre... I have between 500 and 600 acres of land, of which a little over 100 acres are cleared. One third of the soil is light and two thirds is clay, about 25 percent of the land is rough and rocky... I sometimes manage to raise good crops of fall what on new land, but it does not pay to raise it on old land, as there seems to be something lacking in the soil. Oats are always a good crop in our settlement. I had 60 bushels to the acre last year, on land where there were a good many stumps […] I always seeded down my land with the first crop, and plough it up after it had been in grass about five years. My yield averages 1 1/4 tons to the acre [...] I have been very successful in growing turnips. Potatoes do well with me too [...] last year I planted 24 bushels, from which I got 450 bushels.

• Land for Farming is generally Horrible! • SCENE 18: MacFie Interview and Farming-Reenactment: One of the MacFie’s

takes us around their farm, showing us the problems that the first Euro settlers would have faced, and how they might have tried to overcome them – showing us, poor soil,

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rocks, flooded land and broken land. Where feasible, the interview will fade to shots of Pioneer settlers doing those things to the land (i.e, removing rocks)

• Montage of all of the Settler Families explaining why land wasn’t particularly suited for farming

• They will discuss: o Poor soil o Rocks o Flooded land o Small amount of workable land o Introduce rattlesnake issue

Cathy Evoy’s story of Grandfather lifting up bail of hey – snakes falling out

Pigs used in fight against Rattlesnakes • Farmers had to do more than farm to survive – they often turned to Lumbering • Positive Outcome: A symbiotic relationship forms between farmers and

lumbermen o SCENE 19: story of Whitestone Lumberman Robert Buchanan (John MacFie)

Before scene begins we hear audio of a lumberjack song coming up as interviewees discuss farmer/lumberman relationship

Cut to interior of small pioneer cabin, the singing continues. A girl is playing with dolls on the floor. Robert Buchanan opens the door – we see now that he was the one singing. The child, Pearl, runs to her father in delight – he continues singing as he picks her up and hold her tight. Begin V.O.

o V.O. of Pearl Buchanon (Daughter) “It was 22 summers that he drove the maganetawan river. Until they got down past deer (Wahwashkesh) Lake, he’d get home sometimes. He’d come home with these tricks. Grab hold of the top of the door and put his chin up to the top. He’d have us all trying these tricks. The broom trick; jumping over the broom handle between your two hands... Another one was you stood on one leg and held your other foot up behind you, and then you got down and up again without touching anything. You can get down but you can’t get up unless you’re used to it. Dad learned many songs in the camps and he would sing them to us on Saturday nights, sitting with is feet toasting under the old high-oven stove after his long walk home. He would strike up a tune and finish it with his eyes closed, in a long drawn out note to end the concert-like evening’s entertainment. He just had one horse and didn’t put in much crop. He’s home come and plow the ground for potatoes and mother would put them in.”

• Imagery under V.O. – Buchanan doing a chin-up, the child and the father jumping over broom sticks, trying to get down and up on one leg. Buchanan sitting by the fire with his feet up, Pearl on his lap. He begins to sing the same song he came through the door with, he grows quieter and quieter, as if with sleep, fade to black, fade out audio.

• SCENE 20: Come up on montage footage of a forest, audio of leaves softly blowing. Cut to medium shot of an older man walking through the woods. He is scruffy and

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looks very determined, he is wearing part of a military uniform. We see that he is carrying an axe. He is grumbling to himself about “a nursery for disease, toads and insects” as he trudges through a swampy area, and begins half heartedly humming the song that Buchanan was singing.

• Cut back to Interview: o Negative Outcome: Came out of the structure of the free-land grants, i.e:

The settlers weren’t granted lumber rights – the lumbermen could take trees off of the settlers lands

The Lumbermen had water rights – could change levels of water and flow of water (John MacFie)

• SCENE 20 (cont’d): Ferris vs. Armstrong (John MacFie V.O.?) John Macfie V.O. : Armstrong’s were a successful McKeller family,

initially served farmer’s needs, realized later that serving lumbermen was more lucrative

Armstrong’s built dam for log driving, flooded Ferris’s farm Frank Ferris was a British Half-Pay Officer Conflict ensued – Ferris ends up leaving area for US

o Imagery Under V.O. unfolds as MacFie tells story: We understand now that the man marching through the woods is Ferris. More imagery of Ferris trudging through swamp. He arrives at a crude wooden damn structure and begins hacking at it. He begins singing the Buchanan lumberjack song louder and louder – as if for victory. When he is satisfied he goes to leave coughing slightly, complaining of “miasmatic vapors arising from the drowned land around my house.” He walks away; fade to black as MacFie explains that Ferris left area.

