Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Peña & Bennett:
Annona
Arthropods
329
ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH
ANNONA
SPP. IN THE NEOTROPICS
J. E. P
EÑA
1
AND
F. D. B
ENNETT
2
1
University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center,18905 S.W. 280th Street,
Homestead, FL 33031
2
University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology,970 Hull Road,
Gainesville, FL 32611
A
BSTRACT
Two hundred and ninety-six species of arthropods are associated with
Annona
spp.The genus
Bephratelloides
(Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and the species
Cerconotaanonella
(Sepp) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) are the most serious pests of
Annona
spp. Host plant and distribution are given for each pest species.
Key Words:
Annona
, arthropods, Insecta.
R
ESUMEN
Doscientas noventa y seis especies de arthrópodos están asociadas con
Annona
spp. en el Neotrópico. De las especies mencionadas, el género
Bephratelloides
(Hyme-noptera: Eurytomidae) y la especie
Cerconota anonella
(Sepp) (Lepidoptera: Oecopho-ridae) sobresalen como las plagas mas importantes de
Annona
spp. Se mencionan las
plantas hospederas y la distribución de cada especie.
The genus
Annona
is confined almost entirely to tropical and subtropical Americaand the Caribbean region (Safford 1914). Edible species include
Annona muricata
L.(soursop),
A. squamosa
L. (sugar apple),
A. cherimola
Mill. (cherimoya), and
A. retic-ulata
L. (custard apple). Each geographical region has its own distinctive pest fauna,composed of indigenous and introduced species (Bennett & Alam 1985, Brathwaite etal. 1986, Brunner et al. 1975, D’Araujo et al. 1968, Medina-Gaud et al. 1989, Peña etal. 1984, Posada 1989, Venturi 1966). These reports place emphasis on the broader as-pects of pest species. Some recent regional reviews of the status of important pestsand their control have been published in Puerto Rico, U.S.A., Colombia, Venezuela,the Caribbean Region and Chile (Medina-Gaud et al. 1989, Bustillo & Peña 1992,Peña et al. 1984, Gutierrez & Trochez 1977, Venturi 1966, Anonymous 1989). Thereis no contemporary published summary of Neotropical arthropods of
Annona
spp..This list is offered as a contribution to an understanding of the arthropod fauna of
An-nona
spp. in the Neotropics.In the following checklist, distributional information is given for each arthropod.
The checklist was compiled from collections of arthropods by the authors in Colombia,Ecuador, Brazil, and Dominican Republic, by summarizing the reports from severalpublications (Venturi 1966, Gutierrez & Trochez 1977, Medina-Gaud et al. 1989,Marin 1973, D’Araujo et al. 1968, Bennett & Alam 1985, Alata 1973, Anguita 1990,
This document was created with FrameMaker 4.0.2
330
Florida Entomologist
78(2) June, 1995
Brussel & Wiedjk 1975, Deckle 1965, Fennah 1937, Grissell & Schauff 1990, Hamon& Williams 1984, Kimball 1965, Mound & Halsey 1978, Peña et al. 1984, Russell1948, Hill 1975, Ebeling 1959) and by obtaining information from the collection of ar-thropods in Florida, USA, Honduras and Mexico and collections in Ecuador and Co-lombia by the authors.
The first column of the checklist refers to the
Annona
species. Arthropod order,family, genus and species are listed and the arthropod distribution by country basedon
Annona
spp. records is given. The versions of the scientific names used in this textmay not be the same as those used in the references.
D
ISCUSSION
The arthropod families most frequently observed on
Annona
spp. were Coccidae(Homoptera), Noctuidae, Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera), Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera)and Nitidulidae (Coleoptera). The most common arthropod species in the differentneotropical countries are
Bephratelloides cubensis
,
B. pomorum
,
Cerconota anonella
,
Parasaissetia nigra
,
Saissetia coffeae
,
S. oleae
and
Cocytius antaeus
. The first threespecies are considered key pests of
Annona
spp. They are stenophagous, multivoltine
Annona
seed and fruit feeders.
Bephratelloides cubensis
has been reported from theUSA, Caribbean Region, Central America and northern South America, whereas
B.pomorum
is listed from Central and South America. Biology and habits of
Bephratel-loides
spp. have been provided by Brunner & Acuña (1967), Peña et al. (1984) andNadel & Peña (1991).
Cerconota anonella
has been reported from tropical Americaand the Caribbean Region. Information on its biology, morphology and control is pro-vided by Bustillo & Peña (1992). The last two genera are secondary pests of
Annona
spp.
Saissetia
spp. are polyphagous, leaf and branch feeders.
C. anteus
is a stenoph-agous species collected from the USA, the Caribbean and northern South America.Species of the family Nitidulidae were collected from flowers and decaying fruits. Nit-idulids are considered important pollinators of
Annona
spp. (Gazit et al. 1982, Podoleret al. 1985, Nagel et al. 1985). This preliminary list of the arthropod fauna of
Annona
in the Neotropics points out that, although the distributions and relationships of the
Annona
are still poorly known,
Annona
spp. host a complex number of speciesthroughout the Neotropical area. Since
Annona
spp. are mostly confined to the Neo-tropics, we would expect a lower number of stenophagous species in those areas where
Annona
was introduced (i.e., Asia, Australia).
