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Polyalkylene / Polyethylene

Glycols

Polyalkylene / Polyethylene

Glycols

2 P O L Y A L K Y L E N E G L Y C O L S / P O L Y E T H Y L E N E G L Y C O L S P O L Y A L K Y L E N E G L Y C O L S / P O L Y E T H Y L E N E G L Y C O L S 3

3 Introduction

4 Overview of products

6 Technical dataPolyethylene glycols 6

M-type polyglycols 12

A and V-type polyglycols 14

PR-type polyglycols 16

B11-type polyglycols 18

P41-type polyglycols 20

B01 / T01-type polyglycols 22

24 PropertiesViscosity / Melting point 24

Hygroscopicity 24

Volatility and thermal stability 28

Solubility 28

Molar mass distribution / Hydroxyl value 31

Particle size distribution / Powder density 32

Physiological behaviour /

Pharmaceutical and food approvals 32

IntroductionThe chemical structure of polyglycols is readily understood in

terms of the general principle of their synthesis.

The various polyglycol types are obtainable by means of anio-

nic polymerization of oxirans using an alcohol or alcoholate as

an initiator.

As shown in Fig. 1, a wide variety of products for many applica-

tions are made beginning with different initiating alcohols

(ROH) by varying both the ratio of the epoxide building blocks

(n : m) and the molecular weight (n + m). Essential properties

such as water solubility or hydrophilia are determined by the

mixing ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The viscosity

and hydroxyl value of a polyglycol series is influenced by the

number of polymerized epoxide building blocks. Reactivity of

the various polyglycols with a wide variety of reagents is influ-

enced by the initiating alcohols used and their reactive groups

that persist after polyglycol synthesis as well as by the free

hydroxyl groups.

Figure 1

The different product series are generally identified more spe-

cifically by a letter code indicating the start molecule or the ter-

minal groups. For example, M refers to methanol, B buta-

nol, A allyl and P pentaerythritol. The numbers that follow

indicate the ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide and the

molecular weight.

ROH + n H2C-CH2 + m H2C-CHCH3RO(CH2CH2O)n(CH2CHCH3O)mH

O O

36 ApplicationsTechnical ceramics / Powder metallurgy 36

Production of rubber and elastomers

polyglycols as lubricant and mould release agents

and as vulcanization activators 36

Plasticizers, modifiers, processing aids

in plastic manufacturing 36

Paper industry, wood and cellophane processing 37

Additives in the building materials industry 37

Binding agents for detergent tablets (cleaning agents for

clothes, dishes, denture cleaners) 37

Additives in fibre, textile and leather processing 37

Anticaking treatment / Spray-coating of fertilizers

and enzymes 37

Pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations 38

Modifiers in viscose production 38

Solvents and additives in paints, inks, coatings

and adhesives 38

Reactions with polyglycols 38

Esterifications 38

Reactions with isocyanates 39

Reactions with epoxides 39

Reactions with functionalized polyglycols

allyl polyglycols 39

Reactions with functionalized polyglycols

vinyl polyglycols 39

Components for lubricants 40

Fire resistant hydraulic fluids 40

Gear lubricants for extreme temperatures 40

Lubricants for gas and refrigeration compressor 40

Lubricant greases 41

Quenching bath additives 41

Metalworking/plastics processing 41

42 Shipping and storage

Table of contents

Overview of products

Polyethylene glycols are linear homopolymers of ethylene oxi-

de. They are available in a molecular weight range of 200 to

35,000. The physico-chemical properties of polyethylene glycol

are essentially determined by the two free hydroxyl groups and

the ether oxygen atoms.

The available product forms for PEG types 3,000 to 20,000 inclu-

de flakes (S) and powder (P); types 3,0008,000 are also availa-

ble as fine powder (PF). Types 1,5008,000 are also supplied to

large-volume customers in heated tank lorries in the form of

melts (FL).

M-series polyglycols are linear, monofunctional polyethylene

glycol monomethyl ethers that are completely soluble in water

and are available with molecular weights between 250 and

5,000. M-type polyglycols are used mainly in chemical reactions

requiring integration of a monofunctional polyethylene glycol

chain (see section: Reactions with polyglycols). The decisive

factor in the quality of M-PEGs is a low content of dihydroxy-

functional contaminants. The physical properties of M-type po-

lyglycols are comparable to those of pure polyethylene glycols.

The M-types have also been approved for pharmaceutical ap-

plications in the US.

In general, A- and V-type polyglycols have properties similar to

those of pure polyethylene glycols and M-PEGs. However, with

their additional allyl or vinyl group they possess the structural

basis for numerous chemical reactions that make the introduc-

tion of the highly hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide group possible,

resulting in hydrophilization and improved dispersability of the

final products in water. (See section: Reactions with polyglycols).

The chemical structure of PR-type polyglycols is nearly the

same as that of pure polyethylene glycols with the same molar

mass. Their chemical properties and applications are compara-

ble accordingly. The essential difference seen in these produc-

ts is a central branching. Due to this, their melting point / pour

point is 20 to 30C lower than that of pure polyethylene glycols

with the same molar mass. As with all polyglycols, they show

practically no tendency to evaporate, even at temperatures

>100C.

In contrast to the pure ethylene oxide polymers like PEGs

and M-PEGs, B11-type polyglycols are statistical copolymers

consisting of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Due to this,

their melting point / pour point is -40 to -50C, independent of

molar mass in contrast to the pure polyethylene glycols. Due to

the butanol group and an ethylene oxide : propylene oxide ratio

of 1:1, B11-type polyglycols are still readily soluble in water and

many polar organic solvents at room temperature. However,

their less-pronounced hydrophilia is reflected in a cloud point

that is approximately 50C in water. B11-type polyglycols are in-

soluble in pure hydrocarbons. As is the case with all polygly-

cols, they show practically no tendency to evaporate, even at

temperatures >100C.

P O L Y A L K Y L E N E G L Y C O L S / P O L Y E T H Y L E N E G L Y C O L S 54 P O L Y A L K Y L E N E G L Y C O L S / P O L Y E T H Y L E N E G L Y C O L S

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) P41-type polyglycols

B11-type polyglycolsM-type polyglycols (M-PEGs)

A- and V-type polyglycols

PR-type polyglycols

The physico-chemical properties of the polyglycols of the P-41

series are determined by the four free hydroxyl groups and the

ethylene oxide : propylene oxide ratio of 4:1. Due to their low

comonomeric proportion of propylene oxide groups, P41-type

polyglycols have melting points / pour points of 0 to -10C inde-

pendent of molar mass, are very readily water-soluble and have

cloud points at approximately 80 to 90C. At room temperature

they are light, highly viscous liquids. P41-type polyglycols are

insoluble in pure hydrocarbons. As is the case with the other

polyglycols, they show practically no tendency to evaporate,

even at >100C.

B01 / T01-type polyglycols are built up exclusively of propylene

oxide units in contrast to the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide

copolymers discussed in the previous chapters. This means

that the B01 / T01 types have very low melting points / pour

points independent of molar mass of -40 to -50C. They are

much more hydrophobic than ethylene oxide polymers and

ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers. They are inso-

luble in water, but soluble in pure hydrocarbons. As is the case

with the other polyglycols, they show practically no evaporation

tendency, even at >100C.

Our development department is well-equipped to develop on

the basis of a number of initiators and epoxide components

special customized products in addition to those shown in the

tables on the next pages.

Special products

B01 / T01-type polyglycols

6 P O L Y A L K Y L E N E G L Y C O L S / P O L Y E T H Y L E N E G L Y C O L S

Technical data on polyethylene glycols

P O L Y A L K Y L E N E G L Y C O L S / P O L Y E T H Y L E N E G L Y C O L S 7

Type Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Solidi- Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Residual Residual Maximum solu- Vapour Oxide INCI Applicationform mass value fication at 20C at 20C at 5% content index nD20 EO Dioxan bility in water pressure ash desig- characteristics

g / mol (DIN 53240) point (50% aqueous (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) GC GC %m / m at 20C (DIN 51575) nationmg KOH / g EP III C solution) mPas g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) mg / kg mg / kg at 20C hPa %m / m

200 Liquid 190210 Dihydroxy- 534591 approx. -50 6067 1.124 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.460 (20C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0,1 max. 0.05 PEG-4 Solvent / chemical synthesis(undiluted)

200 G Liquid 190 210 Dihydroxy- 534591 approx. -50 6067 1.124 4.56.0 max. 0.5 1.460 (20C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0,1 max. 0.01 Reduced alkali content for synthesis (undiluted) and polyurethane applications

300 Liquid 285315 Dihydroxy- 356394 -15-10 8896 1.125 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.464 (20C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0,1 max. 0.05 PEG-6 Solvent / chemical synthesis(undiluted)