• Cut back to Interview: Parry Sound Colony o Disappointed farmers leave for West o Mass exodus to Fort Saskatchewan Alberta happens between 1892-1902 o Peter Andrews: Sends a letter from the “Parry Sound Settlement” in North

Saskatchewan River, Near Edmonton: You asked me how I liked it living in this country, well I like it well and

I would not think of going back to live there, I was there too long for my own good. I would say that this is the place for a man that intended to make his living farming. There was 50 bushels of what to the acre last harvest, and from 75 to 80 of oats, and I planted 6 bags of potatoes and I dug 145 bushels... horses is cheap... the cattle has lived on prairie all winter till now... I got a nice piece broke on my place and I got the posts and rails out to put up my fence so I expect o have a crop next summer...

o Hundreds, perhaps thousands of people leave (can come back to this story at very end of film, as Albertans continue to come back to area to discover their roots)

• There was another group of people who did not benefit very much from the Free Land and Homesteads Act, the resident Anishinabe.

o Effects of the Free Grant and Homestead Act and settlement upon traditional first nations economies

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o John Beaucage will discuss the impact of settlement upon the natural hunting and gathering practices of the Anishinabe.

o What effect did early fishing and hunting laws have upon First Nation families?

• Some European settlers stayed. Those who did needed to find ways to survive. They developed unique ways to live in the “near north.”

o Discuss the lifestyle of those who stayed in West Parry Sound (John MacFie): Cheese (Dunchurch Cheese Association) The cream cheque Maple Sugar Harvesting Trapping Hunting Hemlock Bark Small Scale Lumbering off of their properties

o The developed specialized tools to live amongst the island - i.e., Scoots developed in 1932 – kids would often take these to island schools, said to be invented by the Dion family of Woods Bay

Chapter 5: The Archipelago Chapter five will discuss the maritime heritage of the West Parry Sound District and the early history of some of those who have traveled the 30,000. This chapter will dive into the story of the Waubano and Asia, marine navigation issues, commercial fishing and lumber boats (basically all of the vessels using the lake up until the Depot Harbour era). Interview Subjects: Glen Parr, Doris Muckenheim, Wally Reed, Steven Duff, Dave Thomas, John MacFie, Steven Wohleber, others? • SCENE 21: Shots of SCENE 18 flash briefly. Then back to black. After a few

seconds of black we hear only audio of a woman’s voice whispering: “Henry…Henry?” (Insert there whatever the man’s actual name was). There is no response – we hear the woman fiddling with something – we soon see the light from an oil lamp. A man and a woman are revealed in their bed. She calls to him again, pushing him lightly this time, “Henry” He responds groggily – “What is it?” She responds, growing more and more frantic and concerned: “I had a dream – a horrible dream. It was about the boat – the Waubano. The weather turned and, and something went wrong. The boat began creaking most horribly – and then the creaking turned to screams as the wood began to shatter. The passengers began spilling into the waves and before I could do anything I was in the water trying to keep my head up. I can still feel how cold it was. It was so cold.” Henry: “That’s because you’ve been perspiring – look you’re all damp – of course you’re freezing.” He hugs her. Woman: “Oh Henry, please – we can’t get on that boat!” Henry: “We don’t have a choice – it’s the last boat of the season and there’ll be no more.” Woman: “But Henry-“ He responds: “Come now, it was only a dream” He continues to hold her and stroke her hair. He then proceeds to blow out the lamp – cut to black with blowing out of lamp.

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• Fade up on pic of the Waubano and Interview Subjects Discuss Sinking of Waubano:

o Waubano Sinks 1879 – 25 people die (estimate) o There are premonitions of its sinking, and ghosts sited afterwards o SCENE 22: Montage of images – Female dreamer from SCENE 17

struggling in water amidst floating luggage, wood debris. o Cut to Interview Subjects Discussing: how Waubano wasn’t the only one:

Sinking of Asia in 1882 – there were 32 deaths when the Asia sunk, it was dubbed the Titanic of Georgian Bay, the reason that the region was mapped in its entirety

o 30 000 islands – Marine Navigation Issues Changing water levels Shoals Difficulty with directions – the islands weren’t mapped Weather

• Tie the lighthouses to this • Tie Pointe au Baril “Barrel Story”

o Use this story to segway into commercial fishing • Machinah Boat Re-Enactment SCENE 23 (Apparently there is a mackinah boat

replica in Collingwood – the museum there would know who was in control of it) • Commercial Fishing

o Mink Islands – used as a fishing camp Sail boats towed up from Collingwood area initially, then from Parry

Sound to islands, men fished from here o Byng Inlet/ Britt Fishermen – Gas Can story

• Other Boats that Navigated the Coast were owned by the Lumber Interests o From both Parry Sound and Byng Inlet

Major Operators from Parry Sound were the Phelps-Dodge company, who also bought out the Gibson’s (of Parry Sound) second attempt at Milling, in Byng Inlet

• As boat traffic increased, the Department of Marine (Coast Guard) set up in Parry Sound (1905), to help manage waterways.

