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Peer-to-Peer Network Peer-to-Peer Network Computers communicate on single segment of Computers communicate on single segment of cable and share each other’s data and devices cable and share each other’s data and devices Simple example of a local area network (LAN) Simple example of a local area network (LAN) Figure 1-2: Simple peer-to-peer network

Peer-to-Peer Network

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Peer-to-Peer Network. Computers communicate on single segment of cable and share each other’s data and devices Simple example of a local area network (LAN). Figure 1-2: Simple peer-to-peer network. Peer-to-Peer Network. Simple to configure and require little expertise - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Peer-to-Peer NetworkPeer-to-Peer Network

Computers communicate on single segment of cable and Computers communicate on single segment of cable and share each other’s data and devicesshare each other’s data and devicesSimple example of a local area network (LAN)Simple example of a local area network (LAN)

Figure 1-2: Simple peer-to-peer network

Peer-to-Peer NetworkPeer-to-Peer Network

Simple to configure and require little Simple to configure and require little expertiseexpertise

Less expensive than other setupsLess expensive than other setups

Not very flexible solutionNot very flexible solution

Net very secure solutionNet very secure solution

Not very practical for connecting more Not very practical for connecting more than a few computersthan a few computers

Does not require NOSDoes not require NOS

Networking BasicsNetworking Basics

Figure 1-3: LAN with a file

server

Networking BasicsNetworking Basics

Figure 1-4: An example of a complex

network

Advantages of Server-Based Advantages of Server-Based over Peer-to-Peer Networksover Peer-to-Peer Networks

User login accounts and passwords can be User login accounts and passwords can be assigned in one placeassigned in one place

Access to multiple shared resources can be Access to multiple shared resources can be centrally grantedcentrally granted

Servers are optimized to handle heavy Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to handling processing loads and dedicated to handling requests from clientsrequests from clients

Servers can connect more than a handful of Servers can connect more than a handful of computerscomputers

MANs and WANsMANs and WANs

Metropolitan area network (MAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN) Network connecting clients and servers in Network connecting clients and servers in

multiple buildings within limited geographic multiple buildings within limited geographic areaarea

Wide area network (WAN)Wide area network (WAN) Network that spans large distance and Network that spans large distance and

connects two or more LANsconnects two or more LANs The The InternetInternet is an example of a very intricate is an example of a very intricate

and extensive WAN that spans the globeand extensive WAN that spans the globe

WANWAN

Figure 1-5: A simple

WAN

Elements Common to AllElements Common to AllServer-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

ClientClient In addition to referring to a computer on the In addition to referring to a computer on the

network, may also refers to human network, may also refers to human useruser of of client workstationclient workstation

ServerServerWorkstationWorkstationNetwork interface card (NIC)Network interface card (NIC) Enables workstation to connect to the network Enables workstation to connect to the network

and communicate with other computersand communicate with other computers

Elements Common to AllElements Common to AllServer-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

Figure 1-6: A network interface

card (NIC)

Network operating system (NOS)Network operating system (NOS)

HostHost Server that manages shared resourcesServer that manages shared resources

NodeNode Client, server, or other device that can Client, server, or other device that can

communicate over a network and that is communicate over a network and that is identified by a unique identifying number, identified by a unique identifying number, known as its network addressknown as its network address

Elements Common to AllElements Common to AllServer-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

Elements Common to AllElements Common to AllServer-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

TopologyTopology Physical layout Physical layout

of computer of computer networknetwork

More detail in More detail in Ch. 5Ch. 5

Figure 1-7: Commonly used network topologies

Elements Common to AllElements Common to AllServer-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

ProtocolProtocol Rules network uses to transfer dataRules network uses to transfer data Ensures data are transferred whole, in Ensures data are transferred whole, in

sequence, and without error (Ch. 3)sequence, and without error (Ch. 3)

Data PacketsData Packets The distinct units of data transmitted from one The distinct units of data transmitted from one

computer to another on a network (Ch. 2/3)computer to another on a network (Ch. 2/3)

Elements Common to AllElements Common to AllServer-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

AddressingAddressing Scheme for assigning unique identifying Scheme for assigning unique identifying

number to every workstation on networknumber to every workstation on network The number that uniquely identifies each The number that uniquely identifies each

workstation and device on a network is its workstation and device on a network is its address address (Ch. 2/3)(Ch. 2/3)

