Pipe charts

Pipe

41

Contents

Pipes and tubes are not the same ..................................................... 42

Welded stainless steel pipe .................................................................. 43

Seamless pipe ............................................................................................ 44

Seamless high temperature stainless steel pipe.......................... 46

High temperature pipe grades and properties .......................... 48

High temperature corrosion properties ........................................ 49

Consider structural stability ................................................................... 49

Recommended operating temperatures in air ........................... 50

Creep rupture strength ............................................................................ 50

Pipe specifications and classes .............................................................. 51

Pressure ratings for pipes, tubes and fittings ................................ 52

Stainless steel pressure ratings ............................................................. 53

Basic allowable stress ‘S’ in tension for stainless steels ............ 54

Theoretical working pressure for stainless steel seamless pipe .................................................................. 56

Stainless steel welded and seamless pipe - nominal dimensions and weights ..................................................... 58

Carbon steel welded and seamless pipe ...................................... 60

Standards - tube, pipe and fittings ...................................................... 62

Seamless tube and pipe manufacture .............................................. 64

Welded tube and pipe manufacture................................................. 65

Standards for testing of material ......................................................... 66

Pipe

42

The terms “pipe”, “tube” and “hollow bar” in common use are often confused. The terminology is used as interchangeable, but in engineering, each relates to specific standards. Pipe and tube are generally produced as either welded (produced from slit coils or from plate), or seamless (hot finished extrusion, or cold finished by pilgering or cold drawing). Hollow bar is produced as a hot extruded (seamless) product, trepanned from round bar, or cast.

Care should be taken when converting between inch size and metric size due to common use of “soft” conversion rather than “hard” conversion e.g. 1” = 25.4 mm (hard conversion), often converted as 25 mm (soft conversion). Using the correct terminology, and specifying the actual dimensions according to the appropriate material “Standard”, will ensure supply of the appropriate product.

A pipe, a tube, or a hollow bar is a term for a long hollow cylinder used mainly to convey substances which can flow, including liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders, to machine components, or for structural and architectural applications.

Tube is generally thin wall 0.51 mm to 6 mm thick, specified by the actual OD and WT but may be specified by any two of OD, ID or WT. The term “tube” is also applied to non-cylindrical “hollow sections”, i.e., square (SHS) or rectangular tubing (RHS) and oval - outside dimensions denoted by width and breadth (or height). Refer “Tube introduction” on page 128.

Hollow Bar is generally heavy wall 6 mm to 60 mm thick, specified by OD and ID, but can also be specified as OD and WT. It is an interim “mechanical tube” used for machining components, or further processing into pipe or tube. Refer “Hollow bar” on page 170.

Pipe is generally medium wall 1.65 mm to 12.7 mm. Dimensions as specified by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) are covered by standards ASME B36.19 for stainless steel and ASME B36.10 for carbon steel. Outside diameter is referenced by the NPS (Nominal Pipe Size - imperial) or DN (Diamètre Nominal - metric) designator, often referred to as the ‘nominal bore’, which has a constant dimension for each given size. Wall thickness is specified in a series of “schedule” numbers i.e. for stainless steel Sch 5S , 10S, 40S and 80S (suffix “S” to differentiate from carbon steel). The “actual” WT for a given schedule number varies as the NB size increases. The “actual” ID varies and is not an exact reflection of the inside bore size. To obtain the actual OD and WT refer to the pipe tables in this section of our catalogue, or the tables in the applicable standards or specifications, e.g. ASME B36.19, ASTM A312 , A358, A790 for stainless steel.

If in doubt, always specify at least 2 dimensions required - O.D. , W.T. or I.D. to ensure correct supply.

Pipes and tubes are not the same

O.D

I.D

w

b

t

W.T.

e..g 100 NB Sch 10S

114.3 mm O.D. x 3.05 mm W.T.114.3 mm O.D. x 108.2 mm I.D.

e..g 4” NB Sch 10S

4.1/2” O.D. x 0.120” W.T.4.1/2” O.D. x 4.26” I.D.

Pipe

43

TST-W e.g.TST-W316L-6-SCH10S

A=Ex.stockAustraliaS=SeamlessEx.stockAustralia●=Ex.MillStockorProduction

Welded stainless steel pipe According to ASTM A312M-08a / A999M-04 Austenitic, duplex and superduplex Dimensions acc. to stainless steel Standard ASME B36.19M-2004

Nom Pipe Size Nom ASTM 304L 316L 2205 2507NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass UNS S30403 S31603 S31803 S32750mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m SANDVIK 3R12 3R65 SAF2205 SAF25078 1/4 Sch 10S 13.72 1.65 10.41 0.5 ● A - - Sch 40S 2.24 9.25 0.6 A A - -10 3/8 Sch 10S 17.15 1.65 13.84 0.6 ● A - - Sch 40S 2.31 12.52 0.8 A A - -15 1/2 Sch 10S 21.34 2.11 17.12 1.0 A A - S Sch 40S 2.77 15.80 1.3 A A S S20 3/4 Sch 10S 26.67 2.11 22.45 1.3 A A S - Sch 40S 2.87 20.93 1.7 A A S S25 1 Sch 10S 33.40 2.77 27.86 2.1 A A S S Sch 40S 3.38 26.64 2.5 A A S S32 1 1/4 Sch 10S 42.16 2.77 36.63 2.7 A A S - Sch 40S 3.56 35.05 3.4 A A S -40 1 1/2 Sch 10S 48.26 2.77 42.72 3.1 A A S S Sch 40S 3.68 40.89 4.1 A A S S50 2 Sch 10S 60.33 2.77 54.79 3.9 A A S S Sch 40S 3.91 52.50 5.4 A A S S65 2 1/2 Sch 10S 73.03 3.05 66.93 5.3 A A - - Sch 40S 5.16 62.71 8.6 A A S -80 3 Sch 10S 88.90 3.05 82.80 6.5 A A S S Sch 40S 5.49 77.93 11.3 A A S S90 3 1/2 Sch 10S 101.60 3.05 95.50 7.4 A A - ●

Sch 40S 5.74 90.12 13.6 A A - ●

100 4 Sch 10S 114.30 3.05 108.20 8.4 A A S S Sch 40S 6.02 102.26 16.1 A A S S125 5 Sch 10S 141.30 3.40 134.49 11.6 A A ● ●

Sch 40S 6.55 128.19 21.8 A A ● ●

150 6 Sch 10S 168.28 3.40 161.47 13.8 A A A ●

Sch 40S 7.11 154.05 28.3 A A S S200 8 Sch 10S 219.08 3.76 211.56 20.0 A A A ●

Sch 40S 8.18 202.72 42.6 A A S A250 10 Sch 10S 273.05 4.19 264.67 27.8 A A A ●

Sch 40S 9.27 254.51 60.3 A A A A300 12 Sch 10S 323.85 4.57 314.71 36.0 A A A ●

Sch 20 * 6.35 311.2 49.71 ● ● ● A Sch 40S 9.53 304.79 73.9 A A ● ●

350 14 Sch 10S 355.6 4.78 346.04 41.4 A A ● ●

Sch 20 * 7.92 339.8 68 ● ● ● A Sch 40S 9.53 337 81.3 A A ● ●

400 16 Sch 10S 406.4 4.78 396.84 47.3 A A ● ●

Sch 40S 9.53 387 93.3 A A ● ●

450 18 Sch 10S 457.2 4.78 447.64 53 A A ● ●

Sch 40S 9.53 438 105 A A ● ●

500 20 Sch 10S 508.0 5.54 496.92 69 A A ● ●

Sch 40S 9.53 540 117 A A ● ●

600 24 Sch 10S 609.6 6.35 596.90 95 A A ● ●

Sch 40S 9.53 591 141 A A ● ●

750 30 Sch 10S 762.0 7.92 746.16 147 ● A ● ●

Sch 40S and Sch 80S above 200 NB are NOT the same as carbon steel Sch 40 and Sch

80 but thinner (equivalent to carbon steel walls STD and X/S above 200NB).

Standard mill lengths 6.1 mtr ≤ 300 NB and 6 mtr > 300 NB.

Other sizes and grades available on enquiry.

Precision cut to length service available.

see page 66 for tolerances.

see page 56 for pressure tables.

Pipe

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TST-S e.g.TST-S-316L-6-SCH40S

Seamless pipe HF and CF stainless steel pipe acc. to ASTM A312M-08a, A790M-10, ASTM B677, ASTM B668 and A999M-04 Austenitic, superaustenitic, duplex, superduplex Dimensions acc. to stainless steel Standard ASME B36.19M-2004

A= Ex.stockAustralia●= Ex.MillStockorProduction– Nonstandardex.mill

productionminimumquantity10tonnepersizeandpergrade,subjecttoavailablemillcapacity.

Sch 40S and Sch 80S above 200 NB are NOT the same as carbon steel

Sch 40 and Sch 80 but thinner (equivalent to carbon steel walls STD and

X/S above 200NB).

Standard mill lengths 5 to 6.7 metre randoms.

Other sizes and grades available on enquiry.

Precision cut to length service available.

see page 56 for pressure tables.

