Pietrele dacilor socotesc

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David Reu

PIETRELE DACILOR SOCOTESC

THE DACIAN STONES CAN COUNT


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Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei

REU, DAVID Pietrele dacilor socotesc = The dacian stones can count /

David Reu ; introd: acad. Alexandru Vulpe ; pref.: dr. MagdaStavinschi. - Bucureti : Biblioteca Bucuretilor, 2011

ISBN 978-606-8337-05-0

I. Vulpe, Alexandru (pref.)II. Stavinschi, Magda (pref.)

902/904(398)

Traducere n limba englez: Cristina Staicu i Dan Tudor Reu

Redactare manuscris bilingv: David i Dan Tudor Reu

Tehnoredactare manuscris: ing. Sorin Grd

Foto coperi: D. R.

NOT: Denumirile instituiilor i funciile sunt cele existente n perioada citat.

NOTE: In this text, the institutions and functions are called by the names of their times


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David Reu

PIETRELE DACILOR SOCOTESCTHE DACIAN STONES CAN COUNT

Introducere de / introduced by

Acad. Alexandru Vulpe

Prefa de /Foreword

Dr. Magda Stavinschi

Editura Biblioteca Bucuretilor

Bucureti 2011


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Prezentarea lmelorCALENDARUL GETO-DACIC. NUMERAIA i

SARMIZEGETUSA PENTRU ISTORIA CIVILIZAIILOR

Introducing the lms produced by REU STUDIO:THE GETIC-DACIANCALENDAR. THE NUMBER OF ITEMS AND THEIR MEANINGand

SARMIZEGETUSA FOR THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATIONS

Cercetare tiinic argumentat de / A scientic research supported by

Acad. Nicolae Teodorescu.Ipoteza profesorului / The theory ofProfessorConstantin Bejgu:MATEMATICA ASTRONOMIC I CALENDARISTIC

A SANCTUARELOR GETO-DACICE

MATHEMATICAL AND ASTRONOMICAL CALENDAR OF THE GETIC-

DACIAN SANCTUARIES

Comunicare tiinic. NUMERAIA-VESTIGIU NOIONALN ARHEOASTRONOMIE

Scientic research: A NOTIONAL VESTIGE IN ARCHAEOASTRONOMY

NCHEIERE CU ENIGME / A CONCLUSION WITH PUZZLES


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Spirituality of The Getae and

DaciansThe study of the divine things is among

the main occupations of the Getae says

Poseidonos of Apamea, one of the brightest

personalities living in the Ist century BC.

When Herodotus says that the Getae are

the bravest among all the Tracians, he also

refers to the attention that they pay to the

study of the divinity.Among the relatively few

informations that the antique literary sources

bring about the Getae and the Dacians, oneclear aspect is the image that the Greeks

have formed in regard to their religion and

spirituality. Three among the four chapters

that the parent of history dedicates to the

Getae refer to the cult of Zalmoxis and his

divine or mortal personality. Platons choice

for Zalmoxis as an introductory theme of

his Charmides dialogue theme suggests

that this is exactly how the Athenians were

looking at the Dacians in these times. For thesame reasons, Zalmoxis was considered as

one of the wisest personalities until late in

the antique times and even in the early days

of Christianity.

Archeological research, more and more

numerous and systematically spread all over

the Dacian teritory, brought many religious

objects to the daylight. The most complex

and important is the group of sanctuaries

found on Gradistea Muncelului, in the Sebes

SPIRITUALITATEA

LA GEI I LA DACILa gei prevaleaz preocuparea

pentru cele divine, relateaz Poseidonios

din Apamea, una dintre cel mai strlucite

personaliti ale primei jumti a secolului I

. Hr. Iar Herodot, povestind c geii sunt cei

mai drepi dintre traci, are n vedere acelai

respect al acestei etnii pentru cele divine.

Din relativ puinele informaii pe care le

consemneaz izvoarele literare antice despre

gei i despre daci, se desprinde ndeosebiimaginea pe care i-o furiser grecii

referitoare la religia lor, n sens mai larg, la

spiritualitatea lor. Astfel, dintre cele patru

capitole pe care printele istoriei le consacr

geilor, trei se refer la cultul i personalitatea

divin ori uman a lui Zalmoxis. C astfel

se va nscut faima geilor n ochii publicului

atenian o sugereaz i alegerea lui Zalmoxis

ca pretext introductiv al temei dialogului

Charmides al lui Platon. Din aceleaimotive Zalmoxis este evocat ca nelept pn

n antichitatea trzie, chiar i la primii prini

ai Bisericii Cretine.

Cercetrile arheologice, din ce n ce

mai numeroase i mai sistematic desfurate

pe mai tot cuprinsul Daciei, au dat la iveal

multe obiective de ordin religios, dintre care

pe departe cel mai complex i mai important

este grupul de sanctuare de pe Grditea

Acad. Alexandru Vulpe


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Mountains, Southwestern Transilvania.The Dacians had here their headquarters,Sarmisegetuza Regia, by the times of the

Roman conquest. This was not the onlyDacian sacred mountain, as proved by

the discoveries from the Tipia Omenisului,close to Racos, in the Brasov department,where a series of sanctuaries looking verymuch alike those in Gradistea Munceluluiwas found. As it usually occurs, none ofthese sacred sites was properly preserved tillnowadays. The sites situated in the Dacian

elds perished in re and were re-made byarchaeologists after the traces of burnt polesor altars (such as Popesti, near Bucharest,

Brad, on Siret river, Bacau department,Pecica, on Mures River, Arad department,aso). The mountains sites, whose stone tracescan still be seen on the ground, did not have abetter fate. The group of sanctuaries from the

Dacian capital was sistematically distroyedby the Romans, after the conquest, in theiraim of striking for ever the political and

spiritual Dacian leadership and providingthe total control over the Dacian territory.This policy, that the Romans also used in

other territories (see the Jerusalem temple,destroyed after the Judean revolt), was oneof the elements that contributed to the veryrapid assimilation of the Dacian culture inthis new Roman province.

The events briefly mentioned abovecome to explain why the researches face

several ways of reconstructing thesesanctuaries original architecture, ofinterpreting the religous habits of the timeand their complexity within the Getae-

Dacian spiritual life. It is obvious that allthe tentatives in this eld are only more orless realistic assumptions. Several formal

similarities with the famous and enigmaticenglish Stonehenge monument, dated inthe bronze era, were the start of some

explanatory works, but the blocks of stonekeep on remaining silent, both in Dacia

Muncelului, din Munii Sebeului,n sudvestul Transilvaniei. Aici a fostSarmizegetusa Regia, capitala statului dac nsecolele I Hr., cnd a fost cucerit de romani.C acesta n-a fost singurul munte sfnt al

dacilor a dovedit-o descoperirea i cercetareaarheologic pe Tipia Ormeniului, lngRaco, jud. Braov, unde s-au identicato serie de sanctuare asemntoare celorde la Grditea Muncelului. Aa cum sentmpl ndeobte, niciunul din locurilede cult amintite nu s-a conservat n modsatisfctor. Cele din zonele de cmpie aleDaciei au disprut prin incendii, arheologiireconstituindu-le planul pe baza drelor

lsate de temeliile arse sau ale vetrelor-altardin ncperile lor (vezi cazul sanctuarelorde la Popeti, de lng Bucureti, Brad, jud.Bacu, pe Siret i Pecica, jud. Arad, pe Mureetc.). Nici cele din regiunile muntoase, alecror temelii de piatr se mai vd la suprafaasolului, nu s-au bucurat de o soart mai

bun. Astfel, grupul de sanctuare din capitalaregatului dac a fost sistematic distrus deromani dup cucerire, cu intenia evidentde a da o lovitur mortal conducerii politice

i spirituale a dacilor, pentru a-i asigurastpnirea peste noile inuturi. Aceast

politic, pe care romanii au practicat-o in alte situaii (vezi distrugerea templuluuiIerusalimului dup nbuirea rscoalei dinIudeea), a dat n Dacia rezultatele scontate:a fost unul din factorii care au contribuit laromanizarea extrem de rapid a provinciei.

Cele succint relatate mai sus explic dece cercettorul este pus fa n faa cu diferite

posibiliti de reconstrucie a arhitecturiiacestor sanctuare, a interpretrii cultului

practicat i a rolului acestuia n complexitateaculturii spirituale a geto-dacilor. Este evidentc tot ce s-a ncercat n aceast direciereprezint doar ipoteze, unele mai plauzibile,altele mai fanteziste. Unele asemnri formalecu vestitul i enigmaticul monument al epocii

bronzului de la Stonehenge din Anglia aui alctuit obiectul unor eseuri explicative,

dar blocurile de piatr se ncpneaz srmn mute, att n Dacia ct i n Britania.


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and in Britain. A striking element amongthe Sarmisegetua religious monumentsis a certain numerical disposal of the

stones. A multiple of six is present in thecolumns disposition within the rectangular

sanctuaries, while the outer ring of the greatround sanctuary counts 180 hard rock poles,in groups of six. Every group of six narrow

poles has a wider block, that marks the 30groups of six poles or columns. This 6+1 setrepeats itself 30 times.

All the constructions with absida-shaped rooms, including the one fromthe great round sanctuary, have the sameorientation: they are all oriented on a circle

sector between WNW and NNE, in relationwith the position of the Sun at the momentwhen they were built. This rule exists allover Dacia, with no exceptions a proof

for a certain religious habit. There are,of course, many other elements of such anature, on which I will not insist in this short

presentation.

It is easy to understand why

many hypothesis relate to astronomicalexplanations, in general, and calendarexplanations, in particular calendar-

sanctuaries or astronomical observatories.The Stonehenge orientation and its relationwith the way that the stone blocks aredisposed, brought to many speculationsregarding its conection to the sunset positionduring the solstices or the equinoxes. And the

same happened at Sarmisegetuza.

Some of these observations cannotbe denied, they are obvious and reflect theDacians knowledge concerning the study ofthe sky. As most of the European populations,the Dacians improved their own experiencethrough multiple influences from the Greekor Helenistic world, from the orientalcivilisations or from the Dacians neighbours,the Celts.

In his Getica, Iordanes, a latin

speaking writer from the VI century AD,

Ceea ce izbete ns n planul monumentelorcultice de la Sarmizegetusa este o anumitrnduial numeric a blocurilor de piatr.Un multiplu al numrului ase se constatn dispunerea aliniamentelor de coloaneale sanctuarelor cu plan rectangular, iar lamarele sanctuar circular se remarc, pe cerculexterior, numrul de 180 de stlpi de andezit,grupai cte ase. Fiecrui grup de ase stlpinguti i este adugat un bloc mai lat, caremarcheaz cele 30 de grupuri de cte ase;aceast rnduire 6+1 se repet de 30 de ori.

i n ceea ce privete orientareaconstruciilor cu camer absidat, inclusiva aceleia din interiorul sanctuarului circularamintit mai sus, se observ o regul: toate

sunt orientate pe un segment de cerc ntreVNV i NNE, variaii ce se explic desigur nfuncie de poziia soarelui la data construcieilor. Aceast regul o ntlnim n toat Dacia,fr excepie, fapt ce dovedete un anumitcanon de ordin cultic. Mai sunt desigur multealte observaii de asemenea natur, asupracrora, n cele cteva rnduri pe care le am ladispoziie, nu pot s mai insist.