• The smaller maritime endeavors of Georgian Bay, would soon be surpassed by the scale of operations envisioned by Ottawa Entrepreneur J.R. Booth

Chapter 6: Experiments in Industry Chapter six discusses several attempts to develop heavy industry in the Parry Sound District. The construction of Depot Harbour on Parry Island by J.R. Booth cut 700 km off the trip to and from Montreal, spurring an industrial boom in the region. Coal, Iron Ore and Oil Tanks pop up in Byng Inlet, Key Harbour and Parry Sound. There were even several mining attempts in the region, but these quickly fizzled out. A stop on the newly created CPR railway called Ambo was soon to be renamed Nobel and to act in both world wars as a bustling hub for thousands working at the region’s explosive plants, and, following WW2, a testing facility for Orenda engines. Unfortunately, all of these booms

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eventually went bust, prompting residents to seek other ways to sustain themselves economically. Interview Subjects: Joe Brunati, Dave Thomas, Stewart King, Paul Gray, Ron Ramsay, John MacFie, Steven Duff, Don Christie, John Beaucage and Marie Pegahmagabow-Anderson. • SCENE 24: Cut from black as man lifts a burlap sac off of the camera lens (so it’s a

med. Shot from underneath a burlap sac to reveal scene). We are in a dim, barn-like setting – there is a rich orange/yellow light and plenty of dust in the air. Cut to med. Shots of men stacking boxes of freight and sacks of flour, sugar, toys, etc. The men keep coming and coming with more and more freight – it seems endless. Use this same scene to go into Joe Burnati’s chocolate snatching story – one of the men stacking boxes catches the kids.

• Narration: Even before the turn of the century, Industrialists began to formulate plans to develop the industrial potential of the near-north (INSERT INTERVIEW SEGEMENT FROM CLAIRE CAMBELL HERE)

• Booth’s Vision o He wanted to create an inland route to the St. Lawrence that was dreamed

about in the early surveys – only he had the technology of railways, and was not restricted to Waterways

o His overland route cut 700 kms off of the trip to Montreal o Booth owned timber limits in the area outside of Ottawa and moved North

along Ottawa River His first big contract was to supply the timbers for the new Parliament

Buildings (1870’s) Quickly the timber interests became secondary to the Railroading – he

knew he was in striking distance of creating the short cut to the Atlantic – and set his eye on Parry Sound

• But, Parry Sound already had a railway under construction – which had been begun by Beatty

o It was a lighter railway and of a smaller gauge o It was a colonization railroad – another way to open the interior for lumbering

and people • It came as a surprise to the settlers and natives of Parry Island – because Booth knew

that Railroads had the right to expropriate native lands o In 1895 the Ojibwe of Parry Sound were forced to sell 314.5 acres to

Booth o Booth buys up the Parry Sound Railway from the Beatty’s, rips it up, and lays

larger gauge track o Booth’s company: Canadian Atlantic Transit Company – had a railroad and

seven ships o In 1899, Booth buys another 110 acres for the Depot Harbour Town site –

which would include 310 homes, a 110 room hotel, and various out buildings and services

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Difference between Beatty’s Town and Booth’s – Booth OWNS Depot Harbour, people rent from him

• Booth and Beatty had two different visions and personalities and different goals for development. Booth’s idea was to make Parry Harbour a serious trans-shipment point, he was a serious businessman, while Beatty was looking for community from his efforts.

Discuss Life at Depot Harbour (Joe Brunati) o SCENE 24 (Cont’d): Re-enact Joe’s story of snitching chocolate a Depot.

One of the men who was stacking boxes hears rustling and hushed voices from behind the crates. He goes to investigate and sees a bunch of young children leaning over a large brown block with their backs to them. “Hey” he yells at them – they all turn around abruptly - their faces are covered in chocolate – they are trying to look innocent. One of the children is holding a little pic and tries to conceal it, another one of the boys wipes his mouth to try and get rid of the evidence. The freight stacker shouts: “Go on now – get out of here!” The children scatter. The freight stacker laughs grabs a piece of chocolate, and returns to his work.

