Phosphoric Acid Wet Process

7/24/2019 Phosphoric Acid Wet Process

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WET PROCESS PHOSPHORIC ACID

The main reaction in the wet process phosphoric acid may be represented

by the following equation:

Cal0F2

(PO

4 ). + 101y

-7

4

+10nH

2

0 4.10

CaSO 4

n H

2

O + 6 H

3

PO4 + 2 HF

where N= 0, 1/2 or 2 depending on the hydrate form in which the calcium

sulfate crystallizes.

The reaction is the net result of two reactions take place simultaneously.

12 H

3

PO

4+ Cn

10

F

2

(p04

Ca (H2PO4 )2 + CaF2

CaF

2

+9 Ca (H

2

PO4 + 10 H2

SO

4

+ 10 H

2

O

aSO4 n H

2

O + 6 H

3

PO

4

+ 2 HF

Phosphate rock contains many impurities.

hese impurities participate in

numerous side reactions. The HF formed by the reaction reacts with silica

and other impurities (Na, K, Mg, and Al) to form

fluosilicates

and other

more complex compounds. A variable amount of the fluorine

is volatilized

as SiF

4

, HF, or both.

The heat of reaction calculated from heat of formation is 230 KCal/g-mole

of apatite which is equivalent to 228 KCa1/Kgm of apatite or about

505 KCa1/Kgm of

p205.

The heat required to raise the temperature of gypsum (C

p

= 0.265

Cal/gm C) and phosphoric acid (3 0 P

2 0

5

; C, = 0.703 Cal/gm C) from 25C

to 3 8C and 71C iespectively is calculated to be 122 KCal/Kgm of P

205fed.,

Thus, about 383 KCal/Kgm of P

2

0

5

remains to be dissipated. In practice, some

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of the heat is lost by convection and conduction. On the other hand,

some heat may be brought in by u se of heated wash water or, if the wash

water is not heated, some of the heat in the gypsum is transferred to

the recycled weak acid and thus returned to the reaction. Additional

heat will be generated by reaction of additional sulf uric acid with

impurities in the rock. Most phosphate rock contains 10 -20 more calcium

than that required to form pure fluorapatite with the phosphorus in the

rock, which may result from substitution of carbonate for phosphate in the

apatite or presence of calcite or both. Reaction of this amount of

calcium with sulfuric acid to form gypsum would increase the net heat of

reaction per kilogram of P

2

0

5

by about 11 -16 .

Hydrogen fluoride is shown as a product of reaction in the first

equation. It reacts with the silica present as an impurity in phosphate

rock

to form fluosilicic acid which, in turn, forms fluosilicates and other

compounds with impurities in the rock. The thermal effect of these reactions

is negligible.

The net heat of reaction is influenced to some extent by the con-

centration of the sulfuric acid used, as shown below:

Sulfuric Acid

Conc. % H SO

2 4

94.55

98

95.73

93

98.03

90

99.22

85

01.03

80

02.65

75

04.00

If the conditions are such that the calcium sulfate crystallizes in

the form of anhydrite or hemihydrate

rather

than gypsum, the excess heat to

Heat of formation of H2SO4

KCal/gm mole

1

0


3/40

be dissipated is about 100 kcal/kg of P

2

0

5

less than the value given

above.

Commercial wet processes may be classified according to the hydrate

form in which the calcium sulf ate crystallizes:

Anhydrite

Hemihydrate

Dihydrate

CaSO4

CaSO 4

. 1/2H20

CaSO

4

2H20

The hydrate form is controlled mainly by temperature and concentration

of H

3

PO

4

and H

2

SO 4

in the liquid phase (diagram

page

38 ). At present

there is no commercial use of the anhydrite process, mainly because the re-

quired reaction temperature is high enough to cause severe corrosion difficulties.

Processes in commercial use follow:

Crystal Form (s)

Number of

Separation

Steps

Usual Conc.

of Product

Acid, P205

Usual Temp.,C

Reactor

Recrystallizer

Dihydrate

1

26-32

70-85

Hemihydrate

Hemihydrate-dihydrate

Hemihydrate-dihydrate

1

1

2

40-50

26-30

40-50

85-100

90-100

90-100

50-60

50-65

Dihydrate-hemihydrate

2

35-38

65-70

90-100

a. Filtration or centrifuging steps

At present, dihydrate processes are by far the most popular and, hence,

data pertaining to dihydrate plants are given below:

Plant P arameters based on

p

2

0

5

per day

ton of

Range

Avg.