A
CKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank R. Baranowski, D. Habeck and H. Frank (University of Florida, Gaines-ville), J. Heppner, M. C. Thomas, F. Mead, L. Stange and H. Denmark (Florida Dept.Agric., Gainesville) and R. Cave and L. Tejada for information on the insect collectionsof Florida, Honduras and Mexico, and M. Jordan for information of
Annona
insects inChile. We thank D. Habeck, Guy Hallman and an anonymous reviewer for criticallyreviewing this manuscript. This work was funded by C.B.A.G. grant 86/CRS/2/2845from USDA Tropical/Subtropical Agricultural Grants. Florida Agricultural Experi-mental Station Journal Series R-03643.
Peña & Bennett:
Annona
Arthropods
331
T
AB
LE
1.
L
IST
OF
AR
TH
RO
PO
D
PE
ST
S
OF
A
NN
ON
A
SP
P
.
IN
TH
E
A
ME
RIC
AS
AN
D
TH
E
C
AR
IBB
EA
N
R
EG
ION
.
An
non
a
a
Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
try
b
15Is
opte
raK
alot
erm
itid
ae
Neo
term
es
sp
89
Term
itid
ae
Nas
uti
term
es c
osta
lis
(H
olm
gren
)21
15T
hys
anop
tera
Ph
laeo
thri
pida
e
Lio
thri
ps a
non
ae
Mou
lton
1316
Th
ripi
dae
Fra
nkl
inie
lla
bisp
inos
a
(M
orga
n)
116
F. k
elli
ae
Sak
imu
ra1
1,2
Hel
ioth
rips
hae
mor
rhoi
dal
es
(B
ouch
e)13
,11
15
Sel
enot
hri
ps r
ubr
ocin
ctu
s
(G
iard
)8
2
Th
rips
tab
aci
Lin
dem
an11
1O
rth
opte
raG
ryll
idae
Oec
anth
us
niv
eus
(D
e G
eer)
29
Hem
ipte
raC
orei
dae
Lep
togl
ossu
s zo
nat
us
(D
alla
s)17
,29
L. p
hyl
lopu
s
(L
.)2
2
Mad
ura
per
fid
a
Sta
l17
9
Sph
icty
rtu
s ch
rysi
s
(L
ich
)17
9C
ydn
idae
Cyr
tom
enu
s
sp.
32
Lyg
aeid
ae
Neo
pam
era
bilo
bata
(S
ay)
179
Mir
idae
Hya
loid
es m
ani
Mal
don
ado
219
Mon
alon
ium
sp.
172
Ph
ytoc
oris
sp.
9
a
Key
to
An
non
a
spp
. 1 =
An
non
a
spp
.; 2
=
A. c
her
imol
a
Mil
l.; 3
=
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
=
A. c
rass
ifol
ia M
art.
; 5 =
A. d
iver
sifo
lia
Saf
f.; 6
= A
. gla
bra
L.;
7 =
A. m
arcg
ravi
i M
art.
; 8 =
A.
mon
tan
a M
acF.
; 9 =
A. m
uri
cata
L.;
10 =
A. p
alu
stri
s L
.; 11
= A
. pu
rpu
rea
Moc
. & S
essé
; 12
= A
. ret
icu
lata
L.;
13 =
A. s
elva
tica
Mar
t.; 1
4 =
A. s
pin
esce
ns
Mar
t.; 1
5 =
A. s
quam
osa
L.;
16 =
A. s
quam
osa
× A
. ch
erim
ola.
b Key
to
Cou
ntr
ies:
Nor
th A
mer
ica:
1 =
U.S
.A.;
2 =
Mex
ico.
Cen
tral
Am
eric
a: 3
= H
ondu
ras;
4 =
Gu
atem
ala;
5 =
Bel
ize;
6 =
Cos
ta R
ica;
7 =
Pan
ama.
Sou
th A
mer
ica:
8 =
Col
ombi
a; 9
=E
cuad
or; 1
0 =
Per
u; 1
1 =
Ch
ile;
12
= P
arag
uay
; 13
= B
razi
l; 14
= F
ren
ch G
uia
na;
15
= S
uri
nam
; 16
= G
uya
na;
17
= V
enez
uel
a. C
arib
bean
Reg
ion
: 18
= C
uba
; 19
= H
aiti
; 20
= D
omin
ican
Rep
ubl
ic; 2
1 =
Pu
erto
Ric
o; 2
2 =
Jam
aica
; 23
= Tr
inid
ad &
Tob
ago;
24
= B
arba
dos;
25
= C
ura
cao;
26
= V
irgi
n I
slan
ds; 2
7 =
St.
Kit
ts.
332 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
1,15
Pen
tato
mid
aeA
nti
teu
chu
s tr
ipte
rus
(F.)
