People and Ideas on the Move

3.2 Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism

HinduismCollection of religious beliefs that

developed over a long period of time

Founded by many people with 1000’s gods

Upanishads—sacred writingsLiberation from desire and suffering

Moksha—perfect understanding of all thingsRelease from lifeThis takes many lifetimes

Reincarnation—rebirth of the soulKarma—good and bad deed that

determine one’s standing in life

Hindu GodsPolytheistic—Believe in many

gods3 main Gods

Brahma—creatorVishnu—protectorShiva—destroyer

Off shoot of HinduismJainism—nothing in the world

should be harmed

Buddha andBuddhismFounder—Siddhartha

GautamaLeft his palace seeking

enlightenment (wisdom)4 Noble TruthsEightfold Path leads to

NirvanaRejected gods and caste

systemPopular with the lower

class and womenBuddhism spreads

through trade

Seafaring traders were able spread new ideas, culture, religion, and good over great

distances

MinoansDominated trade in eastern Med from 2000-

1400 BCEIsland of CreteExported goods and cultureKing Minos

Bull leapingPainted potteryWomen led rituals

PhoeniciansDominated

trade after the Minoans

Several of city-states throughout the Mediterranean

Excellent shipbuilders

AlphabetTrade also

stretched to the far east (India, China)

3.4 Origins of Judaism

The Hebrews, later called the Jews, would eventually settle in

Palestine

The Hebrews, later called the Jews, would eventually settle in Palestine

Search for the Promise LandCanaan—land God promised to the HebrewsTorah—Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)(Old Testament)Abraham—”father” of the Hebrews

Ur Canaan EgyptYahwehMonotheismCovenant

EgyptAt first welcomed,

but later forced into slavery

The ExodusMosesNew Covenant—10

CommandmentsReturn to Canaan

IsraelHarsh conditions, and

landscapeJudah3 Kings

Saul, David, and Solomon

JerusalemTribute paid to the AssyriansBabylonians conquered and

enslaved the JewsSet free by King Cyrus