• With the beginning of Depot and the shipping opportunities – a number of industries pop up in the Parry Sound Area to replace the previously dominant lumber industry, i.e.:

Parry Sound Wood Turners Limited, Parry Sound Smelting Operation, Canada Chemical Company

The discovery of Copper, Nickel, Gold and Cobalt farther north in the province beaconed prospectors to look throughout the shield for any potential mineral deposits. From PSPL web site: Several gold mines were opened in the area, but not much gold was found. The McGown mine, located two miles south of town, was opened in 1894. The mine was sold in 1899 for three million dollars to an American syndicate. The new company started mining for copper, but there was only enough to keep producing for a couple of years. It was rumored the largest amount of copper was right under the lake, and the only way to access it was to drain the lake, a nearly impossible task. All mines in the area were closed by 1913.

o During industrial boom – the CPR hits Parry Sound in 1907, and pushes through up to Sudbury

The massive Parry Sound Trestle Bridge is built • As the Railroad pushes north, a Coal Dock and Yard is established at Byng Inlet

(CPR Spur line built in 1910) • Farther north, at Key Harbour, a Spur line was built in 1907 to the competing

Canadian Northern Railway by Mackenzie and Mann, who hoped to develop an Iron mine and smelting operation at Sellwood north of Sudbury. The plan was to ship smelted iron out of Key Harbour, unfortunately they realized they needed 3x the amount of coal in order to smelt the iron, so instead they started to ship ore pellets out of Key Harbour in 1909. From “Key Harbour Ghost Town web site”

o In 1912, a sabotage plot was spoiled, but the associated fire caused damage to the loading docks and trestle. They were promptly repaired and operations

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resumed the following spring. In almost no time, tragedy struck again. On Good Friday in the spring of 1913, a wind storm blew down the incline, that was situated above an ore storage building, and trimmed more than half the train shed off.

o The harbour closed in 1920, but was re-opened again in 1929, this time shipping coal for six weeks every summer from the Canadian National Railway’s mine in West Virginia.

• Shortly after the Railroad pushes North of Parry Sound and through Ambo (Nobel) – a man named Frank Langford began buying up property in Ambo – in 1912

o Rumors spread throughout Parry Sound of a new development being built up in Ambo on Langford’s 5000 acres – it was rumored to be a Goat Farm

• SCENE 25: Come up shot of goat happily eating grass. Then when the actual fate of the Nobel property is revealed by Narrator or interview subject – “blow-up” the goat with a fake explosion and then cut back to same location with a hole in the ground and no sign of the goat.

o Cut to interview subjects or narration: But, by 1913 the land had been developed into CXL (Canadian Explosives Limited) and was soon producing dynamite, gelatin, and cordite

The land was chosen for numerous reasons: • It was far enough from large populations – in case of

explosions • It was near the route of a planned canal system that would

connect the industry to Ottawa • It was close to the Northern Ontario mining sector (Sudbury,

etc) • There were also nearby diatomaceous earth mines

o CONTEXT: Ambo was re-named “NOBEL” after the Swedish scientist/philanthropist and inventor of Dynamite, Alfred Bernard Nobel. The plant was known as the “Nobel Works” and before the war employed 150 people.

From “Notes and Sketches on the History of Parry Sound,” pg 100: • 1913 – Immediately following the acquisition of the desired

property surveys and plans proceeded rapidly for the erection of the explosives plant including together docks and unloading facilities on the water front and for a village on the fine beach not far to the west of the power house area from which plant steam was supplied for heating purposes.

• 1914 – Production of first dynamite by the summer of 1914 just prior to the outbreak of WW1. Normal production of dynamite ceased and the construction of a large munitions plant for the production of Cordite began.

o CONTEXT: From Wikipwedia.org: Cordite was a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in the United Kingdom from the late 19th Century to replace Gunpowder as a military propellant for large weapons, such as tank guns, artillery and naval guns. Mark I Cordite was also used in the .303 British standard rifle cartridge between 1891 and 1915. Cordite has been used since World War I by the UK and British Commonwealth countries.

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Its use was further developed in the early years of World War II, as 2 inch and 3-inch diameter solid-fuel rockets for launching anti-aircraft weapons.[1] Small Cordite rocket charges were also developed for Ejector seats made by the Martin-Baker Company.

o Animation: Show how cordite would be used inside of different weapon systems (ie small arms and artillery shells).

1915 – Two Cordite and Gun Cotton lines had a total output of 40,000 lbs of size “8” cordite.