Reactor Volume, gals.

270-625

4 10

Agitator HP

0.77-2.40 1.50

Recycle, GPM

3.7-17.1

11.1

Filter area, Sq.

t.

1.01-2.02

1.37

11


4/40

Phosphate rock is a very complex raw material which effects the

phosphoric acid plant operation in many ways. The more common quality

factors

for wet-process phosphoric acid production and their eff ect

are:

Lower grade ( P

2

0

5

) means that more tonnage must be

brought, transported, handled and (usually) ground;

An increase in the Ca0 : P

2 0

weight ratio increases

the sulfuric acid

requiremen

t

(Any Ca0 present

as CaSO4 should be excluded in calculating this

ratio);

3.

agnesium oxide may form precipitates with fluorine

in the reactor which may blind the filter cloth; therefore,

high Mg0 content can be a problem. When phosphoric

acid is used to produce ammonium phosphates or poly-

phosphates, water-insoluble (but citrate-soluble) magnesium

ammonium phosphate compounds may be formed. These compounds

from troublesome impurities in liquid fertilizers;

Increases of the Fe 2 0 3+ Al

2

0 3

content

above 2 -3 decrease

the plant capacity, often decrease

the

P

2

0

5

recovery,

and cause post-precipitation problems (sludge). 'However,

up to about 5 may be tolerable in some cases;

It

is desirable to have enough reactive silica (802) to

form SiF

4

and/or fluosilicates so as to avoid formation of

free HF, which is corrosive. Excessive silica or other

acid-insoluble impurities may cause erosion of equipment and

possible accumulations in digestion vessels depending on

particle size, character, and plant design. Also, a high

percentage of silica in the rock would increase the required

filter area;

Chlorine contents above about 0.01 cause increased corrosion

of stainless steel. More expensive alloys may tolerate

a Cl content of 0.10 or perhaps higher;

High organic matter may increase foaming problems (by

stabilizing the foam), increase viscosity, and hinder

filtration. The effect depends on both the character

and quantity of organic matter. Some rocks must be calcined

12


5/40

to remove organic matter to make them usable;

Carbon dioxide (CO

2

) contributes to foaming and

increases consumption of antifoam reagents;

All commercial phosphate rocks contain fluorine (F );

no special effect has been noted due to variations

in fluorine content within the range of experience.

Effects of fluorine on scaling, corrosion, and post-precipitation

are related to other elements that combine with fluorine, in-

cluding Na, K, Al, Mg, and Si;

Some rocks which contain sulfides release hydrogen sulfide

( H

2

S) upon acidulation. This gas is toxic. Also sulfides

tend to increase corrosion;

Many other less common impurities may be present in sufficient

quantity to require consideration (Ti0

2

, SrO, Ba0, Cd, etc.);

Hardness is a factor in that harder rocks require more

grinding capacity;

The particle size of the rock as received effects the amount

of crushing and grinding required. Very fine particle size

may lead to dust losses in handling;

Low reactivity of the rock may require finer grinding;

Filterability of the rock-acid slurry is one of the most

important characteristics of a phosphate rock for use in

phosphoric acid production. Factors influencing filterability

are complex and not completely understood. However, if

a plant

is to be designed to use a specific rock, an acceptable

filtration rate can usually be attained through experimental

and by adjusting operating conditions, addition of crystal

modifiers, or pretreatment of the rock.

P 2

0

5

losses in phosphoric acid plant. There are four types of

p

2

0

5

losses;

Citrate insoluble (C. I.) loss; due to unreacted phosphate

rock, about 1 of input P205.

Citrate soluble (C.S .) loss,

of

1 3

2

0

5

with gypsum through i

HPO4

or SO4' about 2 - 4

due to co-crystallization

somorphic substitution of

.5 of input p205.

13


6/40

Water soluble (W.S. ) loss, due to incomplete washing of

gypsum cake, about 0.5 - 1 of input P205.

Mechanical losses due to spillage, leakage, f ilter and

pipe washing, evaporator carry-over and losses as sludge.

This loss could be up to 4 .5 - 5 P

2 0 5 input.

The aim of designers and operators of reaction systems is to minimize

above losses. A high concentration of free sulfuric acid, in phosphoric

acid plant reactor slurry, will result in coating the phosphate rock with

calcium sulfate, thus blocking further reaction. O n the other hand, a low

concentration of free sulfuric acid will increase the amount of phosphate

co-crystallize with the gypsum. The optimum concentration of free sulfuric

acid varies with rock composition. The liquid phase of the reactor slurry

consists of phosphoric acid (3 0 P

2 0

5

) with about 1.5 - 2.5 free sulfuric

acid. The solid phase is mainly gypsum which is about 35-4 5 .