89
Ed
essa
vin
ula
Sta
l17
9L
oxa
flav
icol
lis
Dru
ry7
15M
ecis
torh
inu
s am
plu
s (W
alke
r)13
9,11
Pyr
rhoc
orid
aeD
ysd
ercu
s fe
rnal
di B
allo
u17
2R
edu
viid
aeS
inea
cor
onat
a S
tal
171
Tin
gida
eC
oryt
hu
cha
goss
ypii
(F.
)17
,18,
219
Cor
yth
uch
a sp
.2
3Id
iost
yla
anon
ae (
Dra
ke &
Ham
blet
on)
133
Tele
onem
ia m
orio
(S
tal)
131,
2,9
Hom
opte
raA
etal
ion
idae
Aet
hal
ium
ret
icu
latu
m (
L.)
2,8,
171,
9,15
Ale
yrod
idae
Ale
uro
dic
us
coco
is (
Cu
rtis
)13
1A
. du
gesi
i C
ocke
rell
2315
A. d
ispe
rsu
s R
uss
ell
112
,15
A. n
egle
ctu
s Q
uai
nta
nce
& B
aker
6,13
,16
2,9,
12,1
5A
leu
roca
nth
us
wog
lom
i Ash
by18
,21,
222,
12A
leu
rotr
ach
elu
s tr
ach
oid
es (
Bac
k)10
,18
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 333
1A
leu
rotr
ach
elu
s sp
p.8
1,12
Ale
uro
thri
xus
floc
cosu
s (M
aske
ll)
11,1
315
Cer
aleu
rod
icu
s m
orei
rai C
osta
Lim
a13
1,2
Lec
anoi
deu
s gi
gan
teu
s (Q
uan
tan
ce &
Bak
er)
8,13
,16
15L
. mir
abil
is (
Coc
kere
ll)
8,23
13M
etal
euro
dic
us
lace
rdae
(S
ign
oret
)13
9Te
tral
euro
des
sp.
235,
15Tr
iale
uro
des
flor
iden
sis
(Qu
ain
tan
ce)
9,4
9A
phid
idae
Aph
is c
itri
cola
Van
de
Gro
ot21
1,2,
16A
. gos
sypi
i (G
love
r)1,
8,10
1,9
A. s
pira
ecol
a P
atch
17,8
1,15
Mac
rosi
phu
m e
uph
orbi
ae (
Th
omas
)8
8,9
Toxo
pter
a au
ran
tii (
Foy
er d
e F
onsc
olom
be)
13,1
7,21
1To
xopt
era
citr
icid
a (K
irka
ldy)
89
Toxo
pter
a sp
.2
1,3,
15A
ster
olen
can
idae
Ast
erol
ecan
ium
pu
stu
lan
s (C
ocke
rell
)13
,18,
219
Cer
copi
dae
Cla
stop
tera
sp.
29
Cic
adel
lida
eE
rth
rogo
nia
qu
adri
gutt
ata
(F.)
17
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
334 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
9G
raph
ocep
hal
a pr
opio
r (F
owle
r)17
9G
. spi
nos
a V
an D
uze
e17
9O
nco
met
opia
sp.
1715
Coc
cida
eC
erop
last
es a
ctin
ifor
mis
Gre
en13
15C
. cir
ripe
dif
orm
is C
omst
ock
11,
15C
. deo
dor
ensi
s H
empe
l13
8,15
C. fl
orid
ensi
s C
omst
ock
1,13
15C
erop
last
es s
p.13
8,9,
12,1
4,15
Coc
cus
lon
gulu
s (D
ougl
as)
1,8,
98,
12C
. vir
idis
(G
reen
)1
15C
. hes
peri
du
m L
.1
2,9,
12E
uca
lym
nat
us
tess
ella
tus
(Sig
nor
et)
11,
2,8,
9,11
,15
Par
asai
sset
ia n
igra
(N
ietn
er)
3,8,
13,1
7,18
,21
2P
arth
enol
ecan
ium
cor
ni (
Bou
ché)
109,
15,1
6P
hil
eph
edra
tu
berc
ulo
sa N
akah
ara
& G
ill
1,21
15P
lati
ngi
sia
noa
cki C
ocke
rell
1312
,15
Pro
topu
lvin
aria
pyr
ifor
mis
(C
ocke
rell
)1,
89
Pu
lvin
aria
psi
dii
Mas
kell
1
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 335
15P.
urb
icol
a C
ocke
rell
11,
15S
aiss
etia
an
onae
Hem
pel
131,
6,9,
11,1
2,15
S. c
offe
ae (
Wal
ker)
3,8,
13,1
7,18
,21
9S
. ole
ae (
Oli
vier
)1,
21,1
79
Vin
son
ia s
tell
ifer
a (W
estw
ood)
172
Con
chas
pidi
dae
Con
chas
pis
agre
ci C
ocke
rell
102,
5D
iasp
idid
aeA
bgra
llas
pis
cyan
oph
ylli
(S
ign
oret
)1
2A
cuta
spis
scu
tifo
rmis
(C
ocke
rell
)10
1,9
Aon
idie
lla
aura
nti
i (M
aske
ll)
13,2
19
A. c
ompe
rei
McK
enzi
e13
,21
1,5,
6,12
A. o
rien
tali
s (N
ewst
ead)
11,
2,9,
12A
spid
iotu
s d
estr
uct
or S
ign
oret
1,8,
132,
12A
. ner
ii B
ouch
é1,
1115
A. s
imil
imu
s tr
ansl
uce
ns
(Coc
kere
ll)
1315
Asp
idio
tus
sp.