300 G Liquid 285315 Dihydroxy- 356394 -15-10 8896 1.125 4.07.0 max. 0.5 1.464 (20C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0,1 max. 0.01 Reduced alkali content for synthesis (undiluted) and polyurethane applications

400 Liquid 380420 Dihydroxy- 267295 48 112124 1.126 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.467 (20C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-8 Solvent / chemical synthesis(undiluted)

400 G Liquid 380420 Dihydroxy- 267295 48 110125 1.126 4.07.0 max. 0.5 1.467 (20C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.01 Reduced alkali content for synthesis (undiluted) and polyurethane applications

600 Wax 570630 Dihydroxy- 178197 1722 1718 1.26 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.452 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-12 Solvent / chemical synthesis

600 A Wax 570630 Dihydroxy- 178197 1722 1619 1.26 5.07,2 max. 0,1 1.452 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.01 Reduced alkali content for synthesis and polyurethane applications

600 PU Wax 570630 Dihydroxy- 178197 1722 1619 1.26 3.05.0 max. 0,1 1.452 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.01 Reduced alkali content for synthesis and polyurethane applications

800 Wax / 760840 Dihydroxy- 134148 2530 2123 1.126 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.452 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 80 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-16 Chemical synthesis / aqueous solutionsmelt (melt)

1000 Wax / 9501,050 Dihydroxy- 107118 3540 2429 1.126 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.453 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 75 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-20 Chemical synthesis / aqueous solutionsmelt (melt)

1000WA Wax / 9501,050 Dihydroxy- 107118 3540 2429 1.126 5.07.0 max. 0,15 1.453 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 75 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Reduced alkali content for synthesis melt (melt) and polyurethane applications

1500 S Flakes 1,4001,600 Dihydroxy- 7080 4448 3642 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.454 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 62 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-32 Humectant / binder / release- / processing agent / (melt) synthesis / aqueous solutions

1500 FL Melt 1,4001,600 Dihydroxy- 7080 4448 3642 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0,1 1.454 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 62 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-32 Product form with reduced water content (melt) for chemical syntheses


2000 FL Melt 1,8002,200 Dihydroxy- 5162 4852 5056 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0,1 1.454 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 58 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-40 Product form with reduced water content (melt) for chemical syntheses


Polyethylene glycols H(OCH2CH2)nOH CAS-No.: 25322-68-3

Technical data on polyethylene glycolsType Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Solidi- Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Residual Residual Maximum solu- Vapour Oxide INCI Application

form mass value fication at 20C at 20C at 5% content index nD20 EO Dioxan bility in water pressure ash desig- characteristicsg / mol (DIN 53240) point (50% aqueous (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) GC GC %m / m at 20C (DIN 51575) nation

mg KOH / g EP III C solution) mPas g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) mg / kg mg / kg at 20C hPa %m / m3000 P Powder 2,7003,300 Dihydroxy- 3442 5256 7595 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 56 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-75 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /

(melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m3000 FL Melt 2,7003,300 Dihydroxy- 3442 5256 7595 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0,1 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 56 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-75 Product form with reduced water content

(melt) for chemical syntheses3350 S Flakes 3,0503,700 Dihydroxy- 3037 5357 85105 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 56 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-75 Humectant / binder / release- / processing agent /

(melt) synthesis / aqueous solutions3350 P Powder 3,0503,700 Dihydroxy- 3037 5357 85105 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 56 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-75 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /


(melt) for chemical syntheses3350 PS Powder 3,0503,700 Dihydroxy- 3037 5357 85105 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 56 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-75 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /

(melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m3350 PF Fine 3,0503,700 Dihydroxy- 3037 5357 85105 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 56 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-75 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /

powder (melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 10200 m4000 S Flakes 3,7004,400 Dihydroxy- 2530 5358 114142 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.45 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 55 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-90 Humectant / binder / release- / processing agent /



(melt) for chemical syntheses4000 PF Fine 3,7004,400 Dihydroxy- 2530 5358 114142 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 55 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-90 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /

powder (melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 10200 m5500 FL Melt 5,1005,900 Dihydroxy- 1922 5560 144203 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0,1 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 54 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Product form with reduced water content

(melt) for chemical syntheses6000 S Flakes 5,6006,600 Dihydroxy- 1720 5560 220262 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 54 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-150 Humectant / binder / release- / processing agent /


(melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m6000 PS Spray 5,6006,600 Dihydroxy- 1720 5560 220262 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 54 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-150 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /

powder (melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m6000 FL Melt 5,6006,600 Dihydroxy- 1720 5560 220262 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0,1 1.455 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 54 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-150 Product form with reduced water content




(melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m



Technical data on polyethylene glycolsType Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Solidi- Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Residual Residual Maximum solu- Vapour Oxide INCI Application

form mass value fication at 20C at 20C at 5% content index nD20 EO Dioxan bility in water pressure ash desig- characteristicsg / mol (DIN 53240) point (50% aqueous (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) GC GC %m / m at 20C (DIN 51575) nation

mg KOH / g EP III C solution) mPas g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) mg / kg mg / kg at 20C hPa %m / m8000 FL Melt 7,0009,000 Dihydroxy- 1216 5560 290450 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0,1 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 54 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-180 Product form with reduced water content




(melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m12000 S Flakes 10,50015,000 Dihydroxy- 7.511.0 5660 1,1001,400 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 53 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-240 Humectant / binder / release- / processing agent /

(melt) synthesis / aqueous solutions12000 P Powder 10,50015,000 Dihydroxy- 7.511.0 5660 1,1001,400 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 53 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-240 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /

(melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m20000 S Flakes min 16,000 Dihydroxy- max. 7 min. 57 2,7003,500 1.20 4.57.5 max. 0.5 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 52 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-350 Binder / release- / processing agent /

(melt) synthesis / plastics additive20000 P Powder min 16,000 Dihydroxy- max. 7 min. 57 2,7003,500 1.20 4.57.5 max. 0.5 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 52 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-350 Powdered binder / pressing agent, dry mixtures /

(melt) plastics additive, particle size approx. 50400 m20000SR Flakes min 16,000 Dihydroxy- max. 7 min. 57 2,7003,500 1.20 4.57.5 max. 0.5 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 52 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Binder / pressing agent for ceramics applications /

(melt) thermooxidative stabilization 20000SRU Flakes min 16,000 Dihydroxy- max. 7 min. 57 2,7003,500 1.20 5.07.5 max. 0.5 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 52 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Reduced alkali content for synthesis and

(melt) polyurethane applications / plastics additive35000 S Flakes approx. 35,000 Dihydroxy- max. 4 min. 57 11,00014,000 1.20 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.456 (70C) max. 1 max. 1 50 < 0.01 max. 0.05 PEG-800 Binder / release- / processing agent /

(melt) synthesis / plastics additive


Technical data on M-type polyglycols Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ethers CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH CAS-No.: 9004-74-4

Type Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Solidi- Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Maximum solu- Vapour Oxide INCI Applicationform mass value fication at 50C at 50C at 5% content index nD at 20C bility in water pressure ash desig- characteristics

g / mol (DIN 53240) point mm2 / s (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) %m / m at 20C (DIN 51575) nationmg KOH / g EP III C g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) at 20C hPa %m / m

M 250 Liquid 272285 Monohydroxy- 197206 approx. -26 911 1.090 6.08.0 max. 0.2 1.454 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 Solvent / chemical synthesis /Monomethoxy- esterification / polyurethane hydrophilization

M 350 Liquid 330370 Monohydroxy- 152168 approx. -6 911 1.090 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.457 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 Solvent / chemical synthesis /esterification / Monomethoxy- polyurethane hydrophilization

M 350 PU Liquid 330370 Monohydroxy- 152168 approx. -6 911 1.090 3.05.0 max. 0.5 1.457 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 Reduced alkali content for synthesis Monomethoxy- and polyurethane applications

M 500 Liquid 470530 Monohydroxy- 106119 approx. +12 1721 1.074 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.461 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 Methoxy Solvent / chemical synthesis /esterification / Monomethoxy- PEG-10 polyurethane hydrophilization

M 500 PU Liquid 470530 Monohydroxy- 106119 approx. +12 1721 1.074 3.05.0 max. 0.5 1.461 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 Reduced alkali content for synthesis Monomethoxy- and polyurethane applications

M 750 Liquid 720780 Monohydroxy- 7278 approx. +27 2935 1.083 5.07.0 max. 0.5 unlimited < 0.01 max. 0.05 Methoxy Chemical synthesis / esterification / Monomethoxy- PEG-16 polyurethane hydrophilization