Nom Pipe Size Nom ASTM 304L 316L 2205 2507 2707 HD 904L –NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass UNS S30403 S31603 S31803 S32750 S32707 N08904 N08028mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m SANDVIK 3R12 3R65 SAF2205 SAF2507 SAF 2707

HD2RK65 Sanicro

286 1/8 Sch 10S 10.29 – – – – – – – – – – Sch 40S 1.73 6.83 0.4 – A – – – – – Sch 80S 2.41 5.46 0.5 – A – – – – –8 1/4 Sch 10S 13.72 1.65 10.41 0.5 ● A – – – – – Sch 40S 2.24 9.25 0.6 A A – – – – – Sch 80S 3.02 7.67 0.8 ● A – – – – –10 3/8 Sch 10S 17.15 1.65 13.84 0.6 A A – – – – – Sch 40S 2.31 12.52 0.8 A A – – – – – Sch 80S 3.20 10.74 1.1 A A – – – – –15 1/2 Sch 10S 21.34 2.11 17.12 1.0 ● A A – – ● Sch 40S 2.77 15.80 1.3 A A A A – A** ● Sch 80S 3.73 13.87 1.6 A A A A – A** Sch 160 4.78 11.8 2.0 – A – – – – 20 3/4 Sch 10S 26.67 2.11 22.45 1.3 A A A – – – Sch 40S 2.87 20.93 1.7 A A A – – ●** ● Sch 80S 3.91 18.85 2.2 A A ● A – A** Sch 160 5.56 15.5 2.9 – A – – – – 25 1 Sch 10S 33.40 2.77 27.86 2.1 A A A – – – ● Sch 40S 3.38 26.64 2.5 A A A A – ●** ● Sch 80S 4.55 24.31 3.2 A A A A – A** Sch 160 6.35 20.7 4.2 A A – A – – 32 1 1/4 Sch 10S 42.16 2.77 36.63 2.7 A A A – – Sch 40S 3.56 35.05 3.4 A A A ● – ●** Sch 80S 4.85 32.46 4.5 ● A – – – ●** Sch 160 6.35 29.5 5.6 A A – – – – 40 1 1/2 Sch 10S 48.26 2.77 42.72 3.1 A A A S – – Sch 40S 3.68 40.89 4.1 A A A A – ● ● Sch 80S 5.08 38.10 5.4 A A A A – A Sch 160 7.14 34.0 7.3 – A – A – 50 2 Sch 10S 60.33 2.77 54.79 3.9 A A A – – ● Sch 40S 3.91 52.50 5.4 A A A A A ● ● Sch 80S 5.54 49.25 7.5 A A A A – A Sch 160 8.74 42.8 11.1 ● A – A – ● 65 2 1/2 Sch 10S 73.03 3.05 66.93 5.3 A A A – – – Sch 40S 5.16 62.71 8.6 A A A – – ● Sch 80S 7.01 59.00 11.4 ● A ● – – ● Sch 160 9.53 54.0 14.9 – A – – – – 80 3 Sch 10S 88.90 3.05 82.80 6.5 A A A – – – ● Sch 40S 5.49 77.93 11.3 A A A A A ● ● Sch 80S 7.62 73.66 15.3 A A A A – A Sch 160 11.13 66.6 21.4 ● A – – – – 90 3 1/2 Sch 10S 101.60 3.05 95.50 7.4 ● A – – – – Sch 40S 5.74 90.12 13.6 ● ● – – – – Sch 80S 8.08 85.45 18.6 ● A – – – – Sch 160 – – – – – – – – – –

Pipe

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Tolerances StandardsSandvik 3R12 (ASTM 304L), 3R65 (ASTM 316L), 6R35 (ASTM 321)ASTM A312 incl. corrosion test acc. to ASTM A262 Pr.E.NACE MRO175 / ISO 15156-1:2001(3R12, 3R65) NFA 49-117, tolerances and leak test acc. to ASTM A312/A999

Sandvik SAF 2205 (UNS S32205, S31803) and SAF 2507 (UNS S32750)ASTM A790 incl. corrosion test acc. to ASTM G-48 Method A(SAF 2205 at 25°C, SAF 2507 at 50°C, both for 24 h)

Sandvik 2RK65 (UNS N08904)ASTM A312Sizes marked ** are also tested acc. to AD2000-W2 Einbaurohre TüV Bl. 421 incl. hot tensile test at +400°C

Sandvik Sanicro 28 (UNS N08028)ASTM B668 average wall

TST-S e.g.TST-S-316L-6-SCH40S

Seamless pipe HF and CF stainless steel pipe acc. to ASTM A312M-08a, A790M-10, ASTM B677, ASTM B668 and A999M-04 Austenitic, superaustenitic, duplex, superduplex Dimensions acc. to stainless steel Standard ASME B36.19M-2004

A= Ex.stockAustralia●= Ex.MillStockorProduction– nonstdexmillproduction

minimumquantity10tonnepersizeandpergrade,subjecttoavailablemillcapacity.

Size O.D. tol W.T. tol % Thk/ODmm mm av. wall ratio

10-48.3 + 0.4 / -0.8 + 20 / -12.5 all

> 48.3 - 73.02 + 0.4 / -0.8 + 20 / -12.5 all

> 73.02 - 114.3 + 0.8 / -0.8 + 22 / -12.5 ≤ 5%

> 114.3 - 219.1 + 1.6 / -0.8 + 22 / -12.5 ≤ 5%

Note: WT tol > 88.9 - 219.1 + 22 / -12.5 > 5%

Size O.D. tol. Wall thickness tol.mm mm av wall % min wall %

16 - 48.26 ± 0.19 ± 10 + 20 / -0

> 48.26 - 88.9 ± 0.25 ± 10 + 22 / -0

> 88.99 - 114.0 ± 0.38 ± 10 + 22 / -0

> 114.0 ± 0.51 ±10 + 22 / -0

Valid for 2RK65 According to ASTM A312-08a Valid for Sanicro 28 According to ASTM B-668 (B-829)Pipe is stocked with average wall

Nom Pipe Size Nom ASTM 304L 316L 2205 2507 2707 HD 904L –NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass UNS S30403 S31603 S31803 S32750 S32707 N08904 N08028mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m SANDVIK 3R12 3R65 SAF2205 SAF2507 SAF

2707 HD2RK65 Sanicro

28100 4 Sch 10S 114.30 3.05 108.20 8.4 A A A – – – Sch 40S 6.02 102.26 16.1 A A A A A – Sch 80S 8.56 97.18 22.3 A A A A – A Sch 160 13.49 87.3 33.5 ● ● – – – – 125 5 Sch 10S 141.30 3.40 134.49 11.6 A A – – – – Sch 40S 6.55 128.19 21.8 ● A – – – – Sch 80S 9.53 122.25 31.0 ● A – – – – Sch 160 15.88 109.6 49.1 ● ● – – – – 150 6 Sch 10S 168.28 3.40 161.47 13.8 A A – – – – Sch 40S 7.11 154.05 28.3 A A A – – – Sch 80S 10.97 146.33 42.6 A A – A – – Sch 160 18.26 131.7 67.6 ● ● – – – – 200 8 Sch 10S 219.08 3.76 211.56 20.0 A A – – – – Sch 40S 8.18 202.72 42.6 A A A – – – Sch 80S 12.70 193.68 64.6 A A – A – – Sch 160 23.01 173.1 111.3 ● ● – – – – 250 10 Sch 10S 273.05 4.19 264.67 27.8 A A – – – – Sch 40S 9.27 254.51 60.3 ● A – – – – Sch 80S 12.70 247.65 81.6 ● A – – – – 300 12 Sch 10S 323.85 4.57 314.71 36.0 ● A – – – – Sch 40S 9.53 304.79 73.9 ● A – – – – Sch 80S 12.70 298.45 97.5 ● A – – – –

For ASTM A312 and ASTM A790, acc. to ASTM A999Valid for all grades except 2RK65 and Sanicro 28

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Seamless high temperature stainless steel pipeHigh temperature grades HF and CF stainless steel pipe according to ASTM A312M-08a, A268M-10, ASTM B407, A999M-04 and EN ISO 1127

TST-S e.g.TST-S-253MA-2-SCH40S ●=Coldworked■=Hotworked▲=PowderMetallurgytube

A=Ex.stockAustralia● ■ ▲=Ex.MillStockorProduction

Nom Pipe Size UNS S44600 S30815 S35315 N08811 S31009 –NB / DN NPS Wall O.D. av. wt I.D. Mass ASTM TP 446-1 – – N08810 310H –mm inch Sch mm mm mm kg/m Sandvik 4C54 253MA® 353MA® Sanicro 31HT 7RE10 APM

- - - 13.5 2.35 8.8 0.66 ●

10 3/8 Sch 40S 17.15 2.31 12.52 0.85 ● A ●

Sch 80S 3.2 10.74 1.12 ●

- - - 21.3 2.65 16.0 1.24 A ●

15 1/2 Sch 10S 21.34 2.11 17.12 1.01 ●

Sch 40S 2.77 15.8 1.29 A ● ● ●

Sch 80S 3.73 13.87 1.65

- - - 22.0 2.00 18.0 0.95 ●

- - - 26.0 4.00 18.0 2.2 ●

20 3/4 Sch 10S 26.67 2.11 22.45 1.30 A

Sch 40S 2.87 20.93 1.71 A ● ● ● ▲

Sch 80S 3.91 18.85 2.23 ●

- - - 26.9 2.65 21.6 1.6 A

25 1 Sch 40S 33.40 3.38 26.6 2.54 A ● ■ ■ ▲

Sch 80S 4.55 24.3 3.29 ■ ■

- - - 33.7 3.25 27.2 2.48 ■ ■

32 1 1/4 Sch 40S 42.16 3.56 35.0 3.44 A ■ ■ ■

- - - 42.4 3.25 35.9 3.19 ■

- - - 44.5 3.00 38.5 3.12 ■

40 1 1/2 Sch 10S 48.26 2.77 42.72 3.15 A

Sch 40S 3.68 40.90 4.11 A ■ ■ ■

Sch 80S 5.08 38.10 5.49 ■

- - - 48.3 3.25 41.8 3.67 ■

- - - 60.3 3.65 53.0 5.18 A ■

50 2 Sch 10S 60.33 2.77 54.8 3.99 ■

Sch 40S 3.91 52.5 5.52 A ■ ■ ■ ▲

Sch 80S 5.54 49.2 7.60 ■ ■

65 2 1/2 Sch 40S 73.03 5.16 62.7 8.77 A ■

- - - 76.1 3.65 53.0 6.62 ■ ● ■

- - - 88.90 4.05 52.2 8.60 ■ ■

80 3 Sch 40S 88.90 5.49 49.3 11.50 A ■ ■ ▲

- - - 114.30 4.50 51.3 12.50 ■

100 4 Sch 40S 114.30 6.02 48.3 16.30 A ■

150 6 Sch 40S 168.28 7.11 46.1 28.70 A ■

Sandvik 353MA, 7RE10 and APM are also commonly stocked in Sweden. Other sizes in Sandvik APM available.

