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Perceiving While Being Perceived Patrizia Marti 蔡蔡蔡 蔡蔡蔡 99 蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡 蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡 「」 蔡蔡 (3) 蔡 蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡蔡

Perceiving While Being Perceived

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99 學年台北藝術大學 「互動藝術 基本 概論與創作」 作業 (3) :互動藝術相關文獻閱讀報告. Perceiving While Being Perceived . Patrizia Marti 蔡奇宏 朱炫同. Author. 人機互動 美學感知 Department of Communication Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Interaction Design Area - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Perceiving While Being Perceived

Perceiving While Being Perceived

Patrizia Marti

蔡奇宏朱炫同

99 學年台北藝術大學「互動藝術基本概論與創作」作業 (3) :互動藝術相關文獻閱讀報告

Page 2: Perceiving While Being Perceived

Author

• 人機互動• 美學感知

Department of Communication Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

Interaction Design Area

Website: http://www.discom.unisi.it/ida/people/patrizia-marti-researcher

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IntroductionThe Aesthetics of Interaction is an emerging field of research that tackles these topics while considering beauty of use and expressivity and meaning in interaction as paramount values for design.

美學的互動是一個新起的研究領域,最重要的設計是去同時考慮各種主題與美感的應用、表現和互動。Aesthetics is not only related to the form as perceived visually or with the functionality of the system (Fogarty, Forlizzi, & Hudson, 2001)

美學不僅是一個關係到視覺感知的功能或是形式的系統。

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Aesthetic Interaction

One view understands the notion of aesthetics as being a result of the appearance properties of form as perceived visually (Fogart et al., 2001)

一種意見認為理解作為結果的外觀屬性的表單作為視覺感知。

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Aesthetic Interaction

This paper concentrates on a different and complementary perspective of Aesthetics of Interaction. Shared perception is considered as having paramount importance for the aesthetic experience, along with other conditions which include embodiment, bodily skills, cultural context, social practices and contextual aspects.

本文著重於不同的角度來看的美學的互動。大多數的感知被認為是具有美學的體驗,包括具體化、 身體的判斷能力、 文化素養、 社交活動等方面。

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Aesthetic Interaction

互動的美學不單只是你來我往的傳統互動而是必須含帶其他的因素

好奇心、親密感、情緒、情感等,深層感知的互動。

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Examples of Shared Perception

• 自動門• 物體本質所代表的更深曾的感知與意含• 物體與生俱來散發出的感知

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Perceptual Crossing Auvray etal. 實驗兩個互相看不到對方的受測者,在一維空間中進行交流,互相以滑鼠作為接收感官,並且會接收到全有或全無 (all-or-nothing) 的觸覺。每個參與者都可能會遇到三種類型的物件:

1. The other participant’s avatar. 其他參與者的化身2. A fixed object (inanimate). 固定的物件 ( 無生命 )3. A mobile object (the “mobile lure”, 移動的物件 ( 移動誘惑 )

a shadow inanimate object similar to the avatar, with the same form and movement of the avatar).

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Perceptual Crossing

令人驚訝的是,通過非常簡單的觸覺刺激的感知,受測者就能夠從無生命的外觀與運動區分動畫物件。

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IROMEC過去幾年,人 機互動變得有趣,開始發展一系列 ”機器人伴侶” (robotic companions) 與人類有密切的關係,然而這類機器不應該只是簡單執行任務而已。

互動應該不僅是功能 ( 輸入命令讓他執行 )而是包含情緒 ( 機器人或人生氣 ) 。美學愉悅 (aesthetically pleasurable) ( 我可愛的機器人伴侶 )社交 ( 機器人調解社群交流 )有意的 (intentional) ( 機器人可以為我做什麼?我們可以一起做什麼? )

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IROMECIROMEC 是一種機器人伴侶是歐盟委員於 2006 創立的,旨在幫助精神病童能夠面對社會。www.iromec.org

Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7bjPYG0bY8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcqLEphj2k4

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IROMEC應用程式模組化,外觀也模組化的機器人。可以擺直的也可以擺橫的…