Elements Common to AllElements Common to AllServer-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

Transmission Transmission mediamedia Means Means

through which through which data are data are transmitted transmitted and receivedand received

More detail in More detail in Ch. 4Ch. 4

Figure 1-8: Examples of network transmission media

How Networks Are UsedHow Networks Are Used

ServicesServices Features provided by a network – most visible Features provided by a network – most visible

is e-mailis e-mailFile and print services File and print services

Communications services (RAS)Communications services (RAS)

Mail servicesMail services

Internet servicesInternet services

Management servicesManagement services

Network ServicesNetwork Services

File servicesFile services Refers to capability of a server to share data Refers to capability of a server to share data

files, applications, and disk storage spacefiles, applications, and disk storage space Server that provides file services is called a Server that provides file services is called a

file serverfile server

Print servicesPrint services Allows printers to be shared by several users Allows printers to be shared by several users

on a networkon a network

Network ServicesNetwork Services

Communications servicesCommunications services Allow remote users to connect to a networkAllow remote users to connect to a network

Remote userRemote user Person working on a computer in a different Person working on a computer in a different

geographical location from the LAN’s servergeographical location from the LAN’s server Win 2K – Remote Access Server (RAS)Win 2K – Remote Access Server (RAS) Netware – Network Access Server (NAS)Netware – Network Access Server (NAS)

Communications serverCommunications serverServer that runs communications servicesServer that runs communications services

Also referred to as Also referred to as access serversaccess servers and and remote remote access serversaccess servers

Network ServicesNetwork Services

Mail servicesMail services Coordinate storage and transfer of e-mail Coordinate storage and transfer of e-mail

between users on a networkbetween users on a networkMay include a May include a GatewayGateway

Combination of software and hardware enabling two Combination of software and hardware enabling two different kinds of networks to exchange datadifferent kinds of networks to exchange data

Internet servicesInternet services Enable networks to communicate with the Enable networks to communicate with the

InternetInternet

Network ServicesNetwork Services

Management servicesManagement services Centrally administer and simplify complicated Centrally administer and simplify complicated

management tasks on the networkmanagement tasks on the network Numerous services fall under category of Numerous services fall under category of

network managementnetwork management

Important Management Important Management ServicesServices

Traffic monitoring and controlTraffic monitoring and control TrafficTraffic

Data transmission and processing activity taking Data transmission and processing activity taking place on a computer network at any given timeplace on a computer network at any given time

SegmentSegmentPart of LAN that is logically separated from other Part of LAN that is logically separated from other parts of LAN and that shares fixed amount of parts of LAN and that shares fixed amount of traffic capacitytraffic capacity

Important Management Important Management ServicesServices

Load balancingLoad balancing Distributing process activity evenlyDistributing process activity evenly across a across a

network so that no single device is network so that no single device is overwhelmedoverwhelmed

Hardware diagnosis and failure alertHardware diagnosis and failure alert Determining when a network component Determining when a network component

fails and automatically notifying network fails and automatically notifying network administrators through e-mail or pageradministrators through e-mail or pager

Important Management Important Management ServicesServices

Asset managementAsset management Collecting and storing dataCollecting and storing data on number and on number and

types of software and hardware assets in an types of software and hardware assets in an organization’s networkorganization’s network

License trackingLicense tracking Determining how many copies of a single Determining how many copies of a single

application are currently in use on a networkapplication are currently in use on a network

Important Management Important Management ServicesServices

Security auditingSecurity auditing Evaluating Evaluating what security measures are what security measures are

currently in forcecurrently in force and notifying network and notifying network administrator if a security breach occursadministrator if a security breach occurs

Software distributionSoftware distribution Automatically transferring data file or program Automatically transferring data file or program

from the server to a client on the networkfrom the server to a client on the network

Important Management Important Management ServicesServices

Address managementAddress management Centrally administering a finite number of Centrally administering a finite number of

network addresses for an entire LANnetwork addresses for an entire LAN

Backup and restoration of dataBackup and restoration of data Backing upBacking up

Copying critical files to a secure storage areaCopying critical files to a secure storage area RestoringRestoring

Retrieving data if original files are lost or deletedRetrieving data if original files are lost or deleted