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StandardsSandvik 4C54 (ASTM 446-1)ASTM A268 (tube)

Sandvik 253 MA (UNS S30815) and 353 MA (UNS S35315)ASTM A312 (pipe)

Sandvik Sanicro 31HT (UNS N08811 / N08810)Cold-worked ASTM B407Hot-worked ASTM B407, tolerances acc. to ATM A999

Sandvik 7RE10 (ASTM 310H)ASTM A312DIN 17458, PK 1NFA 49-117Hot-worked ASTM B407, tolerances acc. to ASTM A999

TolerancesSandvik 4C54 and 7RE10 (metric sizes), according to EN ISO 1127

Condition Outside diameter Wall thickness

Cold-worked tube ±0.75%, but min. ±10% (T3), but min.

±0.3 mm (D#) ±0.2 mm

Hot-worked tube ±1.5%, but min. ±15% (T3), but min.

±0.75 mm (D#) ±0.6 mm

Sandvik Sanicro 31HT, according to ASTM B407

Size Outside diameter Wall thicknessmm mm %

Cold-worked:

15.8-38.1 ±0.19 ±10.0

Hot-worked. A999:

Tolerance to ASTM A999, see above table Sandvik 253 MA and

353 MA

Sandvik 253 MA, 353 MA and 7RE10, according to ASTM A312/A999

Size Outside diametermm mm

10.3-48.3 +0.4/-0.8

(48.3)-114.3 ±0.8

(114.3)-219.1 +1.6/-0.8

Tolerances on wall thickness

Size Outside diameter TH/OD ratiomm

10.3-73.03 +20/-12.5 All

88.90-219.10 +22.5/-12.5 Less or equal to 0.05

88.90-219.10 +15/-12.5 Above 0.05

Sandvik produces stainless steel boiler tubes - for more information contact your nearest Sandvik branch.

Seamless high temperature stainless steel pipe

Pipe

48

High temperature pipe grades and properties

Standards Chemical composition (nominal), % Mechanical properties

ASTM UNS Sandvik Designation

EN Steel number

C Cr Ni Mo Others Proof strength-Rp0.2, MPa, min.

Tensile strength Rm, MPa

Elongation A%, min.

304/304H S30400/S30409 5R10 1.4301/1.4948 0.04 18.5 9.5 − − 210 515−690 45

321/321H S32100/S32109 6R35 1.4541/1.4940 0.05 17.5 10.5 – Ti 210 515-690 45

347/347H S34700/S34709 8R40 1.4550/1.4912 0.06 17.5 11 − Nb 220 515−690 35

316, 316H S31600/S31609 6LR62 1.4401 0.05 17 11.5 2.1 – 205 515-790 45

309S, 309H S30908/S30909 8RE18 1.4833** 0.07 22.5 14 − − 205 ≥515 35

310S, 310H S31008/S31009 7RE10 1.4845** 0.06 24.5 21 − − 220 515−750 35

− S30815 253 MA 1.4835** 0.08 21 11 − Si, N, Ce 310 650−850 40

− S35315 353 MA 1.4854** 0.05 25 35 − Si, N, Ce 270 650−750 40

− N08811/N08810 Sanicro 31HT 1.4959 0.07 20.5 30.5 − Ti, Al 170 500−700 35

Alloy N06601 Sanicro 61 601 0.07 23 60 − Si, Mn, Al 205 ≥550 ≥30

Alloy N06600 Sanicro 70 600 0.05 16.5 72.5 − Fe 245 ≥560 35

446−1 S44600 4C54 1.4749** ≤0.20 26.5 − − N 275 500−700 20

446–2 S44600 2C48 – 0.09 23.5 − − N 275 ≥450 20

– – Kanthal APM – ≤0.08 22 – – Al = 5.8 475* 685* 11

– – Kanthal APMT – ≤0.08 22 – 3 Al = 5.0 545* 740* 26

* Typical values

** Not applicable for tube and pipe. Only for information.

Sandvik, Sanicro and Kanthal are trademarks owned by Sandvik AB.

253 MA and 353 MA are trademarks owned by Outokumpu Stainless.

What are “H” grades “H” grades are the higher carbon versions of the standard or low carbon grades, produced primarily in plate, bar, pipe and tube. The high carbon content (0.04% C min. - 0.10%) results in increased strength of the steel at elevated temperatures (generally above 500°C), with higher tensile strength (short term) and “creep” strength (long term). These grades are susceptible to “sensitisation” due to the formation of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries if held in the temperature range of about 450-850°C which can lead to intergranular corrosion when operating in aqueous environments such as during shutdown and below dewpoint of the gas.

Commonly requested grades are 304H and 316H, for which there is a slightly different chromium content range (0.5%) to the standard grade 304 and 316. In addition all austenitic “H” grades must have a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser. Other high temperature grades are “stabilised” by addition of titanium (eg 321 or 316Ti) or niobium (eg 347) and therefore do not suffer from sensitisation even after exposure at 450°C – 850°C because the Ti or Nb combines preferentially with the carbon, leaving the chromium free to provide resistance to corrosion.

The pressure vessel codes give the same allowable pressure rating for “H” grades as for standard grades

- the “H” grades are simply the standard grades with their carbon contents controlled to the top half of the range, or slightly above. Standard grades can often be used in place of “H” grades so long as their chemical composition (carbon and chromium) mechanical properties (tensile and yield strength), and grain size meet the “H” limits. The grain size requirement may be satisfied by extra testing. The product and its test certificate may describe it as a standard 304 or 316 unless it was originally manufactured as a “H” grade. If an application requires an “H” grade - generally for high temperature applications - this must be specified at time of order. Full compliance with “H” grade specification may require additional measurement of grain size. Due to availability issues, it is sometimes desirable to be able to use a product labelled as a standard grade when an “H” grade has been specified. Mills’ inspection certificates give this information. Such substitution can be made where standard grades can be used as “H” grades so long as the chemical and mechanical properties and grain size conform to the “H” grade requirements. Full details given on the mill inspection certificate will show whether the standard grade meets compliance with the “H” grade chemical and mechanical requirements, while additional testing will most likely be required to confirm grain size.

Pipe

49

High temperature corrosion properties

Consider structural stability

Almost all steels developed to combat corrosive environments at elevated temperatures can suffer from embrittlement due to a secondary phase formation. A common type is sigma-phase, which is formed after a longer period of service in the temperature range 600 to 850°C.

The amount of sigma-phase formed is related to the chemical composition of the material. Chromium rich materials are, in general, more prone to form a sigma-phase. On the other hand, elements like nickel and nitrogen hinder the formation of sigma-phase. Nitrogen is a very efficient sigma-phase blocker, which is why Sandvik 253 MA is less prone to sigma-phase formation in comparison to some of the more common high temperature grades such as ASTM 309 and ASTM 310H – due to its unique chemical content (slightly lower chromium and lower nickel). Ferritic steels with more than 16% chromium are very sensitive to sigma-phase formation. Ferritic chromium steels are also prone to embrittlement in the temperature range 400 to 550°C (475°C - embrittlement). Heat treatment at 1,000 to 1,100°C dissolves most embrittling phases and returns the material to a ductile state.

A comparison between Sandvik high temperature materials and ASTM 304H

Grade In air Oxidizing sulfur Reducing sulfur Carburizing Nitriding

ASTM Sandvik

304H 5R10 0 0 0 0 0

321H 6R35 0 0 0 0 0

347H 8R40 0 0 0 0 0

316H 6LR62 0 0 0 0 0

309 8RE18 ++ ++ + + ++ (**)

310H* 7RE10 +++ ++ 0 ++ ++

– Sandvik 253 MA* ++++ +++ ++ +++ ++ (**)

– Sandvik 353 MA* ++++ + 0 ++++ ++++

– Sandvik Sanicro 31HT* ++ + 0 +++ +++

Alloy Sandvik Sanicro 61 ++++ 0 - + ++

Alloy Sandvik Sanicro 70 +++ 0 - + ++++

446-1 Sandvik 4C54* ++++ +++ ++++ - -

446-2 Sandvik 2C48 +++ +++ +++ - -

– Kanthal APM +++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++(***)

– Kanthal APMT +++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++(***)

* Sandvik stock standard

** In low oxygen potential (<100ppm O2) nitriding may occur

*** In low dew point (<-20°C) severe nitriding may occur

0 = reference value + = superior to - = inferior to

Pipe

50

Recommended operating temperatures in air

Creep rupture strength

Material

Sandvik ASTM

5R10 304H

6R35 321H

8R40 347H

6LR62 316H

8RE18 309

7RE10 310H

253 MA –

353 MA –

Sanicro 31HT –

Sanicro 61 Alloy

Sanicro 70 Alloy

4C54 446-1

2C48 446-2

Kanthal APM –

–Kanthal APMT

Pipe

51

The term pipe covers a specific range of sizes laid down by ANSI specifications. Any sizes not covered by these specifications are tube. Stainless Steel Pipe dimensions determined by ASME B36.19 covering the outside diameter and the Schedule wall thickness. Note that stainless wall thicknesses to ANSI B36.19 all have an ‘S’ suffix. Sizes without an ‘S’ suffix are to ANSI B36.10 which is intended for carbon steel pipes.

Pipe specifications and classes

Seamless and WeldedASTM A312: Seamless and straight-seam welded austenitic pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service. Filler metal not permitted during welding.

ASTM A358: Electric fusion welded austenitic pipe for corrosive and/or high temperature service. Typically only pipe up to 8 inch is produced to this specification. Addition of filler metal is permitted during welding.