• Cordite Production: "Each cordite line was compartmented to minimize hazard. The operators were in concrete cells off to one side. Cordite had nitroglycerine and guncotton as its principal constituents and was mixed and then pressed through dies and readiness for use as an artillery shell propellant. An operator pushing a 500-pound capacity handcart along what was called the “Angel Walk” supplied each cell with nitro. All shoes were grounded to eliminate sparking, and employees showered and changed their clothes before leaving the plant. Nitroglycerine fumes were invasive, and until the operators got used to the environment they would have acute headaches." (8)

1916 – A shrapnel loading plant was constructed. In June of 1916 operations were discontinued as a result of a disastrous fire and explosion resulting in the deaths of seven (PSPL WEB SITE) persons and serious injury to many others. (NOTE: Research Newspaper Articles for more info on this)

1916 – A “New Village” constructed on old Wilkinson” homestead site about a mile south of their Nobel Works overlooking the waters of the Sound. It had twenty-six homes with a bowling alley, rifle range, large club house and fine recreation centre.

British Cordite Limited (BCL) is developed (managed by CXL people). This came into production towards the end of 1917, with 80,000 lbs per day of cordite output. The CXL plant across the road was closed. From 3500 to 4000 people were employed in the plant, most of them living in Parry Sound but some living in Nobel. NOTE: Dave Thomas has a photo of the Manager, Mr. Armstrong, on horseback

• The plant’s business got a huge boost with the beginning of WWI o It wasn’t only Parry Sound explosives heading overseas, but it’s people as

well o Included is: Francis Pegahmagabow

“Peggy” was a renowned sharp shooter One of the most decorated Canadian soldiers in history Around 400 kills to his credit He fought in the same Battalion as Roy MacFie and other PS recruits

o Interview: Marie Pegahmagabow-Andersen, Francis’ only surviving daughter, will discuss

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The lifestyle and personal experiences of Francis Pegamagabow upon his return from WW1

How was Francis treated upon his return? How was he treated during the War?

Were his accomplishments every adequately recognized by the government of Canada?

• When Peggy returns home to Parry Island, Depot Harbour is booming o Interview subjects discuss Depot Harbour at its height o In Parry Sound, Imperial Oil had just completed construction of a 420,000

Gallon Oil tank and pump house in 1921, which would eventually grow to 22.2 million gallons. The tank farm served as a supply depot for tank cars providing a point of delivery for oil to Northern Ontario and western Quebec. (from PSBS September 16th 2000)

• At CXL and BCL, Following the cessation of hostilities in 1918, all munitions plants – Cordite and T.N.T. were closed and a year later completely dismantled and quickly became overgrown with popular, alder and brush. In 1922 the Dynamite and Gelatin plant on the other side of the tracks closed for 5 years due to low demand. Limited operations (about 20,000 lbs per day) resumed in 1927 with about 100 employees, the year that CXL changed it name to “Canadian Industries Limited.”

• SCENE 26: In same barn from SCENE 20 – the men are now removing the boxes until the space is left empty – all that remains a crate of dynamite. The camera dollies into the box.

Joe Burnati discusses cause of crash – deepening of Welland Canal in 1928, better lakes navigation, and the slow decline of Depot Harbour

WWII breaks out – Joe’s Dad is Fired • DIL (Defense Industries Limited) pops up over BCL site

o In 1938 the Defense Industries Limited sprang up on the East Side of the highway

o The plant borrowed workers from across the road, and was to manufacture "nitroglycerine, TNT, guncotton, demolition slabs and primers, cordite for artillery propellant, and nitric and sulphuric acids." (5)

o Plant had a peak payroll of 4300 – everybody worked there or knew somebody that did – I.e., John MacFie (Insert Interview)

What did this mean for the region’s economy? o Parry Sound had pop of 6000 at this time - during the war, families shared

houses with other families, and there were several wartime housing developments, and the 'square' in Nobel village

o Nobel had three dormitories, recreation centre, and grocery store. o Dormitories provided 2000 men and women with accommodation at the plant o Shanty's grew up along "the Back Road" (Hammel Avenue) o It was Dangerous work, especially the TNT production facility. Bill Hall

described the events on November 18th, 1940: [check local newspapers for this]“Gerald Hammel had been welding inside a large tank adjacent to a TNT building which had blown; the concussion killed him. His assistant, Mr. Pickles, survived for three days. Both TNT operators had escaped, but there was a third death. I was on shift on rifle cordite range 5 when the explosion

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took place. Three men died in the explosion, Hammel, Pickles and Totman. Totman’s body was not found till daylight the next day. It was well away from the explosion, in a swamp. You see, the TNT blending was done in a building with walls bermed by embankments 18 feel thick at the base. The TNT buildings had roofs of very light structure that were to rise and allow blast forces to be directed upwards. There were escape chutes extending down and outwards through the berms. One operator was responsible for controlling the batching and mixing operation, and the second was responsible for monitoring mix temperature, with one hand on a valve which would admit water and drown the mix if the temperature rose too high. In this case, drowning was probably too long delayed, and the escaping operators had no time to warn Gerald and his assistant.”