M 1100 Wax / 1,0001,200 Monohydroxy- 4756 approx. 40 2531 5.07.0 max. 0.3 approx. 70 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Chemical synthesis / esterification / melt Monomethoxy- (50% in water polyurethane hydrophilization

at 20C)M 2000 S Flakes 1,8002,200 Monohydroxy- 25.531 approx. 50 4555 5.07.0 max. 0.5 approx. 50 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Methoxy Chemical synthesis / esterification /

Monomethoxy- (50% in water PEG-40 polyurethane hydrophilizationat 20C)

M 2000 FL Melt 1,8002,200 Monohydroxy- 25.531 approx. 50 4555 5.07.0 max. 0.5 approx.50 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Methoxy Chemical synthesis / esterification / Monomethoxy- (50% in water PEG-40 polyurethane hydrophilization

at 20C)M 5000 S Flakes 4,5005,500 Monohydroxy- 10.212.5 approx. 57 150180 5.07.0 max. 0.5 approx. 50 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Methoxy Chemical synthesis / esterification /

Monomethoxy- (50% in water PEG-100 polyurethane hydrophilizationat 20C)

M 5000 FL Melt 4,5005,500 Monohydroxy- 10.212.5 approx. 57 150180 5.07.0 max. 0.5 approx. 50 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Methoxy Chemical synthesis / esterification / Monomethoxy- (50% in water PEG-100 polyurethane hydrophilization

at 20C)

Type Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Iodine Solidi- Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Vapour Oxide Applicationform mass value value fication at 20C at 50C at 10% content index nD at 20C pressure ash characteristics

g / mol (DIN 53240) g / iodine / 100g point (DIN 51562) (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) at 20C (DIN 51575)mg KOH / g EP III C mm2 / s g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) hPa %m / m

A 350 Liquid approx. 350 Monohydroxy- 170190 7585 approx. -12 approx. 28 1.069 / 20C 5.07.0 max. 0.3 1.461 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Chemical synthesis / hydrosilylation / hydrophilization / Monoallyl- reduced alkali content

A 500 Liquid approx. 500 Monohydroxy- 110120 4853 approx. +6 approx. 58 1.089 / 20C 5.07.0 max. 0.2 1.465 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Chemical synthesis / hydrosilylation / hydrophilization / Monoallyl- reduced alkali content

A 1100 Wax / approx. 1100 Monohydroxy- 5057 2227 approx. +35 approx. 62 1.084 5.07.0 max. 0.2 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Chemical synthesis / hydrosilylation / hydrophilization / melt Monoallyl- / 50C reduced alkali content

A 11-4 Liquid approx. 750 Monohydroxy- 7075 2833 approx. -15 8496 5.07.0 max. 0.2 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Chemical synthesis / hydrosilylation / hydrophilization / Monoallyl- reduced alkali content

A 20-10 Liquid approx. 1500 Monohydroxy- 3539 1518 approx. -20 200300 5.07.0 max. 0.3 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Chemical synthesis / hydrosilylation / hydrophilization / Monoallyl- reduced alkali content

A 20-20 Liquid approx. 2100 Monohydroxy- 2934 1215 approx. -46 approx. 100 1.024 5.07.0 max. 0.2 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Chemical synthesis / hydrosilylation / hydrophilizationMonoallyl- / 50C

V 500 Liquid approx. 550 Monohydroxy- 93112 Not approx. +5 approx. 80 1.08 / 20C 10.012.0 max. 0.3 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Copolymerization / hydrophilization / emulsificationMonovinyl- determinable

V 1100 Wax / approx. 1100 Monohydroxy- 4756 Not approx. 40 2531 10.012.0 max. 0.3 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Copolymerization / hydrophilization / emulsificationmelt Monovinyl- determinable (50%

in water at 20C)

V 2000 Wax / approx. 2000 Monohydroxy- 2630 Not approx. 50 5057 10.012.0 max. 0.3 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Copolymerization / hydrophilization / emulsificationmelt Monovinyl- determinable (50%

in water at 20C)

V 5000 Wax / approx. 5500 Monohydroxy- 8.610.2 Not approx. 57 160210 10.012.0 max. 0.3 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Copolymerization / hydrophilization / emulsificationmelt Monovinyl- determinable (50%

in water at 20C)


Technical data on A- and V-type polyglycols Polyalkylene glycol monoallyl ethers CH2=CHCH2(OCH2CH2)n(OCH2CHCH3)mOH CAS-No.: 272 74-31-3

Polyalkylene glycol monovinyl ethers CH2=CH(OCH2CH2)nOH CAS-No.: 126682-74-4


Technical data on PR-type polyglycols Polyalkylene glycols H(OCH2CH2)n(OCHCH3CH2) (OCH2CH2)mOH CAS-No.: 9003-11-6

Type Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Pour point Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Vapour Oxide INCI Applicationform mass value (DIN 51597) at 50C at 20C at 10% content index nD at 20C pressure ash designation characteristics

g / mol (DIN 53240) C (DIN 51562) (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) at 20C (DIN 51575)mg KOH / g mm2 / s g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) hPa %m / m

PR 300 Liquid approx. 300 Dihydroxy- approx. 375 approx. -50 1822 1.100 4.07.0 max. 0.5 1.461 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesis esterification / defoaming agent

PR 450 Liquid approx. 450 Dihydroxy- approx. 250 approx. -25 2632 1.110 4.07.0 max. 0.5 1.465 < 0.01 max. 0.01 PEG-10 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisPropylene Glycol esterification / defoaming agent

PR 600 Liquid approx. 600 Dihydroxy- approx. 187 approx. -5 3442 1.115 4.07.0 max. 0.5 1.468 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisesterification / defoaming agent

PR 1000 Liquid approx. 1,000 Dihydroxy- approx. 112 approx. 17 5971 1.120 4.07.0 max. 0.5 1.468 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisesterification / defoaming agent

PR 1000 PU Liquid approx. 1,000 Dihydroxy- approx. 112 approx. 17 5971 1.120 3.05.0 max. 0.5 1.468 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Reduced alkali content for synthesis and polyurethane applications

VP 1962 Liquid approx. 700 Dihydroxy- approx. 80 approx. -17 95115 1.124 8.010.0 max. 0.5 1.494 < 0.01 Lubricant 1.130


Technical data on B11-type polyglycols Statistical ethylene oxide / propylene oxide-copolymerisate-monobutyl ether CH3CH2CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)n(OCH2CHCH3)mOH CAS-No.: 9038-95-3

Type Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Pour point Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Cloud Vapour Oxide INCI Applicationform mass value (DIN 51597) at 50C at 20C at 10% content index nD at 20C point, 1% pressure ash designation characteristics

g / mol (DIN 53240) C mm2 / s (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) in water at 20C (DIN 51575)mg KOH / g g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) C hPa %m / m

B11 / 50 Liquid approx. 1,700 Monohydroxy- approx. 33 approx. -50 4555 1.038 6.08.0 max. 0.5 1.457 approx. 58 < 0.01 max. 0.01 PPG-15-Buteth-20 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesis / Monobutoxy- esterification / defoaming agent

B11 / 70 Liquid approx. 2,000 Monohydroxy- approx. 28 approx. -45 6674 1.042 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.457 approx. 50 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesis / Monobutoxy- esterification / defoaming agent

B11 / 100 Liquid approx. 2,300 Monohydroxy- approx. 25 approx. -45 80100 1.044 5.07.0 max. 0,15 1.458 approx. 50 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesis / Monobutoxy- esterification / defoaming agent

B 11 / 150 Liquid approx. 3,100 Monohydroxy- approx. 18 approx. -45 135165 1.046 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.459 approx. 48 < 0.01 max. 0.01 PPG-28-Buteth-35 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesis / Monobutoxy- esterification / defoaming agent

B11 / 150 K Liquid approx. 3,100 Monohydroxy- approx. 18 approx. -45 135165 1.046 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.459 approx. 48 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesis / Monobutoxy- esterification / defoaming agent



B11 / 700 K Liquid approx. 4,800 Monohydroxy- approx. 11 approx. -35 630770 1.049 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.460 approx. 48 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesis / Monobutoxy- esterification / defoaming agent


Technical data on P41-type polyglycols Statistical ethylene oxide / propylene oxide-copolymerisates, branched H(OCH2CH2)n(OCH2CHCH3)mOH n:m = 4:1 CAS-No.: 58205-99-5

Type Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Pour point Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Cloud Vapour Oxide Applicationform mass value (DIN 51597) at 50C at 20C at 10% content index nD at 20C point, 1% pressure ash characteristics

g / mol (DIN 53240) C mm2 / s (DIN 51757) (DIN 19268) (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) in water at 20C (DIN 51575)mg KOH / g g / cm3 % (m / m) ( 0.002) C hPa %m / m