ASTM A790: Seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/austenitic (duplex) pipe intended for general corrosive service, with a particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

ASTM A409: Straight-seam or spiral-seam electric fusion welded large diameter austenitic light-wall pipe in sizes 14” to 30” with walls Sch 5S and Sch 10S for corrosive and/or high temperature service.

ASTM A376: Seamless austenitic pipe for high temperature applications.

ASTM A813: Single-seam, single or double-welded austenitic pipe for high temperature and general corrosive application.

ASTM A814: Cold-worked welded austenitic pipe for high temperature and general corrosive service.

Note: Welded pipes manufactured to ASTM A312, A790 and A813 must be produced by an automatic process with NO addition of filler metal during the welding operation.

Welded Pipe SpecificationsUsually it will be to ASTM A312. If it is to ASTM A358 then there are various Classes available as shown below. The Class Number dictates how the pipe is welded and what non-destructive tests:

Class 1: Pipe shall be double welded by processes employing filler metal in all passes and shall be completely radiographed.

Class 2: Pipe shall be double welded by processes employing filler metal in all passes. No radiography is required.

Class 3: Pipe shall be welded in one pass by processes employing filler metal and shall be completely radiographed.

Class 4: Same as Class 3 except that the welding process exposed to the inside pipe surface may be made without the addition of filler metal.

Class 5: Pipe shall be double welded by processes employing filler metal in all passes and shall be spot radiographed.

Markings on pipeThe full identification of the pipe should be continuously marked down its whole length, including:

• Nominal Pipe Size (Nominal Bore)

• Schedule (Wall Thickness)

• Specification

• Grade

• Method of Manufacture (Seamless or Welded)

• Heat Number

• Manufacturer’s Name or Symbol

Pipe

52

Pressure ratings for pipes, tubes and fittings

Wall thickness calculations for straight pipe under internal pressureThe following equations and tables are based on those provided in the Process Piping Specification, ASME 31.3a-1996, ASME Code for Pressure Piping (see Notes for references to source paragraphs and tables in this specification).

Firstly, anyone of the following four equations may be used to calculate the ‘pressure design wall thickness’ (t) of a straight pipe subject to internal pressure.

The equations assume t < D/6 (for pipe with t ≥ D/6 or P/SE > 0.385 additional factors need to be considered).

The four alternative equations are:

Where:

t = Pressure design thickness

d = Inside diameter of pipe. For pressure design calculation, the inside diameter of the pipe is the maximum value allowable under the purchase specification

P = Internal design pressure

D = Outside diameter pipe as listed in tables of standards or specifications or as measured

E = Quality factor. See the table “Basic quality factors ‘E’ for longi-tudinal weld joints in stainless steel pipes, tubes and fittings” on page 53

S = Stress value for material from the table “Basic allowable stresses ’S’ in tension for stainless steels” on page 54

Y = Coefficient from table “Values of coefficient ‘Y’ for t<O/S” on page 53

t = PD2(SE + PY)

t = PD2SE

t = D2

SE - PSE + P

1 -

t = P(d + 2c)2[SE - P(1 - Y)]

Secondly, the minimum required wall thickness tm of straight sections of pipe is determined in accordance with the following equation.

where:

tm = Minimum required thickness, including mechanical, corrosion-and erosion allowances

c = The sum of the mechanical allowances (thread or groove depth) plus corrosion and erosion allowances. For threaded components, the nominal thread depth (dimension h of ASME B1.20.1, or equivalent) shall apply. For machined surfaces or grooves where the tolerance is not specified, the tolerance shall be assumed to be 0.5 mm (0.02 in) in addition to the specified depth of the cut.

The actual minimum thickness for the pipe selected, considering manufacturer’s tolerance, shall not be less than tm

Units of Measure for CalculationsIt is important to use compatible units for pressure calculations. ASTM and ASME/ANSI specifications are based upon imperial sizes.

Pipe bendsThe equations above may also be used for pipe bends provided the requirement for minimum wall thickness (tm) is met.

tm = t + c

Worked Example:Taking the simplest equation: t = PD

2SE

A. If you wish to calculate what wall thickness should be used in a design for the following situation:P = Internal Design Pressure – For this example lets say 2000 pounds

per square inch = 2ksi

D = Outside Diameter – For this example lets say 4 inch nominal bore = 4.5 inches

S = Stress Value for material from table below taking into account operating temperature – For

this example lets take ASTM A312 TP 316L operating at 500OC for which S = 14.4 ksi (1ksi = 1,000 psi / psi = Pounds Pressure per Square Inch)

E = Quality Factor from table below according to manufacturing-specification – For this example we are using ASTM A312 TP 316L Seamless for which E = 1.0

So this gives: t = 2 x 4.5 = 0.313 inches

2 x 14.4 x 1.0

Thus we would use 4 inch Nominal Bore Schedule 80S which has a wall thickness of 0.337 inches. If the wall thickness calculation leads to a heavier wall than is available then the pipe diameter must be increased. Depending upon the design of the system this may also reduce the pressure.

Pipe

53

Stainless steel pressure ratings

Values of coefficient ‘Y’ for t<D/STemperature, °F (°C)

Materials <900 (≤482) 950 (510) 1000 (538) 1050 (566) 1100 (593) 1150

Ferritic steels 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Austenitic Steels 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7

Cast Iron 0.0 – – – – –

Note:

– The above table and the equations are based on paragraph 304.1 of ASME B31.3a-1996

– The value for Y may be interpolated for intermediate temperatures. For t > D/6:

Y = d + 2cD + d + 2c

Basic quality factors ‘E’ for longitudinal weld joints in stainless steel pipes, tubes and fittingsSpecification No. Class (or Type) Description E Notes

A 182 – Forgings and Fittings 1.00 –

A268

– Seamless Tube 1.00 –

– Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –

– Electric Fusion Welded Tube, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –

A269

– Seamless Tube 1.00 –



A312

– Seamless Pipe 1.00 –

– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –

– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –

A358

1, 3, 4 Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, 100% radiographed 1.00 –

5 Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Spot radiographed 0.90 –

2 Electric Fusion Welded Pipe , Double Butt Seam 0.85 –

A376 – Seamless Pipe 1.00 –

A403

– Seamless Fittings 1.00 –

– Welded Fitting, 100% radiographed 1.00 1

– Welded Fitting, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –

– Welded Fitting, Single Butt Seam 0.80 –

A409– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe , Double Butt Seam 0.85 –


A430 – Seamless Pipe 1.00 –

A 789

– Seamless 1.00 –

– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, 100% radiographed 1.00 –



A 790

– Seamless 1.00 –

– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, 100% radiographed 1.00 –

– Electric Fusion Welded Pipe, Double Butt Seam 0.85 –


Note:

– This table is based on Table A-1B of ASME B31.3a-1996

1. An E factor of 1 .00 may be applied only if all welds, including welds in the base material, have passed 100% radiographic examination. Substitution of ultrasonic examination for radiography is not permitted for the purpose of obtaining an E of 1.00.

Pipe

54

Basic allowable stress ‘S’ in tension for stainless steelsASTM Spec No.

Grade Min Temp °F (for °C see Notes)

Metal Temperature, °F (°C)

NotesMin Temp to 100 (37.8)

300 (149)

500 (260)

700 (371)

850 (454)

1000 (538)

1150 (621)

1300 (704)

1400 (760)

1500 (816)

Basic Allowable Stress, S ksi

A 312 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2A 376 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2A 269 TP304L -425 16.7 16.7 14.8 13.5 12.8 7.8 4.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 2, 3A 312 TP304L -425 16.7 16.7 14.8 13.5 12.8 7.8 4.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 -A 358 304L -425 16.7 16.7 14.8 13.5 12.8 7.8 4.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 2A 269 TP316L -325 16.7 16.7 14.4 12.9 12.1 11.2 8.8 3.5 1.8 1.0 2, 3A 312 TP316L -325 16.7 16.7 14.4 12.9 12.1 11.2 8.8 3.5 1.8 1.0 -A 358 316L -325 16.7 16.7 14.4 12.9 12.1 11.2 8.8 3.5 1.8 1.0 2A 312 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4A 376 TP321 -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4A 312 TP321H -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2A 376 TP321H -325 16.7 16.7 16.1 14.6 14.0 13.5 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 -A 268 TP409 -20 20.0 - - - - - - - - - 6A 268 TP430Ti -20 20.0 - - - - - - - - - 6, 7A 376 16-8-2H -325 20.0 - - - - - - - - - 5, 6, 8A 268 TP405 -20 20.0 17.7 17.2 16.2 10.4 4.0 - - - - 6A 268 TP410 -20 20.0 17.7 17.2 16.2 10.4 6.4 1.8 - - - 6A 268 TP430 -20 20.0 19.6 19.0 17.6 10.4 6.5 2.4 - - - 6, 7A 312 TP317L -325 20.0 20.0 17.7 16.2 15.2 - - - - - -A 312 TP310 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 3.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 4, 6, 10A 358 310S -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 3.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 2, 4, 5, 6A 409 TP310 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 3.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 2, 4, 5, 6, 10A 312 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1A 358 321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2A 376 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2A 409 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 5.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 1, 2A 312 TP309 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 10.5 5.0 2.3 1.3 0.7 4, 6, 10A 358 309S -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 10.5 5.0 2.3 1.3 0.7 4, 5, 6, 2A 409 TP309 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 10.5 5.0 2.3 1.3 0.7 2, 4, 5, 6, 10A 312 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 -A 358 347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2A 376 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2A 409 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2A 312 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 -A 358 348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2A 376 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2A 409 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 6.1 2.2 1.2 0.8 1, 2A 312 TP310 -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 7.3 3.5 1.6 0.8 4, 6, 10, 11A 358 310S -325 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.3 14.6 11.0 7.3 3.5 1.6 0.8 2, 4, 5, 6, 11A 430 FP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2A 312 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 4A 358 321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4A 376 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4A 409 TP321 -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2, 4A 430 FP321H -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2A 376 TP321H -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 1, 2A 312 TP321H -325 20.0 20.0 19.3 17.5 16.7 16.2 6.9 3.2 1.9 1.1 -A 430 FP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 5, 8,A 430 FP316H -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 5, 8,A 269 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 3, 4, 5, 8A 312 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 4, 8A 358 316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8

Pipe

55

Basic allowable stress ‘S’ in tension for stainless steelsASTM Spec No.