Imagery for above: Newspaper articles, Steadicam float though of the site, photos/ plans of the site, and PERHAPS an animation showing what the explosion made have looked like.

o One of the most dangerous parts of working in the production of explosives is the extensive use of acids required in the various stages of preparation. Don Christie’s father worked at DIL, and remembers an accident: Insert Don Christie interview about acid spill here.

o Narration: However, there were very few accidents at CIL/ DIL during WW2, considering that more than 4,000 people were employed there at the time.

• With the end of WWII, DIL and Depot Harbour collapse Depot Harbour burns to the ground • Stephen Duff tells his story of the night it happened

o SCENE 27: Scene unfolds as Stephen Duff relates the story. Come up on a night scene of a young boy sleeping in bed. We are in the bedroom of a cottage – a strange orange light plays through the window over the child’s face – faint music can be heard in the background. His sister (?) enters the room and begins to shake the boy. She tells him that something strange is happening and to come outside. The two children journey outside into the night – it is oddly illuminated with pulsating orange light. Cut to shot of the two looking bewildered standing on a rocky shore.

Insert interviews from what people remember of this event • DIL is blown up and bulldozed to the ground

John Armstrong: At the end of World War II, the plant, or at least those buildings where explosives were handled, was again blasted to rubble. Walt Smith, who later became foreman of the Test Establishment shop, was responsible for setting off an explosive charge every few feet for the entire length of Guncotton Creek, which passed through the plant, through the present Armstrong park, and down to the Sound where it marked the eastern limits of the CIL property. Why Blast? Explosives can remain a hazard for many years. Much better to set off any residues, in buildings or in Guncotton creek, by controlled explosion than by accident at a later date.

• Not all of the DIL facilities were blown up. A few got a new lease on life from an unlikely partner – A.V. Roe. A.V. Roe came into existence in December of 1945, and in May of 1946 it took over Turbo Research to become the Gas Turbine Division.

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War Assets suggested that the Gas Turbine Division check out the DIL power plant as the nucleus of a test facility. After the surrounding explosives area had been "cleaned up" , there remained a power plant, shop, office/libratory building, gatehouse, several storage buildings, and two acid towers. These were "Strategic Defense Facilities" that could be re-activated at a moments notice. They decided immediately that the site was ideal and it was formerly handed over to AV Roe in November, 1946

o It was used as a test site for the Orenda and Iroquois engines. o Engine testing takes a lot of power, and the power station was on CIL grounds

"A jet engine is a thirsty device which burns kerosene or other petroleum distillates to produce power in the form of thrust. The 6700 pound thrust of the Orenda engine was roughly equivalent to 6700 horsepower" Nobel had a steam turbine used for power generation during the DIL years that could be over-rated to produce upto 6500 horsepower for the drive of test compressors, boilers, and a bank of reciprocating compressors, and a supply of 9200 imperial gallons per minute of water.

o Insert Interview from Doris Muckenheim, Don Christie, and Dennis Baskey

o From PSPL web site: The Chinook engine ran for the first time in March 1948 and the Orenda engine (for the CF 100) in February 1949. The Iroquois engine program for combustion and aerodynamics testing started at the end of 1953. Off-peak power was available at much reduced cost from midnight until 7 a.m. (noisy background for sleep in the village).

o Compressor testing: John Armstrong: Compressor Development testing has two principal performance objectives. One is to improve performance and efficiency under design operating conditions. The second, to provide for rapid engine acceleration from Idle, requires testing at various rotational speeds with exist pressure progressively increasing until the compressor surges.

Bob Reed: "It was so heavily instrumented we all had to pitch in to get the readings when it was running. George would set up the rest conditions and signal us all to read, hopefully simultaneously, about twenty readings each on hundreds of manometer tubes, most of which contained a bouncing mercury column whose bounce became increasingly erratic as conditions approached the stall (or surge) point. I can still remember missing a couple of readings when I experienced my first compressor stall. I thought the whole power house had blown up and I was in the centre. I had previously experienced Luftwaffe air raids, V1 flying bombs and V2 rockets, but nothing as immediate as the first stall on CTR1.”

o From PSPL Web Site: In July 1954, the A.V. ROE Gas Turbine Division was incorporated as a new company, Orenda Engines Limited. The Iroquois engines were scheduled to replace Pratt and Whitney engines in the Avro CF-105 Arrow by spring of 1959. With Iroquois jet engines the Arrow would have set a world speed and altitude record.

o At its peak in the late 1950s, Orenda Nobel employed about 200 people, many of them highly trained specialists introduced to the Parry Sound Area for the first time.