P41 / 200 Liquid approx. 3,500 Tetrahydroxy- approx. 64 approx. -25 180220 1.094 7.09.5 max. 0.5 1.467 approx. 90 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisesterification / defoaming agent

P41 / 300 Liquid approx. 5,000 Tetrahydroxy- approx. 45 approx. -10 270330 1.094 7.09.5 max. 0.5 1.467 approx. 90 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisesterification / defoaming agent

P41 / 3000 Liquid approx. 15,000 Tetrahydroxy- approx. 15 approx. 0 27003300 1.094 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.467 approx. 80 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisesterification / defoaming agent

P41 / 12000 Liquid approx. 20,000 Tetrahydroxy- approx. 11 approx. 0 1080013200 1.046 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.467 approx. 75 < 0.01 max. 0.05 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisesterification / defoaming agent

P41 / 12000 Liquid approx. 20,000 Tetrahydroxy- approx. 11 approx. -10 27003300 1.101 5.07.0 19.021.0 1.450 approx. 75 max. 0.05 Lubricant / thickener / quenching oilM 80

Genolub Liquid Mixture Mixture approx. -10 185235 1.090 9.011.0 4.06.0 1.463 > 90C max. 0.05 Lubricant / cutting fluid1674


Technical data on B01 / T01-type polyglycols Propylene oxide polymerisate-monobutyl ether CH3CH2CH2CH2(OCH2CHCH3)mOH CAS-No.: 9003-13-8

Propylene oxide polymerisate-monoisotridecyl ether CH3(CH2)12(OCH2CHCH3)mOH CAS-No.: 72108-90-8

Type Product Molar Functionality Hydroxyl Pour point Viscosity Density pH Water Refractive Vapour Oxide INCI Applicationform mass value (DIN 51597) at 50C at 20C at 10% in content index nD at 20C pressure ash designation characteristics

g / mol (DIN 53240) C mm2 / s (DIN 51757) ethanol / water (DIN 51777) (DIN 51423) at 20C (DIN 51575)mg KOH / g g / cm3 (SAE) % (m / m) ( 0.002) hPa %m / m

B01 / 20 Liquid approx. 800 Monohydroxy- approx. 70 approx. -50 1822 0.981 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.446 < 0.01 max. 0.01 PPG-14 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisMonobutoxy- Butyl Ether esterification / defoaming agent

B01 / 40 Liquid approx. 1,100 Monohydroxy- approx. 51 approx. -45 3644 0.989 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.448 < 0.01 max. 0.01 PPG-18 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisMonobutoxy- Butyl Ether esterification / defoaming agent

B 01 / 80 Liquid approx. 1,400 Monohydroxy- approx. 40 approx. -45 7288 0.996 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.450 < 0.01 max. 0.01 PPG-24 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisMonobutoxy- Butyl Ether esterification / defoaming agent



T01 / 35 Liquid approx. 800 Monohydroxy- approx. 70 approx. -45 31.538.5 0.965 5.07.0 max. 0.5 1.449 < 0.01 max. 0.01 Solvent / lubricant / chemical synthesisMonoisotri- esterification / defoaming agentdecyloxy-

VP 1856 / Liquid > 3500 Monobutoxy- approx. -22 9001100 1.008 5.07.0 max. 0.20 1.453 < 0.01 Lubricant / defoaming agent1000 Polyhydroxy

The combination of hygroscopic, viscous, lubricating, releasing

and binder properties in PEGs with their excellent solubility in

water creates ideal conditions for their use in numerous fields

of application. The low-molecular liquid PEGs 200600 are mis-


Depending on their molecular weight, polyethylene glycols are

either viscous liquids or low-melting waxy solids. The melting

point of polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight excee-

ding 4,000 g/mol is always around 5865C. The viscosity of the

melts and solutions of PEGs increases markedly with their

molecular weight (Fig. 2).

The melting point / pour point of polyalkylene glycols, i.e. copo-

lymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, drops with the

proportion of propylene oxide groups (Fig. 3). Thus polyalkyl gly-

cols with a propylene oxide content exceeding 50% are highly

viscous liquids with a very low pour point of approx. -40C.

Viscosity / Melting point

Physico-chemical properties Figure 2: Viscosity of PEG 20035,000 as a function of temperature

Figure 3: Melting points / pour points of polyglycols

mm2 / s1,000,000

300,000

100,000

30,000

10,000

3,000

1,500

500

200

100

50

30

20

14

10

8

6

4

3

mm2 / s

500,000

200,000

50,000

20,000

5,000

2,000

1,000

300

150

40

25

12

9

7

5

3

10 0 + 20 40 60 80 100 120 C

35 000

20,000

12,00010,000

8,000

6,000

4,0003,350

3,000

2,00015001,3501,000

800

600

400

300

200

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Pour point / melting point in C

PEG

Proportion of propylene oxide 20



Solubility / Hygroscopicity

cible with water in any ratio, whereby the addition of water lo-

wers the solidification point compared to pure liquid PEG. Solu-

bility in water drops somewhat with increasing molar mass, but

never falls below 50% even in PEG 35,000. Dissolution can be

accelerated to a considerable degree by heating the substance

to above the melting point. The behaviour of PEGs is not iono-

genic in aqueous solutions. They are not sensitive to electro-

lytes and can therefore also tolerate hard water. The water so-

lubility of polyalkylene glycols decreases with the proportion of

propylene oxide in the copolymer. This is reflected in a lowering

of the cloud point in water. Pure polypropylene glycols such as

the B01-type polyglycols are practically insoluble in water.

When our PEGs are shipped, the water content is max. 0.5%.

Drying down to 0.1% is feasible if necessary by drying at tempe-

ratures of up to 165C under vacuum. Using fresh or correctly

regenerated molecular sieves (pore size 34 ), the water con-

tent can be reduced to 0.05%. Polyglycols are hygroscopic.

Their hygroscopicity increases with molecular weight and the

proportion of propylene oxide in the comonomer (see Fig. 4).

Polyethylene glycols are also readily soluble in many polar or-

ganic solvents, for example acetone and methanol. Polyethyle-

ne glycols are insoluble in pure hydrocarbons.


Physico-chemical properties Figure 4a: Sorption isotherms (23 1C) for PEG 2004,000, glycerol and sorbitol

100

max. water uptake % (m / m)

908070

60

50

40

30

20

1098

7

6

5

4

3

2

110 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

% relative humidity

Glyce

rol

PEG

200

PEG

400

PEG

600

PEG

1000

Sorb

itol

PEG

1500

PEG

2000

PEG

4000

Figure 4b: Sorption isotherms for various polyglycols at 23 1C

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% relative humidity

max. water uptake % (m/m)100

9080

70

60

50

40

30

20

1098

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

B 01

B 11

P 41

M 500

T 01

PR 300


Physico-chemical properties

Polyglycols are not volatile, which is a considerable advantage

in view of their applications as plasticizers and humectants.

When they are heated to temperatures exceeding 150C, the re-

sulting weight losses are not due to evaporation, but rather to

release of volatile decomposition products. Thermal decompo-

sition of polyglycols results neither in hard encrustations nor to

deposit of viscous sludge. The decomposition products of poly-

glycols vary according to air exposure. In addition to water,

carbon dioxide and aldehydes, simple alcohols, acids and gly-

col esters also form. When handling polyglycols at temperatu-

res above 100C, we recommend the addition of suitable oxida-

tion stabilizers. The type and amount of stabilizer required de-

pend on what is expected from the PEG. The following sub-

stances have proved useful as antioxidants:

1. Polymeric trimethyldihydroquinoline

2. Diphenylamine derivative

3. Phenothiazine

4. Phenyl-alpha naphthylamine

5. 4,4' methylene-bis-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol

6. Butylated hydroxyanisole

7. Methoxyphenol (hydroxyanisole)

On the other hand, purely thermal decomposition without oxy-

gen can hardly be influenced by additives.

Volatility and heat resistance Solubility of various substances inPolyglykol P41/300, B11/150, M500,PR 600 and T01/35 at 20C / mixingratio 1:1.