131,
9C
hry
som
phal
um
aon
idu
m L
.13
,21
1,9
C. d
icty
ospe
rmi (
Mor
gan
)13
,18
1C
lava
spis
her
cule
ana
(Doa
ne
& H
adde
n)
13
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
336 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
2,9,
12H
emib
erle
sia
lata
nia
e S
ign
oret
1,10
1H
owar
dia
bic
lavi
s (C
omst
ock)
11
Isch
nas
pis
lon
giro
stri
s (S
ign
oret
)13
,82
Lep
idos
aph
es b
ecki
i (N
ewm
an)
109
Lep
idos
aph
es s
p.2
9L
ind
isga
spis
flor
idan
a F
erri
s1
1M
elan
aspi
s pa
uli
sta
(Hem
pel)
1315
M. m
imos
ae (
Com
stoc
k)1
9M
ycet
aspi
s pe
rson
ata
(Com
stoc
k)21
12P
alin
aspi
s qu
ohog
ifor
mis
(M
eril
l)1
1,15
Pin
nas
pis
aspi
dis
trae
(S
ign
oret
)8,
131,
9,15
P. s
trac
han
i (C
oole
y)1,
8,13
,21,
279
Pin
nas
pis
sp.
21
Pse
ud
alac
aspi
s ac
eph
ala
Fer
ris
81,
15P.
sor
did
a H
empe
l13
1P
seu
dad
onid
ia t
rilo
biti
form
is (
Gre
en)
8,13
8,6
Pse
ud
isch
nas
pis
bow
reyi
Coc
kere
ll1,
189
Rad
ion
aspi
s in
dic
a (M
arla
tt)
1
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 337
1,2,
9S
elen
aspi
du
s ar
ticu
latu
s (M
orga
n)
1,17
,18,
212,
9U
nas
pis
citr
i (C
omst
ock)
3,10
9F
lati
dae
Poe
kilo
pter
a sp
.2
1M
arga
rodi
dae
Cry
ptic
erya
ros
ae R
iley
& H
owar
d8
2Ic
erya
pu
rch
asi M
aske
ll10
,11
1I.
mon
tser
rate
nsi
s R
iley
& H
owar
d8
1M
embr
acid
aeA
con
oph
ora
con
colo
r W
alke
r8
9A
. pu
gion
ata
Ger
mar
131,
2,9
Aco
nop
hor
a sp
.2,
3,8,
171
Boe
thoo
s re
ticu
lata
(F.
)8
1B
olbo
nat
a in
sign
is F
owle
r8
2,9,
11C
ampy
len
chia
has
tata
Sta
l17
2C
eres
a vi
tulu
s (F
abri
ciu
s)17
2C
yph
onia
cla
vata
(F
abri
ciu
s)17
2E
nch
enop
a la
nce
olat
a (S
tol)
171
En
coph
yllu
m q
uin
quem
acu
lata
(F
airm
oire
)13
1E
rech
tia
sp.
81
Ger
rid
ius
scu
tell
atu
s F
owle
r8
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
338 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
1G
uay
aqu
ila
sp. n
ear
nor
eria
na
God
ing
81
Hol
oph
oriu
m s
p.8
1,2,
9,11
,15
Hor
iola
pic
ta (
Coc
kere
ll)
2,17
15M
embr
acis
alb
olim
bata
Fow
ler
171,
9M
. arc
uat
a D
e G
eer
139
M. f
olia
ta (
Ric
hte
r)8,
13,1
72,
9,11
M. m
exic
ana
Gu
erin
3,8
1M
etca
lfiel
la m
onog
ram
ma
Ger
mar
89
Sci
ctop
elta
acu
tula
(F
airm
ont)
171,
2,9
Trag
opa
invo
luta
(F.
)8
9Va
nd
uze
a la
eta
segm
enta
ta (
Fow
ler)
171,
9O
rth
ezii
dae
Ort
hez
ia i
nsi
gnis
Bro
wn
e2,
13,1
72
O. o
livi
cola
Bei
ngo
lea
1015
Pse
udo
cocc
idae
Dys
mic
occu
s br
evip
es (
Coc
kere
ll)
131,
15F
erri
sia
virg
ata
(Coc
kere
ll)
8,13
9,15
Nip
aeco
ccu
s n
ipae
(M
aske
ll)
13,1
8,21
1N
ipae
cocc
us
spp.
81,
9,15
,16
Pla
noc
occu
s ci
tri (
Ris
so)
1,7,
8,13
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 339
2P
seu
doc
occu
s ca
lceo
lari
a (M
aske
ll)
111,
2,9
P. l
ongi
spin
us
(Tar
gion
i)11
,13,
212
P. m
arit
imu
s (E
hrh
orn
)2,
91,
9,16
Pse
ud
ococ
cus
spp.