Este aadar lesne de neles apariia

multor ipoteze ce se leag de explicaii de ordinastronomic n general, sau calendaristic nspecial sanctuare calendar sau observatoareastronomice. i la Stonehenge s-a speculatmult asupra orientrii i relaiei acesteia cugruprile blocurilor de piatr, dispunerea lorind pus n legtur cu rsritul soareluila solstiii sau echinocii. Aiderea i laSarmizegetusa.

Unele dintre aceste observaii nu pot negate, sunt evidente i reect cunotineledacilor n materie de observare a bolii cereti.Desigur, asemenea majoritii populaiiloreuropene, i la geto-daci cunotineledobndite prin propria experien s-aumbogit cu multiplele inuene recepionatedin lumea greac i elenistic sau nscute ncivilizaiile orientale i transmise prin lierelenistic, dar i de la celii, vecini ai dacilor.

Iordanes, scriitor de limb latin din

sec. VI d.Hr. n a sa Getica, utiliznd surse


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mentions that the Getae (and, respectively,the Dacians) had learnt the nature sciencesunder the direction of Decenaeus; he usesolder, but very credible sources whose originbring to Dion Chrysostomos (Golden Mouth),

a philosopher that visited Dacia in person,right before the Roman wars. Decenaeus hadtought them the meaning of the astral signs,the planets trajectory and all the secrets ofthe astronomy. You could see one of them

studying the position of the sky, (...), observingthe growth and the decrease of the Moon, andthe other one studying the Sun eclipses andthe evolution of the stars, in connection tothe rotation of the sky, following very precise

rules writes Iordanes.The relationship between thesewritten testimonies and the plan of the

Dacian sanctuaries must have a certainmeaning, besides some exagerations. A

possible relationship between the numbershidden behind the rock blocks disposal

from the different Dacian sanctuaries andthe pythagoreic theory of numbers hadbeen previously suggested by a theoreticalrelationship between pythagoreism and

zamolxism, which shocked personalities likeHerodotus and Poseidonius. No matter howwe value such theories today, this seems tohave been the Greeks perception on the faithof the Getae.

The assumption of numerical relationswithin the circular or rectangular alignment

groups of the Dacian sanctuaries seems tome very interesting and useful.

Making this theory known will

certainly contribute to the growth of interestconcerning the Getic-Dacian spiritualcivilization, whose level in the ancientworld proves to be very close to the greatcivilizations of the time.

It is not enough to believe that theDacian sanctuaries had only the function ofkeeping track of their calendar and makingastronomical observations. The main goal

of the sanctuaries was celebrating the gods,to whom they were dedicated, as everywhere

mai vechi, dar de prim mn n ultiminstan liera surselor merge pn la DionChrysostomos (Gur de aur), losof ce avizitat personal Dacia n ajunul rzboaielorcu romanii, i care relateaz c sub

ndrumarea lui Deceneu preot suprem pe lamijlocul sec. I .Hr. geii (respectiv dacii)nvaser tiinele naturii. Acelai Deceneule dezvluise semnicaia zodiacului, mersul

planetelor i toate secretele astronomiei.Puteai vedea pe unul cercetnd poziiacerului. (...) studiind creterea i scderealunii, pe cellalt observnd eclipsele soareluii cum, dup o regul prestabilit, prin rotaiacerului, evolueaz astrele, scrie Iordanes.

Lsnd la o parte unele exagerri,relaia dintre aceste consemnri i planulsanctuarelor dacice trebuie s avut osemnicaie. De altfel, o oarece legtur ntrernduielile numerice ale dispunerii blocurilorde piatr din sanctuarele de diferite tipuri dinDacia i doctrina pitagoreic a numerelorfusese sugerat de o presupus relaie ntre

pitagoreism i zalmoxism, relaie ce afrapat pe un Herodot sau pe un Poseidonius.

Indiferent ce valoare dm astzi, n spiritcritic, unor astfel de interpretri, cel puinaceasta va fost imaginea prin care grecii au

perceput credinele geilor.

Ipoteza relaiilor numerice dincadrul gruprilor de aliniamente circularesau rectangulare ale sanctuarelor dacice...mi se pare foarte util i interesant.

Punerea acestei ipoteze n circulaie

va contribui la creterea interesului pentrucunoaterea civilizaiei spirituale a geto-dacilor, al crei nivel, considerat n cadrullarg al lumii antice, se dovedete din ce

n ce mai mult a fi apropiat de marilecivilizaii ale vremii.

Nu trebuie ns s se cread c funciasanctuarelor din Dacia a fost doar aceea dea nsemna calendarul i de a face observaiiastronomice. Destinaia principal a acestor

sanctuare era cinstirea divinitii creia le erauconsacrate, ca de altfel pretutindeni n lumea


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else in the antique world. The Getae andDacian religion was polyteist, their pantheonwas similar to the Greeks, Romans, Slaviansand other Indo-European populations. Thedifferent types of their religious monumentsis only one of the arguments supporting thistheory: every type of sanctuary correspondedto the celebration of one of the gods. Thenumbers behind the disposal of the rock blocks,columns, or the sanctuaries orientation, hada secondary role, subordinated to the mainreligious, dogmatic or spiritual function.

A question than arises how farcan we go in interpreting the fragmentedliterary data and the completely insufcient

archaeological testimonies? We cannot stopour imagination from playing an importantrole when making different assumptions.On the other side, the interdisciplinarycooperation between astronomers,

geophysicians, mathematicians, historiansof the religions, is mandatory for anyachievement in the research of this theme.

Let us be realistic: every research inthis fascinating discipline has to accurately

use and value the sources available atpresent. As far as the archaeologicalmonuments are concerned, it is necessary toentirely and correctly publish the results ofany archaeological diggings, no matter howexpensive these are, in the aim of preservingthe Getic-Dacian capitals vestiges. We

speak about unique monuments on theplanet, representing what probably was themost important and original feature of the

creative side of a people from this part ofEurope. Alongside with Trajan Columnsbas-reliefs, this is the most signicant traceof a civilisation from the Roman worldoutskirts, which ended almost 2000 yearsago. It is an endless source for the research

generating hypotheses that, even if will notentirely satisfy our thirst for deciphering theessence of the Getae-Dacians spirituality,represent the only way of enriching ourknowledge on our ancestors civilisation.

antic. Geii i dacii erau politeiti, avndun panteon asemntor grecilor, romanilor,germanilor, slavilor i altor popoareindo-europene. Diversitatea tipologic amonumentelor de cult sunt doar unul dintreargumentele n sprijinul acestei armaii:ecrui tip de sanctuar i corespundea cultulunei anume diviniti. Rnduielile numericeale blocurilor de piatr, ale coloanelor, sauorientarea sanctuarelor, au avut desigurnumai un rol subordonat funciei principale,care era de esen religios-dogmatic, purspiritual.

Se pune deci ntrebarea: ct de departeputem merge cu ipotezele n interpretareaextrem de fragmentatelor date literare i celor

total insuciente ale arheologiei? Desigur,nu putem mpiedica fantezia s joace un rolnsemnat n formularea oricrei presupuneri.Pe de alt parte, colaborarea interdisciplinarcu astronomii, geozicienii, matematicienii,istoricii religiilor este astzi indispensabil

pentru realizarea unui progres ctui de micn cercetarea acestei teme.

S m realiti: obligaia imediat acercettorilor acestui fascinant domeniu este

punerea n valoare cu maxim acuratee asurselor de care dispunem n prezent. n ca-zul monumentelor arheologice, se cere att

publicarea corect i integral a rezultatelorspturilor efectuate, unele nc din anii 20 aisecolului trecut, ct mai ales depunerea oric-ror eforturi, e ele orict de costisitoare, n ve-derea conservrii vestigiilor din zona capitaleiregatului dac. Sunt aici monumente unice pe

plan mondial, reprezentnd poate ce a fost mai

original i mai important n creaia unui popordin aceast parte a Europei. Alturi de basore-liefurile Columnei lui Traian, este tot ce sub-zist mai semnicativ de pe urma unei civili-zaii de la periferia lumii greco-romane, apuseacum aproape 2000 de ani. Este un nesecatizvor de cercetare i de formulare de ipotezecare, chiar dac nu vor satisface pe deplin do-rina noastr de a cunoate esena spiritualitiigeilor i a dacilor, reprezint singura cale dembogire a cunotinelor despre acest aspect

al civilizaiei strmoilor notri.


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All the historical data and archaeological

researches prove that the Dacians had reachedtheir highest level of culture and civilisationduring the Ist century BC Ist century AD,the same period when the Sarmisegetuzafortress was built, as one of Europes mostfascinating vestiges, developed to its greatestimportance during the reign of Decebalus(87-106). The Getae-Dacians were, togetherwith the Celts, the most important populationsoutside the Roman Empire, and had reached

a high standard of material and culturaldevelopment.Their scientic knowledge, especially

in Medicine, Mathematics and Astronomy,has intensively been investigated. Theconclusions draw an unitary image on itsvery high level, and the years dedicated bymany researches to these studies lead to theinclusion of Sarmisegetuza, among ve otherDacian fortesses, on the list of the UNESCOworld patrimony.

Several recent discoveries make usbelieve that...

We are in the core of EuropeMore and more evidences support

the theory that our Dacian ancestors maybe considered as one of the worlds oldestpopulations. In 1961, a few clay plates werefound in Romania they had a kind of writingthat was thought to be the rst in the whole

world. A study dating from 1999 showd that

Toate datele istorice i cercetrile

arheologice dovedesc c dacii au atins celmai nalt nivel de cultur i civilizaie n sec.I .Hr. - I d.Hr., adic n perioada care a dusla ntemeierea cetii de la Sarmizegetusa,unul dintre cele mai fascinante vestigiiale Europei, care-i va atinge apogeul pevremea lui Decebal (87-106). Daco-geiiconsitutiau, mpreun cu celii, cele maiimportante popoare din afara statului roman,care atinseser un nalt nivel de dezvoltare

material i cultural.Au existat numeroase cercetri asupracunotinelor lor tiinice, n specialmedicale, matematice sau astronomice. Elencep s se contureze, ducnd la o imagineunitar asupra nivelului lor ridicat, iareforturile celor care i-au dedicat ani dezile acestor studii i-au gsit recunoaterea

prin includerea, n 1999, a cetii de laSarmizegetusa, alturi de alte cinci cetidacice, n lista patrimoniului mondialUNESCO.

Cteva descoperiri recente ne fac sarmm c...

