Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Chapter 2

Personality

Ability Learning

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Personality = Personality is defined as the

sum total of ways that an individual reacts and interacts with others.

Its an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Set of traits and characteristics that form a pattern distinguishing one person from all the others

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Personality

We are often told to “be yourself.”

When in a leadership role, “Be yourself” may be the worst advice you can give some people.

T. Masson

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Personality

Where does one’s personality come from? Heredity – Some set the parameters at

birth. Some say as much as 40-50 percent.

Environment – Culture conditions, norms, church, family, friends, social groups.

Attitude - is a portion of personality and is Situational

Different situations will influence behavior.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Core

Early Childhood Environment

LifeEnvironments

Personality Formation (onion)

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Personality Type A personality:

seem to always be moving. * usually walk and eat rapidly. are always trying to do several things at

once. have problems relaxing, often feeling it

is time wasted. are often obsessed with numbers and

with trying to acquire things.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Personality Type B people:

never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience.

feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation.

plan for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost.

can relax without guilt.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Other Personality Descriptors * Self-Monitoring

Internal and external locus of control. * Internal Locus - the perception that one controls

one’s own fate (Cope effectively with stress) External Locus - the perception that chance or

outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s fate

Self-Esteem Use of Myers-Briggs or Jungian 16-

Type Indicators

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Myers-Briggs (Jung Type Indicators)

ExtraversionSociable, chooses people as a

source of energy, need for sociability

IntroversionPrefers solitude to recover

energy, territorial, “alone” when surrounded by people

IntuitionInnovative, visionary, lines

metaphors, daydreams

SensationPractical, wants facts,

remembers facts, down to earth, remain in reality

ThinkingImpersonal basis of choice,

objective and logical

Feeling* Personal basis of choice, emotion-laden decisions

Sympathetic, appreciative

JudgingClosure, establish deadlines

PerceivingOpen and Fluid, ignores deadlines

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Types of Ability

** What is “Ability?” An individual’s capacity to perform the

various tasks in a job. Ability is divided into intellectual and

physical ability.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Intellectual Abilities

Intellectual Abilities – Those abilities required to do mental activities such as verbal comprehension, inductive and deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, memory and number aptitude.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Physical Abilities

Physical Abilities – Those abilities required to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

The Ability-Job Fit – An employee’s performance is enhanced when there is a high ability-job fit.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Learning

* Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

Learning involves changing behaviors. How do we as leaders bring about change?

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Three Theories of Learning

Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Learning Classical conditioning – An

individual responds to some stimulus that would not usually produce such a response. http://www.spike.com/video/office-jim-trains/2820493

** Operant conditioning – A type of conditioning in which a desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents punishment.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Social Learning

Social learning is learning through experience, i.e., peer pressure. Much of the behavior in the

classroom is a result of social learning, i.e., a student raises his hand to be recognized.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Four Learning Styles

Bodily – Kinesthetic Visual – Spatial Verbal – Linguistic Logical – Mathematical

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Learning Styles

Bodily – Kinesthetic Study in a group. Think in practical uses. Pace and recite while learning. Act out material. Use flash cards. Teach the material.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Learning Styles

Visual – Spatial Add diagrams to notes. Organize notes in outline form. Connect related facts in notes. Color-code notes using different

colored highlighters.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Learning Styles

Verbal – Linguistic Talk about what you learn. Read the textbook and highlight no

more than 10 percent. Rewrite your notes. Outline chapters. Recite information.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Learning Styles Logical – Mathematical

Study in a quiet setting. When reading, stop periodically to

reflect on what you have read. Study applications, causes and effects

of material. Write short summaries of material.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Application

Every person is unique. (DNA and Mind) Understand your own personality and

use the information to adjust your own behavior for improved results.

Instead of making value judgments about other people’s personalities, accept these differences and use this information to understand and predict behavior.

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Summary

By gaining a better understanding of different personalities, abilities, and learning styles, we can better understand and predict the behavior of others as well as ourselves.