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Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Glycogen Ribose + NADPH Lactate Ethanol Acetyl-CoA Fats NADPH TCA Cycle RNA & DNA Ribulose-P + NADPH + CO 2 Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis Glycogen synthesis Glycogen degradation Pentose Phosphate Pathway Photosynthesis Anaerobic Metabolism NADH O 2 H 2 O Electron Transport Lipogenesis

Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

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Page 1: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Pathways of Glucose Metabolism

Blood Glucose

Cellular Glucose

Pyruvate

GlycogenRibose +

NADPH

Lactate

Ethanol

Acetyl-CoA

Fats

NADPH

TCA Cycle

RNA & DNA

Ribulose-P+ NADPH + CO2

Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis

Glycogen synthesis

Glycogen degradation

PentosePhosphatePathwayPhotosynthesis

Anaerobic Metabolism

NADH

O2

H2O

ElectronTransport

Lipogenesis

Page 2: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

O

OHOH

OH

OH

CH2OH

O

OHOH

OH

OH

CH2 O PO

OO

hexokinase

Early Stages of Glycolysis-Priming the Pump

ATP ADP

O

OHOH

CH2OPO

OO

N N

N N

NH2

PO

OO

PO

OO O

OHOH

CH2OPO

OO

N N

N N

NH2

PO

OO

ATP ADP

Page 3: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

O

OHOH

OH

OH

CH2 O PO

OO O CH2OH

OHOH

OH

CH2 O P

O

OO

phosphoglucoseisomerase

Early Stages of Glycolysis-Priming the Pump

Page 4: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Early Stages of Glycolysis-Priming the Pump

O CH2OH

OHOH

OH

CH2 O P

O

OO

CCH2

C HOHC OHHC OHHCH2

O

O

PO O

O

O

PO O

O

ATP ADP

phosphofructokinase

Page 5: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Intermediate Stages of Glycolysis-split the hexose & extract the energy

CCH2

C HOHC OHHC OHHCH2

O

O

PO O

O

O

PO O

O

aldolase

C

CH2

OCH2OH

OP OO

O C OHC OHH

CH2

O

P OO

O

+

This reaction is an Aldol reaction. The six carbon fructose is split into 2 three carbon sugars.

Page 6: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Intermediate Stages of Glycolysis-Start extracting the energy

C OHC OHH

CH2

O

P OO

O

C OC OHH

CH2

O

P O

O

O

O

PO

O

O

PiNAD+ NADH

G-3-P dehydrogenase

Page 7: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Intermediate Stages of Glycolysis-1st ATP made

C OC OHH

CH2

O

P O

O

O

O

PO

O

O

ADP ATP

Phosphoglycerate kinase

C OC OHH

CH2

OP OO

O

O

O

OHOH

CH2OPO

OO

N N

N N

NH2

PO

OO

O

OHOH

CH2OPO

OO

N N

N N

NH2

PO

OO

PO

OO

ATPADP

Page 8: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Terminal Stages of Glycolysis

OP OO

OC OCH

CH2

O

OH

C OC OHH

CH2

OP OO

O

O

phosphoglycerate mutase

Page 9: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Terminal Stages of Glycolysis

OP OO

OC OCH

CH2

O

OHenolase

OP OO

OC OCH

CH2

O

Dehydration of an alcohol to an alkene (shown in blue)

Page 10: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Terminal Stages of Glycolysis

pyruvate kinase

OP OO

OC OCH

CH2

O

C OC

CH3

O

O

ADP ATP

ATPADP

O

OHOH

CH2OPO

OO

N N

N N

NH2

PO

OO O

OHOH

CH2OPO

OO

N N

N N

NH2

PO

OO

PO

OO

Page 11: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH
Page 12: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Glycogen Metabolism

Glucose

Glucose-6-Phosphate

Fructose-6-Phosphate

Glucose-1-Phosphate

UDP-Glucose

Glycogen

BranchedGlycogen

ATP

ADP H2O

PiUTP

PPi

Pi

Glycogen synthase

Glycogen phosphorylase

Page 13: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Glycogen Synthesis

Page 14: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Glycogen Synthesis

Page 15: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Structure of Epinephrine

Page 16: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

Structure of cAMP

Page 17: Pathways of Glucose Metabolism - faculty.uca.edu Web pages/Carbohydrate_Metabolism... · Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Blood Glucose Cellular Glucose Pyruvate Ribose Glycogen + NADPH

G-protein Cascade for Glycogen degradation