Suntem n centrul EuropeiDin ce n ce mai multe dovezi vin n

sprijinul ipotezei c strmoii notri daci pot considerai printre cele mai vechi populaiidin lume. n 1961 au fost gsite n Romniacteva tblie de lut cu o scriere considerata prima din lume. n anul 1999, un studiu

fcut la Sarmizegetusa Regia a pus n

Dr. Astronom/Astronomer Magda Stavinschi


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the Dacian fortresses from Orastie are onlya small part of a 200 sqm town, the largestin antiquity. In 2002, the bones of all theEuropeans ancestor were found in Anina,and the speologists called him Ion (John). All

of these traces are situated in the centre andthe South-Western part of Romania, the samearea were the famous dwarf-dynosaurus,unique in the world, were found (g.1)

After nding a mandibula in theAnina cave, the speologists from the EmilRacovita Institute started to look for theage of this fossile. It is a 500 dollars worth

procedure, done with the Carbon 14 isotope.

As the Romanian scientists did not havethis money, the operation was taken over byprofessors Erik Tinkaus from the Saint LouisUniversity, USA and Joao Zilhiao from theBristol University, UK. They found out that itwas a 40000 years old fossile, the oldest traceof the modern human known in our history.

Using this fragment, the twoanthropologists draw the mans face andfound out that it had no ressemblances

with any other relic of the kind. They saythat this skull proves the mating of themodern human (homo sapiens sapiens)with the Neanderthalian (homo sapiensneanderthaliensis), that lived between theyears 150000 35000 BC. Therefore, ourancestor changed all the anthropologicaltheories concerning the origin of themodern human and its connections to the

Neandathalian man. The anthropologists had

prevously believed that the Neanderthalianhad vanished once the modern human was

born.

Ion carries the features of both humantypes: it means that they not only livedtogether, but also mated. Before the AninaMountains descovery, the oldest modernhuman relics dated from around 30000 yearsBC and had been found in Africa.

The researchers initially believed thatIon used to live in the same cave where he

eviden faptul c cetile dacice cunoscuteacum la Ortie sunt doar o mic parte a unuiora uria, ntins pe o suprafa de 200 km2,cel mai mare din antichitate. n anul 2002, aufost dezgropate la Anina oasele strmoului

tuturor europenilor, botezat de speologi Ion.Toate aceste descoperiri sunt grupate ncentrul i sud-vestul Romniei, tot n zonaunde au fost gsii celebrii dinozauri pitici,unicate mondiale. (g 1)

Dup ce au gsit o mandibul npetera de la Anina, speologii InstitutuluiEmil Racovi au pus problema datriifosilei. Acest lucru se face cu ajutorulizotopului Carbon 14 i este o procedur care

cost 500 de dolari. Cum savanii romni nuaveau aceti bani, operaia a fost preluat deprofesorii Erik Trinkaus de la Universitateadin Saint Louis, SUA, i Joao Zilhao de laUniversitatea din Bristol, UK. Ei au datatrelicva la 40 000 de ani vechime, ind decicea mai veche rmit a omului moderncunoscut n Europa.

Pe baza aceluiai fragment, ceidoi antropologi au reconstituit chipul

brbatului, constatnd c acesta are trsturi

nemaintlnite la vreo alt relicv de acestfel. Ei susin c acest craniu este dovada comul modern (homo sapiens sapiens) s-amperecheat cu omul de Neanderthal (homosapiens neanderthalensis), care a trit ntr-o

perioad cuprins ntre 150 000 de ani i 35000 de ani nainte de zilele noastre. Ca atare,strbunul nostru a revoluionat tot ce se tiadespre teoriile antropologice cu privire laoriginea omului modern i la legturile sale

cu omul de Neanderthal. Pn la aceastdescoperire, antropologii credeau c omulde Neanderthal a disprut odat cu apariiaomului modern.

Ion are caracteristicile ambelor tipuri deumanoid; asta nseamn c ele au convieuiti chiar s-au mpreunat. Pn la descoperireadin Munii Aninei, cele mai vechi rmieale omului modern erau cele din Africa idatau undeva n jurul a 30 000 de ani.

Cercettorii au crezut la nceput cIon a locuit chiar n petera n care a fost


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was found. Later investigations showd thatthe cave had not been inhabited. No toolswere found there, so Ion must have lived anddied in a different place, but in the followingthousands of years his mandibula reached thedeep parts of the cave. In the same cave, the26000 years old skull of a man was found,and he was called as Vasile. (g.2)

A 35000 years old womans skull wasalso found in Romania.

But the discoveries did not stop at thispoint. In the year 2003, Romania was declaredthe place where the oldest Europeans hadlived. A 35000 years old womans piece ofskull was found in 2003 and named as Maria(n. Simona Josan).

The first writing in the world, foundin the department of Alba.

In Tartaria, department of Alba, animportant religious complex was found backin 1961; the materials prove a continuoushuman occupation for several thousands ofyears. Among others, three sensational burntclay brackets dating around 4500 BC werediscovered (g.3).

Two of the brackets are covered withpictograms, at least one millennium oder thanthe Summerian ones. The scientists initially

believed these brackets to be a forgery. Butthe Carbon 14 isotope tests showd that theywere at least 6500 years old.

Moreover, an only 5500 years oldpottery work was found in Bulgaria, with thesame kind of pictograms. The conclusion is

that the Tartaria relics wear the worlds oldestwriting, spread afterwards all over Asia andEurope. Unfortunately, the signes had never

been deciphered until now.Sarmisegetuza lays on an

underground city as large as BucharestIn 1993, Romania started a vast

campaign in order to value its Dacianfortresses from Gradistea. A group ofRomanian scientists did a very complexstudy on the spot, until 1999, using special

technology for detecting the burried objects

gsit. Dup investigaii ulterioare, s-a ajunsla concluzia c petera nu a fost locuit. Nus-au gsit unelte, prin urmareIon a trit i amurit n alt parte, dar, n cele cteva zeci demii de ani, mandibula sa a ajuns n adncurile

peterii. Tot n acea peter a mai fost gsitcraniul unui om ce a trit acum 26 000 de ani,care a fost botezat Vasile. (Fig 2)

Tot la noi s-a gsit craniul vechi de35 000 de ani al unei femei

Dar descoperirile nu s-au oprit aici.n anul 2003 a fost certicat faptul c nara noastr au trit cei mai vechi europeni.n anul 2003 specialitii au gsit o bucatde craniu veche de 35 000 de ani, care ar aparinut unei femei care a fost botezat

Maria (n. Simona Josan).Prima scriere din lume, gsit n

judeul Alban localitatea Trtria, din judeul Alba,

a fost descoperit, n anul 1961, un importantcomplex de cult, cu materiale ce atest ocontinuitate de locuire de cteva mii de ani.Printre altele, s-au gsit i trei tblie de lutars, de-a dreptul senzaionale, realizate pe la4500 .Hr. (Fig.3)

Dou dintre tblie sunt acoperite cusemne cu caracter pictograc, cu peste unmileniu anterioare celor sumeriene. Iniial,oamenii de tiin au considerat c tblielegsite sunt un fals. ns datarea cu izotopCarbon 14 a dovedit c aceste obiecte au ovechime de cel puin 6500 de ani.

Mai mult, i n Bulgaria s-a gsit unvas vechi de doar 5500 de ani pe care estedesenat acelai tip de scriere. Concluzia este

c, n cazul Trtria, vorbim despre primascriere din lume, care s-a rspndit de aici nAsia i Europa. Din pcate, semnele au rmasnedescifrate pn n ziua de azi.

Sarmizegetusa st pe un orasubteran de mrimea Bucuretiului

n 1993 Romnia demara o amplcampanie de punere n valoare a cetilordacice de la Grditea. Un grup de oameni detiin romni a efectuat la faa locului, pnn 1999, un studiu complex cu ajutorul unor

aparate speciale de detectare a zidurilor i a


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and walls.The study proved that a huge military

and civilian compact architectural complexlays underneath Sarmisegetuza and the otherknown Dacian fortresses. It has several cores

on a 200 sqm surface, rich in gold and in manyelements older than the Dacian civilisation(g. 4,5).

The chronology for the Proto-Romanians

These were only a few testimoniesthat help us understand how the Dacians hadreached such a high level of knowledge inMathematics and Astronomy.

The authors of this book have studied formany years the chronolgy represented by thestones forming the Sarmisegetuza sanctuary.Laborious calculations, a remarkable spiritof observation, brought to the conclusionthat the Dacians had reached signicant

performances in determining a calendar thatthey used both in religious rituals and in theircurrent activities, especially agriculture.Everything was based upon a very deepknowledge of Mathematics and Astronomy.

It is not a surprise that only a fewcenturies afterwards, the calendar thateverybody uses today, was born on thisterritory.

We are now in the Vth century and thecalendar issue had not yet been solved. The

papal curia decides to end this difcult taskand addresses to the worlds most enlighted

personalities in order to nd the bestsolutions for a correct calendar system. So

the history meets one of the most interestingpersonalities of the times, proved to be twicea genius Dionisie the Small, the monk fromthe city of Tomis.

He was a genius because he had theidea of counting the years starting from JesusChrists year of birth, a landmark generallyaccepted by everybody on the planet, nomatter their religion. But he was also a genius

because, over ve centuries after Jesus birth,

he succeeds to approximate this moment withonly a very small 4-7 years error, considering

obiectelor ngropate.Aa s-a pus n eviden faptul c

sub Sarmizegetusa i sub celelalte cetidacice pe care le cunoatem acum exist unuria ansamblu arhitectonic militaro-civil,

compact, cu mai multe nuclee, ntins pe osuprafa de peste 200 de kilometri ptrai,bogat n aur i cu multe elemente anterioarecivilizaiei dacilor. (Fig. 4, 5)

Cronologia la protoromniAcestea au fost doar cteva mrturii

care ne ajut s nelegem cum se face cmatematica i astronomia dacilor atinseserun nivel att de ridicat.

Autorii lucrrii de fa au ntreprins anide-a rndul studii privind cronologia pstratn pietrele Sanctuarului de la Sarmisegetuza.Calcule laborioase, un spirit de observaieremarcabil au dus la concluzia c dacii auatins performane remarcabile n calendarulce le era necesar att n respectarea ritualurilorreligioase ct i n activitile lor curente,n special a celor agricole. Toate se bazau

pe aprofundate cunotine de matematic iastronomie.

Nu este deci de mirare c la numaicteva secole, tot de pe aceste meleaguri seva nate calendarul pe care ntreaga omenirel folosete astzi.

Suntem n secolul al VI-lea i problemacalendarului era nc nerezolvat. Curia

papal se decide s pun capt acestei dicileprobleme adresndu-se celor mai mari erudiiai vremii pentru a gsi cele mai bune soluiin stabilirea unui sistem calendaristic ct mai

corect. Aa intr n istorie una dintre cele maiinteresante personaliti ale epocii, care aveas se dovedeasc de dou ori geniu: clugrulde la Tomis, Dionisie cel Mic.