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John Armstrong: “The years we spent working on the development of the Chinook, Orenda and Iroquois Engines were good years, perhaps for many of us the best years of our lives. They were years of learning, of developing confidence, of optimism, of pride in individual and group accomplishments. They were years of romance, of home and family formation, of a strong sense of belonging, of new friendships that would survive the buffeting of years. They were years of swimming, boating, fishing, hunting and sports; of the good times. And then came Black Friday.”

o Prime Minister Diefenbaker canceled the Arrow/Iroquois contract February 20, 1959. He ordered the destruction of all aircraft, engines and blueprints. Everyone was laid off immediately, the Nobel plant was cleared before the end of the day. The Orenda employees have until September 30th, 1960 to vacate the Orenda section of the Nobel wartime housing, after which the houses were destroyed.

o The CIL plant across the road would survive in a limited capacity for another 25 years. A series of strikes in the late 70s and early 80s, combined with declining explosives sales lead to the closing of the nitroglycerine operations in 1983, and by the end of 1985 the plant was closed completely.

Chapter 7: Ineffable Loveliness The final chapter deals with the parallel development of the region’s tourism and cottaging industry, growing with and ultimately outlasting the heavy industry reviewed in chapter six. It will discuss the role art and the Group of Seven in the region’s cultural identity, the role of the American tourist, the camps, cottagers associations, parks, conservation, partnerships and initiatives by First Nations communities, and ultimately the designation of the 30,000 islands as a World Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations. Interview Subjects: Ruby and Wallace Reed, Carol Casscanette, Mary Jane Zissoff, Don Christie, Dora Logan, Doris Muckenheim, John Gillies (and others from Massasauga Park, San Suci area), Chris Parent, Steven Duff, Patrick Northey, John MacFie, Larry Maughan, John Beaucage and Stewart King. • SCENE 28: We see a close up of a hand painting. With a medium shot we notice

that the painting is The West Wind by Tom Tompson. Cut to long shot of the artist sitting on a rocky Georgian Bay shore. Cut to med. Shot of the artist who now looks as though they are struggling somewhat – a bit frustrated. The artist gives up and produces a Group of Seven book with a picture of The West Wind by Tom Tompson – and makes a comparison with their work. We understand now that this is not Tom Tompson but an admirer. We cut to a long shot of the artist from in front of them and see the Ojibway hotel revealed in the background. Cut to montage of shots of the Ojibway Hotel.

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• Interview discussion over SCENE 26: The recognition of Parry Sound as a beautiful, rugged place, is triggered by the imagery of the Group of Seven

o While all of this industry was booming in the PS area, a tourism and cottaging economy was in its infancy

o Imagery of Tom Tompson (or other group member) painting on rocks • Flash back to one of the earliest examples of the tourism economy - the Ojibwe

hotel, opened in 1906 o Opened by an American family – the Davis’ o There were a number of island based as well as mainland hotels (the

Belvedere, the Rose Point – President Roosevelt visits) o Duquesne Hunting and Fishing Club at Byng Inlet (1907) – Established by

businessmen primarily from Pittsburg. Toronto Star: “Two special Pullman coaches containing sixty members of the Duquesne Hunting and Fishing Club of Pittsburgh passed though Toronto last night en Route to Byng Inlet. Among them was Pittsburgh Mayor Joseph Armstrong.”

o These hotels often employed Native guides (i.e., Marie Anderson Pagamagabow)

• SCENE 29: A native guide takes two well-dressed men fishing in a birch bark canoe. • Hunting and Fishing develops in the interior to replace farming as the major

source of income – this happens before the bay is developed for tourism because the interior was accessible by rail from the mid 1880s from Toronto to Burks Falls

o George Kelcey of Dunchurch: o The lakes abound with fish in this township. Whitestone, Shawanaga, and

Limestone Lake, contain pickerel, white fish, herring, suckers, catfish, etc. High Lake, upper lake and Lorrimer Lake contain salmon (lake) trout and other fish... The fish are easily caught. The settlers take great quantities of pickerel about the middle of May, catching them with their hands at the foot of the rapids. I went to look on one night, taking a man and a boy with me, who caught about 800 lbs of pickerel in about 1 1/2 hours. Quantities of herring are caught at the narrows... in the village of Dunchurch. In Nov ‘77, about 2200 lbs were caught by one man in his nets in about 14 days.

