Pharmaceutics (I)

Prelab III

Presented byAbdurrahman Fahmy

Cough syrupRxCodeine phosphate 0.3 gCpd Tartarazine solution 1 mlBenzoic acid solution 2 mlWater 2 mlLemon syrup 20 mlSyrup to 100 mlSend 50 mlFiat: Cough SyrupSig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.

Calculation:

Vehicle = 50 – (10+1+1+0.5) =37.5 ml

¾ vehicle = ¾ X 37.5 = 28.125 ml = 28 mlFactor = 50/100 = 0.5

X 0.50.15 g

1 ml1 ml10 ml50ml

0.5 mlCough SuppressantColoring agentPreservative

Solvent for drug

Vehicle Sweetening and flavoring agent

Use: Cough Syrup for treatment of dry cough

Cu

p m

easu

re

Glass-rod

0.000 g

0.15 g codeine

phosphate

1 ml water

Cu

p m

easu

re

1 ml benzoic acid solution

0.5 ml Compound tartarazine solution

Cu

p m

easu

re

10 ml lemon syrup

Cu

p m

easu

re

Adjust volume to

50 ml with syrup

Label

The Cough Syrup One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily after meals.

Fiat: Cough SyrupSig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.

Aspirin solution for pediatricsCan not swallow

tabletsNeed small doses

UnstableExpires within days

(ester hydrolysis).

Aspirin

℞ Acetyl salicylic a gr.x Potassium citrate gr. xxx water a d j ℥Fiat : Mist Mitte : iij ℥Sig. : ʒi Ter in die sumenda.

Uses: analgesic, antirheumatic and antipyretic

Factor = 90 / 30 = 3

X 3

10x0.065 = 0.65 g

30x0.065 = 1.95 g

30ml

1.95 g

5.85 g

90 ml

Role of Potassium Citrate:

• Acetyl Salicylic acid is sparingly soluble in water, its solubility will increase in solutions of acetate or citrate of sodium or potassium. ( Salting In through buffer action ) • Potassium citrate is strongly ionized & citrate ions yielded combine with hydrogen ions of the acid forming citric acid

Procedure:

Add aspirin & finely powder with pestle

Add 30 ml water & triturate till saturation (5mins)

Add potassium citrate and stir with pestle until complete solution of acetyl salicylic acid (5mins)

Transfer to cup measure & adjust to final volume with water. (Hazy solution)

Label:

The Mixture

One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily.

Camphor Water

℞

Camphor 0.1 gmAlcohol 1.5 mlPurified water to 100 ml

Uses: carminative internally & antiseptic & anaesthetic in eye lotion Also it is usually used as a Medicated vehicle

Caution !

N.B.

• Camphor is soluble only 1 in 700 of water, Camphor is very soluble in alcohol.

• The addition of the alcoholic solution to water yield a finely-divided precipitate of camphor, which in this condition, passes into solution more quickly then camphor simply powdered.

Procedure:

Dissolve the camphor in alcohol (1.5 ml)

Water (98.5 ml)

Add alcoholic solution of camphor in small portions to water each addition followed by vigrous shaking

Label:

The Camphor Water[ E.P.]

Common System

Avoir du pois

“measure of weight*”

Pound “Ib.”

Ounce “oz.”

Grain “gr.”

1 16 70001 437.5

“commercial uses”

Gallon“gal.”

Quart “qt.”

Pint “pt.”

Fluidounce“f ” ℥

Fluidrachm“f ʒ”

Minim“m.”

1 4 8 128 1024 61440

1 2 32 256 15360

1 16 128 7680

1 8 480

1 60

Apothecaries

“Fluid measure”

“ compounding prescriptions”

Apothecaries“measure of weight.”

Pound “Ib.” Ounce “ ”℥ Drachm “ʒ” Scruple “э” Grain “gr.”

1 12 96 288 5760

1 8 24 480

1 3 60

1 20

Set of Apothecaries weight:

℥ ii ℥ i ℥ ss ʒ ii

ʒ i ʒ ss

℈ ii ℈ i

℈ ss

5 gr. 4 gr. 3 gr. 2 gr. 1 gr. 1/2 gr.

960

480

240

120

60 30 40 20

10

Simple quantity:181 cm

Compound quantity:1 m,81 cm

Before a compound quantity can be used in a calculation, it must be simplified to be expressed in terms of a single denomination.

Q. Reduce ss ℥ ʒii i to grains℈ .

℥ss = 1/2 x 480 gr. = 240 gr. ℨii = 2 x 60 gr. = 120 gr. ℈i = 1 x 20 gr. = 20 gr.

380 gr.,

Q. Change 165 grains to weighable Apothecaries unit.

ʒii, ʒss, эss, 5 gr.120

30 10 5

N.B. “The only common denomination Between both systems is the Grain , the others, even if have the same name but have quite different values.

Therefore, To convert between the 2 systems, we’ve to convert it first to the grain, & then back to the other system .

Convert ℥ ii, ʒii into avoir du pois denomination:

℥ ii = 2*480=960 gr. ʒii = 2*60=120 gr.Total= 960+120=1080gr.

1 oz.= 437.5 gr 1080/437.5= 2.4685 oz

(2*437.5 = 875)1080-875 = 205 gr.

Therefore, 2 oz.,205 gr.

THANK YOU