A fost geniu pentru c el este cel cruiai-a venit ideea de a introduce, ca origine anumerotrii anilor, anul naterii lui IisusHristos, ceea ce va acceptat ncetul cuncetul de toat lumea, indiferent de religie.Dar a fost geniu i pentru c, dei trecuser

peste cinci secole de la naterea lui Iisus,reuete s aprecieze acest moment cu o


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that even today we can not tell precisely thebirth year of our Lord.

In conclusion, we can say that the studyof chronology reached unique achievementson our territory, both through the Dacians,who calculated a very precise calendar, aswe know it from the Ist IInd centuries, andthrough the set up of the nowadays universalcalendar, only a few centuries later and a fewhundreds kilometers further.

We only have to keep carefullywhatever is left from that periods testimoniesand to carry on the research, in the benet of

the entire mankind.

aproximaie de numai 4-7 ani, eroare extremde mic dac ne gndim la posibilitile pecare le avea n acea vreme i la faptul c niciastzi nu cunoatem cu exactitate momentulnaterii Mntuitorului.

Iat deci c putem spune astzicu certitudine c pe meleagurile noastrecronologia a atins performane unice, att

prin calcularea unui calendar extrem de precisla daci, cel puin aa cum l cunoatem dinsecolele I-II, ct i prin stabilirea calendaruluiuniversal de azi la numai cteva secole maitrziu i la cteva sute de kilometri distan.

Nu ne rmne dect s pstrm cu grijtot ce a rmas din mrturiile acelei epoci is continum studiul lor n beneciul ntregii

umaniti.


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David Reu

PIETRELE DACILOR

SOCOTESC

Repere pentru istoria civilizaiei

Spunea Rousseau: Astronomiaeste profesorul de civilizaie al omenirii.n altarele timpului, pietrele geto-dacilorsocotesc. Ele sunt borne astronomice.

Urcam la Grditea Muncelului, pen-

tru a lma la nceputul anilor 80 iscoditoriiCuteztori ai Casei Pionierilor din Deva,condui de eminentul profesor de istorie dinOrtioara de Sus, directorul Viorel Mano-lescu. Am neles atunci ceea ce vei bnuii voi de la prima excursie, c SOARELEde ANDEZIT este o imens busol i celedou SANCTUARE CIRCULARE trebuies e ROTONDA MARE A SOARELUI iROTONDA MIC A LUNII.

Mare v va bucuria cnd, citindaceast carte v vei convinge c lucrurilestau chiar aa. Cnd vorbim despre Zalmoxetrebuie s dm crezare lui Herodot carescria: mi se pare ns c el a trit cu muliani nainte de Pitagora. Fie Zalmoxis om, orivreo divinitate....

E cazul s ridicm fruntea din miturilejefuirii i sacricrii, impunndu-ne cutezanai nelepciunea ce ne-au fost transmise destrmoi. Acolo, la Grditea Muncelului, peTerasa Sacr m-am lsat dus de gnduri: ici de mii de ani treceau / n tot attea clipe.M-a dus gndul spre vremea lui Zalmoxe,cu cca 700 de ani nainte de Hristos, cndneleptul preot se iniia n socotelile trecerilorde timp ale regilor-preoi ai lui Amon, nTeba. tim c o parte din cunotinele saleastronomice, getul Zalmoxis ar deprins-ode la egipteni. Sau c ... se spune c la geieste cinstit Cronos i c el poart numele

Zalmoxis (La greci Cronos, ind divinitatea

David Reu

DACIAN STONES CANCOUNT

Reference points along the history ofcivilization

Rousseau said Astronomy is theteacher of civilization for the mankind. Inthe altars of time, the Dacian stones count.They are astronomical milestones.

We were climbing onto Graditea

Muncelului, in the early 80s, in order to shoota lm about the Pioneers House from

Deva, having the eminent History ProfessorViorel Manolescu as our leader. I understoodthat the hard rock sun is a huge compass andthat the two circular sanctuaries must be TheGreat Circular Sanctuary of the Sun and TheSmall Circular Sanctuary of the Moon.

You will gladly discover, while readingthis book, that the facts are real. When we

talk about Zalmolxis, we have to believeHerodotus, who wrote: but it seems to methat he had lived long before Pythagoras. Be

Zalmoxis human, or a kind of God2It is appropriate to raise our foreheads

out of myths about plundering andslaughtering, asserting ourselves the courageand wisdom that we had received from ourancestors. There, at Gradistea Muncelului,on The Sacred Terrace, I remembered: Andthousands of years / Were passing awayduring thousands of moments. I thoughtabout the time of Zalmoxis, about 700

years before Christ, when the wise priestwas initiated in counting the time of thekings - priests of Amun, in Thebes. We knowthat some of his astronomical knowledge,

Zalmoxis would have probably learnedfrom the Egyptians. We know that ... it issaid that the Getae worship Cronos and thathe is called Zalmoxis (the Greek Kronos

was the primary god of the time).


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primordial a timpului).Mi-l imaginez pe acel Prim Preane-

lept, pe Zalmoxe, cel din fruntea irului depreanelepi cu acest nume, om ales al aces-tor meleaguri Carpato-Danubiano-Pontice,

devenit Preot, Rege i Zeu, ca ind genial ifrumos precum Eminescu, dar nclinat sprepoezia matematicii, sau ca Brncui, Enescu,Coand i ali exponeni ai spiritului nostruinegalabil, ai potenelor noastre att de nalte.

Vizitnd Templul lui Amon, la Karnak,am sesizat asemnri frapante cu credinai practicile dacilor. Aici Regele Zeu, Zeulascuns, avea u pe Honsu zeu lunar. DespreAmon, este cunoscut rolul determinant pe

care marii si preoi l-au jucat n numeroasernduri n stat... preoii si vor gsi chiarposibilitatea s se instituie, ctva timp ca regii s guverneze prin intermediul oracoluluizeului lor...

Acolo, la Kamak, m-am gndit laZalmoxe i Deceneu.

Strabon spune despre domnia getuluiBurebista, c ...spre a ine n ascultare

poporul el i-a luat ajutor pe Deceneu... carertcise mult vreme prin Egipt....

n aceast carte, din cercetrileprofesorului Constantin Bejgu vei nelegec descifrnd semnicaiile Rotondei Micide la Sarmizegetusa-Regia, putem admitec Zalmoxe a trit ntr-o epoc n care aveacum s cunoasc n aciune regulile Regilor-Preoi ai lui Amon la Teba (distrugereaacestora producndu-se abia n 664 naintede Christos, de ctre asirieni, moment ce

marcheaz apusul religiei lui Amon).Modelul participrii la conducerea

statului i prelucrarea experienei calendaruluiSotiac egiptean permit admiterea ipotezeiautorului, cu privire la epoca lui Zalmoxe.

Evident, modelele sunt aplicate cuoriginalitatea specic geto-dacilor, careraporteaz totul, cu genialitate la propriaexperien.

Preoii iniiai ai Marelui Preot

Zalmoxe aveau s mpresoare ntreg teritoriulgeto-dac cu sanctuare n care este evident

I can imagine this most wise Zalmoxis,the most powerful name, this absolutely

particular man in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic lands, a Priest, a King and God,

brilliant and beautiful as Eminescu, attractedby the poetry of mathematics, a genius likeBrancusi or Enescu, Coanda and otherrepresentatives of our peerless spirit, of ourhigh potential.

Visiting the Temple of Amon, at Karnak,I noticed striking similarities in the Dacianbelief and traditions. Here, the King-God, theHidden God, had a son Honsu, the Godof the Moon. About Amon, it is known the

determinant role that his priests had playedmany times. For a while, they would even actas kings, governing the country through theoracle of their god

There, at Karnak, I thought aboutZalmoxis and Deceneu.

Strabon (op. cit.) tells about the reignof Burebista, that ...in order to keep his

people in obedience, he took Deceneu to behis help, ...who had wondered along Egypt

for a long time...In this book, the research of Professor

Constantin Bejgu, will let us understand thatby deciphering the meaning of the Small

Rotunda at Sarmizegetusa Regia, we canadmit that Zalmoxis lived in a time whenhe could have known the rules of Amons

Kings-Priests in action, at Thebes (as theirdestruction took place not before 664 beforeChrist, by the Assyrians, moment that marks

the fall of Amons religion).The model of participation in the state

governing and processing experience in theEgyptian Sotiac calendar allows us to admitthe authors hypothesis regarding the time of

Zalmoxis. Obviously, the models are appliedin the specic original Dacian way, whobrilliantly reported everything to their ownexperience.

Illuminated priests of the High Priest

Zalmoxis would build all over the Getic-Dacian territory sanctuaries where the


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preocuparea de a msura timpul (Pecica,Dolinean, Btca Doamnei, Popeti, Racoi,Costeti de Hunedoara etc.)

Dar, pentru a nelege i explica acestesanctuare-calendar de mare originalitate, atrebuit s se conjuge efortul de inteligenal multor generaii de arheologi, ingineri,matematicieni, loso.

i, cineva trebuia s adune la un loc,s analizeze i s ptrund geniul originalzamolxian, pentru a ne face fericiii beneciariai acestui secret iniiatic de nsemntatecultural aparte pentru omenire.

Acesta avea s e Constantin Bejgu,nscut la 7 august 1942 n satul Btrni, delng Vlenii de Munte.

Constantin Bejgu a absolvit Facultateade Filosoe i era profesor de logopedie lacoala General nr. 1 din Buteni (Casa decopii 9 Mai.

Tat a trei copii minunai, un biat idou fete, so iubitor al unei generoase idevotate soii, Constantin Bejgu s-a stins

prea devreme, n 1999, lsnd o oper ceva permite celor ce neleg c sunt urmai aidacilor, mndria i obligaia de a demni de

excelena naintailor.Constantin Bejgu ne dovedete cfr cunoaterea civilizaiei dacice nu se potnelege multe enigme tiinice ale lumiiantice.

E drept c multor arheologi nu le placdemonstraiile pluridisciplinare, dar trebuies recunoatem c descoperirea arheologic(ntmpltoare sau asiduu lucrat) este un

bun al ntregii culturi, i trebuie deschis

studiului i interpretrii din variate unghiuri,cu multiple cunotine.Am fost martorul dicultii cu care unii

arheologi rein socoteli de genul 6 x 7 = 42 i42 x 7 = 294, adic 295 1, 295 ind numrulde zile dintr-o decad lunar (de 29,5 zile x10).

Eu am propus, n lucrrile prezentatela simpozioanele Asociaiei Oamenilorde tiin, ca numeraia construit prinobservaii ndelungi, notat ntr-un fel sau

altul (pe lemn, n piatr, n aliniamente-

concern to measure time is obvious (Pecica,Dolinean, Batca Doamnei, Popesti, Racosi,Costesti - Hunedoara, etc.).