1,8,
12,1
31
Pse
ud
otec
toco
ccu
s an
onae
Hem
pel
132
Lep
idop
tera
Gra
cill
arii
dae
Ph
yllo
cnis
tis
sp.
8,9,
10,1
71
Hes
peri
idae
Bu
nga
loti
s fu
lviu
s (P
lotz
)13
9C
ampt
ople
ura
spp
.17
1D
isco
phel
lus
ram
usi
s (S
toll
)13
1,9
D. s
ebal
du
s (S
toll
)13
1,9
Mil
anio
n h
emes
(C
ram
er)
131
M. l
euca
spis
Mab
ille
131,
15P
aram
inu
s sc
urr
a (H
ubn
er)
131
Pyt
hon
ides
her
enn
ius
(Gey
er)
131
Th
raci
des
sci
pio
(F.)
131,
9,15
Lyc
aen
idae
Th
ecla
du
cali
s D
oubl
eday
8,13
,17
9T.
irt
ygin
us
Cra
mer
139
T. o
rtyg
un
us
Cra
mer
13
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
340 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
1,2
Th
ecla
sp.
10,1
3,18
2L
yon
etii
dae
Lyo
net
ia s
p.10
1L
euco
pter
a sp
.18
2,6,
9,15
,16
Noc
tuid
aeG
onod
onta
clo
tild
a (S
toll
)1,
17,1
86,
9,15
,16
G. n
utr
ix (
Cra
mer
)1,
18,2
415
G. p
yrgo
(C
ram
er)
131
Nym
phal
idae
Mec
han
itis
lys
imn
ia (
F.)
131,
9,12
,15,
8O
ecop
hor
idae
Cer
con
ota
anon
ella
(S
epp)
3,8,
9,13
,14,
15,1
7,23
1,15
Ste
nom
a le
uca
na
(Sep
p)8
15S
. sci
ogam
a M
eyri
ck13
2,9
Pap
ilio
nid
aeG
raph
ium
ari
arat
hes
met
agen
es (
Rot
sch
ild
& J
orda
n)
131,
15G
. har
risi
anu
s (S
wai
nso
n)
132,
6G
. lys
ith
ous
(Hu
bner
)6
1,2,
9,15
Psy
chid
aeO
eike
ticu
s ki
rbyi
(G
uil
din
g)8,
10,1
3,18
1,9
Oei
keti
cus
sp.
2,8,
1715
Pyr
alid
aeE
ctom
yelo
is d
ecol
or (
Zel
ler)
131
Sat
urn
iida
eR
hes
cyn
tis
arm
ida
(Cra
mer
)13
14D
irph
ia a
via
tria
ngu
lum
Wal
ker
13
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 341
1R
oth
sch
ild
ia a
uro
ta a
uro
ta (
Cra
mer
)13
2,11
,14
Hyl
esia
coe
x D
yar
171,
9,15
,16
Sph
ingi
dae
Coc
ytiu
s an
taeu
s (D
rury
)13
,17,
21,2
41,
15C
. an
teu
s m
edor
Sto
ll13
15C
. clu
enti
us
(Cra
mer
)13
1,15
C. d
upo
nch
el (
Poe
y)13
,18
9P
rota
mbu
lix
stri
gili
s C
lark
221
Col
eopt
era
An
obii
dae
Cat
oram
a pa
lmar
um
(G
uer
in-M
enev
ille
)8
9A
nth
ribi
dae
Ara
ecer
us
fasc
icu
latu
s D
e G
eer
81
Cer
amby
cida
eA
lph
us
can
esce
ns
(Bat
es)
1315
A. s
enil
is B
ates
131
Am
mis
cus
poly
grap
hoi
des
Wh
ite
101
An
cylo
cera
sp.
131
Ibid
ion
sp.
815
On
cid
eres
aeg
rota
Th
omso
n13
15O
. dej
ean
i T
hom
son
1315
O. s
aga
(Dal
man
)13
1Tr
ach
yder
es i
nte
rru
ptu
s D
upo
nt
8
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
342 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
9Tr
ach
ysom
us
thom
son
i Au
rivi
lliu
s17
2C
hry
som
elid
aeA
leth
axiu
s sp
.17
2C
olas
pis
leba
si L
efeb
re17
2D
iabr
otic
a ce
ntr
alis
Jac
oby
172
D. m
uta
bili
s B
aly
172
Dip
hau
laca
pan
amae
Bar
ber
171
Ju
stu
s gi
bber
Bon
dar
131
J. t
ube
rosu
s B
onda
r13
2,9
Meg
asce
lis
sp.
171
Uro
plat
a an
onic
ola
Mau
lik
136,
11C
urc
uli
onid
aeB
rach
iom
us
quad
rin
odos
us
(Boh
eman
)17
2,8
Com
psu
s si
gnat
us
Say
173
Con
otra
chel
us
anon
ae B
onda
r13
15C
. bon
dar
i M
arsh
all
133
C. m
arsh
alli
Bon
dar
131,
9,10
,15
Cra
toso
mu
s bo
mbi
na
F.8,
13,1
71,
15C
rato
som
us
sp.
