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A Resource Book
~ for ~
PERMACULTURE Solut ions for Sustainable Lifestyles
Created by Permatil (Permaculture Timor Lorosae)Adapted for Indonesia & published by IDEP Foundation www.idepfoundation.org
First Edition by Yayasan IDEP 2006
PO BOX 160 Ubud, 80571, Bali, Indonesia
www.idepfoundation.org
Permatil & Yayasan IDEP
ThE aIm OF ThIs BOOk Is...
To offer knowledge and practical techniques for environmental rehabilitation and sustainability, strengthening community resilience and local economies. The contents of the book are based on concepts of deep ecology, the interconnectedness of our environment and culture and the principles and ethics of sustainable community development.
Combining traditional techniques for providing natural resources, food, shelter and energy with modern sustainable practices, the techniques outlined in this book provide integrated, practical solutions for challenges being faced by community members and farmers throughout Indonesia today.
This Resource Book for Permaculture - Solutions for Sustainable Lifestyles has been developed using simple language and many detailed illustrations to insure that the information contained is accessible to all those interested.
Permatil and IDEP Foundation invite organizations or individuals wishing to reproduce this book to do so, in the interest of sharing Permaculture activities for non-commercial purposes, and without altering the contents of the book. For rights of reproduction for other purposes, please submit a written request for permission to Yayasan IDEP.
The materials contained in this book have been drawn from many different sources including Permaculture works and publications worldwide as well as practitioners in East Timor and Indonesia. If you have any input or suggestions regarding either the contents or the use of this book, please contact us at the address listed. We greatly appreciate your suggestions and input.
Disclaimer
We have tried to be as factual and accurate as possible. We hope that this book will provide many benefits for those that use it. however, any problems or faults that occur as a result of practical use of the information, are not the responsibility of Permatil, IDEP Foundation, or of the books authors, artists, contributors and / or publisher.
IsBN : 9 7 9 - 1 5 3 0 5 - 0 - 5
F i r s t E d i t i o n 2 0 0 6 I D E P F o u n d a t i o n
Supported by:
Created by Permatil (Permaculture Timor Lorosae)
A d a p t e d f o r I n d o n e s i a & P u b l i s h e d b y I D E P F o u n d a t i o n
A Resource Book
~ for ~
PERMACULTURE Solut ions for Sustainable Lifestyles
Written by
Lachlan McKenzie with Ego Lemos
Contributing Writers
Sasha Earle, Deirdre Nagle, Rob Swain, Julianne Hartmann, Steve Cran,
Robi Supriyanto
Information Contributors
Permatil, IDEP Foundation, Chris Walsh, USC East Timor, Wayne Gum, Xisto
Martins, Trish Morrow, Permatils permaculture project participants and part-
ners, Yudi Suanda, Lachlan McKenzie, Lakota Moira, Made Chakra, Dessy
Haryanti, Nita Noor, Sherry Kasman Entus, Purnawan Budisetia, Misbahhu-
din, Gede Sugiarta, Made Suyasa, I Gusti Raka Panji Tisna, Roberto Huta-
barat, Petra Schneider, Courtney Stephen, Kadek Lisa, Dewi Surtikanti
Illustrators
Arte Moris Art School, Simao Mong Cardosso Periera, Gibrael Aziby
Dias Soares Carocho, Edson Arintes Da Costa Carminha, Grinaldo Gilma-
rodep Fernandes, Jose Osme Fortunato Gonzalves, Jose Tony de Jesus
Amaral, Leo Marcal, Ozorio Azo Jeronimo, Kathryn Cipi Morgan, Lach-
lan McKenzie, Robi Supriyanto & the Spiritual Junkies
Editors and Translators
Lachlan McKenzie, Ego Lemos, Anastasia Guise, Sasha Earle, Julianne Hart-
mann, Rob Swain, Robi Supriyanto, Lakota Moira, Putu Widyastuti Rudolf
Desktop Publishing and Graphic Design
Petra Schneider, Lachlan McKenzie, Lakota Moira, Courtney Stephen,
Dewi Surtikanti, Saturnino de Maia, Asatu
Publisher
IDEP Foundation - w w w . i d e p f o u n d a t i o n . o r g
Permaculture can be seen
as a sustainable philosophy
and lifestyle which integrates
different components, like ecological knowledge
(interconnected natural processes which happen
in nature); peoples ability to design production
systems like agriculture and animal husbandry;
using appropriate and environment friendly
technology; and awareness to work together
with the local culture and environment.