Grade Min Temp °F (for °C see Notes)

Metal Temperature, °F (°C)

NotesMin Temp to 100 (37.8)

300 (149)

500 (260)

700 (371)

850 (454)

1000 (538)

1150 (621)

1300 (704)

1400 (760)

1500 (816)

Basic Allowable Stress, S ksiA 376 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8A 409 TP316 -425 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8A 312 TP317 -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 4, 8A 409 TP317 -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 4, 5, 8A 376 TP316H -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 2, 5, 8A 312 TP316H -325 20.0 20.0 17.9 16.3 15.7 15.3 9.8 4.1 2.3 1.3 8A 430 FP347 -425 20.0 20.0 18.6 18.2 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2A 430 FP347H -325 20.0 20.0 18.6 18.2 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2A 376 TP347H -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2A 312 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 4A 358 347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4A 376 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4A 409 TP347 -425 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4A 312 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 4A 358 348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4A 376 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4A 409 TP348 -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 1, 2, 4A 312 TP347H -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 -A 312 TP348H -325 20.0 20.0 19.9 18.6 18.2 18.0 10.5 4.4 2.5 1.3 -A 430 FP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 5, 8A 430 FP304H -325 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 5, 8A 269 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 3, 4, 5, 8A 312 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 4, 8A 358 304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 4, 5A 376 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 4, 5, 8A 376 TP304H -325 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 5, 8A 409 TP304 -425 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 2, 4, 5, 8A 312 TP304H -325 20.0 20.0 17.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 7.7 3.7 2.3 1.4 8A 268 TP443 -20 23.3 21.4 19.4 17.5 15.1 4.5 - - - - 6A 268 TP446 -20 23.3 21.4 19.4 17.5 15.1 4.5 - - - - 6A 789 S32304 -60 29.0 26.3 24.9 - - - - - - - 9A 790 S32304 -60 29.0 26.3 24.9 - - - - - - - 9A 789 S31803 -60 30.0 28.9 27.2 - - - - - - - 9A 790 S31803 -60 30.0 28.9 27.2 - - - - - - - 9A 789 S32900 -20 30.0 - - - - - - - - - 9A 790 S32900 -20 30.0 - - - - - - - - - 9A 789 S32750 -20 38.7 33.1 31.4 - - - - - - - 9A 790 S32750 -20 38.7 33.1 31.4 - - - - - - - 9

Notes- This table is based on Table A-1A of ASME B31.3a-1996.- For specified minimum tensile and yield strengths refer to the individual ASTM specifications in Sections 2 and 3.- Minimum temperatures in °C: -20 °F = -29 °C, -60 °F = -51 °C, -325 °F = -199 °C, -425 °F = -254 °C1 For temperatures above 538 °C (1000 °F), these stress values may be used only if the material has been heat treated at a temperature of

1093°C (2000°F) minimum.2 When the material has not been solution heat treated, the minimum temperature shall be -29 °C (-20 °F) unless the material is impact tested.3 Must be verified by tensile test.4 For temperatures above 538 °C (1000 °F), these stress values apply only when the carbon content is 0.04% or higher.5 For temperatures above 538 °C (1000 °F), these stress values may be used only if the material has been heat treated by heating to a minimum

temperature of 1038 °C (1900 °F) and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.6 This steel is intended for use at high temperatures; it may have low ductility and/or low impact properties at room temperature after being used

at higher temperatures.7 If the chemical composition of this Grade is such as to render it hardenable, qualification under P-No. 6 is required.8 Increasingly tends to precipitate intergranular carbides as the carbon content increases above 0.03%.9 This steel may develop embrittlement after service at approximately 316 °C (600 °F) and higher temperature.10 This material when used below -29 °C (-20 °F) shall be impact tested if the carbon content is above 0.10%.11 The stress values above 538 °C (1000 °F) shall be used only when the micrograin size, is No. 6 or less (coarser grain). Otherwise, the lower

stress values listed for the same material, specification, and grade shall be used.

Pipe

56

Theoretical working pressure for stainless steel seamless pipe

The information presented above are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values.

Conversion factors 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2

1 MPa = 145.04 psi

1 psi = 0.007 MPa

1 Kg f/mm2 = 9.807 MPa

1 Kg f/mm2 = 1422.34 psi

1 bar = 14.5 psi

1 bar = 0.1 MPa

1 MPa = 1000 KPa

Welded pipe: use joint factor 0.85

Pipe schedules

NB NPS 5S 10S 40 40S / STD 80 80S / XS 160 XXS

mm inch

6 1/8 3241 4537 6296 6296 8796 8796

8 1/4 3403 4514 6111 6111 8264 8264

10 3/8 2722 3611 5056 5056 7000 7000

15 1/2 2902 3705 4866 4866 6563 6563 8393 13125

20 3/4 2322 2964 4036 4036 5500 5500 7821 11000

25 1 1854 3108 3793 3793 5105 5105 7129 10209

32 1.1/4 1468 2462 3163 3163 4315 4315 5648 8630

40 1.1/2 1283 2151 2862 2862 3947 3947 5546 7895

50 2 1026 1721 2432 2432 3442 3442 5432 6884

65 2.1/2 1083 1565 2648 2648 3600 3600 4891 7200

80 3 889 1286 2314 2314 3214 3214 4693 6429

90 3.1/2 778 1125 2119 2119 2981 2981 5963

100 4 692 1000 1975 1975 2808 2808 4425 5617

125 5 735 903 1739 1739 2528 2528 4213 5056

150 6 617 759 1585 1585 2445 2445 4070 4891

200 8 474 644 1400 1400 2174 2174 3939 3804

250 10 467 576 1273 1273 2072 1744 3924

300 12 459 529 1194 1103 2024 1471 3859 2941

350 14 418 504 1173 1004 2009 1339 3766

400 16 387 441 1172 879 1978 1172 3736

450 18 344 392 1171 781 1952 1042 3710

500 20 353 409 1114 703 1933 938 3692

600 24 341 391 1075 586 1905 781 3663

Working pressures for ASTM 304 and 316 pipe to ASTM A312 between - 20°F and 100°F.

The ASME code suggests a safety factor of four based on burst pressure.

e.g. - 1” SCH40 = 3793PSI (15171 ÷ 4)

For higher temperatures multiply working pressure by: (according to ANSI B31.3)

40°C 150°C 260°C 540°C

ASTM 304 1.000 1.000 0.875 0.715

ASTM 316 1.000 1.000 0.895 0.765

SAF 2304 1.445 1.350 1.260

SAF 2205 1.500 1.445 1.360

SAF 2507 1.935 1.655 1.570

Pressures in psi

Pipe

57

Theoretical bursting pressure for stainless steel seamless pipe

Pressure pipeDuplex pipe can replace 304 or 316 pipe:

Sch 10S duplex can replace Sch 40S to 50 NB

Sch 40S duplex can replace Sch 80S to 100 NB

Pressures in psi

Bursting pressures

P = 2 x S x t

D

P = Pressure Rating (psi or MPa)

S = Minimum Tensile Strength (psi or MPa)

t = Wall Thickness (inch or mm)

D = Outside Diameter (inch or mm)

The information presented above are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values.

ASTM 304 and 316 pipe to ASTM A312 based on 75,000 psi Tensile Strength

Conversion factors 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2

1 MPa = 145.04 psi

1 psi = 0.007 MPa

1 Kg f/mm2 = 9.807 MPa

1 Kg f/mm2 = 1422.34 psi

1 bar = 14.5 psi

1 bar = 0.1 MPa

1 MPa = 1000 KPa

Welded pipe: use joint factor 0.85

Pipe schedules

NB NPS 5S 10S 40 40S / STD 80 80S / XS 160 XXS

mm inch

6 1/8 12963 18148 25185 25185 35185 35185

8 1/4 13611 18056 24444 24444 33056 33056

10 3/8 10889 14444 20222 20222 28000 28000

15 1/2 11607 14821 19464 26250 26250 33393 33571 52500

20 3/4 9286 11856 16143 16143 22000 22000 31286 44000

25 1 7414 12433 15171 20418 20418 20418 28517 40837

32 1.1/4 5873 9849 12651 12651 17259 17259 22590 34518

40 1.1/2 5132 8605 11447 11447 15789 15789 22184 31579

50 2 4105 6884 9726 9726 13768 13768 21726 27537

65 2.1/2 4330 6261 10591 10591 14400 14400 19565 28800

80 3 3557 5143 9257 9257 12857 12857 18771 25714

90 3.1/2 3112 4500 8475 8475 11925 11925 23850

100 4 2767 4000 7900 7900 11233 11233 17700 22467

125 5 2939 3613 6957 6957 10111 10111 16852 20223

150 6 2468 3034 6340 6340 9781 9781 16279 19562

200 8 1896 2574 5600 5600 8696 8696 15757 15217

250 10 1870 2302 5093 5093 8288 6977 15698

300 12 1941 2118 4776 4412 8044 5882 15435 11765

350 14 2679 4693 4018 8036 5357 15064

400 16 2344 4688 3516 1913 4688 14944

450 18 2083 4683 3125 7808 4167 14842

500 20 1875 4455 2813 7733 3750 14768

600 24 1563 4300 2344 7619 3125 14650

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58

Stainless steel welded and seamless pipe - nominal dimensions and weightsNominal wall thickness, minimum and maximum allowable wall thickness according ASTM A312M-10 table 3