131
Hei
lus
och
rife
r (B
ohem
an)
13
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 343
15H
elip
us
cata
grap
hu
s G
erm
ar13
15H
. lac
tari
us
Ger
mar
131,
15H
. vel
amen
(B
ohem
an)
131
Lyd
amis
an
gulu
s B
ohem
an13
1L
. con
fusa
Cas
ey13
1L
. mac
ula
ta C
asey
131
L. r
ufi
coll
is B
onda
r13
1L
ydam
is s
p.13
2N
aupe
ctu
s xa
nth
ogra
phu
s (G
erm
ar)
113,
10,1
5P
riom
eru
s br
evir
ostr
is H
ust
ach
e13
1,9
Pri
onu
mer
us
flav
itar
sis
Jeke
l17
1S
perm
olog
us
anon
ae (
Ara
ujo
)13
3S
. fu
ner
us
(Pas
coe)
131
Tele
mu
s ca
rin
osu
s (C
asey
)13
1,3
T. g
ibbi
coll
is (
Cas
ey)
132
Ela
teri
dae
Con
oder
us
spp.
119,
16N
itid
uli
dae
Car
poph
ilu
s fu
mat
us
(Boh
eman
)1,
1316
C. f
reem
ani
(Dob
son
)1
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
344 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
9,16
C. m
uti
latu
s (E
rich
son
)1,
8,21
9,16
C. h
um
eral
is (
F.)
1,8
9C
. su
ccis
us
(Eri
chso
n)
82
Col
opte
rus
mac
ropt
eru
s (F
.)9
16C
. pos
ticu
s (E
rich
son
)1
2C
. vu
lner
atu
s (E
rich
son
)9
9C
olop
teru
s sp
.8
16H
apto
ncu
s lu
teol
us
(Eri
chso
n)
116
Lob
iopa
sp.
16
Lan
guri
dae
Hap
alip
s pr
ob. f
usc
a R
eite
r8
15S
coly
tida
eC
occo
tryp
es p
ygm
aeu
s E
ich
hof
f13
16P
ityo
phil
us
sp.
115
,16
Xyl
ebor
us
sp.
1,13
1,15
Sca
raba
eida
eA
nci
stro
som
a kl
ugi
Cu
rtis
1015
An
tich
ira
inau
rata
Bu
rmei
ster
89
Cyc
loce
phal
a br
itto
ni E
ndr
odi
81,
15C
. ru
fico
llis
Bu
rmei
ster
815
Mac
rod
acty
lus
affi
nis
Lap
orte
3
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 345
15M
. pu
mil
io B
urm
eist
er13
15M
. su
tura
lis
Man
neh
eim
139
Sta
phyl
inid
aeC
opro
poru
s sp
.8
9D
ipte
raA
nth
omyi
idae
Ath
erig
ona
orie
nta
lis
(Sch
iner
)17
9B
ibio
nid
aeP
leci
a pl
agia
ta W
iede
man
171
Lon
chai
dae
Lon
chea
acu
leat
a B
ezzi
81
Neo
silb
a sp
.8
1S
ilba
dim
idia
ta (
Cu
rran
)8
1,9,
15S
. pen
du
la (
Bez
zi)
8,13
,17
2Te
phri
tida
eA
nas
trep
ha
bist
riga
ta B
ezzi
102
A. b
aran
dia
ran
ae K
oryt
owsk
i & O
jeda
92
A. c
hic
laya
e G
reen
e10
2A
. dis
tin
cta
Gre
ene
102
A. e
xten
sa S
ton
e10
2A
. fra
terc
ulu
s (W
iede
man
n)
9,10
,13
2A
. obl
iqu
a (M
acqu
art)
132
A. s
chol
ae C
apoo
r13
2A
. ser
pen
tin
a (W
iede
man
n)
10
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
346 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
2,9
A. s
tria
ta S
chin
er2,
10,1
72
A. s
usp
ensa
(L
oew
)10
1,2
An
astr
eph
a sp
.8,
132,
9C
erat
itis
cap
itat
a (W
iede
man
n)
2,13
2To
mop
lagi
a m
onos
tigm
a H
ende
l10
2Tr
upa
nea
fu
cata
F.
102
Xan
thac
iura
maj
or M
allo
ch1
1,2,
6,8,
9,12
,15,
16H
ymen
opte
raE
ury
tom
idae
Bep
hra
tell
oid
es c
ube
nsi
s (A
shm
ead)
2,3,
4,6,
7,8,
17,1
8,20
,21
,22,
25,2
61
B. l
imai
(B
onda
r)13
1B
. par
agu
ayen
sis
Cra
wfo
rd12
,24
1B
. pet
iola
tus
Gri
ssel
l & S
chau
ff7
1,2,
8,9,
15B
. pom
oru
m (
F.)