Acetanilide 16%Acetic anhydride Acetone Acrylonitrile Acrylic acid Adipic acid diisopropyl ester Allyl alcohol Ammonia, 25% Amyl acetate Amyl alcohol Aniline Antipyrine 10%Azulene (guajol azulene) 10%

Beeswax ins.Benzaldehyde Benzene Benzine ins.Benzocaine 50%Benzoic acid 10%Benzyl alcohol Borax, crystalline 0.3%Bromo acid 10%Bromobenzene Butanol Butyl acetate Butyl amine Butyl diglycol Butyl glycol

Calcium chloride 2H2O 20%Camphor 10%Canauba wax ins.Carbon disulphide 10%Carbon tetrachloride Casein ins.Castor oil 1%Catechol 50%Ceresin ins.Cetyl stearyl alcohol cold ssChloral hydrate 50%Chloramine T 10%Chlorinated paraffin 56 and 70 Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chlorothymol 50%Citric acid 25%Cobalt(II) chloride 6H2O *50%Coconut oil amine 10%Colophony 50%

o-Cresol Copper(II) chloride 2H2O *50%Cyclohexane ins.Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone

Diacetone alcohol Dibutyl phthalate b,b'-Dichloroethyl ether Diethanolamine Diethylene glycol Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether Dimethyl acetamide Dimethyl formamide Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl sulphoxide Dioctyl phthalate ins.Dioxan Diphenyl ether Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate ins.Dipropylene glycol Dodecan-1-ol

Ephedrine (1/2 H2O) 20%Ester waxes ins.Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl aminoformate 50%Ethyl benzene Ethyl diglycol Ethyl glycol Ethyl glycol acetate 2-Ethyl hexanol Ethylene chloride

Formamide Furfural

Gelatine ins.Glacial acetic acid Glycerol Glycerol monostearate cold ssGlycerol triacetate Glycol Glycolic acid butyl ester Gum Arabic ins.

Hexachlorophene 45%Hexadecan-1-ol cold ssHydrochloric acid, 37%

Iodine 20%Iron(III) chloride 6H2O *50%Isobutyl acetate Isobutyl alcohol Isodecyl alcohol Isooctyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Isotridecyl alcohol

Lactic acid, 90% Lead acetate 1%Lead stearate ins.Lecithin ins.Lithium stearate ins.

Magnesium chloride 4H2O *25%Manganese(II) chloride 4H2O

*40%Menthol 10%Mercury(II) acetate *10%Methanol Methoxybutyl acetate Methyl acetate Methyl diglycol Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl glycol Methyl glycol acetate Methyl methacrylate Methyl salicylate Methylene chloride Mineral oils ins.Morpholine

-Naphthol 40%Naphthalene 10%Nitrobenzene Nitromethane

Octan-1-ol Oil of eucalyptus 105Oil of lavender 10%Oleic acid

Paraffinic oil ins.Paraldehyde 50%PEG-lauric acid ester PEG-sorbitanoleate cold ssPerchloroethylene 43%Phenacetin 10%Phenol 50%Phenol, 90% Phenothiazine 15%Phenyl acetate Phenylmercuric acetate 10%Phenyl salicylate 50%Phosphoric acid, 85% Piperazine 10%Polyethylene glycol 4,000 ins.(warm soluble)Polypropylene glycol 400 Potassium iodide *15%

Propan-1-ol 1,2-Propylene glycol Pyridine

Resorcinol 50%

Saccharin 10%Salicylaldehyde Salicylic acid 30%Sorbic acid 5%Sorbitol cold ssSodium chloride 0.3%Sodium cyclamate 3%Sodium nitrite 0.4%Sodium sulphate ins.Stearic acid cold ssStearylamine ins.Styrene Styrene oxide Sulphanilamide 10%Sulphathiazole 10%Sulphuric acid, 50%

Tannic acid 50%Terpineol Tetrahydrofuran Tetralin 55%Thiourea 10%Thymol 50%Tin(II) chloride 2H2O *55%1,1,1-Trichloroethane Trichloroethene Trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol 10%Triethanolamine Triethylene glycol tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate

Urea 3%

Vanillin 10%Vaseline ins.Vegetable oils ins.

Xylenol Xylene

Zinc chloride 2H2O *20%

* These metallic salts become so-lute when heated to about 100Cand form highly viscous liquidswith PEG 400 that are also stableat room temperature.

Figures indicate % (m/m) = miscible in any ratiocold ss = sparingly soluble at room temperature, soluble at 7080Cins. = insoluble

Solubility of various substances in PEG 400 at room temperature

P41/300 B11/150 M 500 PR 600 B01/120 T01/35

Acetic acid + + 10% 10% + +

Acetone + + + + + +

Allyl alcohol + + + + + +

Ammonia, 25% + + +

Amyl alcohol + + + + + +

Aniline + + + + + +

Avocado oil + +

Benzaldehyde + + + + + +

Benzine + +

Benzene + + + + + +

Benzyl alcohol + + + + + +

Butanol + + + + + +

Butanone + + + + + +

Butyl acetate + + + + + +

Castor oil + + + +

Carbon

disulphide + + + + + +

Carbon

tetrachloride + + + + + +

Chlorobenzene + + + + + +

Chloroform + + + + + +

Chlorinated

paraffin + + + + + +

o-Cresol + + + + + +

Cyclohexane + + +

Cyclohexanol + + + + + +

Cyclohexanone + + + + + +

Diethyl ether + + + + + +

Diethylene glycol + + +

Diethylene glycol

dimethyl ether + + + + + +



The various polyglycol types are not chemical compounds with

a precisely defined molar mass, but rather polymers with a cer-

tain molar mass distribution. Normally, the molar masses Mn

calculated on the basis of the hydroxyl value (OH value) are

the values listed. A knowledge of the OH value is decisive for

many chemical processes involving polyglycols.

The molar mass distribution can be calculated by means of gel

permeation chromatography (GPC). This distribution range is

generally quite narrow for polyethylene glycols (Fig. 5).

Molar mass =56,110 x number of free OH groups per molecule

OH value

Figure 5:Molar mass distribution of PEG 4004,000Poisson distribution

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

n = 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 = n

% (m / m)

Polyethylene glycol H(OCH2CH2)nOH

n = 9M = 414

n = 21M = 942

n = 51M = 2262

n = 101M = 4462

Molar mass distribution / Hydroxyl valueDimethyl

formamide + + + + + +

Dimethyl

sulphoxide + + + +

1,4-Dioxan + + + + + +

Dipropylene

glycol + + + + + +

Ethanol + + + + + +

Ethyl acetate + + + + + +

Ethyl benzene + + + + + +

Ethyl diglycol + + + + + +

Ethylene chloride + + + + + +

Ethyl glycol + + + + + +

2-Ethyl hexanol + + + + + +

Fluorotrichloro-

methane + + + + + +

Glycerol + +

Glycol + + +

Hexadecan-1-ol +hot +hot +hot +hot +hot +

Hexane + +

Hexan-1-ol + + + + + +

Hydrochloric

acid, conc. + + 30% 30% + +

Isopropyl alcohol + + + + + +

Kerosene + +

Lactic acid, 80% + + + + + +

Linseed oil + + +

Methanol + + + + + +

Methyl diglycol + + + + + +

Methylene

chloride + + + + + +

Methyl glycol + + + + + +

Mineral oil +hot +

Morpholine + + + + + +

Nitrobenzene + + + + + +

Nitromethane + + + + + +

Octan-1-ol + + + + + +

Olive oil + +

Oleic acid + + + + + +

Paraffinic oil +hot +

Peanut oil + +

Perchloro-

ethylene + + 40% 40% + +

Petroleum ether + +

Polyethylene

glycol 400 + + + +

Polyethylene

glycol 4,000 +hot

Polypropylene

glycol 2,000 + + +

Propylene glycol + + + +

Spindle oil + +

Stearic acid + hot +hot +hot +

Sulphuric acid

50% + + + +

Tetrahydrofuran + + + + + +

Tetralin + + + + + +

Toluene + + + + + +

Trichloroethene + + + + + +

Trichloroethyl

phosphate + + + + + +

Triethanolamine + +

Trixylenyl

phosphate + + + + + +

Turkey red oil + + + + + +

Water + + + +

Xylene + + + + + +

P41/300 B11/150 M 500 PR 600 B01/120 T01/35 P41/300 B11/150 M 500 PR 600 B01/120 T01/35



Table 1

Particle size distribution of PEG powder

Microns Powder Fine powder

3,00020,000 3,0008,000

% %

< 90 1020 7590

90200 2035 1020

> 200 5570 15

Powder density (kg / m3)

Flakes Powder Fine powder

400500 500700 450550

Polyethylene glycols with molar masses of 1,500 to 35,000 are

usually supplied in flake form (S types) with flake sizes of 0.52

cm. Powdered (P types) are also available with molar masses of

3,000 to 20,000 as well as fine powders (PF types) at 3,000 to

8,000. Polyethylene glycols in powder form are used where

thorough mixing with other types of components in the dry state

is important, e.g. in tablet manufacture or preparation of cera-

mic pressing masses.

Table 1 shows the sieve analysis for a typical particle size dis-

tribution and the powder density of our polyglycol powders.

