PHOTOSYNTHESIS and PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION

How energy is made within…..

Converting light energy Converting light energy into glucoseinto glucose

Photo = lightSynthesis = to make

Which of these is the correct Which of these is the correct photosynthesis formula?photosynthesis formula?A. 6CO₂ +6H₂O = O₂ + C₁H₂₆O₆B. C₆H₁₂O₆ + Light Energy + 6CO₂

6H₂O C. 6CO₂ +6H₂O + Light Energy

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂D. 6O₂ +6H₂O + Light Energy C₆H₁₂O₆

+ 6CO₂

PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATIONPHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION

I. Biochemical PathwaysI. Biochemical PathwaysA series of reactions where one must depend on another

Ex: your kidneys must wait on you to drink fluids

II. Light AbsorptionII. Light AbsorptionA. Photosynthesis (light reactions) occur in

chloroplastB. Light waves travel as waves

1. It appears white but is really2. ROYGBIV

If you are wearing a white If you are wearing a white shirt. What is happening shirt. What is happening with the visible light with the visible light spectrum?spectrum?A. You are absorbing all of the

colorsB. You are reflecting all of the

colorsC. Nothing, white is a color on

the visible light spectrumD. None of these is true

Which of the following is Which of the following is true?true?A. A thylokoid within the chloroplast

represent a stack of grana.B. Granum within the chloroplast

represent stacks of thylakoids.C. Chloroplast are green in colored

because they have green pigment inside of them called chlorophyll.

D. All of these are trueE. B and C are true

3. Pigments◦A. These subtract from spectrum allowing you to see specific colors1. chlorophyll a = yellow/green reflected

2. chlorophyll b = blue/green reflected

III. Photosynthesis III. Photosynthesis Reactions for most plantsReactions for most plants

A. Light Dependent Reaction

B. Calvin Cycle (C₃) (light independent Reaction)

In Thylakoid Membrane

Needs SunByproducts:

◦ ATP

◦ O₂ ◦ NADPH₂ to send to Calvin

Cycle

Occurs in StromaNeeds SunCarbon Fixation occurs

(putting carbon into molecules)

Byproducts: ◦ H₂O◦ C₆H₁₂O₆ ◦ RuBP to restart cycle

Which of the following is true Which of the following is true of biochemical pathways?of biochemical pathways?A. C-4 and C-3 pathways are biochemical

pathways that are waiting on the Calvin Cycle.

B. The Calvin cycle needs the light dependent reaction to occur so that it may occur, they are both dependent on each other.

C. The Calvin cycle is not part of photosynthesis and therefore not a part of a biochemical pathway.

D. None of these are true.

Calvin CycleCalvin Cycle

Must make 3 rounds to produce1 molecule Must make 3 rounds to produce1 molecule of Glucose with 6 carbon atomsof Glucose with 6 carbon atoms

Carbon FixationCarbon Fixation

When carbon atoms are bonded or “fixed” into an organic compound

Ex. CO₂ C₆H₁₂O₆

The Calvin Cycle is also known as C₃ pathway

CO₂ fixed into 3-C compound

How many rounds must the How many rounds must the Calvin cycle make to be able Calvin cycle make to be able to produce just one to produce just one macromolecule of glucose?macromolecule of glucose?A. 1B. 3 because it gets 2 carbons

each timeC. 6 because glucose has 6

carbonsD. I really have no idea

IV. Alternate PathsIV. Alternate Paths

CC₄ Pathway₄ Pathway CAMCAM

CO₂ fixed into 4-C compound

Hot and Humid Climates

Lose ½ amt of water Ex. Sugarcane, Corn,

Crabgrass

Take in CO₂ at night and fix

Hot and Dry Climates like Desert

Ex. Pineapple, Cacti

Do all plants fix carbon in Do all plants fix carbon in the same manner?the same manner?

A. YesB. No

What are the alternative ways?

V. Rate of PhotosynthesisV. Rate of PhotosynthesisRate is affected by:1.

2. Temp

3. Carbon Dioxide

Which alternative Which alternative pathway would many of pathway would many of our plants in our hot and our plants in our hot and humid region use?humid region use?A. CAMB. C 4 pathwayC. C 3 pathwayD. Calvin Cycle

If the amount of light If the amount of light intensity increases, the rate intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will of photosynthesis will increase.increase.A. TrueB. False

How animals make energy or ATP…..