2,3,
5,6,
7,8,
9,10
,17,
18,
20,2
1,22
,26,
2615
For
mic
idae
Att
a se
xden
s ru
brop
ilos
a F
orel
1315
A. s
exd
ens
sexd
ens
(L.)
139
Att
a sp
.2,
1714
Cam
pon
otu
s sp
.2
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 347
14D
olic
hod
eru
s bi
spin
osu
s (O
livi
er)
131
Mon
acis
tri
nid
aden
sis
Pro
van
cher
81
Mon
omor
ium
flor
icol
a (J
erdo
n)
11
Par
atre
chin
a lo
ngi
corn
is (
Lat
reil
le)
114
Mel
ipon
idae
Trig
ona
trin
idad
ensi
s si
lves
tria
na
Vac
h.
1314
Trig
ona
sp.
2,13
14V
espi
dae
Pol
iste
s ve
rsic
olor
Oli
vier
1315
Aca
rin
aE
riop
hyi
dae
Eri
oph
yes
anon
ae K
eife
r8
2Te
nu
ipal
pida
eB
revi
palp
us
chil
ensi
s B
aker
112
B. c
alif
orn
icu
s (B
anks
)11
2Te
tran
ych
idae
Oli
gon
ych
us
yoth
ersi
(M
cGre
gor)
1114
Oli
gon
ych
us
sp.
32
Tetr
anyc
hu
s u
rtic
ae K
och
1115
Tetr
anyc
hu
s m
exic
anu
s (M
cGre
gor)
8
TA
BL
E 1
. (
CO
NT.)
LIS
T O
F A
RT
HR
OP
OD
PE
ST
S O
F A
NN
ON
A S
PP. I
N T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
S A
ND
TH
E C
AR
IBB
EA
N R
EG
ION
.
An
non
aa Spe
cies
Ord
erF
amil
yS
peci
esC
oun
tryb
a Key
to
An
non
a sp
p. 1
= A
nn
ona
spp.
; 2 =
A. c
her
imol
a M
ill.;
3 =
A. c
oria
ceae
Mar
t.; 4
= A
. cra
ssif
olia
Mar
t.; 5
= A
. div
ersi
foli
a S
aff.
; 6 =
A. g
labr
a L
.; 7
= A
. mar
cgra
vii
Mar
t.; 8
= A
.m
onta
na
Mac
F.; 9
= A
. mu
rica
ta L
.; 10
= A
. pal
ust
ris
L.;
11 =
A. p
urp
ure
a M
oc. &
Ses
sé; 1
2 =
A. r
etic
ula
ta L
.; 13
= A
. sel
vati
ca M
art.
; 14
= A
. spi
nes
cen
s M
art.
; 15
= A
. squ
amos
a L
.; 16
=A
. squ
amos
a ×
A. c
her
imol
a.b K
ey t
o C
oun
trie
s: N
orth
Am
eric
a: 1
= U
.S.A
.; 2
= M
exic
o. C
entr
al A
mer
ica:
3 =
Hon
dura
s; 4
= G
uat
emal
a; 5
= B
eliz
e; 6
= C
osta
Ric
a; 7
= P
anam
a. S
outh
Am
eric
a: 8
= C
olom
bia;
9 =
Ecu
ador
; 10
= P
eru
; 11
= C
hil
e; 1
2 =
Par
agu
ay; 1
3 =
Bra
zil;
14 =
Fre
nch
Gu
ian
a; 1
5 =
Su
rin
am; 1
6 =
Gu
yan
a; 1
7 =
Ven
ezu
ela.
Car
ibbe
an R
egio
n: 1
8 =
Cu
ba; 1
9 =
Hai
ti; 2
0 =
Dom
inic
anR
epu
blic
; 21
= P
uer
to R
ico;
22
= Ja
mai
ca; 2
3 =
Trin
idad
& T
obag
o; 2
4 =
Bar
bado
s; 2
5 =
Cu
raca
o; 2
6 =
Vir
gin
Isl
ands
; 27
= S
t. K
itts
.
348 Florida Entomologist 78(2) June, 1995
REFERENCES
ALATA, J. 1973. Lista de insectos y otros animales dañinos a la agricultura del Perú.Ministerio de Agricultura, Estación Experimental Agrícola de la Molina, Ma-nual no. 38: 47-48.
ANONYMOUS.1989. Prospeccion de insectos y acaros fitofagos asociados al chirimoyo.U. Catolica de Valparaiso, Fac. Agronomia, Chile. 107 p.
ANGUITA, A. M. 1990. Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) en chirimoyo(Annona cherimola Mill.): Estudio de su biologia, identificacion de sus enemi-gos naturales y malezas que los hospedan en el huerto. U. Catolica de Valpa-raiso, Fac. Agronomia. 48 p.
BENNETT, F. D., AND M. ALAM. 1985. An annotated check list of the insects and alliedterrestrial arthropods of Barbados. Caribbean Agric. Res. Development Insti-tute. 81 p.
BRATHWAITE, C. W., R. MARTE, AND E. PORSCHE. 1986. Pests and diseases as con-straints in the production and marketing of fruits in the Caribbean.September-October 1986. IICA. pp. 136-264.