NB NPS OD Sch 5S Sch 10S Sch 40S / STD WTmm inch mm av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m6 1/8 10.29 1.24 1.09 1.49 0.28 1.73 1.51 2.07 0.378 1/4 13.72 1.65 1.44 1.98 0.49 2.24 1.96 2.68 0.6310 3/8 17.15 1.65 1.44 1.98 0.63 2.31 2.02 2.77 0.8415 1/2 21.34 1.65 1.44 1.98 0.80 2.11 1.84 2.53 1.00 2.77 2.42 3.32 1.2720 3/4 26.67 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.03 2.11 1.84 2.53 1.28 2.87 2.51 3.44 1.6925 1 33.40 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.29 2.77 2.42 3.32 2.09 3.38 2.96 4.05 2.5032 1.1/4 42.16 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.65 2.77 2.42 3.32 2.69 3.56 3.11 4.27 3.3940 1.1/2 48.26 1.65 1.44 1.98 1.90 2.77 2.42 3.32 3.11 3.68 3.22 4.42 4.0550 2 60.33 1.65 1.44 1.98 2.39 2.77 2.42 3.32 3.93 3.91 3.42 4.69 5.4465 2.1/2 73.03 2.11 1.84 2.53 3.69 3.05 2.67 3.66 5.26 5.16 4.51 6.19 8.6380 3 88.90 2.11 1.84 2.58 4.52 3.05 2.67 3.73 6.46 5.49 4.80 6.72 11.2990 3.1/2 101.60 2.11 1.84 2.58 5.18 3.05 2.67 3.73 7.41 5.74 5.02 7.03 13.57100 4 114.30 2.11 1.84 2.58 5.84 3.05 2.67 3.73 8.37 6.02 5.27 7.37 16.08125 5 141.30 2.77 2.42 3.39 9.46 3.40 2.98 4.17 11.56 6.55 5.73 8.03 21.77150 6 168.28 2.77 2.42 3.39 11.31 3.40 2.98 4.17 13.83 7.11 6.22 8.71 28.26200 8 219.08 2.77 2.42 3.39 14.78 3.76 3.29 4.61 19.97 8.18 7.16 10.02 42.55250 10 273.05 3.40 2.98 4.17 22.61 4.19 3.67 5.13 27.79 9.27 8.11 11.36 60.31300 12 323.85 3.96 3.47 4.85 31.25 4.57 4.00 5.60 35.99 9.53 8.34 11.67 73.88350 14 355.6 3.96 3.47 4.85 34.34 4.78 4.18 5.86 41.36 9.53 8.34 11.67 81.33400 16 406.4 4.19 3.67 5.13 41.56 4.78 4.18 5.86 47.34 9.53 8.34 11.20 93.27450 18 457.2 4.19 3.67 5.13 46.79 4.78 4.18 5.86 53.31 9.53 8.34 11.20 105..0

500 20 508.0 4.78 4.18 5.61 59.32 5.54 4.85 6.51 68.65 9.53 8.34 11.20 117.15550 22 558.8 4.78 4.18 5.61 65.33 5.54 4.85 6.51 75.62600 24 609.6 5.54 4.85 6.51 82.58 6.35 5.56 7.46 94.53 9.53 8.34 11.20 141.12750 30 762.0 6.35 5.56 7.46 119.94 7.92 6.93 9.31 147.29

NB NPS OD SCH 80S / XS SCH 160mm inch mm av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m av w.t. min wt max wt kg/m6 1/8 10.29 2.41 2.11 2.90 0.478 1/4 13.72 3.02 2.64 3.63 0.8010 3/8 17.15 3.20 2.80 3.84 1.1015 1/2 21.34 3.73 3.27 4.48 1.62 4.78 4.18 5.73 1.9520 3/4 26.67 3.91 3.42 4.69 2.20 5.56 4.87 6.68 2.9025 1 33.40 4.55 3.98 5.46 3.24 6.35 5.56 7.62 4.2432 1.1/4 42.16 4.85 4.24 5.82 4.47 6.35 5.56 7.62 5.6140 1.1/2 48.26 5.08 4.45 6.10 5.41 7.14 6.25 8.56 7.2550 2 60.33 5.54 4.85 6.64 7.48 8.74 7.65 10.49 11.1165 2.1/2 73.03 7.01 6.13 8.41 11.41 9.53 8.33 11.43 14.9280 3 88.90 7.62 6.67 8.76 15.27 11.13 9.73 12.79 21.3590 3.1/2 101.60 8.08 7.07 9.29 18.64100 4 114.30 8.56 7.49 9.84 22.32 13.49 11.80 15.51 33.54125 5 141.30 9.53 8.33 10.95 30.97 15.88 13.89 18.26 49.12150 6 168.28 10.97 9.60 12.62 42.56 18.26 15.98 21.00 67.57200 8 219.08 12.70 11.11 14.61 64.64 23.01 20.14 26.46 111.27250 10 273.05 12.70 11.11 15.56 81.56 28.58 25.01 32.87 172.27300 12 323.85 12.70 11.11 15.56 97.47 33.32 29.16 38.32 238.69350 14 355.6 12.70 11.11 15.56 107.40 35.71 31.25 41.07 281.72400 16 406.4 12.70 11.11 15.56 123.31 40.49 35.43 46.56 365.38450 18 457.2 12.70 11.11 15.56 139.16 45.24 39.59 52.03 459.39500 20 508.0 12.70 11.11 14.92 155.13 50.01 43.76 58.76 564.85550 22 558.8 53.98 47.23 63.43 672.30600 24 609.6 12.70 11.11 14.92 187.07 59.54 52.10 69.96 808.27750 30 762.0

Stainless steel thickness are specifed as Sch “..S” numbers and above 200 NB are NOT the same as corresponding “Sch” carbon steel thicknesses. Carbon steel dimensions are specified in ASME B36.10M-04 to 2000mm (80 “) N.B. with w.t. Sch 10 to Sch XXS (double extra strong).

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59

O.D. and wall thickness tolerancesPermissable Variations in Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness According to ASTM A312M-10 table 3, and ASTM A999M-04a table 1

O.D. W.T. NPS Designator Over Under Tolerance from Nominal Weight

mm mm Over % Under %

6 mm - 40 mm incl. 0.4 0.8 20 12.50

Over 40mm - 65 mm incl. 0.8 0.8 20 12.50

Over 65mm - 100 mm incl. 0.8 0.8 20 12.50

Over 100mm - 200 mm incl. 1.6 0.8 20 12.50

Over 200mm - 450 mm incl. 2.4 0.8 20 12.50

Over 450mm - 650 mm incl. 3.2 0.8 20 12.50

Over 650mm - 850 mm incl. 4.0 0.8 20 12.50

Over 850mm - 1200 mm incl. 4.8 0.8 20 12.50

Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel wall thickness designation comparisonLike schedule numbers with same nominal wall thickness Size range inclusive

Sch 10S & Sch 10 same wall thickness to 200 NB

Sch 40S , Sch 40 and Standard Weight (STD ) same wall thickness to 250 NB

Sch 80S , Sch 80 and Extra Strong (XS) same wall thickness to 200 NB

Sch 80S and Extra Strong (XS) same wall thickness to 600 NB

Sch 160 and Sch 160 (SS sizes based carbon steel standard) same wall thickness, limited avail in SS

Double Extra Strong (XXS) carbon steel only

Non standard sizes of stainless steel pipe can be produced in seamless or welded for most carbon steel dimensions, subject to minimum quantities, and production lead times.

Stainless steel welded and seamless pipe - tolerances

Surface finishSurface imperfections such as handling marks, straightening marks, mandrel and die marks, shallow surface pits, or scale pattern are not considered defects if they are removable within the wall thickness tolerance or 0.1 mm, whichever is greater.

See page 269.

Dimensions and weightsMetric sizes based on 1 in. = 25.4mm Weights based steel plain end pipe 1 lb/ft = 1.4895 kg/m

Weight calculation formula: Wpe = weight to nearest 0.01kg in kg/mD = specified O.D. to nearest 0.1mm up to 406.4 mm

and to nearest 1.0 mm for larger sizes.t = specified wall thickness to the nearest 0.01 mm

Min. wall calculation formula: tn x 0.875 = tmtn = nominal (average) wall in mm rounded to 1

decimal placetm = min. wall in mm rounded to 1 decimal place

Straightness tolerance - ASTM A999M-04a section 161. All - the finished pipe shall be reasonably straight

2. For metal-arc welded pipe, the maximum deviation shall be 3.2 mm measured from a 3 m straight edge, where both ends are in contact with the pipe

OvalityIncluded in the tolerances for specified O.D. except thin wall pipes (wt 3% or less of O.D.) where ovality is not to exceed 1.5% of the specfied O.D.

Welded pipe - specified single and double weldsWelded pipe ≤ 350 NB shall have a single longitudinal weld.

Welded pipe > 350 NB shall have a single longitudinal weld OR two longitudinal welds where formed from plate.

Note: The weld area for sizes ≥ 350 NB can be higher than the surface on the O.D. & I.D. subject to depth of the weld. This may affect surface finish and roundness, particulary on pipe with 2 welds. Forming from plate, the weld area can be fairly wide and flat, generally not suitable for decorative or close fit uses.