Cellular Respiration and Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis RelationshipPhotosynthesis Relationship

They are opposites in the energy world even

CR occurs in animals in the mitochondria

PS occurs in plants in the chloroplast

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONCELLULAR RESPIRATION EQUATION EQUATION

How are cellular respiration How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis similar?and photosynthesis similar?A. The both must take in carbon

dioxide and release oxygen to produce energy.

B. They are both trying to produce energy within a cell while reciprocating their equations.

C. One process provides energy while the other uses energy.

D. They have no relationship at all.

Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationThere are 3 main cycles where

ATP is produced:

Cellular respiration occurs in Cellular respiration occurs in which part of the cell?which part of the cell?

A. The cytoplasmB. The thylakioidC. The mitochondriaD. Outside of the cell

Anaerobic vs. AerobicAnaerobic vs. Aerobic

Anaerobic – do not require Oxygen◦Glycolysis◦Fermentation (ATP not made)

Aerobic – requires Oxygen to make ATP◦Kreb’s Cycle◦ETC (Electron Transport Chain)

GlycolysisGlycolysis

Net Gain:

2 ATP’s2 NADH’s2 Pyruvate’s/pyruvic acid

Is glycolysis a very efficient Is glycolysis a very efficient ATP producer?ATP producer?

A. YesB. No

Which of the following is true Which of the following is true of aerobic and anaerobic of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?respiration?A. Anaerobic means that

oxygen must be present for a cycle to occur.

B. Anaerobics is an exercise program for adults.

C. Glycolysis is anaerobic because it does not require oxygen to make ATP

D. None of these

BY-PASSBY-PASSAfter Glycolysis, NADH cannot enter Mitochondria

so they pass extra H back to Pyruvate, now NAD enters

Alcoholic Lactic AcidUsed for:

◦Yeast in bread◦Wine◦Sauerkraut

Products:◦CO₂◦NAD◦Alcohol

Used by:◦Muscles when

over exercised

Products◦NAD◦Lactic Acid

What is true of What is true of fermentation?fermentation?A. It does not play a role in

making ATP.B. It is a stage where some cells

go to but is not a main portion of cellular respiration.

C. It is a bypass stage, but is still important to us in different ways.

D. All of these

FermentationFermentationBakers use the

yeast made in alcoholic fermentation to make bread

Lactic acid made in the muscles start breaking down the muscles

Before Kreb’s Cycle but after Before Kreb’s Cycle but after Glycolysis Glycolysis

Before it can begin it must convert pyruvate into a more usable form.

This Nets 2 NADH’s

2 Pyruvic Acids 2 Acetyl CoA’s

Which of the following is not Which of the following is not true?true?A. Alcoholic fermentation can

be used to make wine.B. Yeast is used to make bread

rise.C. Lactic acid builds muscles

not oxygen.D. Lactic acid is produced in

muscles when over worked.

Kreb’s CycleKreb’s CycleOccurs in

mitochondriaStarts with 1

Acetyl CoA

Why must glycolysis occur Why must glycolysis occur before Krebs cycle?before Krebs cycle?A. Because these cycles are

contingent on one another, meaning that one must occur producing something that the next needs.

B. These are biochemical cycles.C. Glycolysis produces pyruvates,

which inadvertently are used to start Krebs cycle.

D. All of these

How many Acetyl CoA’s was actually made

So how many rounds does the Kreb’s cycle make?

Kreb’s Cycle Kreb’s Cycle

Is the Krebs cycle a very Is the Krebs cycle a very efficient ATP producer?efficient ATP producer?

A. YesB. No

Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain (ETC)(ETC)AKA Oxidative PoshorylationLooks like Fluid Mosaic Model

How many ATP did glycolysis How many ATP did glycolysis Net?Net?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

How many ATP did the How many ATP did the Kreb’s cycle net?Kreb’s cycle net?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

ETC SummaryETC Summary

ETCETC

Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle

Totals

2 NADH 8 NADH 2 NADH X 2 = 4 ATP8 NADH X 3 = 24 ATP

0 FADH2 2 FADH2 2 FADH2 X 2 = 4 ATP

2 ATP 2 ATP 2 ATP + 2 ATP = 4 ATP = 36 ATP

Energy Yield for 1 average Energy Yield for 1 average cell in your bodycell in your body

How many ATP did the ETC How many ATP did the ETC make on its own, not make on its own, not including the ones from including the ones from other cycles?other cycles?

A. 0B. 20C. 32D. 36