BRUNNER, S. C., AND J. ACUÑA. 1967. Sobre la biologia de Bephrata cubensis Ashm.,el insecto perforador de las frutas annonaceas. Academia Ciencias de Cuba.Inst. Agron. Serv. Agric. 1:14.
BRUNNER, S. C., L. C. SCARAMMUZZA, AND A. R. OTERO. 1975. Catalogo de los insectosque atacan a las plantas economicas de Cuba. 2nd ed. Academia Ciencias deCuba. pp. 20-26.
BRUSSEL, E. W. VAN, AND F. WIEDJK. 1975. Propects for cultivation of sour-sop in Suri-nam with special reference to the sour-sop moth (Cerconota anonella Sepp) andthe soursop wasp (Bephrata maculicollis (Cam.) Suriname Landbow. 21: 48-61.
BUSTILLO, A. E., AND J. E. PEÑA. 1992. Biology and control of the Annona fruit borerCerconota anonella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Fruits. 47:81-84.
D’ARAUJO E SILVA, A. G., C. R. CONCALVES, D. M. GALVAO, A. J. L. GONCALVES, J. JO-NES, M. D. SILVA, AND L. DE SIMONI. 1968. Quarto catalogo dos insectos que vi-vem nas plantas do Brasil, seus parasitos e predadores, Parte II, Tomo I 622 p.;Tomo II 253 p.
DECKLE, G. W. 1965. Florida armored scale insects. Arthropods of Florida and neigh-boring land areas. Florida Dept. Agric. 3: 265.
EBELING, W. 1959. Subtropical Fruit Pests. University of California Press, p. 389.FENNAH, R. G.1937. Lepidopterous pests of soursop in Trinidad. Trop. Agric. 14:
175-178.GAZIT, S., I. GALON, AND H. PODOLER. 1982. The role of nitidulid beetles in natural
pollination of Annona spp. in Israel. J. American Soc. Hort. Sci. 107: 849-852.GRISSELL, E. E., AND M. SCHAUFF. 1990. A synopsis of the seed feeding genus Beph-
ratelloides (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington. 92:177-187.
GUTIERREZ, B. A., AND A. TROCHEZ. 1977. Estudio sobre plagas de las annonaceas enel Valle del Cauca. Rev. Colombiana. Entomol. 3:39-47.
HILL, D. S. 1975. Agricultural insect pests of the tropics and their control. CambridgeUniversity Press, New York. p. 191.
HAMON, A. B., AND M. L. WILLIAMS. 1984. The soft scale insects of Florida (Ho-moptera: Cocoidea:Coccidae). Florida Dept. Agric. & Cons. Serv. Div. Plant Ind.11: 1-94.
KIMBALL, C. P. 1965. Lepidoptera of Florida, Arthropods of Florida and neighboringland areas, vol 1. Florida Dept. Agric., Div. Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida.363 p.
MARIN, J. C. 1973. Preliminary list of pests of Annonaceae, sapodilla (Achras zapotaL.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Venezuela. Agron. Trop. 23: 205-216.
MEDINA-GAUD, S., F. BENNETT, A. E. SEGARRA, AND A. PANTOJA. 1989. Notes on insectpests of soursop (Guanabana), Annona muricata L., and their natural enemiesin Puerto Rico. J. Agric. U. of Puerto Rico. 73: 383-390.
Peña & Bennett: Annona Arthropods 349
MOUND, L. A., AND S. H. HALSEY. 1978. Whitefly of the world. BM (NH) London. 340 p.NADEL, H., AND J. E. PEÑA. 1991. Seasonal oviposition and emergence activity of Be-
phratelloides cubensis (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a pest of Annona speciesin Florida. Environ. Entomol. 20: 1053-1057.
NAGEL, J., J. E. PEÑA, AND D. HABECK. 1989. Insect pollination of atemoya in Florida.Florida Entomol. 72: 208-211.
PEÑA, J. E., H. GLENN, AND R. BARANOWSKI. 1984. Important insect pests of Annonaspp. in Florida. Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 97: 337-340.
PODOLER, H., I. GALON, AND S. GAZIT. 1985. The effect of atemoya flowers on their pol-linators: nitidulid beetles. Acta Ecologica Ecol. Applic. 6: 251-258.
POSADA, L.1989. Lista de insectos dañinos y otras plagas en Colombia. Instituto Co-lombiano Agropecuario. Boletin Tecnico 43:57-67.
RUSELL, L. M. 1948. The North American species of whiteflies of the genus Trialeu-rodes. Misc. Publ. U.S. Dept. Agric 635:1-85.
SAFFORD, W. E. 1914. Classification of the genus Annona with descriptions of new andimperfectly known species. U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution.18. 68 p.
VENTURI, F. 1966. Insetti e arachnidi delle pieante comuni del Venezuela signalati nelperiodo 1938-1963. Rela-zione e monografie agrarie subtropicali e tropicali. Fi-renze. Inst. Agron. per l’otremare. 86: 13-16.