Particle size distribution / Powder density

The harmlessness of polyethylene glycols in terms of health risk

is of key significance in many applications in pharmaceutics,

cosmetics and food packaging. Polyethylene glycols are appro-

ved and listed in all major pharmacopoeias as adjuvants in pro-

duction of pharmaceuticals. The low content level requirements

for monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol of 0.2% as well

as the specification for maximum residual ethylene oxide and

dioxan of 1 ppm are generally met by our polyethylene glycols

beginning at a molecular weight of 300. A Special Quality has

been defined for Polyglykol 200 (Polyglykol 200 USP) used in

such applications. The microbiological specifications and the

maximum germ counts for pharmaceutical adjuvants are also

met by the polyglycols. In addition to pharmaceutical listings,

approvals of polyglycols for food-related applications are deci-

sive for a large number of applications, mainly in the field of

packaging. Both in Germany and the US, polyglycols are listed

in the BgVV (German Federal Institute of Consumer Health Pro-

tection and Veterinary Medicine) Recommendations and the

FDA Code of Federal Regulations for many applications invol-

ving potential food contact (Tabs. 2, 3, 4).

Please also refer to our brochure "Your universally applicable Polymer".

Physiological behaviour / Pharmaceutical and food approvals

FDA regulation of polyethylene glycols

Table 2

Regulation Application Type

(21 CFR)

73.1 Diluent in color additive mixtures fo coloring shell eggs. Polyglykol 6000 (S)

172.210 Coatings on fresh citrus fruit. Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 8000 (S)

172.820 Use in food. Special requirement: no more than 0.2 per cent Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 8000 (S)

total by weight of ethylene and diethylene glycol.

173.310 Boiler water additive. Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 8000 (S)

173.340 Defoaming agent. Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 8000 (S)

175.105 Indirect food additives: components of adhesives Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 6000 (S)

175.300 Resinous and polymeric coatings: esters with triglycerides Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 35000 (S)

or fatty acids derived from oils

177.2420 Polyester resins, crosslinked Polyglykol 6000 (S)

177.2600 Rubber articles intended for repeated use Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 8000 (S)

177.2800 Textiles and textile fibers, adjuvant substances Polyglykol 400 to 3000 (S)

178.3120 Animal glue Polyglykol 300 to 8000 (S)

178.3750 Use as a component of articles intended for use in contact with food. Polyglykol 200 USP and 300 to 8000 (S)

Special requirement: no more than 0.2 per cent total by weight of ethylene

and diethylene glycol.

178.3910 Surface lubricants used in the manufacture of metallic articles. Polyglykol 300 to 35000 (S)

Special requirement: no more than 0.2 per cent total by weight of ethylene

and diethylene glycol.

181.30 Substances used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard products Polyglykol 400

used in food packaging


FDA regulation of polyalkylene glycols

Table 4

Regulation Application Type

(21 CFR)

173.310 Additive for steam boiler to generate steam that comes into contact with food Polyglykol B11/50 to B11/300

173.340 Constituent of anti-foaming agents used for sugarbeet production. Polyglykol B11/300

175.105 Constituent of adhesives used to process articels for packaging, Polyglykol B11/50 to B11/300

transport or storing food Polyglykol B01/40 to B01/240

176.200 Constituent of anti-foaming agents used in the preparation and coating of paper Polyglykol B11/300 to B11/700

and cardboard Polyglykol B01/50 to B01/300

176.210 Constituent of anti-foaming agents used in the manufacture of paper Polyglykol B11/300 to B11/700

and cardboard Polyglykol B01/50 to B01/300

178.1010 Constituent of disinfectants to clean food-processing machines or other objects Polyglykol B11/50 to B11/700

that come into contact with food

178.3120 Anti-foaming agent as in 176.210 for use in production of animal glues Polyglykol B11/150 to B11/700

Polyglykol B01/40 to B01/240

178.3570 Constituent of lubricants for processing in machines to manufacture, process, Polyglykol B11/50 to B11/700

prepare , treat , package, transport or store food. Polyglykol B01/40 to B01/240

178.3910 Surface lubricants used in the manufacture of metallic articles. Polyglykol B11/50 to B11/700

Polyglykol B01/40 to B01/240


Table 3

BGVV (German Federal Health Office) Recommendations for PEGs

BGVV Recom- Class of substance Position as of End use and limits Purity requirements mendation

III polyethylene 01.12.1995 lubricant, antiblocking agent, max. 0.2% antistatic agent, max. 0.25% monoethylene glycol

V polystyrene 01.12.1995 antistatic agent, max. 0.2% max. 3% monoethylene glycol

VI styrene co- and graft polymers, 01.12.1995 lubricant, max. 0.2% mixtures of polystyrene with mould release agent, monoethylene glycol polymers max. 8%*

IX dyestuffs for the coloration of 01.06.1994 auxiliary, max. 0.1% plastics and other polymers max. 0.35%** monoethylene glycol

X polyamides 01.12.1995 carrier, adhesion promoter,max. 0.2%

XII unsaturated polyester resins 01.07.1984 mould release agent, lubricant molar mass at least 1000

XIII cellulose film 25.08.1985 humectant max. 15% max. 0.2% replaced 1989 (also triethylene glycol) monoethylene glycol

XIV polymer dispersions 01.12.1995 defoamer, max. 10%

XVII polyterephthalic acid diole ester 01.12.1995 starting substance, max. 0.1%

XXI natural and synthetic rubber 01.12.1995 processing aid, lubricant, max. 0.2%mould release agent monoethylene glycol

XXVII plasticized PVC for 01.03.1989 antistatic agent molar mass at least 400conveyor belts

XXVIII crosslinked polyurethane 01.06.1981 educt

XXXV copolymers from ethylene, 01.12.1995 processing aid in uncrosslinked max. 0.2% propylene, butylene, vinyl esters peroxidically crosslinked and monoetyhlene glycol and saturated aliphatic acids, ionically crosslinked material,salts and esters max. 0.1%

XXXVI paper, board, cartons 01.12.1995 humectant max. 0.2% monoetyhlene glycol

XLI polyurethanes for paper coating 01.01.1975 raw material

XLIV artificial sausage skins 10.05.1995 polyethylene glycol max. 0.2% (cellulose film) max. 27.5%* in conjunction monoetyhlene glycol

with coating, complying BGVV

XLVI crosslinked polyethylene 01.06.1984 lubricant, max. 0.2% max. 1%* monoetyhlene glycol

XLVIII materials for the coating of 01.03.1975 wax dispersion max. 0.2% hollow glassware monoetyhlene glycol

KTW polyethylene 12.08.1976 lubricant, antistatic agent, max. 0.2% part 1.3.2 max. 0.25% monoetyhlene glycol

health hair sprays 20.01.1978 film-former max. 0.2% evaluation monoetyhlene glycol

* Total quantity of all the auxiliaries used for this purpose** Based on colored part of the consumer article


Applications thermoplasts. To prevent migration of the polyethylene glycols

out of the plastics, use of high-molecular types such as Polygly-

kol 20,000, 20,000SRU or 35,000 is recommended.

The combination of low levels of volatility, hydrophilia and hy-

groscopicity make polyethylene glycols a suitable additive with

favourable effects on the moisture levels in paper, wood and

cellophane, thus preventing brittleness, drying out and tearing,

as well as improving the uptake and flow characteristics or ink

and other colours on paper. According to BgVV and FDA Re-

commendations (see Tabs. 2, 3, 4), polyglycols have been ap-

proved for many applications related to food products. Deposi-

tion of PEGs in the cell walls of wood can prevent the well-kno-

wn phenomenon of drying shrinkage, rendering the wood di-

mensionally stable.

Polyglycols are used variously in the field of building material

chemistry in accordance with their specific structures.

B11, P41 and B01 polyglycols are used as components of de-

foaming agents and pore regulators in flow concrete.

Polyethylene glycols are commonly used as additives to in-

crease the flow qualities of liquid fillers and levelling mas-

ses. For these applications, dry mixtures of polyethylene gly-

col powders are added to cement and mortar formulae.

Copolymers with M and V polyglycol side branch groups ser-

ve to slow down the setting process; they are also used to

plasticize and improve the flow characteristics for concrete

processing.

Polyethylene glycols are used as water-soluble binding agents

for production and pressing of detergent tablets. The rate of ta-

blet dissolution can be set as desired by selecting the right type

and dosage of PEGs.

Polyglycols, above all liquid types from the B11, B01, M and PR

series are used in lubricant formulae for processing wool, cel-

lulose and synthetic fibres. The polyglycols used contribute a

combination of favourable characteristics.

Low levels of volatility and residue formation

Good lubricant properties (fibre/metal, and fibre/fibre)

Ready solubility in water, making them easy to wash out

Antistatic effect

No discoloration of fibres due to the influences of light and

heat

Pure, high-molecular polyethylene glycols are used as formula

additives for surface treatment of glass fibres.