But in order to understand and to explainthese very original sanctuaries-calendars, theeffort of several generations of archaeologists,engineers, mathematicians, philosophers hadto be put together.

And someone had to do this - to analyzeand to understand Zamolxian original genius,and make us lucky beneciaries of this initiated

secret of a special cultural signicance for allmankind.

This would be Constantin Bejgu, bornon August 7, 1942, in a village near Valeniide Munte.

Constantin Bejgu graduated inPhilosophy and was a speech therapist atSchool no. 1 in Buteni.

Father of three wonderful children,a boy and two girls, a loving husband of a

generous and devoted wife, Constantin Bejgudied too early, in 1999, leaving a work thatwill allow those who understand that they aredescendants of the Dacians, to be proud and

worthy of their ancestors excellence.Constantin Bejgu proves thatunderstanding the Dacian civilization bringsto the understanding of many scienticmysteries of the ancient world.

It is true that many archaeologists donot like multidisciplinary demonstrations, butwe must admit that archaeological ndings(incidentally or by assiduous work) are a

property of the entire culture, and should be

studied and interpreted from various angles,by multiple knowledge.I saw the difculty of some archaeologists

in recognizing that 6 x 7 = 42 and 42 x 7 =294, meaning 295 - 1, where 295 representsthe number of days in a mooon decade (29.5days x 10).

In the papers presented at symposiaof the Association of Romanian Scientists, I

proposed that numeration, built up by longobservations, noted in one way or another

(on wood, stone, in alignments-notch, in


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rboj, pe bronz, n coliere-calendar etc.), se inclus ntre vestigiile activitii umane,oferind dovezi sigure despre viaa materiali spiritual.

Piesa arheologic i trstura caracte-

ristic au, n cazul acesta, nelesuri speciale,n sensul referirii necesare la numeraia pecare o slujesc. Numeraia calendarului ge-to-dacic impune cifre simple ca 7 (numrulzilelor dintr-o sptmn), 6 (numrul ciclu-rilor oferite de calendarul lunar), 4 (numrulanotimpurilor), 13 (numrul de sptmnidintr-un anotimp), 52 (numrul de sptmnidintr-un an solar vulgar) etc. etc. Toate acestenumere sunt exprimate prin piese arheologi-

ce lemn, piatr etc.Numeraia face parte din vestigiileactivitii umane ca URM NOIONAL!

Documentata lucrare a regretatuluicercettor C. Bejgu apeleaz la multeexemple ce dovedesc acest lucru.

Personal, mai adaug unul important.Din informaiile pe care le-am primit de laDr. Arheolog Silviu Sanie cu ani n urm,rezult c, la Btca Doamnei, lng Piatra

Neam, au fost dezvelite patru iruri de cte

ase plinte, lucrarea ind ntrerupt din lipsacondiiilor de conservare corespunztoare.Dar, se aprecia c sanctuarul ar contiua nvale cu cele patru iruri completate cu cteapte plinte ecare. Evident, e vorba de unsanctuar cu patru iruri de cte treisprezece

plite ecare, deci n total cu 52 piese.Urma noional (4 x 13 = 52) ne duce i

aici la gndul c este notat un posibil numrde sptmni ale anului solar vulgar, ca la

Costeti (Hd.) i Sarmizegetusa Regia.

tiu c cercettorul Constantin Bejguera apreciat de regretatul Academicianarheolog Hadrian Daicoviciu, deAcademician Dr. arheolog AlexandruVulpe, Dr. arheolog Vasile Boronean,de arheolog Victor Teodorescu cu carea colaborat, i ali arheologi de renume,care apreciaz importana cercetrilor

plur idisciplinare pentru progresul oricreitiine.

bronze, in necklaces-calendars etc...) shouldbe included among the vestiges of humanactivity, providing reliable evidence aboutmaterial and spiritual life.

Archaeological items and the

characteristic feature have, in this case,special meanings regarding the necessaryreference to the numeration they serve.Getic-Dacian calendar numeration (numberof items and their meaning) requires simple

gures, like 7 (number of days in a week),6 (number of courses offered by the lunarcalendar), 4 (number of seasons), 13 (numberof weeks in a season), 52 (number of weeks ina common solar year) etc...

All these numbers are expressed inarchaeological items - wood, stone, etc.

Numeration is part of the remains of humanactivity, as A NOTIONAL TRACE!

This documented work of C. Bejgubrings many examples that prove it.

I would add the following(): from theinformation I received from Silviu Sanie,

Dr. archaeologist, some years ago, we cansee that four rows of six plinths each have

been unveiled at Batca Doamnei, near PiatraNeam, but the work was stopped because ofunappropriate storage conditions. It probablywould countinue to the valley, having its fourrows completed with seven plinths each.Obviously, this is a sanctuary with fourrows of thirteen plinths each, so a total of52 pieces. The notional trace (4 x 13 = 52)leads us to think that here a possible numberof weeks in the common solar year had been

calculated as at Costeti and SarmisegetusaRegia

I know that Constantin Bejgu wasappreciated by the late Acad. archaeologist

Hadrian Daicoviciu, by Dr. Acad.archaeologist Alexandru Vulpe, by the

Dr. archaeologist Vasile Boronean, bythe archaeologist Victor Teodorescu whohe had worked with, and other leadingarchaeologists, who appreciate the

importance of multidisciplinary research forthe progress of any science.


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Ca fost asistent universitar la catedrade Geometrie descriptiv a Politehnicii dinBucureti, am prelucrat datele arheologiceoferite de medicul arheolog Ion HoraiuCrian, despre Rotonda de la Pecica, stabilindconcluzii pe care Constantin Bejgu le-afolosit n cercetarea sa, aspect consemnat n

prezenta lucrare.

nelegnd rolul numeraiei ca vesti-giu noional arheologic, am constatat c cele104 blocuri de andezit ce nconjoar Mare-le Sanctuar circular de pe platforma Sacr aSarmizegetusei Regia noteaz dublul anuluisolar vulgar n sptmni (52 x 2 = 104),i nu secolele dacice, cum credea Acad.Constantin Daicoviciu i chiar autorii brao-

veni ai unei lucrri pe aceast tem.

Precizarea mea a fost apreciat deAcad. Nicolae Teodorescu i admis deConstantin Bejgu n lmul documentar-tiinic pe care l-am realizat ca regizor laStudioul Cinematograc Alexandru Sahia(azi Sahia Film) Calendarul geto-dacic.

Numeraia (1989)

Iat paragraful respectiv din comenta-riul lmului, scris mpreun: Vestigiile arhe-ologice indic, n inelul exterior al MareluiSanctuar de la Sarmizegetusa Regia, cifra de104 ca reprezentnd numrul blocurilor de

piatr bine fasonate. Regizorul lmului men-ioneaz c acesta este un posibil argumentn favoarea numrului de 52 sptmni dinanul dacic, dovedind concentrarea aici a n-tregului rboj-calendar. Apare evident pre-

ocuparea pentru corecii la sfritul cicluluide 84 sptmni cuprinse ntr-o perioad cedubleaz anul, adic 104 sptmni.

Concluzia cercettorului C. Bejgu cuprivire la durata anului, obinut de daci,poate s e prezentat n formula

t = 13(364 + 2) + 8 x 364 = 365,238 zile21

Aceasta este citirea matematico-calen-daristic a numeraiei din Marele SanctuarCircular al Sarmizegetusei: opernd 13

corecii de cte 2 zile n plus (extra-calenda-

As a former assistant at the Departmentof Descriptive Geometry, at Bucharest

Polytechnic Institute, I worked on allarchaeological data provided by Ion HoratiuCrisan, an archaeologist doctor, about the

Rotunda from Pecica, and I settled somendings that Constantine Bejgu used in hisresearch (see this issue7).

Understanding the role of numerationas a notional archaeological vestige, we foundthat all 104 hard rock blocks surroundingthe Grand Round Sanctuary on the Sacred

platform at Sarmizegetusa Regia, recordedtwice of the vulgar solar year, in weeks (52 x2 = 104), and not the Dacian centuries asConstantin Daicoviciu thought as well as the

authors of a paper on this subject, publishedin Braov.

My indication was assessed by Acade-mician Nicolae Teodorescu and admitted byConstantin Bejgu in the lm The Getic

Dacian Calendar. The Number of Items andTheir Meaning (The Numeration)(1989)

a scientic documentary that I made as adirector at Alexandru Sahia Studios (nowSahialm).

Heres the subparagraph of thecomment to the lm: The archaeologicalremains indicate in the outer ring of theGrand Sanctuary of Sarmizegetusa Regia the

gure 104 as the number of the well-shapedstone blocks. The director of the lm statedthat this could be a possible argument forthe 52-weeks Dacian year, showing here theconcentration of the entire notch-schedule.The concern for corrections at the end of an

84-weeks cycle within a doubling year period(meaning 104 weeks) is obvious.The researchers conclusion on the

year duration, obtained by the Dacians, canbe presented by the formula:

t = 13(364 + 2) + 8 x 364 = 365,238 days21

This is the mathematical-calendarreading of numeration in the Great CircularSanctuary at Sarmizegetusa: - operating

13 corrections every 2 days extra (extra


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ristice) la ecare 84 sptmni, obinem 13ani de 366 zile, ceilali 8 ani (pn la ciclulcomplet de 21 ani ai coreciilor) rmnnd de364 zile. Aceasta nseamn c n cadrul ciclu-lui complet se obin anii cu durata medie de

365,238 zile.

Astfel, opernd cu zile ntregi, daciireueau s obin fraciunile necesareapropierii de anul tropic, aproximat n aceavreme la 365,42 zile.

tim c, dup primele spturi, Acad.Arheolog Hadrian Daicoviciu apreciase greit(cum o recunoatea chiar el) c 68 or fost,

numrul stlpilor ce nconjoar Potcoava dinMarele Sanctuar Circular. Ulterior avea srepare aceast greeal, avertiznd autoriide la Braov ai ipotezelor greite bazate peaceast numeraie c trebuie s-i revizuiasctoate calculele. Cred c asemenea situaii audus la pierderea ncrederii i deci a interesului

pentru descifrarea semnicaiilor numericedin Sanctuare.

Precizez ns c nainte ca acad. arheologHadrian Daicoviciu s corecteze numrul

stlpilor din cercul ce nconjoar potcoavaMarelui Sanctuar Circular, cercettorul C.Bejgu fcea socoteli cu numrul de 84 destlpi, folosind aceast cifr ca ind cerutde numeraia arheoastronomic, deoarecenu poate dect dublul lui 42 (numrulsptmnilor din decada vulgar a lunaiilor).Precizarea arheologic a Acad. HadrianDaicoviciu, c n sit erau 84 de urme, aveas conrme justeea denirii numeraiei ca

vestigiu noional arheoastronomic.n Asociaia Oamenilor de tiin din

Romnia (A.O..), al crui preedinte eraAcad. Nicolae Teodorescu, secretar Generalal Uniunii Balcanice a Matematicienilori Preedinte al Societii de tiineMatematice din Romnia, am conduso perioad, ca secretar, Comisia pentruinvestigarea pluridisciplinar a istoriei iarheologiei, prezidat de Dr. arheolog Vasile

Boronean, Directorul Muzeului de Istorieal Municipiului Bucureti i Dr. astronom

calendar) at every 84 weeks, we get 13 yearsof 366 days each, the remaining 8 years (untilthe complete cycle of 21 years of corrections)having only 364 days each. This meansthat the complete cycle is obtained with the

average years of 365.238 days.