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60

Nom Pipe Size

Nom Sch 10 Sch 20 Sch 30 Sch 40 Sch STD WEIGHT Sch 60

NB NPS O.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t I.D. mm inch mm mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m

6 1/8 10.29 1.24 7.80 0.28 - - - 1.45 7.39 0.32 1.73 6.83 0.37 1.73 6.83 0.37 - - -

8 1/4 13.72 1.65 10.4 0.49 - - - 1.85 10.0 0.54 2.24 9.2 0.63 2.24 9.2 0.63 - - -

10 3/8 17.15 1.65 13.8 0.63 - - - 1.85 13.4 0.70 2.31 12.5 0.84 2.31 12.5 0.84 - - -

15 1/2 21.34 2.11 17.1 1.00 - - - 2.41 16.5 1.12 2.77 15.8 1.27 2.77 15.8 1.27 - - -

20 3/4 26.67 2.11 22.5 1.28 - - - 2.41 21.9 1.44 2.87 20.9 1.69 2.87 20.9 1.69 - - -

25 1 33.40 2.77 27.9 2.09 - - - 2.90 27.6 2.18 3.38 26.6 2.50 3.38 26.6 2.50 - - -

32 1.1/4 42.16 2.77 36.6 2.69 - - - 2.97 36.2 2.87 3.56 35.1 3.39 3.56 35.1 3.39 - - -

40 1.1/2 48.26 2.77 42.7 3.11 - - - 3.18 41.9 3.53 3.68 40.9 4.05 3.68 40.9 4.05 - - -

50 2 60.33 2.77 54.8 3.93 - - - 3.18 54.0 4.48 3.91 52.5 5.44 3.91 52.5 5.44 - - -

65 2.1/2 73.03 3.05 66.9 5.26 - - - 4.78 63.5 8.04 5.16 62.7 8.63 5.16 62.7 8.63 - - -

80 3 88.90 3.05 82.8 6.46 - - - 4.78 79.3 9.92 5.49 77.9 11.29 5.49 77.9 11.29 - - -

90 3.1/2 101.60 3.05 95.5 7.41 - - - 4.78 92.0 11.41 5.74 90.1 13.57 5.74 90.1 13.57 - - -

100 4 114.30 3.05 108.2 8.37 - - - 4.78 104.7 12.91 6.02 102.3 16.08 6.02 102.3 16.08 - - -

125 5 141.30 3.40 134.5 11.56 - - - - - - 6.55 128.2 21.77 6.55 128.2 21.77 - - -

150 6 168.28 3.40 161.5 13.83 - - - - - - 7.11 154.1 28.26 7.11 154.1 28.26 - - -

200 8 219.08 3.76 211.6 19.97 6.35 187.3 33.32 7.04 205.0 36.82 8.18 202.7 42.55 8.18 202.7 42.55 - - -

250 10 273.05 4.19 264.7 27.78 6.35 237.3 41.76 7.80 257.5 51.01 9.27 254.5 60.29 9.27 254.5 60.29 12.70 248 81.53

300 12 323.85 4.57 314.7 35.98 6.35 287.3 49.71 8.38 307.1 65.19 10.31 303.2 79.71 9.53 304.8 73.86 14.27 295 108.93

350 14 355.6 6.35 343 55 7.92 334 68 9.53 337 81 11.13 333 95 9.53 337 81 15.09 325 127

400 16 406.4 6.35 394 63 7.92 384 78 9.53 387 93 12.7 381 123 9.53 387 93 16.66 373 160

450 18 457.2 6.35 445 71 7.92 434 88 11.13 435 122 14.27 429 156 9.53 438 105 19.05 419 206

500 20 508.0 6.35 495 79 9.53 481 117 12.70 483 155 15.09 478 183 9.53 489 117 20.62 467 248

550 22 558.8 6.35 546 87 9.53 531 129 12.70 533 171 - - - 9.53 540 129 22.23 514 294

600 24 609.6 6.35 597 95 9.53 581 141 14.27 581 210 17.48 575 255 9.53 591 141 24.61 560 355

650 26 660.4 7.92 645 127 12.70 625 203 - - - - - - 9.53 641 153

700 28 711.2 7.92 695 137 12.70 675 219 15.88 679 272 - - - 9.53 692 165

750 30 762.0 7.92 746 147 12.70 725 235 15.88 730 292 - - - 9.53 743 180

800 32 812.8 7.92 797 157 12.70 775 251 15.88 781 312 17.48 778 343 9.53 794 189

850 34 863.6 7.92 848 167 12.70 825 267 15.88 832 332 17.48 829 365 9.53 845 201

900 36 914.4 7.92 899 177 12.70 875 282 15.88 883 352 19.05 876 420 9.53 895 213

950 38 965 7.92 949 187 17.48 930 408 9.53 946 225

1000 40 1016 7.92 1000 197 17.48 981 430 9.53 997 237

1050 42 1067 11.13 1045 290 17.48 1032 452 9.53 1048 249

1100 44 1118 11.13 1096 304 17.48 1083 482 9.53 1099 261

1150 46 1168 11.13 1146 318 17.48 1133 504 9.53 1149 272

1200 48 1219 11.13 1197 352 17.48 1184 526 9.53 1200 284

1300 52 1321 11.13 1299 360

1350 54 1372 11.13 1350 379

1400 56 1422 11.13 1400 393

1500 60 1524 11.13 1502 422

1600 64 1626 11.13 1604 450

1700 68 1727 11.13 1705 478

1800 72 1829 11.13 1807 507

1900 76 1930 11.13 1908 535

2000 80 2032 11.13 2010 563

Carbon steel welded and seamless pipe Seamless and welded carbon steel pipe acc. to ASTM specifications, e.g. ASTM A106, ASTM A53, API 5L line pipe

Nominal dimensions and weights acc. to carbon steel Standard ASME B36.10M-04(Theoretical ID included for reference - all dimensions are subject to tolerances nominated in relevant specifications)

av w.t. = average wall thickness= Equivalent stainless steel dimensions for quick comparison to carbon steel sizes

Pipe

61

= Equivalent stainless steel dimensions for quick comparison to carbon steel sizes

Nom Pipe Size

Nom SCH XS SCH 80 SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140 SCH 160 SCH XXS

NB NPS O.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t

I.D. av w.t

I.D. av w.t

I.D. av w.t

I.D. av w.t I.D. av w.t

I.D.

mm inch mm mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m mm mm kg/m

6 1/8 10.29 2.41 5.46 0.47 2.41 5.46 0.47 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

8 1/4 13.72 3.02 7.7 0.80 3.02 7.67 0.80 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 3/8 17.15 3.20 10.7 1.10 3.20 10.74 1.10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

15 1/2 21.34 3.73 13.9 1.62 3.73 13.87 1.62 - - - - - - - - - 4.78 7.59 1.95 7.47 2.21 2.55

20 3/4 26.67 3.91 18.8 2.20 3.91 18.85 2.20 - - - - - - - - - 5.56 10.21 2.90 7.82 5.69 3.64

25 1 33.40 4.55 24.3 3.24 4.55 24.31 3.24 - - - - - - - - - 6.35 13.97 4.24 9.09 8.48 5.45

32 1.1/4 42.16 4.85 32.5 4.47 4.85 32.46 4.47 - - - - - - - - - 6.35 20.70 5.61 9.70 14.00 7.77

40 1.1/2 48.26 5.08 38.1 5.41 5.08 38.10 5.41 - - - - - - - - - 7.14 27.89 7.25 10.15 21.86 9.55

50 2 60.33 5.54 49.3 7.48 5.54 49.25 7.48 - - - - - - - - - 8.74 30.78 11.11 11.07 26.11 13.44

65 2.1/2 73.03 7.01 59.0 11.41 7.01 59.00 11.41 - - - - - - - - - 9.53 41.28 14.92 14.02 32.28 20.39

80 3 88.90 7.62 73.7 15.27 7.62 73.66 15.27 - - - - - - - - - 11.13 50.77 21.35 15.24 42.55 27.68

90 3.1/2 101.60 8.08 85.4 18.64 8.08 85.45 18.64 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

100 4 114.30 8.56 97.2 22.32 8.56 97.18 22.32 - - - 11.13 79.3 28.32 - - - 13.49 74.63 33.54 17.12 67.36 41.03

125 5 141.30 9.53 122.3 30.97 9.53 122.25 30.97 - - - 12.70 88.9 40.28 - - - 15.88 82.55 49.12 19.05 76.20 57.43

150 6 168.28 10.97 146.3 42.56 10.97 146.33 42.56 - - - 14.27 112.8 54.21 - - - 18.26 104.78 67.57 21.95 97.41 79.22

200 8 219.08 12.7 193.7 64.64 12.70 193.68 64.64 15.09 138.1 75.92 18.26 131.8 90.44 20.62 127.0 100.93 23.01 122.25 111.27 22.23 123.83 107.93

250 10 273.05 12.7 247.7 81.53 15.09 242.87 95.98 18.26 182.6 114.71 21.44 176.2 133.01 25.40 168.3 155.10 28.58 161.93 172.27 25.40 168.28 155.10

300 12 323.85 12.7 298.5 97.44 17.48 288.90 132.05 21.44 230.2 159.87 25.40 222.3 186.92 28.58 215.9 208.08 33.32 206.40 238.69 25.40 222.25 186.92

350 14 355.6 12.7 330 107 19.05 318 158 23.83 276 195 27.79 268 225 31.75 260 254 35.71 252 282

400 16 406.4 12.7 381 123 21.44 364 204 26.19 303 246 30.96 294 287 36.53 283 333 40.49 275 365

450 18 457.2 12.7 432 139 23.83 410 255 29.36 348 310 34.93 337 364 39.67 327 408 45.24 316 459

500 20 508.0 12.7 483 155 26.19 456 311 32.54 392 382 38.10 381 442 44.45 368 508 50.01 357 565

550 22 558.8 12.7 533 171 28.58 502 374 34.93 438 451 41.28 425 527 47.63 413 601 53.98 400 672

600 24 609.6 12.7 584 187 30.96 548 442 38.89 481 548 46.02 467 640 52.37 454 720 59.54 440 808

650 26 660.4 12.7 635 203 30.96 598 527

700 28 711.2 12.7 686 219 30.96 649 567

750 30 762.0 12.7 737 235 30.96 700 n/a

800 32 812.8 12.7 787 251 30.96 751 606

850 34 863.6 12.7 838 267 30.96 802 646

900 36 914.4 12.7 889 282

950 38 965 12.7 940 298

1000 40 1016 12.7 991 314

1050 42 1067 12.7 1042 330

1100 44 1118 12.7 1093 346

1150 46 1168 12.7 1143 362

1200 48 1219 12.7 1194 378

1300 52 1321 12.7 1296 410

1350 54 1372 12.7 1347 432

1400 56 1422 12.7 1397 448

1500 60 1524 12.7 1499 481

1600 64 1626 12.7 1601 513

1700 68 1727 12.7 1702 545

1800 72 1829 12.7 1804 577

1900 76 1930 12.7 1905 610

2000 80 2032 12.7 2007 642

Carbon steel welded and seamless pipe

*ASME B36.10M-04 does not include Sch 160 or XXS wall thickness for 6 NB, 8 NB and 10 NB. For reference these non standard thicknesses are listed acc. to Forged Fitting Standard ASME B16.11-09 Table 8

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62

Standards - tube, pipe and fittings

Standards make it possible for designers to easily specify a well-defined material for a given application – chemical composition, size, properties, etc. The standards define the production route, what tests shall be performed, how the testing shall be carried out and how the results shall be reported.