Spray-granulated fertilizers must be protected from caking by

suitable treatment. At the same time, consumers demand that

the granule surface be coated so as to prevent dust from for-

ming. Both of these demands are met by coating the fertilizer

granules with high-molecular polyethylene glycols.

In enzyme production as well, the enzyme product can be pro-

tected from ambient influences and oxidation by means of a

spray-coat of PEGs.

Paper industry, wood and cellophaneprocessing

Binding agents for detergent tablets(cleaning agents for clothes, dishes,denture cleaners)

Additives in fibre, textile and leatherprocessing

Anticaking treatment / Spray-coatingof fertilizers and enzymes

Additives in the building materialsindustry

Polyethylene glycols are used as lubricants, plasticizers and

binding agents in the production of extruded ceramic compo-

nents made of oxide powders, ferrite extrusion masses or pow-

der metals. The standard PEG types 4,000, 6,000 and 20,000 are

used as well as the thermally stable product Polyglykol 20,000

SR formulated especially for the ceramics industry.

In the extruding process, 1% PEG usually suffices to ensure a

sufficient plasticizing effect. Ceramic spray granulates require

about 4% PEGs. In powder injection moulding, much higher per-

centages of binding agent are required. Polyethylene glycols

have numerous advantages over other binding agents.

A lower melting point of only about 60C

Excellent water solubility facilitating production of aqueous

powder slurries for subsequent spray granulation.

Good plasticizing and lubricating properties in production of

moulded parts.

Improved stability of form and edges and better rupture sta-

bility in green mouldings.

Thorough burning without influencing the electrical pro-

perties of the finished ceramics.

Polyglycols are also good carrying media and binding agents

for pigments. Adding them increases the adhesion strength of

raw glazes and ceramic colours.

Mixing ceramic colours with molten polyglycol (at approx. 70C,

for example, 45 parts by weight colour with 1 part PEG 6,000)

and allowing the mass to solidify in colour cups produces a

substance that is easily grindable with water. Glass colours can

also easily be applied to glass dcor using this method. The

colour mass dries more quickly than applying turpentine oil.

Polyethylene glycols have been used for some time in the rub-

ber and tyre industry. In most cases, PEG 4,000, 6,000 or 8,000

are used. Using the high-molecular PEG 20,000 usually enhan-

ces the effect even further. PEGs in the form of a 15% aqueous

solution can be sprayed into the vulcanization moulds or added

directly to the rubber formula. Polyglycols make mould release

easy. They give the vulcanisates an attractive finish which in

the case of black goods is distinguished by a deep shade and

velvety sheen. In general, foam rubber articles require higher

concentrations. By contrast with mineral oils, polyglycols do

not attack rubber and can readily be washed off with water.

According to the FDA Recommendation for Rubber Articles (21

CFR 177.2600), PEGs have been approved as processing aids,

lubricants and release agents for rubber articles that come into

contact with food products.

As vulcanization activators, for example with highly dispersed

silicic acid, the addition of PEGs (especially PEG 6,000 to 20,000)

to the vulcanization masses enhances filler dispersion during

the mixing process and improves tensile strength modulus and

tear resistance of the end product. PEG 1,500 can be used as a

processing additive for latex production. The PEG acts as a re-

lease agents to prevent sticking.

At low concentration levels, polyethylene glycols influence es-

sential properties such as water uptake, softening behaviour or

the electrical puncture strength of thermoplastic materials.

And, as described in the previous section, they also act as lu-

bricants during processes such as extrusion, injection moulding

or calendering. For this reason, PEGs are used as additives in

plastics such as polyethylene, polyoxymethylene and fluoro-

Technical ceramics / Powder metallurgy

Plasticizers, modifiers, processing aidsin plastic manufacturing

Production of rubber and elastomers polyglycols as lubricant and mouldrelease agents and as vulcanizationactivators


Applications In the production of polyesters and polyamides, polyethylene

glycols are used to modify the polymeric properties.

Reactions of polyglycols with isocyanates follow the scheme

shown in Fig. 6. Use of diisocyanates together with dihydrofun-

ctional polyglycols results in linear polyurethanes, whereas use

of trifunctional and tetrafunctional isocyanates and polyglycols

e.g. polyglycols from the P41 series results in cross-linked

polyurethanes. M-type polyglycols contain only one terminal

OH group, resulting in chain terminations in reactions with

isocyanates. Polypropylene glycols are used most frequently in

production of standard polyurethanes. The much more hydro-

philic polyethylene glycols are used to modify elasticity, synthe-

size polyurethane-based thickeners for paints and coatings (as-

sociative thickeners) and in production of aqueous polyuretha-

ne dispersions. Decisive factors in reactions with isocyanates

are the purity and low water content of the polyglycols used.

Clariant carries a number of special polyglycols for these appli-

cations.

Figure 6: Reaction of polyglycols with isocyanates

Reactions of the free hydroxyl groups in polyglycols with epoxi-

des, such as for example glycidyl methacrylate, can be used to

provide various reactive groups available for further reactions

with the hydrophilic polyglycol chain.

Dihydroxyfunctional polyethylene glycols can be cross-linked to

diepoxides such as bisphenol-A-diepoxide. Depending on the

proportion of diepoxide and on the polyglycol used, the results

are highly viscous, water-soluble polyethylene glycols or inso-

luble gels capable of swelling.

Catalytic addition of an Si-H function to the allyl group in allyl

polyglycols as in the reaction in Fig. 7 (hydrosilylation reaction)

results in silicone surfactants composed of a hydrophobic sili-

cone and the hydrophilic polyglycol unit. Depending on the type

of polyglycol used, their properties can be widely varied. These

products are commonly used as special surfactants, defoaming

agents and foam regulators in paints and foam materials.

Figure 7: Hydrosilylation of allyl polyglycols

V-type polyglycols can be radically copolymerized with suitable

comonomers such as maleic acid anhydride, vinyl acetate or

methylacrylic acid to raise the hydrophilia and dispersability of

the resulting polymer in water.

These polyglycols can be used as reactive emulsifiers and sta-

bilizers in emulsion and suspension polymerization. With their

single free OH group, V-type polyglycols can also be used in a

wide variety of chemical reactions.

In reactions with isocyanates and/or polyesters, a reactive

vinyl group is integrated in the resulting polymer. Hydrophilysa-

tion of silicones is obtained by additive hydrosilation of both V-

and allyl polyglycols. As is the case with all vinyl ethers, V-type

polyglycols tend to break down the vinyl function in an acidic

environment.

Reactions with functionalized polygly-cols allyl polyglycols

Reactions with isocyanates

Reactions with epoxides

As we explained above in the chapter on properties, polyethyle-

ne glycols are used as additives and adjuvants in many diffe-

rent pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications on the basis of

their physiological harmlessness. Many PEG types have recei-

ved INCI designations as cosmetic components. The applicati-

on profile reaches from maintaining moisture levels in creams

and toothpastes (Polyglykol 300 to 2,000 S) to binding agents in

tablets (Polyglykol 3,000 P to 8,000 P), water-soluble tablet coa-

tings (Polyglykol 20,000 S, 35,000 S) and use as actives in laxa-

tive formulae (Polyglykol 3,350 P).

Please also refer to our brochure "Your universally applicable Polymer".

Polyethylene glycols with a molar mass of 400 to 4,000 g/mol

have come to play a significant role as modifiers in the produc-

tion of high-strength regenerated (semi-synthetic) cellulose fib-

res. The addition of polyethylene glycol in the spinning process

slows the acidification of the viscose, resulting in higher wet

and dry strengths as well as reduced swelling capacities in

staple fibres and cord / textile rayon.

Polyglycols are used as non-volatile solvents and substrates for

paints, inks and adhesives. Due to their reduced tendency to

evaporate they prevent the mixtures from drying out and help

disperse pigments. Either hydrophilia or hydrophobia can be

achieved by adjusting the ethylene oxide : propylene oxide ra-

tio. In terms of pure polyethylene glycols (PEGs) the hydrophilia

(and water solubility) of the products is reduced towards the

B11 and B01 end of the range.

Esterification products of polyglycols (PEGs, M-PEGs, B11 and

B01 types) as well as additive compounds of silicones and allyl

polyglycols are also used as foam regulators and defoaming

agents in coatings and paints (see section: Reactions with poly-

glycols).

All of the polyglycols described here have primary or secondary

alcoholic terminal groups that are accessible to common reac-

tions such as esterification, etherification and reactions with

isocyanates and epoxides. The proportion of secondary hy-

droxyl groups in the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide copoly-

mers increases with the content of propylene oxide.

Polyglycols can form esters with their free hydroxyl groups.