Thus, operating with completedays, the Dacians were able to obtain thenecessary fractions approaching the tropic

year, approximated in that period of time to365.42 days.

We know that after the rst excavati-on, archaeologist Acad. Hadrian Daicoviciumiscalculated (as he himself admitted) to 68

the number of columns surrounding the Hor-seshoe of the Great Circular Sanctuary. Sub-sequently he would x this mistake, warningthe authors from Brasov of a wrong theorybased on this erroneous calculation, that they

should have review all their calculations. Ithink such situations led to loss of condenceand therefore of interest to decipher the nu-merical signicance of the Sanctuaries.

Before Acad archaeologist HadrianDaicoviciu had corrected the number of

columns surrounding the Grand CircularSanctuary, researcher C. Bejgu used thenumber of 84 columns in calculationsrequired by the archeo-astronomicalnumeration, as 84 can only be the double of42 (number of weeks in the vulgar decadeof lunations). Acad Hadrian Daicoviciuindicates the number of 84 marks within the

site, and this was to conrm the correctnessof the denition of numeration as a notional

archeo-astronomical relic.Within the Association of the

Romanian Scientists, today called theAcademy of Sciences, whose chairmanwas Academician Nicolae Teodorescu,Secretary General of the Balkan Union of

Mathematicians and President of the Societyof Mathematical Sciences in Romania, Iheaded over, as a secretary, the Commission

for multidisciplinary investigation of

history and archeology, chaired by Dr.archaeologist Basil Boronean, director of


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Magda Stavinschi, directoarea InstitutuluiAstronomic al Academiei Romne, comisien care profesorul Constantin Bejgu activa cumult contiinciozitate (g. 2, g. 3).

n anii 199l-l992 i 1993 am organizatexpediii tiinice la Sanctuarele dacice de laCosteti-Hunedoara i Sarmizegetusa Regia.

]La expediia din 1992 a participat ioctogenarul academician Nicolae Teodorescu,arheologii doctori n tiine Alexandru Vulpei Vasile Boronean, directoarea Muzeuluidin Deva, arheolog Adriana Rusu, arheologVictor Teodorescu din Ploieti i cercettoriapreciai pentru studiul pluridisciplinar al

arheologiei, ca ing. gral. locotenent (r) VasileDragomir, ing. Fl. C. Stnescu, arhitect SilviaPun, astronomii dr. Dorin Chi, dr. TiberiuOproiu, Irina Predeanu, Petre Popescu, ing.Speolog Ic Giurgiu, ing. Paul Tonciulescu,Luca Manta precum i cercettori din Direciade specialitate a Armatei.

La expediia din 1993, a participat iprofesorul Clive Ruggles de la UniversitateaLeicester Anglia, preedintele Conferine-lor Internaionale OXFORD pentru arheoas-tronomie, la invitaia Asociaiei Oamenilorde tiin, a Comisiei Naionale UNESCO

pentru Romniei, n nelegere cu Societa-tea tiinelor Matematice, Institutului deAstronomie i Institutului de Geodinamicale Academiei Romne, precum i cu Consi-

liul Local Judeean Hunedoara, Muzeul Ar-heologic Deva, Direcia Patrimoniului dinMinisterul Culturii i Ministerul LucrrilorPublice i Amenajrii Teritoriului.

Aceast aciune a Asociaiei Oamenilorde tiin continua contactele academicienilorGrigore Moisil i Nicolae Teodorescu cuROYAL SOCIETY clin Anglia n 1970,cnd s-a organizat n Romnia seminarulcomun Matematica n sprijinul istoriei i

arheologiei.

the History Museum of Bucharest and Dr.astronomer Magda Stavinschi, director ofthe Astronomical Institute of the Romanian

Academy a committee where ProfessorConstantin Bejgu was very active.

Between 199l-l992 and 1993 weorganized scientic expeditions to the

Dacian sanctuaries at Costesti- Hunedoaraand Sarmizegetusa Regia.

On the expedition in 1992, notable na-mes participated, as the octogenarian Aca-demician Nicolae Teodorescu, the archae-ologists and doctors of science AlexandruVulpe and Vasile Boronean, the directressof the Museum of Deva, archaeologist Adri-ana Rusu, the archaeologist Victor Teodo-

rescu from Ploieti together with well-knownresearchers in the multidisciplinary studyof archeology General engineer lt. Vasile

Dragomir, eng. Fl. C. Stnescu, architect Sil-via Pun, the astronomers Dr. Dorin Chi,

Dr. Tiberiu Oproiu, Irina Predeanu, PetrePopescu, eng. speologist Ic Giurgiu, eng.Paul Tonciulescu, Luca Manta and resear-chers from the specialized Departament inthe Army.

On the expedition in 1993, professorClive Ruggles from the Universityof Leicester England, was invited to

participate. He was the president of theInternational OXFORD Conferences forarcheo-astronomy, being invited by of the

Association of the Romanian Scientists andof the National Commission for UNESCO,in agreement with the Mathematical SciencesSociety, the Astronomy Institute and the

Institute of Geodynamics of RomanianAcademy, together with the Local Council ofHunedoara, the Archaeological Museum inDeva, the Heritage Division of the Ministryof Culture and Ministry of Public Works andTown Planning.

This action was meant to continuethe contacts that acad. Grigore Moisil and

Nicolae Teodorescu had with the BritishROYAL SOCIETY in 1970, when Romaniaheld in the joint seminar Mathematics in

support of history and archeology.


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Expediia s-a transformat ntr-un realcolocviu internaional despre cunotineletiinice ale dacilor.

Doctorul arheoastronom Clive Rugglesa apreciat contribuia cercettorilor membri a

Asociaiei Oamenilor de tiin la descifrareacunotinelor astronomice ale dacilor.Domnia sa a rostit cuvinte ncurajatoare: Amcunoscut un numr de situri arheologice...i o seama de arheoastronomi, care m-auimpresionat foarte mult...

Arheoastronomia, n cei 30 de ani deexisten a nvat s fie reticent, aflndu-se la intersecia multor discipline... Uneleipoteze prezentate aici mau impresionat

n mod deosebit E important c ne-amcunoscut i trebuie s continum discuiile.Sunt ncurajatoare inteniile ce avei dea face eforturi pentru a conserva i folosiaceste date. Este evident necesitateaparticiprii la aceasta a comunitiiinternaionale n beneficiul civilizaiei...

Ca urmare, mai muli cercettori dinRomnia am devenit membri ai SEAC(Socit Europene pour lAstronomie dans

la Culture). (g. 5)Membrii A.O.., ntre care profesorul

Bejgu au inut nenumrate prelegeri desprecunotinele tiinice ale dacilor n coli,faculti, case de cultur, asociaii tiinice(g. 6).

mpreun am semnat n 1992 APELULavertisment adresat instituiilor supremeale Statului, prin care se cereau msuriurgente pentru conservarea i valoricarea

monumentelor dacice, apel pe care l redmaici, cumeniunea c are i azi aceeaiactualitate i nsemntate. (g. 7)

Comisia pentru Investigarea Pluri-disciplinar a Istoriei i Arheologiei a Aso-ciaiei Oamenilor de tiin din Romniaa reunit n cadrul EXPEDIIEI COLOC-VIU intitulata Cunotine tiinifice aledacilor personaliti de diverse speciali-ti din instituii implicate n cercetarea i

afirmarea valorilor spirituale.

The expedition turned into a real in-ternational colloquium on the scienticknowledge of the Dacians.

PhD. archeo-astronomer CliveRuggles appreciated the contribution of

the Romanian researchers in revealing theastronomical knowledge of the Dacians.He spoke encouraging words: I met anumber of archaeological sites ... andsome archeo-astronomers, who impressedme very much ...

In the last 30 years, the archeo-astronomy learned to be reluctant, beinglocated at the intersection of severaldisciplines ... Some hypotheses presented

here particularly impressed me very much.It is important that we have met and we needto continue our debates. Your intentionsto make efforts for preserve and use thesedata are very encouraging. The need ofthe international community to participatein this, for the benefit of civilization, isobvious ...

As a result, many Romanianresearchers have become members of SEAC(Socit Europenne pour lAstronomie dans

la culture). (Fig. 5)The Romanian Association mem-

bers, including Prof. Bejgu, held numero-us lectures in schools, colleges, houses ofculture, and scientic associations on sci-entic knowledge of the Dacians (Fig. 6).

Together we signed in 1992 a WarningCall, addressed to the supreme institutions ofState, which demanded urgent measures forthe conservation and enhancement of the Da-

cian monuments. The text can be read here,with the specication that it has the same va-lue and signicance even today. (Fig. 7)

The Commission for the Multidisci-plinary Investigation of History and Arche-ology within the Association of the Roma-nian Scientists brought together many speci-alists from different areas of study, workingin different institutions involved in resear-ching and asserting spiritual values, within

the COLLOQUIUM - EXPEDITION on thetopic Scientific knowledge of the Dacians.


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Aciunea a avut loc n intervalul 20-23 septembrie 1991, la Sarmizegetusa Re-gia i mprejurimi, nscriindu-se n irulde manifestri de acest gen, cum a fost ceaorganizat de redacia Buletinului Monu-mentelor Istorice mpreun cu arheologiidin zon, n iulie 1971.

Participanii la expediia noastr re-afirmau c vestigiile arheologice dacice dinMunii ureanu (Ortiei) reprezint unobiectiv de importan naional primordi-al i de deosebit interes tiinific universal.

Aceast importan i acest interesdecurg din concepia original a sistemu-lui constructiv de ansamblu, bazat pe cu-

notine tehnice i tiinifice de arhitectu-r, construcii, astronomie, matematic,medicin, metalurgie i militare, precumi din dovezile unei nalte viei spirituale.

Sunt aici prezente de asemenea ielemente ale convieuirii daco-romane.