Covered more in depth in Ch. 12/13Covered more in depth in Ch. 12/13

Becoming a Network Becoming a Network ProfessionalProfessional

Mastering the technical challengesMastering the technical challenges

Developing your “soft skills”Developing your “soft skills”

Pursuing certificationPursuing certification

Finding a job in networkingFinding a job in networking

Joining professional associationsJoining professional associations

Mastering the Technical Mastering the Technical ChallengesChallenges

Specialty areas in high demand for Specialty areas in high demand for networking professionals:networking professionals: Network securityNetwork security Internet and intranet designInternet and intranet design Network managementNetwork management Voice/data integration (VoIP)Voice/data integration (VoIP) Remote and mobile computingRemote and mobile computing

Mastering the Technical Mastering the Technical ChallengesChallenges

Specialty areas in high demand for Specialty areas in high demand for networking professionals (cont.):networking professionals (cont.): Data integrity and fault toleranceData integrity and fault tolerance In-depth knowledge of Microsoft networking In-depth knowledge of Microsoft networking

productsproducts In-depth knowledge of NetWare networking In-depth knowledge of NetWare networking

products (decreasing)products (decreasing) In-depth knowledge of router configuration In-depth knowledge of router configuration

and management (Cisco)and management (Cisco)

Developing Your “Soft Skills”Developing Your “Soft Skills”

Skills not easily measured but important to Skills not easily measured but important to a networking career:a networking career: Customer relationsCustomer relations Oral and written communicationsOral and written communications DependabilityDependability TeamworkTeamwork Leadership abilitiesLeadership abilities

Pursuing CertificationPursuing Certification

CertificationCertification Process of mastering material pertaining to a Process of mastering material pertaining to a

particular hardware system, operating system, particular hardware system, operating system, programming language, or other software programming language, or other software program, then proving your mastery by passing program, then proving your mastery by passing a series of examsa series of exams

Computer Technology Association Computer Technology Association (CompTIA)(CompTIA) An association that sets industry-wide An association that sets industry-wide

standards for computer professionalsstandards for computer professionals

Pursuing CertificationPursuing CertificationA+ A+ Certification established by CompTIACertification established by CompTIA Verifies knowledge about PC operation, repair, and Verifies knowledge about PC operation, repair, and

managementmanagement

Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE)Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) Certification established by MicrosoftCertification established by Microsoft Demonstrates in-depth knowledge about Microsoft’s Demonstrates in-depth knowledge about Microsoft’s

productsproducts

Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA)Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) MCSE – designs networks; MCSA – administers MCSE – designs networks; MCSA – administers

networksnetworks

Pursuing CertificationPursuing Certification

Certified NetWare Engineer (CNE)Certified NetWare Engineer (CNE) Certification established by NovellCertification established by Novell Demonstrates in-depth understanding of Demonstrates in-depth understanding of

Novell’s networking softwareNovell’s networking software

Network+ (Net+)Network+ (Net+) Certification established by CompTIACertification established by CompTIA Verifies broad, vendor-independent Verifies broad, vendor-independent

networking technology skillsnetworking technology skills

Pursuing CertificationPursuing Certification

Benefits of becoming certified include:Benefits of becoming certified include: Better salaryBetter salary Greater opportunitiesGreater opportunities Professional respectProfessional respect Access to better supportAccess to better support Good way to “prove” you have at least some Good way to “prove” you have at least some

knowledge of a specific skillknowledge of a specific skill

Degree vs. certification debateDegree vs. certification debate

Finding a Job in NetworkingFinding a Job in Networking

Search the WebSearch the Web

Read the paperRead the paper

Visit a career centerVisit a career center

NetworkNetwork

Attend career fairsAttend career fairs

Finding a Job in NetworkingFinding a Job in Networking

Table 1-1: Web sites with job

databases

Joining Professional Joining Professional AssociationsAssociations

Benefits can include:Benefits can include: Connecting with people who have similar Connecting with people who have similar

interestsinterests Providing new opportunities for learningProviding new opportunities for learning Allowing access to specialized informationAllowing access to specialized information Giving you tangible assets such as free goodsGiving you tangible assets such as free goods

Joining Professional Joining Professional AssociationsAssociations

Table 1-2: Web sites of networking organizations