A brief description of common standards is given below.

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

MSS Manufacturer’s Standardisation Society

NACE National Association of Chemical Engineers (The Corrosion Society)

ISO International Organisation for Standardisation

EN Europäische Norm, i.e. European standard

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung

PED Pressure Equipment Directive

VdTüV Vereinigung der Technischen Ueberwachungsvereine

BS British Standard

UNS Unified Numbering System

AS Australian Standard

ASMEB16.47 Large diameter flanges 26” to 60” NB

B16.5 Pipe flanges and flanged fittings as per ASTM

B16.9 Factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings as per ASTM such as 90 / 180 deg long radius and short radius elbows tees, crosses, reducing fittings, caps and stub ends short length

B16.11 Forged fittings, socket-welding and threaded as per ASTM

B16.25 Buttwelding ends

B16.28 Wrought steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns as per ASTM

B36.10 Welded and seamless wrought steel pipe

B36.19 Stainless steel pipe

ASTM/ASMEA182 Stainless steel forged flanges, fittings and

valves

A213 Seamless ferritic and austentitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes.

A249 Welded austenitic steel boiler, superheater, and heat exchanger tubes

ASTM/ASME (cont.)A262 Intergranular corrosion tests

A268 Seamless and welded ferritic and martensitic stainless steel tubing for general service

A269 Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service

A312 Welded pipes without filler metal and seamless pipes for general applications

A358 Electric fusion welded austenitic chromium-nickel alloy steel pipe for high temperature service

A403 Wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings

A409 Welded large diameter austenitic steel pipe for corrosive or high temperature service

A511 Seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing

A554 Welded stainless steel mechanical tubing

A632 Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing (small diameter) for general service

A731 Seamless and welded ferritic and martensitic stainless steel pipe

A789 Seamless and welded ferritic/austentic stainless steel tubing for general service

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63

Standards - tube, pipe and fittings

ASTM/ASME (cont.)A790 Seamless and welded ferritic/austenitic

stainless steel pipe

A815 Wrought ferritic, ferritic/austenitic and martensitic stainless steel fittings

A928 Ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel pipe electric fusion welded with addition of filler metal

A999 Standard specification for alloy and stainless steel pipe

A1016 General requirements for ferritic alloy steel, austenitic alloy steel, and stainless steel tubes

B366 Factory-made wrought nickel and nickel alloy fittings

ASAS 1528.1 Tubes stainless steel for the food industry

AS 1528.2 Screwed couplings stainless steel for the food industry

AS 1528.3 Butt weld stainless steel tube fittings for the food industry

AS 2129 Table flanges (derived from British Standard BS10 - 1962, withdrawn 1970)

AS4087 Metallic flanges for waterworks purposes

BS3799 Steel pipe fittings, screwed and socket-

welding

DIN2501 Flange dimensions PN6 - 320

2527 Blind Flanges PN 6 - 100

2576 Plain welding flanges PN 10

2605 Elbows

2615 Tees

2616 Reducers

2617 Caps

2632 Welding neck flanges PN 10



2642 Collar rings and flanges PN 10

17457 Welded round austenitic stainless steel tubes

17458 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – technical delivery conditions

EN1092-1 PN based flanges and their joints

10204 Types of inspection documents

10217-7 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – technical delivery conditions

10216-5 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – technical delivery conditions

ISO1127 Dimensions, tolerances and weights of

stainless steel tubes

MSSSP-25 Standard marking system for ASTM

fittings, flanges, unions and valves

SP-43 Wrought stainless steel butt-welding fittings

SP-83 Class 3000 steel pipe unions, socket welding and threaded

SP-97 Integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings – socket-welding, threaded and buttwelding ends

NACEMR0175 Standard Material Requirements. Metals

for sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking resistance in sour oilfield environments

PED97/23/EC In force since 29th May 2002. PED

refers to EN standards. Many times however it is also requested for ASME products. Therefore we buy ASME products from PED approved producers.

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64

Extrusion

Cold pilgering

Extrusion of composite tubes

Cold drawing

Billet in loading position

Stem Glass film

Container Die

Lining

Glassdisc

Cutting

3 - 5 m/s

Extrusion principle

Mandrel Billet1200°C

Billet ready for extrusion

Extrusion in progress Extrusion completed

Starting position

Position with tapered groove

Tapered mandrel

Tube,cold-rolled to

requesteddimension

Stand

Mandrel bar

Starting material = an extruded tube

Position at end of stroke

Die

Grip

Die

Grip

Floatingplug

Principle for cold drawing by sinking Principle for cold drawing on a floating plug

Componentscombined into a billet

Extrusion

Inner component

Outer component

The ends are cut off to obtain thesame layer thickness along the whole length

The principle for extrusion of composite tubes

Hot-finished tube and pipe

Cold-finished tube and pipe

Seamless tube and pipe manufacture

Pipe

65

Strip welding of tube and pipe

Plate welding of tube and pipe

Principle for strip welding of tubes

1 Strip decoiler2 Strip magazine3 Forming into slotted tubes4 Welding

5 Bead rolling6 Grinding7 Calibration8 Eddy-current testing

9 In-line heat treatment10 Cutting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Principle for plate welding of tube and pipe

Finishing of non heat-treated material

Finishing of heat-treated material

Sheet or plate Forming into slotted tubes Welding Grinding

Cutting Calibration Pickling Inspection and stenciling

Heat treatment CalibrationPickling Straightening

Cutting Hydrostatic testing PicklingRadiography Inspection and stenciling

Welded tube and pipe manufacture

Pipe

66

Standards for testing of material

Seamless tube, pipe and hollow bar Steel grade Sandvik / ASTM TP / UNS

Tube and pipe 3R12 3R60 6R35 5R75 SAF 2205 SAF 2507 304L 316L 321 S31803 S32750

Hydraulic tubing

InstrumentationtubeImperial sizes

Sizes acc. toANSI B36.19

Metric sizes

Hollow bar

Steel grade Sandvik / TP / UNS

Tube and pipe 2RK65 Sanicro 28 4C54 7RE10 253 MA 353 MA Sanicro 31HT N08904 N08028 446-1 S31008/S31009 S30815 S35315 N08811/N08810

InstrumentationtubeImperial sizes

Sizes acc. to

ANSI B36.19

Tube and pipefor high temperatures

SS 219711 1) ASTMDIN 17458 10) A213-AW,

TC1 A269NFA 49–117 A632

PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

ASTM A269PED 97/23/ECEN10216-5 TC1

ASTM B668PED 97/23/ECEN10216-5 TC1

ASTM B668

ASTM, A213-AWA269A632PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

ASTM A312

3R65 2)

ASTM A312 3)

NFA 49-117 4)

ASTM A268 ASTM A312,DIN17458, PK 1NFA 49-117

ASTM A312 ASTM A312 ASTM B407 8)

SS 2197111)

DIN 17458 10)

TC1NFA 49 -117PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

Sanmac 304LSanmac 316LData sheet 5)

NFA 49-317 12)

DIN 17456, DIN 17458 PK1 6)

PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1 6)

DIN 17458 10)

TC1PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

ASTM A312 3) ASTM A790 11)

DIN 17458, TC1 10)PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

AD-W2, DIN 17458PED 97/23/EC EN10216-5 TC1

Sanmac 4571DIN 17456 6)

Data sheet 5)

PED 97/23/ECEN10216-5TC16)

Sanmac SAF 2205Data sheet13)

PED 97/23/ECEN10216-5 TC16)

ASTM A789PED 97/23/ECEN10216-5 TC1

Tolerances according to EN ISO 1127Outside diameter

Classes Tolerances

D1 ±1,5%, but min. ±0.75 mm

D2 ±1,0%, but min. ±0.5 mm

D3 ±0,75%, but min. ±0.3 mm

D4 ±0,50%, but min. ±0.1 mm

Wall thickness

Classes Tolerances

T0 ±20%, but min. ±1 mm) 1)

T1 ±15%, but min. ±0.6 mm

T2 ±12.5%, but min. ±0.4 mm

T3 ±10%, but min. ±0.2 mm

T4 ±7.5%, but min. ±0.15mm

T5 ±5%, but min. ±0.1 mm

1) SS 219711, condition 22, e.g. 3R12 = SS 2352-222) 3R65 = TP 316L (S31603)3) Incl. IC = Intergranular Corrosion test acc. to ASTM A 262 Pr.ENACE MR 0175/ISO 151564) Tolerances and leak test acc. to ASTM A312/A9995) Heat analysis and tensile strength. IC test in delivery condition6) The leakage test is deferred to the finished component. IC-test in delivery condition

8) Hot worked tolerances ASTM A99910) Incl. IC test acc. to DIN 50914 (EN ISO 3651-2 Method A)11) Incl. corrosion test acc. to ASTM G-48 Method A12) IC-test in delivery condition13) Heat analysis and mechanical properties acc. to data sheet. Corrosion testacc. to ASTM G 48, Method A. Impact test (t ≥ 6mm).Micrographic test (400X) NACE MRO175 / ISO 15156-1:2001

1) Not in EN ISO 1127

Documents

Pipe charts