In general Permaculture can be
defined as permanent-
agriculture, which means
achieving sustainable
agriculture and
animal husbandry
through protecting
or improving the
natural environment,
and permanent-culture,
which means preserving,
supporting and working with
the local culture and environment.
Permaculture, which is based on the ethics
of caring for the land, the people and the future,
is very beneficial in helping us to understand
and create an integration of harmony between
people and nature.
However, the reality is that through fulfilling our
needs and wants, we have already caused great
damage to the environment, including creating
conditions which are threatening even to
ourselves. For example pollution and damaged
habitats, which has in part been caused by
monoculture farming and animal husbandry
systems which use dangerous chemicals during
production. There is also genetic engineering
experiments which have many risks and
challenge the laws of nature.
IDEP (Indonesian Development of Education and
Permaculture) as a foundation working towards
education and Permaculture development in
Indonesia also feels responsible for all of these
problems and feels obligated to improve these
conditions, and little by little to reverse this
confused paradigm of building concepts and
production systems which are exploitative and
oriented for only short term benefits.
As a manifestation of this feeling of responsibility,
we are grateful that IDEP has
succeeded in publishing this
Permaculture Resource
Book which has been
adapted from Permatil
( P e r m a c u l t u r e
Timor Lorosae)
for Indonesia. We
hope this book will
be beneficial, and
will inspire, interest and
initiate action through all
layers of Indonesian communities,
both for people living in villages and in
urban cities, to adopt and adapt Permaculture
principles and practices which are outlined in
this resource book.
Our wellbeing and the wellbeing of future
generations are dependent on our ability to make
conscious choices and actions for improving the
environmental and social problems which we
have created.
Board of Govenors
IDEP Foundation
Fo r w a r d
vi Pe r m a c u l t u r e , S o l u t i o n s f o r S u s t a i n a b l e L i f e s t y l e s
N o t e s . . .
Pe
rma
cu
ltu
re R
eso
urc
e B
oo
k -
TA
BL
E O
F C
ON
TE
NT
S
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
i i Pe r m a c u l t u r e , S o l u t i o n s f o r S u s t a i n a b l e L i f e s t y l e s
N o t e s . . .
Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s i i i
Module 1. What is Permaculture? 1
Permaculture can be defined as: 3
Ethics of Permaculture 4
Principles of Permaculture 6
Beauty 8
Module 2. Natural Patterns & Permaculture Design 11
Patterns 13Increasing Productivity 15
Methods of Design 17
Approaches to Design 181. Maps 18
2. Element Analysis 21
3. Zones 23
4. Sectors 30
5. Observation and Data Collection 33
Module 3. Houses, Water & Waste Management 37
How to Create a Healthy House 401. House Location 40
2. Ways to Reduce Risks 41
3. Compatibility with Climate 41
4. Good Health and Disease Prevention 42
5. A House That is Easy to Clean 42
7. Reducing Water and Energy Use 45
8. A Long Lasting House 45
Building a House 46Start with a Plan 46
Building Materials 47
Ideas for House Improvement 49Ventilation 49
Insulation 49
Natural Lighting 50
Making a House Last Longer 51
Bamboo (For more information on how to choose, cure and store bamboo, see the section Bamboo in
Module 8 - Forests, Tree Crops & Bamboo). 51
Insect Screens 52
Outside Improvements 52Pergola / Shade Structure 52
Trees and Windbreaks 52
Gardens 52
Ponds 53
Kitchens 53
Washing Area 56
Washrooms 57
Compost Toilet Systems 60
Table of Contents
iv Pe r m a c u l t u r e , S o l u t i o n s f o r S u s t a i n a b l e L i f e s t y l e s
Water Supply and Storage 62Collecting Water 62
Water Storage 63
Keeping Water Clean 64Cleaning Drinking Water 64
Reducing Mosquito Problems 66
Community Buildings and Land 67National Plans 67
Module 4. Healthy Soil 69
About Soil 71
What is Healthy Living Soil? 72The Importance of Worms in the Soil 72
Benefits of Healthy Living Soil 73
Different Types of Soil 75Improving Soil Quality 75
Soil pH 77pH Chart 77