period 8 1

Chenezza Graham- A+ Networking

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-Flash Memory, Thumb Drive-Flash Card, Compact Flash

-Smart Media, Secure digital-Memory Stick

-XD

-Flash Memory, Thumb Drive-Flash Card, Compact Flash

-Smart Media, Secure digital-Memory Stick

-XD

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period 8 2

Flash Memory

Invented by Dr.Fujio Masuoka, working for Toshiba in 1984

Flash memory : Does not need power to maintain the

information stored in the chip. Offers fast read and better kinetic

shock resistance than that of a hard disk.

Enormously durable, Can withstand intense pressure Can handle extreme changes in

temperature and immersion in water.

period 8 3

Flash Memory

How it works:

Flash programming occurs when electrons are placed on the floating gate. The charge is stored on the floating gate, with the oxide layer allowing the cell to be electrically erased through the source.

It is a solid state storage device, meaning that it is electronic, instead of mechanical

period 8 4

Examples of Flash Memory

Your computer's BIOS chip

Compact Flash (most often found in digital cameras)

Smart Media (most often found in digital cameras)

Memory Stick (most often found in digital cameras)

PCMCIA Type I and Type II memory cards (used as solid-state disks in laptops)

Memory cards for video game consoles

period 8 5

Thumb Drive

As known as USB drive,worked on since 1998 by IBM, it was first sold by Trek in early 2000.

IT IS: A solution for replacing the less stable

floppy disks The size of a human thumb it, is

portable memory storage. It is re-written and holds its memory without the use of a power supply , unlike RAM.

It can plug the drive into a computer and will not have to restart it .

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Thumb Drive

Problem: Security threat, as they are

easily concealed proprietary information can

be copied to them Software for hacking

information can be uploaded from them, all undetected

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Solution:

System administrators can also upload anti-virus software to an infected computer from a thumb drive

Their write speeds and read speeds only really come into play when users are running large applications from them.

Most thumb drives also have millions of re-write cycles and will store data for ten years before they need replacing

period 8 8

Flash Card First specified and produced by Scan

Disk in 1994. It is: A small module that contains flash

memory Larger than other flash formats, they

have become very popular for storage in digital cameras.

Appearing to the camera as a hard disk, Compact Flash uses the PC Card/ATA interface, but with 50 pins instead of 68

period 8 9

Compact Flash Continued Weigh a half ounce and are

the size of a matchbook. Ideal for a range of current

and next-generation, small-form factor consumer applications.

The physical format is now used for a variety of devices.

period 8 10

Capacities and compatibility As of 2007, Compact Flash cards

are generally available in capacities from about 512 MB to about 64 GB, with perhaps the most popular choices in Europe and North America being between 512 MB and 8 GB. Lower capacity cards, below 512 MB, are becoming rare in stores as higher capacity cards are readily

period 8 11

Smart Media

Launched in the summer of 1995 to compete with Mini Card, Compact Flash, and PC card formats.

Consists of a single NAND flash chip embedded in a thin plastic card (though some higher capacity cards contain multiple, linked chips).

It was one of the smallest and the thinnest (0.76 mm) of the early memory cards, and managed to maintain a favorable cost ratio as compared to the others.

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Specifications

Weight: 2 g Size: 45.0 × 37.0 × 0.76 mm Capacities: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128

MB Uses 16-M bit, 32-M bit, and 64-M

bit Toshiba TC58-compatible NAND-type flash memory chips

Flat electrode terminal with 22 pins — (32M & 64M compatible)

8-bit I?/O Interface (16-bit in some cases)

period 8 13

Continued

Data transfer rate: 2MB/s 1,000,000 read/write cycles Ten year storage time without

power Metallic write-protect sticker Compatible with PCMIA with an

adapter Compatible with Compact Flash

Type II with an adapter Compatible 3.5" Floppy drive using

Flash Path adapter

period 8 14

Secure Digital

A tiny memory card used to make storage portable among various devices

Examples: Car navigation systems Cellular phones E-Books PDAs Smart phones, digital cameras,

music players, camcorders, and personal computers

period 8 15

Secure Digital Continued It uses flash memory to provide

nonvolatile storage, which means that a power source is not required to retain stored data, as stated previously

SD cards are more rugged than traditional storage media. They have an operating shock rating of 2,000 Gs, compared to a 100-200 G rating for the mechanical drive of the typical portable computing device. SD cards use metal connector contacts, instead of the traditional pins-and-plugs, so they aren't as prone to damage during handling.

period 8 16

More SD Information Secure Digital cards are used as

storage in these devices: Digital camera for storing pictures Cell phone for storing images, sound

clips and other media files Nintendo's Wii console for storing

multimedia and game save files. Global Positioning System receivers, for

storing map and waypoint data, digital photos and audio.

PS3 for storing multimedia and game save files.

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Memory Stick

Used as storage media for a portable device, in a form that can easily be removed for access by a personal computer

With a Memory Stick-capable reader, a user can copy the pictures taken with the Sony digital camera onto the computer.

period 8 18

Memory Stick Continued Compared to other IC (integrated

circuit) media, Memory Stick digital data storage is smaller in size than compact flash and smart media.    It is highly reliable with a 10-pin connector, and an Erasure Prevention Switch that when set on "Lock" virtually eliminates the risk of accidentally erasing or recording over stored data. The Memory Stick format is designed to be expanded in the future to incorporate digital copyright protection.

period 8 19

Memory Stick Uses

Digital cameras, Digital music players, PDA’s, cellular phones, The PSP, In other devices, and the

Sony VAIO line of personal computers also include Memory Stick slots.

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XD

A type of flash memory card, used mainly in digital cards. XD originally stood for extreme Digital

The cards were developed by Olympus and Fujifilm and introduced into the market in July 2002.

period 8 21

Disadvantages

XD cards are much slower than their main competitor, Secure Digital (SD

Although XD cards are physically smaller than Secure Digital (SD) cards, they are larger than its reduced-size variants, mini SD and micro SD cards.

XD cards are generally more expensive than cards of other formats.

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Advantages

XD cards are fast in comparison with older formats such as Smart Media (SM), Multi Media Card (MMC), and Memory Stick (MS).

XD cards have a small form-factor in comparison with other formats (although both Micro SD and Memory Stick M2 are smaller).

XD cards have a low power consumption.

period 8 23

Card Reader

Used for communication with a smart card or a flash memory card

Allows to use Palm-powered handheld’s as an ordinary USB or Blue tooth card reader for quick and easy file exchange. It has the unique ability to export the card in the background mode allowing you e.g. to transfer MP3s simultaneously with web browsing.

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Card Reader

Some have a flash upgradeable firmware. The card reader supplies the integrated circuit on the smart card with electricity. Communication is done via protocols and you can read and write to a fixed address on the card.

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Card Reader Protocol T=0, Asynchronous half-duplex

byte-level transmission protocol. T=1, Asynchronous half-duplex

block-level transmission protocol. T=2, Reserved for future full-

duplex operations. T=3, Reserved for future full-

duplex operations. T=CL, APDU transmission via non

contact interface ISO14443.

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Availability

All of these items can be bought at computer appliance stores and over the internet