Monoesters, diesters and polyesters can be synthesized de-

pending on the specific functionality of a polyglycol and the

acid used. Polyglycols are used as hydrophilic components, for

example in the synthesis of stearic or oleic acid esters. The hy-

drophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) can be specifically controlled

by selecting an appropriate polyglycol. Polypropylene glycols

and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers such as the

products from the B01, B11 or MP series have secondary hy-

droxyl groups in contrast to pure ethylene oxide polymers. The-

se groups are more difficult to esterify, although the resulting

esters are then more stable against hydrolysis. Esterification of

monohydro-functional polyglycols of the M and B series with

methylacrylic acid, maleic acid or other unsaturated acids re-

sults in macromonomers capable of radical copolymerization.

Their hydrophilic properties exert an essential influence on the

solubility and dispersion characteristics of the resulting poly-

mers. Use of dihydrofunctional PEGs in the same esterification

process results in water-soluble cross-linking agents for radi-

cal polymerizations.

Pharmaceutical and cosmeticpreparations

Solvents and additives in inks, paints,coatings and adhesives

Reactions with polyglycols

Modifiers in viscose production Esterifications

O OHO-(CH2CH2 O)nH + 2R-N=C=OR-NH-C-O(CH2CH2O)n-C-NH-R

Polyglycol Isocyanate Polyurethane

CH3 CH3 Pt CH3 CH3-(Si-O)n-Si-H + CH2= CH-CH2-O(CH2CH2O)nH -(Si-O)n-Si-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH

CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

Reactions with functionalizedpolyglycols vinyl polyglycols


The chemical structure of polyglycols gives them very low fric-

tion factors, high viscosity indices and minimal pressure-visco-

sity dependence. They also show little sensitivity to shear

stress. These properties make them interesting candidates for

lubricant applications. The melting point of pure polyethylene

glycols is, however, above 0C beginning at a molar mass of ap-

prox. 400 g/mol, so that these substances are unsuitable for

many lubrication uses. By means of copolymerization with pro-

pylene oxide, the melting point, or pour point, can be reduced to

-40 to -50C. This makes B11, B01 and P41 polyglycols useful as

basic oils and formula components for lubricants, aqueous hy-

draulic fluids and metal-processing fluids.

More detailed examples for the use of polyglycols as lubricants

are given below:

Fire resistant hydraulic fluids (HFC)

Fire resistant hydraulic fluids are used extensively for safety

reasons in many industries (mining, foundries, aluminium and

die-casting industry). The composition of these fluids is as

follows:

Approx. 45 % water as the non-combustible constituent

Approx. 25 % ethylene-, diethylene-, triethylene- or propylene-

glycol as anti-freeze compound

Approx. 20 % highly viscous, water-soluble polyglycol (e. g.

Polyglycol P41/12000) to achieve the required viscosity and

lubricity

Approx. 10 % additives to avoid liquid- and gaseous-phase

corrosion, as anti-foaming agent and wear protection.

The polyglycol/additive mixing ratio is of decisive importance

for the quality of the formulation. Water-glycol hydraulic fluids

have a clearly more favourable ecological profile than mineral

oil or fully synthetic formulations.

Polyglycols of the PR series can be used for the formulation of

biologically degradable hydraulic fluids that are ecologically

and toxicologically harmless. These hydraulic fluids are exten-

sively used in the food processing industry.

Gear lubricants for extreme temperatures

Polyglycols are characterised by a shallow viscosity-tempera-

ture curve (high VIE-Index), insensitiveness to shearing, out-

standing wear protection, excellent ageing stability as well as

low friction values and very low solidification points. Conse-

quently polyglycols, but particularly those of the B01, B11 and

T01 series, are ideally suited for the formulation of synthetic

hydraulic fluids and the lubrication of enclosed, high-load

industrial transmission gears, e.g. in rolling mills, feed mills,

kneaders and conveyors.

As a result of their low coefficient of friction the use of polygly-

cols as a lubricant in wormgear transmissions, the oil tempera-

ture can be reduced and the lubrication efficiency increased,

thereby significantly extending the service life of the given ma-

chine.

In correspondingly designed vehicles polyglycols can be used

to lubricate the rear axle transmission.

The Lubricant Additive 1655 is ideal for the formulation of po-

lyglycol gear transmission oils. For instance 1 part of Lubricant

Additive 1655 and 15 parts polyglycol B01/120 results in an out-

standing ageing resistance and a breakdown load stage

exceeding 12 in the tightened FZG test conditions (A/16.6/90).

Lubricants for gas and refrigeration compressors

Conventional, mineral oil based lubricants tend to absorb non-

polar gases while oxidation increases their viscosity. Polygly-

cols, on the other hand, absorb far less gases such as methane,

ethane, ethylene or propylene on account of their polar charac-

ter. This makes polyglycols, but particularly those of the B11 se-

ries, ideal lubricants for gas compressors. Consequently the

B11/700K and B11/150K types are ideal polyglycol lubricants for

Components for lubricantscompressors that are used for the polymerisation of ethylene or

propylene.

The solubility of ethylene in B11/150K polyglycol under compa-

rable pressure conditions is only one tenth of the solubility in

white oil. In addition to lower solubility of the gases that are

being compressed, lubricant consumption is much lower than

with white oil. Other advantages of polyglycols for use as com-

pressor lubricants include:

High load bearing capacity also without additives

Favourable viscosity-temperature behaviour

The viscosity is less dependent on the pressure

The danger of catalyst poisoning is minimised because poly-

glycols do not contain any sulphur

The compressed gas can be readily removed by washing with

water

Low-viscous polyglycols of the B11 and B01 series containing

the corresponding additives are also used to lubricate refrige-

ration compressors in conjunction with different refrigerants

(e.g. R134 A.)

Lubricant greases

High-quality lubricant greases, particularly for use involving

high and very low temperatures, can be produced with polygly-

cols. Modified bentonite or pyrogenic silicic acid can be used

as thickeners. Hydrocarbon resistant greases can be produced

with water-soluble polyglycols, e. g. the B11 or PR types.

Quenching bath additives

The polyglycols P41/3000 and P41/12000 have proved their

worth as an additive for quenching baths. The formation of a

water vapour skin during the quenching process is avoided,

and with it soft spots and cracking. The maximum cooling rate

is diminished in a targeted manner and shifted towards higher

temperature. The amount added to quenching baths is in the

order of 2 5 % polyglycol.

Metalworking/plastics processing

Polyglycols, e. g. polyglycols of the PR and P41 series, are

suitable for the formulation of water-soluble, fully synthetic

cooling/cutting lubricants and spark erosion fluids and for ma-

chining steel, castings and lead-free alloys. A typical formula-

tion would consist of 1050 % Polyglycol P41/3000 and 5090 %

Hostacor IT. 15 % solutions are used, depending upon the

complexity of the machining process.

Water-soluble polyglycols of the P41, PR and B11 series are

ideal heating conducting fluids for use in tempering plastic

parts, for pressureless vulcanisation and for the production of

PC-boards in the electrical industry. In all instances the poly-

glycol based heat carrier/lubricating medium can be easily

washed off with water.

Applications


Notes

Our products are constantly upgraded on the basis of the latest re-search results. Products may occasionally be deleted in the courseof updating the sales range. Development products that have rea-ched the production stage are not included in this list.

This information is based on our present knowledge and is intendedto provide general notes on our products and their uses. It shouldnot therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties ofthe products described or their suitability for a particular applicati-on. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. Thequality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditionsof Sale.

September 2002

Shipping and storageLiquid PEG 200600 are shipped in polyethylene or corrugated

steel drums, pallet containers (1 t) or in road or rail tankers. Fla-

kes or powder forms of PEG are supplied in polyethylene sacks

or Big-Bags. The soft, waxy product PEG 1,000 is only available

in a fused form. The solid types PEG 8008,000 are available

as low-cost molten goods supplied in heated tankers.

PEGs in sealed original packaging have a shelf life of 2 years if

stored in a cool, dry place.

Exclusion of moisture is very important, since liquid PEGs are

hygroscopic and the solid types absorb any moisture they are

exposed to due to their good solubility in water. Each time the

containers are opened, they should be released to make them

airtight.

Suitable materials for storage tanks include stainless steel,

pure aluminium, containers lined with rubber or polyethylene

and glass-fibre-reinforced polyester. Tank ventilation should be

realized through a silica gel drying valve. Standard steel tanks

are useful to a certain degree only, since product discolo-

rations from traces of iron may occur after longer periods of

storage.

Stainless steel or aluminium containers with an external heat-

ing coil are suitable for storage of PEG 600 to 8,000 in the mol-

ten state. The storage temperature should not exceed 90C.

Gentle circulation mixing with a circulation pump and top-filling

of the storage container with a dry stream of nitrogen are

advisable.

DSB&

K

EBR

521

5 E

09/0

2

Clariant GmbH


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