Considerm ns de datoria noastrs semnalm c starea actual de conser-vare i valorificare a acestor vestigii estetotal necorespunztoare, ameninnd cu

degradarea i distrugerea lor iminent.Lucrrile de restaurare i consolidare aufost ntrerupte de decenii, prin sistareafinanrii Factorii naturali acioneaz di-structiv asupra monumentelor, n care secontinu spturile pentru investigaiifr msuri de protejare i consolidare,datorit lipsei de fonduri. La acestea seadaug i condiiile ineficiente de supra-veghere i paz; accesul este necontrolat

starea i integritatea pieselor sunt nesu-pravegheate.Fa de cele mai sus artate, reinn-

du-ne cu greu strigtul de maxim ngrijo-rare, facem un struitor apel pentru:

- promovarea de urgen a unei le-gislaii speciale n vederea declarrii an-samblului monumentelor dacice din Mun-ii ureanu (Ortiei) precum i a mediu-lui nconjurtor, ca REZERVAIE NAI-ONAL, cu toate msurile ce decurg de

aici;

The action took place between 20-23September 1991, at Sarmizegetusa Regia andsurroundings, being one of the events of thistype, such as the one organized in July 1971,by the Bulletin of the Historical Monuments,

together with local archaeologists.The participants in our expedition

reaffirmed that Dacian archaeologicalrelics from Sureanu Mountains (Ortie)represent an overriding element of nationalimportance and of great scientific interestworldwide.

This importance and interest arisefrom the original concept of the overallsystem design, based on technical and

scientific knowledge of architecture,engineering, astronomy, mathematics,medicine, metallurgy and military, as wellas from the evidence of a high spiritual life.There are also evidences of Dacian-Romanco-existence.

However, we consider our duty to flagout that the current state of conservationand recovery of these relics is entirelyinappropriate, threatening with their

imminent degradation and destruction.Restoration and consolidation wasinterrupted for decades, by the cease of

financing. Destructive natural factors act onthe monuments, where the excavations arecontinued in order to investigate without the

protection and enhancement measures, dueto lack of funds. To all these, there are to beadded ineffective monitoring and securityconditions; the access is uncontrolled and

the condition and integrity of the remainsare totally unattended.To all those shown above, deeply

concerned, we make an insistent call for:

- immediate promoting of specialemergency legislation to declare the

Dacian ensemble monuments at SureanuMountains (Ortie) and the environment,as a NATIONAL RESERVE, with all themeasures resulting from this;


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- asigurarea mijloacelor de organi-zare, materiale i financiare n vederea ela-borrii i realizrii unui proiect naionalde protejare, salvare, investigare, restau-rare, conservare i valorificare tiinific

pluridisciplinar a vestigiilor geto-dacice.n acest sens propunem ca primobiectiv i de maxim urgen COMPLE-XUL SARMIZEGETUSA-REGIA, cerndincluderea lui pe lista de prioriti absolutea UNESCO pentru CONVENIA PATRI-MONIULUI MONDIAL, deoarece prinvaloarea comunicrii, acest vestigiu nscriespiritualitatea dacic n circuitul universalal vremii, oferind informaii importante

pentru istoria culturii i civilizaiilor.Acest apel a fost amplu difuzat npres (g. 4). Ne-am bucurat cnd MinisterulLucrrilor Publice i Amenajrii Teritoriuluielabora, pentru 1994-l995, STUDIULmultidisciplinar pentru protecie i protejarea zonelor arheologice din Munii Ortiei.(Fig. 10)

Menionez nc odat c acest apel afost fcut n anul 1992! n prezent cele asefortree (Sarmizegetusa Regia, Luncani-

Piatra Roie, Costeti-Blidaru, Costeti-Cetuie, Cplna i Bnia), care au formatsistemul defensiv al lui Decebal, fac parte dinPatrimoniul Cultural Mondial UNESCO.

***

- Providing the means of organizing,material and financial resources in order todevelop and implement a national project to

protect, rescue, investigate, restore, preserveand multidisciplinary scientifically recover

of the Getic-Dacian relics.In this regard, we claim that theCOMPLEX SARMIZEGETUSA REGIAshould be considered as the primary aimand emergency, asking for its inclusion onthe list of priorities of UNESCO WORLD

HERITAGE CONVENTION, because thisvestige includes Dacian spirituality in theuniversal time flow, providing importantinformation for cultural history and

civilizations.This call was widely spread in the press(Fig. 4). We were happy when the Ministryof Public Works and Territorial Developmentset up, for 1994-l995, a Multidisciplinarystudy for protection of the archaeologicalarea in Orastie Mountains. (Fig. 10)

I repeat that this call dates from theyear 1992. At present, the six fortresses(Sarmizegetusa Regia, Luncani-Piatra

Roie, Costeti-Blidaru, Costeti-Cetuie,Cplna i Bnia) that formed Decebalusdefensive system, belong to the UNESCOworld cultural patrimony.

***


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Prezentnd lucrarea cercettoruluiConstantin Bejgu, sunt convins c ofertiinei arheoastronomice un studiu valoros.mi ndeplinesc astfel i o obligaie de

prietenie, pe care sunt onorat s o dezvlui,citnd cteva rnduri din scrisoarea pe caremi-a adresat-o autorul la 20 septembrie1988: ... Ceea ce doresc s cunoatei estec lucrarea avanseaz dei mai greu, totuiavanseaz i datorez aceasta sprijinuluimai mult dect sincer i prietenesc pe caremi-l acordai. Pentru c numai dac lum n

seam posibilitatea pe care mi-ai oferit-oprin buna cunoatere a colierului i tot ansemnat pentru progresul acestei cercetrienorm de mult. Ce fericii sunt cercettorii,

care au sprijinul loial al unor foarte buniprieteni... Oricum ns lupta trebuie dus,iar dac dv. luptai alturi de mine pentrurealizarea acestui el, este foarte bine, cu attmai mult cu ct eu parc nu a mai dispunedeocamdat de resurse pentru a m luptacu ineria dogmatic att de duntoare

procesului cunoaterii... Poate c astzigndesc aa pentru c v tiu angajatntr-o btlie pe care ar trebuit s o duc

eu. Poate pentru c mi dai prin ceea cefacei, sigurana utilitii cu primordialitatea cercetrii n sine, poate c... Oricum, in

s v asigur c vom merge pn unde seva putea. Fapt pentru care v voi rmnerecunosctor pentru totdeauna. (g. 9)

A mrturisi c, dup mine, ConstantinBejgu avea chiar o statur i un chip specicdacilor, aa cum i cunoatem noi din baso-reliefurile Columnei Traiane i din reprodu-

cerile unor statui de pileai. Era un mare iu-bitor de excursii. De altfel, prima excursie laCosteti-Hunedoara i Sarmizegetusa Regiaa fcut-o pe motociclet cu soia. tia s puncortul, s fac fripturi la grtar, s pescuiasc,s culeag i s gteasc ciuperci, cum puinioameni tiu.

i plceau povetile, scenariile. Iatdou schie de scenarii pe care i le povesteamn excursii i apoi, deorece le apreciase, le-am comunicat la colocviile noastre.

1. Dup ce inginerul Florin C. Stnescu

Presenting the summary paper ofthe researcher Constantin Bejgu, I am surethat I provide science a valuable archaeo-astronomy study. I thus answer to a duty toa friend, that I am honored to disclose, byquoting several lines in the letter that I hadreceived from the author on September 20,1988: ... What I want you to know is that mywork is progressing - although more difcult,however, progressing - and I owe this to yourhonest and friendly support. Because if weonly take into account the possibility that youoffered me by knowing the necklace and all ofthis meant a lot to the research progress. Howhappy are those researchers who have the loyal

support of good friends! ... But the ght must

be waged anyway, and well succeed better ifyou join me in achieving this goal, especiallynow, when I dont have enough resources to

ght against this dogmatic inertia, so harmfulto the knowledge process ... Perhaps today

I think so because I know you are engagedin a battle which I should have fought. By

your action, you give me safety and utilityespecially regarding the research itself...

However, I assure you that well continue,

as far as possible. For which I will remainforever grateful to you. (Fig. 9)

I must confess that for me, Constantin()Bejgu had even a specic Dacian stand andface, as we know them from the bas-reliefson Trajans Column and from reproductions

of some statues. He loved hiking. Moreover,his rst trip to Costesti-Hunedoara andSarmizegetusa Regia was on his motorcycletogether with his wife. He knew to build atent, to grill steaks, to sh, to gather and cookmushrooms.

He enjoyed stories. Here are two draftsof scripts which I was telling him on our tripsand which, because he liked them, I havecommunicated to our meetings.

1. After Florin C. Stanescu, an engineer


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din Sibiu, cu ndrumarea arheologului IonGlodariu au fcut ca, prin ceaa unor pruden-e exagerate, s strbat razele SOARELUIDE ANADEZIT ale incintei sacre, cu posi-bilele lui semnicaii astronomice, s-a recu-

cerit pentru tiina strmoilor nordul perfect,echinociile i solstiiile, determinate n acestperimetru! Eu susineam c aceste semnica-ii nu exclud folosirea altarului pentru cult.Aa c propuneam scenarii, ca acesta: Desub lespezile de andezit, n timpul ceremoni-ilor curgea, ctre mulimea de sub deal, apaamestecat cu sngele rezultat din sacriciipe jgheaburi mari, cioplite din calcar....

Ceremoniile puteau prevesti fenomeneastronomice n stare s impresioneze oameniisimpli, cum sunt eclipsele. Mi-i imaginez

pe nemuritorii gei cum, (Herodot) trag cusgeile n sus spre cer i amenin divinitatea(care provoac aceste fenomene)... Dacrpirea astrului, ca semn divin, prevenit derege i preoii lui, era astfel zdrnicit,la ndemnul acestora, motivele credineii supunerii oarbe capt temei i pe aceastcale. Cultul lunar i cel solar primesc n

aceste situaii suport emoional.Dar implantarea soarelui de andezit aici

se datoreaz mai ales funciilor de modelarea timpului, n corelaie cu amplasamentele-calendar din jur.

S ne imaginm ce se petrece n jurulsoarelui de andezit la amiaz, cnd umbraindicatorului central cade pe limba altarului!

Preotul Suprem, nsoit de pileai, na-inteaz pe table de piatr din gresie rezis-

tent, lefuite cu grij strbtnd grdinilesuspendate ale aezrii. n faa altarului, eiconstat trecerea zilei, pe care iniiaii o con-semneaz n rbojul calendar.

n ordinea cerut de nsemntateazilei ncheiate, notarea se fcea ncepndcu aliniamentul patrulater A, pentru zi,sptmn, lun, trimestru... apoi n RotondaMare i n Rotonda Mic, pentru zile,sptmni, luni i ani.

Totul se opereaz n conformitate cusemnicaiile pieselor acestor sanctuare,

in Sibiu, with guidance form the archaeologistIon Glodariu, has cleared up through thefog of exaggerated caution, the rays of thehard rock sun of the sacred enclosure, withall its possible astronomical signicance,

the perfect North, the equinox and solstice,calculated for this area were recaptured forour ancestors science! I always claimed thatthese meanings do not exclude the use of theworship altar, so I suggested ideas like this:

From under the slabs of hard rock, duringceremonies, the water mixed with the bloodresulted from sacrice flowed toward thecrowd under the hill in large waterways,carved in limestone ... .