Calculation of sulfuric acid required per ton P

2 0 5

recovered

Assuming 94 overall P

2 0 5

recovery, P

2

0

5

fed,

2000

= 2127.6 lbs

0.94

If rock contains 3 3 P 2

05,

rock required,

2127.6

= 6447.3 lbs

. 3 3

Ca0 in the rock at 51 ,

644 7.3 x 0.51

3288.1 lbs

Ca0 equivalent to SO

3

(assuming 1 SO

3

in the rock)

6447.3 x 0.01 x 56

45.1

bs

80

Ca0 combined with

P

2

0

5

in filter cake (this P

2 0

5

is about

3.3 of input P 2 0

5

and assuming CaO/P2

0 5o

f 1)

14


7/40

2127.6 x 0.03 3

70.2 lbs.

Ca0 combined with fluorine (assuming 15 of the fluorine combines

with Ca0 to form CaF

2

6447.3 x 0.15 x 0.037

6

52.7

2 x 19

Total Ca0 unreactive with sulfuric acid

45.1 + 70.2 + 52.7

168.0 lbs.

Net Ca0 for reaction with H

2

SO

4

3 288.1 - 168.0

3120.1 lbs

H 2

SO

4

required to form Ca SO4

3120.1

8

=5460.2 lbs

56

Excess H

2

SO

4

(assume 2 in reactor slurry, containing 30

P20

- 5

acid)

2

2000

30

= 133.3 lbs

Total H

2

SO

4

required

5593.5 lbs

H

2

SO

4

/P

2

0

5

2.8

In the following tabulation the sulf uric acid requirement for median-

grade rock is based on rock of typical impurity content and typical

operating conditions, and requirements for rocks of other Ca : P

2

0

5ratios

re estimated in proportion to that ratio.

High

Median

1.50

2.78

Low

Ca0 : P

2

0

5

ratio in rock

H

2

SO

4

requirement, tons/ton of P205

1.70

3.15

1.35

2.50

Normally, 4.9-5.3 ton

produced.

gypsum

is produced per ton P

2

0

5

15


8/40

In

Out

Prod+ tct acid

ypsum

e/o

b.

0

b.

Phosphate

rock

lb.

Sulfuric acid

lb.

Water,

otal,

lb.

b.

Vapor,

otal,

lb.

b.

Loss

or

error,

lb.

Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid Over-All Chemical .11t,terinl Balance'

P 2

0,

34.42

106.64

106.64

31.80

100.00

1.09

0.59

106.59

0.05

Si%

5.08

15.74 15.74

0.16 0.50 2.26

13.67 1.57e

15.74

CaO

49.44

153.18

153.18

0.98 3.08

24.64

149.08 152.16 1.02

Fe20,

0.76

2.35

0.14 0.39

2.74

0.81

2.55

0.17 1.03

3.58

-.84

A1103

0.74

2.29

0.04

0.11

2.40

0.07

0.22

0.39 2.35

2.57

-- .17

Na2O

0.35

1.08

1.08

0.27

0.84

0.11

0.67 1.51

-.43

SO 2

0.76

2.35

72.70

204.29

200.64

0.98 3.08

33.33

201.60

204.74

1.90

F

3.52

10.90

10.90

0.96

3.02

0.79 4.77

3.11` 10.90

CO :

3.41

10.56

10.56

10.56'

10.56

Other'

0.84

2.60

2.60

0.53 1.67

0.25

1.51

3.18

- .58

A nhy.

t o t a l

99.32

307,69 72.88

204.79

512.48

36.56

114.96

03.03

381.33

15.24 511.53

0.95

-1.48

-4.59

-4.59

-0.40

-1.26

-0.33

-2.00

--1.29 -4.55

Corr.

total

97.84

303.10

72.88

204,79

507.89

36.16

113.70 62,70 379.33 13.95

506.98

Comb.

ITO

1.29

3.99 16.37

46.00

49.91)

11.15

35.06

15.81

95.83

130.89

Dry

total 99.13

307.09 89.25 250.79

557.88 47.31

148.76

78.54 475.10

13.05

637.87

Free

1120

0.87

2.70 10.75

:30.21

441.08

474.59

52.69 165.67 21.46

129.84

99.09 4 394.60

Total 100.00

309.79 100.00 281.00

441,68

1032.47

100.00

314.43

100.00

605.00

113.04 1032.47

Basis: 100.0 lb. P

2 0

6

produced.