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IROMEC頭為 8吋顯示器,身體為 13吋顯示器。頭部可顯示機器人的面部表情,身體顯示機器人的行為

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IROMEC也可以加上面具,減少他外觀的表情變化。→這樣的功能可以對自閉症兒童有表情認知上的幫助

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IROMEC• 機器人可以做一系列 (number of play scenarios)( Robins, Ferrari, &

Dautenhahn, 2008),包括以轉、模仿的遊戲• 將它移開(因果遊戲)

– Make it Move (a cause and effect game)• 跟隨(協調遊戲)

– Follow-me (coordination game)• 與我共舞(仿和組成遊戲)

– Dance with Me (imitation and composition game)• 把球傳給我(原因和影響遊戲)

– Bring Me the Ball (cause and effect game)• 並取得了聯繫(感官刺激的遊戲)

– Get in Contact (Sensory stimulation game) 。• 每個方案都有編號的具體的教育和治療的目標。

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IROMEC• 比如說發癢遊戲 (/-____-\) 讓人知道這樣摸會癢…• 使用嵌入智能材料覆蓋的模組,只要孩子招一個敏感領域,機器人會發出聲音的笑聲。• 此模組有包含聲音,聲音也是會影響學習的!

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IROMEC模組化拼湊,可放直也可放橫的,用以不同情境或是不同位置去觸摸他,都會有相對反應等等…

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Implementing Perceptual Crossing: Movement and Coordination(實現跨越感性:運動和協調 )

• 開發交互影響、相互作用的實體• De Jaegher (2009)說出一個經驗• 「兩隻小羊過獨木橋的故事,誰要讓路?可能互撞也可能互讓,靠著相互的反應去判斷誰會讓路誰先過」

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Follow Me 遊戲!• 誰搭腔我就說誰!• 機器人會跟著第一位小朋友走,距離 50CM ,小朋友停機器人就停。當第二位小朋友靠近時,又會跟著第二位小朋友跑走!

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Follow Me 遊戲!針對參與實驗的 9歲小朋友,所得到的結果是︰

→小朋友發現,自己停機器人就停,自己走機器人會跟在50CM後方,小朋友看到老師,就會跟著老師走,在老師 50CM後方停住

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Implementing Perceptual Crossing through Micro Movements(透過微型運動建立「知覺隧道」 )

大人可設定機器人的反應,如「恐懼」 →孩子接近時,機器人會閃躲之類的或是靠近機器人時,臉會有笑容 →教導「親切」

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• 越作越豐富!毛皮是柔軟羊毛!• 連接處是鎳鈦合金彈簧 ( 記憶合金 ) 。

Page 23: Perceiving While Being Perceived

Hardware• 輸入 Pin腳:用以接收感測器訊號,特別是 SRF04 感測器 -遠距截取聲音變化• 輸出 Pin腳:電線插入髮絲之中,互動的毛髮由鎳鈦合金絲組成。• 使用 Arduino Mega• 使用 L298馬達• 用 5V電池供 Arduino 、 L298• 用 18V電池供毛髮電線

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Software• 使用 C/C++ 設計軟體

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• 也使用 LED ,很直接可以讓人瞭解到,他是有在作用的!

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Conclusions以 social robots 而言意向性 (intentionality ) 是一個基本原則,但設計能夠與人類互動的意向性的最低要求是什麼?這篇論文試圖回答這個問題,採取了另一種以感性過境 (perceptual crossing)的概念為觀點的啟發。根據這個觀點,一些底層的機制會承認那些固有的本質—「我們感知而他人也將感知。」這種相互依賴性是一種產品的感性過境,並且隨時變化。

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Conclusions為了使 social robots 能夠參與社群的互動,以直接的知覺感性過境(perceptual crossing) 作為原型。設計了不需要複雜的內部和演算法的表示形式。

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ConclusionsThe perception of mutual affordances shapes the interaction and is a fundamental ingredient of the aesthetic experience.

相互回饋的感知發展形成的互動交流,是美學體驗的基本要素。

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End.