Ceremonies were able to foretellastronomical phenomena that would impressordinary people, such as eclipses. I imaginethe immortal Getae as shooting arrows up tothe sky and threatening divinity (responsible

for these phenomena)... If abduction of thecelestial body, as a divine sign, prevented bythe king and by his priests, was thus stoppedto their urge, blind faith and obediencebecome relevant this way. Worshipping themoon and the sun receive emotional support,

in these situations.But implanting here the hard rock sun

is mainly due to time-shaping functions,related to the surrounding sites.

Imagine what happened around thehard rock sun at noon, when the centralindicator shadow falls on the altar clock-hand!

The High Priest, accompanied by thenoble Dacians, step forward on strong

stone slabs, carefully polished through thehanging gardens of the settlement. In frontof the altar, they state the day shift, which thewise men score on the calendar.

According to the signicance of theday, the calendar is marked starting fromthe rectangular alignment A, for each day,week, month, quarter ... in the Great Rotundaand for days, weeks, months and years in theSmall Rotunda.

Everything is done in accordance withthe meanings of the pieces of these sanctuaries,


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aa cum reiese din lucrrile profesorului C.Bejgu.

Aceasta este numeraia n aciune!Amplasamentele i grdinile ce le nconjoar,sunt accesibile numai iniiailor. n jurulRotondei Mari, la cele 104 blocuri de andezitdin cercul A se socotesc sptmnile celor doiani vulgari de cte 52 de sptmni (2 x 52).

n restul zilei i nopii putem vedeape unul cercetnd poziia cerului... pe acestastudiind descreterea i scderea lunii, pecellalt observnd eclipsele soarelui....

2. Altdat, dup ce stabilisem structurageometric a Rotondei de la Pecica, am deciss ne-o imaginm refcut i introdus n

circuitul sacerdotal.Fiind ucenici, aai pe antierul

arheologic pentru iniiere, ptrundem nincinta sanctuarului fuit cu lut galben,

printre stlpii cei mai distanai, pe unde seintroduc vreascurile i micua cprioar,

pentru sacriciu.E noapte cu lun aproape plin.

ntreinem focul sacru n vatra de formoval nconjurat cu o gardin din pietre mari

de ru i ateptm sosirea Marelui Preot.Iat-l urcnd pe treptele din buteni enormiale fastuosului prleaz strmoesc. E urmatde civa pileai. Toi sunt mbrcai n alb.Dup ei vin cei iniiai n tainele sacerdotale.Costumele celor ce vin sunt gri nchis.

Ucenicii consemneaz situarea semne-lor indicatoare pentru 42 sptmni n dreptulstlpului de form patrulater, mpreun cusemnul ce noteaz al 6-lea ciclu de 10 lunaii.

Marele Preot consemneaz n modsolemn evenimentul, artnd c luna nu estenc rotunjit. El ridic una din cele trei sulieaate lng focul sacru, anunnd srbtoareacelor trei zile extra-calendaristice dedicatecultului lui Zalmoxe (60 lunaii corespundcelor cinci ani a dousprezece luni, uzualin oraele-state greceti, la care se referHerodot cnd vorbete despre trimitereasolilor la Zalmoxe, de ctre geto-daci).

Evenimentul este anunat de un btrn

care su n uier, un tub de os foarte

as shown in the work of Professor C. Bejgu.

This is numeration in action! Sites andtheir surrounding gardens are accessibleonly to the illuminated ones. Around theGreat Rotunda, for the 104 blocks of hardrock in the A circle they count two common

years of 52 weeks each (2 x 52).During the rest of the day and night

we can see one doing research on the skyposition, another one studying Moondecrease..., another one observing Suneclipses... .

2. Some other time, after we had statedthe geometric structure of the Rotunda at

Pecica, we decided to image it rebuilt and

inserted in the sacerdotal circuit.As disciples, on an esoteric

archaeological site, we get inside thesanctuary fashioned with yellow clay, amongthe most distant pillars, where the brushwoodis placed, together with the little deer to be

sacriced.Its almost full moon night. We

maintain the sacred re in the oval hearthsurrounded by a large river stone chime

and wait for the arrival of the High Priest.Here he is climbing the enormous log steps ofthe ancient pompous stile. He is followed by

some noble Dacians. All are dressed in white.The illuminated follow them, dressed in dark

gray clothes.The disciples note the location of

the indicators for 42 weeks in front of therectangular pillar, together with the signnoting the 6th round of 10 lunations each.

The High Priest solemnly records theevent, showing that the moon is not still ro-unded. He raises one of three spears near the

sacred re, announcing the holiday of thesethree extra-calendar days dedicated to thecult of Zalmoxis (60 lunations correspond to

ve years of twelve months each, very com-mon in Greek city-states, which Herodotusrefers to when speaking about sending mes-

sengers to Zalmoxis, by Getic-Dacians).The event is announced by an old man

blowing the whistle, a highly polished bone


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lefuit, ornamentat la o extremitate cu uncerc incizat.

A treia sear srbtorile continu,relundu-se cu intrarea Marelui Preot, a

preoilor i a celorlali iniiai. Sunt pregtite

trei sulie i se alege candidatul pentru a trimis sol la Zalmoxe. Acesta se dovedetea un talentat om de litere, (nu cercettor,nu regizor) i e invitat s-i citeasc versurile

pentru c e poet.Iniiaii ascult emoionai, apreciind c

n acest inut, Orfeu nu este singurul poet11i se pregtesc s-l arunce n suliele ridicatede oteni spre cerul pe care strlucete lunadeja plin, rotunjit.

Noi glumeam, apreciind c azi aceastcinste ar reveni cercettorilor tiinicipluridisciplinari.

Pregtind pentru tipar aceast lucrare,m gndesc la nenumratele creiereromneti care stpnesc magia matematiciii colind lumea armndu-se n modexemplar n software. Cred ntr-un aportromnesc excepional la dezvoltarea softuluiuniversal aici, la noi, acas, n aceastcivilizaie a ncifrrilor i descifrrilor cu

tradiie milenar.

NOTE1. Zalmoxe (strlucit, luminat, nvat) sau

Zamolxe (zeu tritor printre oameni,zeu pmntean) n nelegerea autorilor,conform deniiilor cunoscute.

2. Herodot (IV. 96), n Izvoare pentru

Istoria Romniei, vol. I, Bucureti,1964.

3. Iordanes Getica.4. Hellanicos Obiceiuri barbare

(Culegere, vol. I, p. 7).5, 6.Enciclopedia civilizaiei i artei

egiptene. Ed. Meridiane, Buc. 1974.7. 42 (numrul de sptmni dintr-o decad

lunar vulgar, unde numrul de zilee de 42x7=294), 295 (numrul de zile

dintr-o decad lunar real)

tube, ornamented with an incised circle atone end .

The third evening celebrationscontinue, by enter of the High Priest andthe other illuminated ones. Three spears are

ready and the candidate to be sent to Zalmoxisin chosen. He is a gifted man of letters, (not aresearcher, not a director) and he is invited toread his poetry - because he is a poet.

The insiders listen in excitement, sayingthat in this region, Orpheus is not the only

poet11, being prepared to throw him in thespears raised by the soldiers up to the sky,where the moon already shines, fully rounded.

Jokingly, we said that this honor would begiven nowadays to the multidisciplinaryresearchers.

Ready to print this paper, I am thinkingabout how many Romanian specialists,masters of the magic of mathematics, arewondering the world, rising to the topin software. I believe in an exceptional

Romanian contribution to universal softwaredevelopment here, at home, within ourcivilization with millenary tradition in

enciphering and deciphering.

NOTES

1. Zalmoxe (billiant, enlightened, erudite or Zamolxe a God living amongpeople, an earth-born God) accordingto the authors comprehension, and tothe known denitions.

2. Herodot (IV. 96), in Izvoare pentru

Istoria Romniei, vol. I, Bucharest,1964.

3. Iordanes Getica.4. Hellanicos Obiceiuri barbare

(Culegere, vol. I, p. 7).5, 6. Enciclopedia civilizaiei i artei

egiptene. Ed. Meridiane, Buc. 1974.7 .42 (the number of weeks in one monthly

decade, where the number of days is42x7=294), 295 (the number of days in

one monthly decade)


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8. Acta Mussei Napocensis 22-23, 85-86, p. 105-l47.

9. I.H. Crian Spiritualitatea geto-dacilor, Ed. Albatros, Buc, 86.

10. Herodot IV, 94.11. Ovidiu. Pont, II, 9, 5l-54.

12. Film documentar tiinic Calendarulgeto-dacic. Numeraia, Sahia Film 1989.

8. Acta Mussei Napocensis 22-23, 85-86, p. 105-l47.

9. I.H. Crian Spiritualitatea geto-dacilor, Ed. Albatros, Buc, 86.

10. Herodot IV, 94.11. Ovidiu. Pont, II, 9, 5l-54.

12. A documentary lm: Calendarul geto-dacic. Numeraia Sahialm 1989.


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The documentary THE GETIC-DACIAN CALENDAR. THENUMBER OF ITEMS AND

THEIR MEANING

SahiaFilm, 1989. Color, 13 min.

Romanian, English, French,Russian and German languages

Written and directed by David Reu

Film commentary:David Reu and Constantin Bejgu

Scientific advisory: Acad. Nicolae Teodor-escu (mathematics astronomy) and Dr.Alexandru Vulpe (archaeology ancient

history)

Filmul tiinificCALENDARUL GETO-DACIC, NUMERAIA

SahiaFilm, 1989. Color, 13 min.Limba romn, englez, francez,rus i german.

Scenariul i regia David Reu,

ComentariulDavid Reu i Constantin Bejgu.

Consultaia tiinific Acad. NicolaeTeodorescu (matematic-astronomie) i

Dr. Alexandru Vulpe (arheologie-istorieveche).

Handwritten texts of the scientic advi-sors:

1. 26 XI 1988 Acad. Nicolae Teodorescu:I agree with the scientific content and with

the way it is presented in the script.2. 8 03 1989 Dr. Alexandru Vulpe: I

consider that from the archaeological andhistoric points of view, the script meets therequired conditions. The hypothesis aboutthe calendar function of the circular andrectangular alignment groups in the Daciansanctuaries was issued and discussed withmuch competence by specialists. Starting

from the assumption of numerical relations

within the alignments, I find the ideasin this scenario useful and interesting.Their release will certainly stimulate theviewers imagination and will contributeto the interest in knowing the Getic-

Dacian spiritual civilization, which levelproves to be, in the ancient world, veryclose to the great civilizations of the time. Itherefore agree with the completion of thisdocumentary film and with my contribution

as a scientific advisor for its authors.

Texte olografe ale consultanilortiinici.

1. 26 XI 1988 Acad. Nicolae Teodorescu:De acord cu coninutul tiinific i modul

de expunere a materialului n scenariu.2. 8 03 1989 Dr. Alexandru Vulpe: Con-

sid

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