6

By difference

in column.

C

13y difference in

line. d

Maximum calculated for evaporative

cooling. ' "Other" includes Mg() and K

2

0 plus difference for 100% corrected anhydrous total.

is the oxygen equiv-

alent of fluoride subtracted to correct for use of analyses given as oxides.


9/40

TYPICAL ANALYSES OF DI-HYDRATE PROCESS ACIDS

FLORIDA ROCK, WT.

NOMINAL P

2

0

5

3 0

45 5 4

P

2

0

5

28.85

45.12

54.16

Mg0

0.43

0.71

0.76

1.17

1.83

M.2 0

3

0.80

1.02

1.18

H

2

SO 4

(total)

1.85

3.23

2.92

Solids

0.25

2.31

2.34

F

2.18

1.38

1.18

Ca0

0.35

0.39

0.26

H

2

O

53.39

29.53 20.20

Sp. Gr.

at 25C)

1.340

1.565

1.740


10/40

7

0

70

0

lD

60

50

40

30

2

10

0

2

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M M E M M O IM I O M M E M W I T L I M U M E M E M O I R M E M M I N I M M E M M E M O M M O M M I N IM M O M M E M M E R O M M W O M M

I N I M I N O M M E M E S I O N N I M M I M M E M O V I O N M E W A M M E M M U M M I U M M E M E M O U N I M M O M M E M E M M E M E M

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M M E M E M M E M I R M E M E M M O M E M M I N I M M E M E M E M O V I E = P M

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M M M E M M I N I M M E M M O M M E M E M E M O O M M E R N M I N I M M U M M O O M M U M M . . . . .

M U U M M E M E M E M M E M M E M M O M M E M E M M E M E M IM M E M M E M E R M IM M E M O M M E M O M M E M E M M E M E M M I U M M O

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M E M E M M O M O M O M M E M E M M E M O M M I N I M M E M M E M M E M O M M E M E M M O M M O M O R M I U M M E M M E M M E M O M M E M M

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DENSITY OF PURE PHOSPHORIC ACID