o 1892, Frank McFie: o There has been quite a lot of tourists come into these parts this summer which

will be a good thing if it continues, as we can get a good market for lamb and such like. I sold mine all round for $3.00 a piece, and I only wish I had a hundred to sell.

o The Iron City Fishing Club was a popular fishing club (discuss with Jim Beatty)

o The Royal Wawashkesh Summer Resort • The next wave of tourism is the summer camps

o i.e. Franklin Island – Camp Franklin (1925) – Don Christie, Mr. Casscanette o SCENE 30: A group of boys in 1920s swim gear go swimming and partake in

water games of the time (underwater shots here). • The next wave is cottaging

o Cottaging building and servicing develops along the shoreline to replace/ supplement farming and fishing/ logging income for residents

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o Even CIL got into the cottage industry, as the “Old Village” was closed up and sold to tourists for cottages among the many islands and elsewhere.

o Made of those who were first introduced to Parry Sound as specialized workers at Orenda Engines purchased cottages on nearby Huckleberry Island (check this?) and continue to maintain a relationship to the area today).

o Don Christie also built many cottages (hundreds) o Discuss early cottage associations

I.e. Georgian Bay Cottage Association – an umbrella association that works with cottagers as well as businesses

I.e. Woods Bay Cottage Association • The next wave was the parks movement

o Killbear Park Opens (1960) – the naming of Killbear o Massassauga Park Opens – Park Warden kidnapping story

• But the race to develop tourism has sometimes been at odds with the area’s industrial past

Today the Lumber mills, CIL/DIL, a Depot Harbour are gone. All of Byng Inlets coal storage and most of its oil storage tanks are gone, as are the oil storage tanks in Parry Sound. But each of these facilities has left an environmental footprint.

Residue from saw mills and tannery operations in Parry Sound and Britt/Byng Inlet

Discuss Parry Sound Big Oil Spill (Early 1950’s) as a wake up call • Interview someone who took part in the cleanup?

Steve Wholeber and Fred Homes discuss what affect that industrial developments at Britt and Byng Inlet have had upon the development of that area’s tourism industry.

Discuss/ show what is left of CIL/DIL and Orenda. • Interview with CIL Rep – why haven’t they sold the land?

What would full cleanup entail? Maybe someone can give us a tour?

Discuss the environmental effects of Depot Harbour during a walk-though of the site with Stewart King.

• SCENE 31: Underwater Footage, scene unfolds as Stewart tells story: A native boy dives into the water, past the camera. He swims into blackness or he swims down and grabs what looks like spaghetti off of the bottom (it is cordite). He returns to the surface.

• SCENE 32: Cut to the native child from SCENE 23 on dry land now – at the old Depot Harbour site. He is placing the cordite/spaghetti under a toy airplane. He lights the spaghetti with a match and runs. We see him hiding behind a large tree or old concrete wall and hear a bang. We see the airplane flying through the air - it is singed and still burning slightly. It lands on the ground – still smoldering.

o Stewart discusses current possibilities for Depot Harbour and what the cleanup would entail

• The Tourism side of the West Parry Sound District gains more strength through: o Festival of the Sound (1980) o Island Queen and Chippewa Cruises

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o Rattlesnake Protection – Re-Branding of the Snake o Improved Highways - #69, 400 (69 was a make work project during the

depression) o A renewed sense planning and cooperation by First Nations communities

to promote the rich culture and heritage of the surrounding FN communities as discussed by John Beaucage

• The Designation of the Eastern Georgian Bay Shore, with Parry Sound at its heart, as a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve (Georgian Bay Cottagers Association)

• Discuss the spiritual – “ineffable” quality of the 30,000 islands, and why people stay/ keep coming back here.

o Albertans keep returning to discover their roots o One-time summer residents are becoming permanent o A few families still farm/ log in the interior (shots of John MacFie’s farm) o The gathering of the Pottawatomie Tribes originated on Wasauksing in 1994

and is now the largest and only gathering of it’s entire tribe in North America o And the tourists just keep coming…

SCENE 33: Come up on twilight/dusk/dawn lake shot of woman who played Anna Jamieson in modern clothing and a kayak or Kevlar Canoe. The Anishinabe woman who was singing in SCENE 3 is with her – also in modern clothing. They paddle away together as the sun sets – fade to black. Credits roll as another of the Anishinabe woman’s songs is sung. Extras: These are stories that will be included on the DVD/ web site as extra content that will be linked to the main storyline through “pop-ups.” They will also be available in a story list and on the map of West Parry Sound. Oil Tank Farm established in Britt (1950s) Parry Sound Salt Docs Parry Sound Wood Turners (Monopoly pieces)