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5.99

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0.70

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4.36

6.16

7.94

0.88

2.72

4.44

6.31

8.12

1.06

2.90

4.72

6.52

8.30

1.24

3.09

4.90

6.70

8.47

1.42

3.27

5.08

0.88

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1.61

3.45

5.27

7.06

8.82

1.80

3.64

5.45

7.24

9.00

1.98

3.82

5.63

7.41

9.17

2.17

4.00

5_81

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0.35

0.184

0.183

0.181

0.178

0.176

1.05

1.06

1.07

1.08

1.09

9.52

11.25

12.95

14.62

16.27

9.70

11.42

13.12

14.70

16.14

0.87

11.59

13.20

14.96

m.no

10.04

11.76

13.45

15.12

/6,76

/0.22

11.93

13.62

15.28

16.92

10.30

A2.10

13.79

15.45

17.09

10.56

12.27

13.90

15.62

17.25

10.74

12.44

14.12

1.5.78

17.41

10.91

12.61

14.29

15.94

17.57

11.08

12.78

14.46

16.11

17.73

0.179

0.170

0.167

0.165

0.102

1.10

1.11

1.12

1.13

1.14

17.90

19.50

21.07

22.62

24.15

/8.00

19.65

21.22

22.78

24.30

18.22

19.81

21.38

22.93

24.45

18.38

19.97

21.54

23.08

24.61

18.54

20.13

21.69

23.24

24.74

18.70

20.28

21.85

23.39

24.91

18.86

20.44

22.00

23.54

25.06

19.02

20.60

22.16

23.69

25.21

19.18

20.76

22.31

23.85

25.34

19.34

20.91

22.47

24.00

25.51

0.100

0.158

0.155

0.153

0.151

1.15

1.16

1.17

1.18

1.19

25.66

27.14

28.6/

30.06

31.48

25.81

27.29

28.76

30.20

31.02

25.90

27.44

28.90

30.34

31.70

26.11

27.59

20.04

30.48

31.00

26.24

27.73

29.10

30.43

32.05

26.40

27.88

29.33

30.77

32.19

26.55

28.03

29.48

30.91

32.33

20.70

28.17

29.62

31.06

32.47

26.8.5

28.32

29.77

31.20

32.61

27.00

28.46

29.91

31.34

:12.75

0.149

0.147

9.145

0.143

0.141

1.20

1.21

1.22

1.23

1.24

32.89

34.28

35.65

37.00

38.34

33.03

34.42

35.78

37.14

38.47

33.17

34.55

35.02

37.27

38.60

33.31

34.69

30.06

37.40

38.73

33.45

34.83

36./9

37.54

38.86

33.58

34.96

3)1.33

37.67

39.00

33.72

35.10

34.46

37.80

30.13

33.86

35.24

36.60

37.94

39.26

34.00

35.38

36.73

38.07

39.39

34.14

35.51

36.87

38.20

39.52

0.139

0.137

0.135

0.133

0.132

1.25

1.26

1.27

1.28

1.29

39.65

40.05

42.23

43.50

44.74

39.78

41.08

42.30

43.62

44.87

39.91

41.21

42.49

43.75

44.99

40.04

41.34

42.01

43.87

45.12

40.17

41.46

42.74

44.00

45.24

40.30

41.59

42.87

44.12

45.36

40.43

41.72

42.09

44.25

45.49

40.56

41.85

43.12

44.37

45.61

40.69

41.98

43.24

44.50

45.73

40.82

42.10

43.37

44.62

45.86

0.130

0.128

0.127

0.125

0.124

1.30

1.31

1.32

1.33

1.34

45.98

47.20

48.40

49.60

50.78

46.10

47.32

48.52

40.71

50.89

40.22

47.44

48.64

49.83

51.01

46.35

47.56

48.76

49.95

51.13

46.47

47.68

48.88

50.07

51.24

40.50

47.80

49.00

50.19

51.30

46.71

47.02

49.12

50.30

51.48

46,84

4804

49.24

50.42

51.59

40.90

48.17

49.36

50.54

51.71

47.08

48.29

49.48

50.66

51.83

0.122

0.120

0.119

0.118

0.117

1.35

1.36

1.37

1.38

1.39

51.94

53.10

54.24

55.3G

56.48

52.00

53,21

54.35

55,48

56.59

52.17

53.32

54.46

55.59

56.70

52.29

53.44

54.58

55.70

56.81

52_40

53.55

54.69

55.81

56.92

52.52

53.67

54.80

55.02

57.03

52.44

53.78

54.02

54.04

57.11

52.75

53.90

55.03

50.15

57.26

52.87

54.01

.5.514

54.26

57.36

52.98

54.12

55.25

54.37

57.47

0.115

0.114

0.113

0.112

0.110

1.40

1.41

1.42

1.43

1.44

57.58

58.08

59.76

60.83

61.88

57,69

58.79

59.84

00.93

61.99

57.80

58.89

59.97

61.04

62.10

57.91

50.00

60.08

61.15

62.20

58.02

59.11

60.19

61.25

62.30

58.13

59.22

60.29

61.36

62.41

58.24

59.33

60.40

61.40

62.51

58.35

59.43

60.51

61.57

62.62

58.46

59.54

60.61

61.07

62.72

58.57

59.65

60.72

61.78

62.83

0.100

0.108

0.107

0.106

0.105

1.45

1.40

1.47

1.48

1.49

62.93

63.97

05.00

60.01

47.02

03.04

04.07

45.10

60.11

07.12

63.14

04.18

65.20

66.21

67.22

63.24

64.28

65.30

64.31

67.32

63.35

64.38

65.40

60.41

07.42

63.45

64.48

05.50

611.52

67.52

63.56

64.59

65.61

66.02

67.62

63.00

64.69

115.71

60.72

67.72

63.76

64.79

65.81

66.82

67.82

63.86

64.89

65.91

66.92

67.92

0.104

0.103

0.102

0.101

0.100

1.50

1.51

1.52

1.53

1.54

68.01

69.00

69.98

70.95

71.91

68.11

69.10

70.08

71.05

72.01

68,21

69.20

70.18

71.14

72_10

68,31

60.30

70.27

71.24

72.20

68.41

69.30

70.37

71.34

72.30

68.51

69.49

70.47

71.43

72.39

68.61

69.59

70.56

71.53

72.49

68.71

69.69

70.66

71.62

72.58

08.80

69.78

70.76

71.72

72.68

68.90

60.88

70.85

71.82

72.77

0.090

0.098

0.097

0.096

0.095

1.55

1.56

1.57

1.58

1.59

72.87

73.81

74.75

75.68

76.61

72.96

73.01

74.84

75.78

70.70

73.06

74.00

74.94

75.87

76.79

73.15

74.10

75.03

75.96

76.88

73.25

74.19

75.12

76.05

70.97

73.34

74.28

75.22

70.14

77.06

73.44

74,38

75.31

76.21

77.16

73.53

74.47

75.40

76.33

77.25

73.62

74.56

75.50

76.42

77.34

73.72

74.64

75.59

76.51

77,43

0.095

0.004

0.093

0.092

0.092

1.60

1.61

1 .62

1 .63

1.64

77.52

78.43

79.33

80.23

81.12

77.61

78.52

70.42

80.32

81.26

77.70

78.41

79.51

80.41

81,29

77.80

78.70

79.60

80.50

81.38

77.89

78.79

79.69

80.58

81.47

77.98

78.88

79.78

80.07

81.40

78.07

78.07

70.87

80.76

81.65

78.16

79.06

79.90

80.85

81.74

78.25

79.15

80.05

80.94

81.82

78.34

79,24

80.14

81.03

81.01

0.001

0.090

-0.090

0.080

0.088

1.65

1.60

1.67

1.68

1.69

82.00

82.88

83.75

84.61

85.47

82.09

82.90

83.84

84.70

85 54

82.17

83.05

83.92

84.79

85.64

82.26

83.14

84.01

84.87

85.73

82.35

83.22

84.10

84.911

85.82

82.44

8 3 31

84.18

85.05

85.90

82 52

83.40

84.27

85.13

85.99

82.61

83.40

84.36

-85.22

86.07

82.70

83.57

84.44

85.30

86.10

82.79

83.60

84.53

85 .39

86.24

0.088

0.087

0.087

0.0811

0.085

1 .70

1.71

1.72

1 . 7 3

1.74

80.33

87.18

88.02

88.85

89.08

86.41

87.26

88.10

88.93

89.76

86.50

87.34

88.18

80 02

89.84

86.58

87.43

88.27

89.10

89.93

86.67

87.51

88.35

89.18

90.01

86.75

87.60

88.43

89.26

90.09

86.84

87 .418

88 52

89.35

90.17

84.92

87.76

88.60

89.43

90.25

87.01

87.85

88.08

89.51

90.34

87.09

87.93

88.77

89.60

90.42

0.085

0.084

0.083

3 .083

0.082

1.75

1 . 7 0

90.50

91.32

00.58

91.40

90.66

91.48

90.74

91 . 50

90.82

90.91

90,90

91.07

01 . 15

91 .23

0.082

0.081

20


13/40

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Viscosity, density, and pH of saturated solutions in the system

ammonia-phosphoric acid-a:alert

Com position of solution

Viscosity

Density.

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pH

Weight percent

Mole

N 1 1 1

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Nkfi:HsPOs

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Centipoises

C

11.00

1.43

1.44

1.36

1.63

1.77

2.26

2.49

2.89 . . .

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3.24

2.63.

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30.73

32.13

32.59

33.85

36.31

38.66

41.86

44.02

47.32

50.91

50.84

49.5.5

47.01

41.68

39.02

36.34

30.8,5

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2.047

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1.843

1.752

1.68.5

1.633

1.568

1.498

1.499

1.467

1.426

1.313

1.248

1.192

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4.02

4.37

4.60

4.69

5.45

6.30

7.84

9.02

11.73

15.88

15.79

12.61

9.10

4.89

3.68

2.94

1.87

5.01

5.49

5 .30

5.94

7.00

8.20

10.36

12.06

15.99

22.08

22.00

17.34

12.30

6.37

4.70

3 .68

2.24

1.246

1.257

1.260

1.268

1.285

1 . 300

1.322

1 .337

1.363

1.390

1.393

1 .375

1 .352

1.303

1.277

1.25.3

1.201

8.66

8.51

8.42

7.70

7.12

6.86

6.49

6.30

6.09

5.84

5.81

5.70

5 .59

5 .30

5.07

4.84

3.69

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12.73

2.58

2.72

2.96

3.30

3.38.

3.70

3.85.

4.26.

4.72.

4.51

3.91

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0.82

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35.84

35 .57

38.59

41.06

43.66

46.06

48.87

51.65

54.30

55.83

55.64

54.34

51.75

49.81

46.23

43.51

40.45

38.48

39.45

2.044

2.035

1.897

1.816

1.753

1.672

1.613

1.543

1.511

1.517

1.501

1.473

1.458

1.377

1.347

1.282

1.111

1.074

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3.86

3.67

4.29

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Phosphoric Acid Wet Process